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1
Wright, Glenn C. "Lemon Cultivar Selection Trials in Arizona". HortScience 40, n.º 4 (julio de 2005): 1108B—1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1108b.
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Two lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] cultivar selection trials are being conducted at the Yuma Mesa Agriculture Center in Somerton, Ariz. Some selections in these trials include: `Allen Eureka', `Berna', `Cook Eureka', `Cascade Eureka', `Cavers Lisbon', `Strong Lisbon', `Femminello Comune', `Lapithkiotiki', `Limoneira 8A Lisbon', `Limonero Fino 49', `Monroe Lisbon', `Primofiori', `Santa Teresa', `Walker Lisbon', and `Villafranca'. Selections that have had superior yields include `Cascade Eureka', `Cook Eureka', `Strong Lisbon', `Limoneira 8A Lisbon', `Limonero Fino 49', `Primofiori', `Femminello Comune', and `Villafranca'. Fruit size data suggest that `Limonero Fino 49' has consistently good fruit size, and consistently larger fruit than `Limoneira 8A', the industry standard. `Cavers Lisbon' and `Femminello Comune' also have good fruit size. `Lapithkiotiki' also had large fruit size, but its shape was unacceptably elongated. We also found significant differences in peel thickness and juice pH among the selections. `Santa Teresa' had significantly lower juice pH and a thinner peel than some of the other selections under evaluation.
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Wilcox, M. A., C. A. Sanchez, G. Wright y P. Brown. "Response of `Lisbon' Lemons to Irrigation Frequency in the Arizona Desert". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julio de 1995): 839B—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839b.
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The majority of citrus planted in southwestern Arizona are lemons. Lemons are generally more vigorous and usually produce higher yields than other citrus cultivars. However, under water stress, fruit size will be compromised and excessive fruit drop will occur. Limited information is available that addresses the issue of irrigation frequencies and the impact on fruit sizing of lemons. A field study was initiated in 1993 evaluate the response of `'Lisbon' lemons to various flood irrigation intervals. Irrigation intervals were based on soil moisture depletion (SMD), as calculated from frequent neutron probe soil moisture measurements. Individual treatments were irrigated when total SMD was 25%, 40%, 55%, and 70%, respectively. The experiment is a completely random design with four replications. Results indicate that both the most-frequent (25% SMD) and least-frequent (70% SMD) irrigation regimes produced negative results. Overall, the first year's results indicate optimal fruit growth and yield is achieved at 40% SMD.
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Wright, Glenn C. "237 Rootstock and Scion Trials for Lemon in Arizona". HortScience 34, n.º 3 (junio de 1999): 483A—483. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.483a.
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Five rootstocks, `Carrizo' citrange, Citrus macrophylla, Rough lemon, `Swingle' citrumelo, and Citrus volkameriana, were selected for evaluation using `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' as the scion. Four years of yield and fruit packout data indicate that trees on C. volkameriana and C. macrophylla are superior to those on other rootstocks in growth and yield. `Swingle' and `Carrizo' are performing poorly, and Rough lemon is intermediate. In a similar trial, four `Lisbon' lemon selections, `Frost Nucellar', `Corona Foothills', `Limoneira 8A', and `Prior' selections of Lisbon lemon were selected for evaluation on Citrus volkameriana rootstock. Four years of yield and packout data indicate that the `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' selection has generally outperformed the other selections in both growth and yield, although `Corona Foothills' has been superior in the 1998-99 harvest season.
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Wright, Glenn C. "Girdling Lemons to Improve Fruit Size and Set in Southern Arizona". HortScience 33, n.º 3 (junio de 1998): 499a—499. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.499a.
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Arizona lemon producers are often concerned with poor flowering, fruit set and fruit sizing, especially following excessively warm winter or spring weather. `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' (Citrus limon Burm.) lemons were girdled over a 3-year period to determine if girdling would improve yield or fruit size. Eight trees were girdled each month, from November through August, using a double spiral girdle and a 4.8-mm wide girdling knife. Fruit size measurements were taken throughout the growing season. Trees were harvested individually, and yield; fruit packout and fruit quality measurements were collected. For the 1995/96 harvest, trees girdled in March and May had greater early size and greater yields. Fruit quality was improved as well. For 1996/97 harvest year, trees girdled the previous November and December had significantly greater yield and fruit size. For trees harvested in 1997/98, no treatment was significantly better than the non-girdled trees. The effects of girdling on the orchard profitability will also be discussed.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, D. Ross Rodney y Zahra Mousavi. "Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Eight Lemon Cultivars in Arizona". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, n.º 1 (enero de 1990): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.6.
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Tree growth, yield, and fruit quality of eight lemon cultivars [Citrus limon (L.) Burro. f.] on macrophylla (Alemow) (C. macrophylla Wester) rootstock were compared when grown in sandy soil in the arid climate of south-western Arizona. `Foothill Lisbon' had higher cumulative yield and titratable acids than `Monroe Lisbon', `Prior Lisbon', `Eureka', and `Villafranca', and had larger fruit than other `Lisbon' cultivars. `Prior Lisbon' produced a larger tree canopy with lower yield efficiency than all other cultivars and did not show any decline due to sieve tube necrosis 12 years after planting. Overall, `Eureka' cultivars and `Villafranca' had lower relative cumulative yields, canopy volumes, total soluble solids content, titratable acids, and seed content, but higher tree decline than `Lisbon' cultivars. Overall, `Foothill Lisbon', in spite of carrying exocortis viroid, produced good yields and fruit quality and `Prior Lisbon' had a satisfactory growth-performance.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, Zahra Mousavi y D. Ross Rodney. "Performance of `Orlando' Tangelo Trees on Ten Rootstocks in Arizona". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.1.2.
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The influence, of 10 rootstocks on growth, yield, and fruit quality of `Orlando' tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco) was studied for 7 years under the arid climate of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla (Alemow) (C. macrophylla Wester) were the most precocious and produced the highest yields 4 years after planting. Seven-year cumulative yields of trees on Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Yuma citrange (P. trifoliata × C. sinensis), Volkamer lemon (C. limon Burm f.), rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush), Taiwanica (C. taiwanica), and macrophylla were similar and higher than those on Savage citrange (P. trifofiata × C. sinensis), Batangas mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Ichang pummelo (C. ichangensis hyb.), and Palestine sweet lime (C. limettoides Tan.). Trees on Carrizo citrange had relatively large tree canopies and larger fruit, and fruit from trees on Volkamer lemon and rough lemon was lower in total soluble solids concentration (TSS) and total acids (TA) than fruit from trees on other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on Savage citrange was smallest but had the highest TSS. Considering yield, growth, and/or various quality factors, Volkamer lemon, rough lemon, Yuma citrange, and particularly Carrizo citrange, are suitable for `Orlando' tangelo in the arid regions of the southwestern United States. Trees on macrophylla, Savage citrange, and Ichang pummelo had small canopies and were least productive. `Orlando' tangelo trees on Savage citrange and Ichang pummelo rootstocks, however, might be good choices at a spacing closer than 7 × 7 m because of their high fruit TSS and fruit size, respectively. Trees on Palestine sweet lime declined and had low yields, and those on Batangas mandarin had low yields and poor fruit quality. These rootstocks are not recommended for `Orlando' tangelo under conditions similar to those of this experiment.
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Maurer, M. A. y K. Umeda. "188 Influence of Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert". HortScience 34, n.º 3 (junio de 1999): 474E—474. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.474e.
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A field study was designed to determine the effect of planting date and cultivar on growth and yield of strawberries in the low desert. The study was conducted at the Univ.of Arizona, Citrus Agricultural Center, near Waddell. Treatments included two strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and Chandler) and three planting dates 20 Aug. and 8 and 22 Oct. 1997. There was no significant difference in fruit yield between cultivars. However, fruit number was significantly greater for `Chandler', and, therefore, fruit size was smaller than `Camarosa.' Yield was significantly higher for strawberries planted 20 Aug., with nearly four times the yield compared to the other planting dates. Results of this study suggest summer planting of strawberries in the low desert to produce economically viable yields.
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Houck, Laurie G., Joel F. Jenner y Jan Bianchi. "HOLDING LEMON FRUIT AT 5 OR 15C BEFORE COLD TREATMENT REDUCES CHILLING INJURY". HortScience 25, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1990): 1174c—1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1174c.
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An approved quarantine treatment for Tephritid fruit fly control of citrus fruit requires fruit be held at 0.0-2.2C for 10-22 days, depending on fruit fly species involved and actual temperature attained. However, this treatment causes chilling injury (CI) in California-Arizona desert lemons harvested in late summer or early autumn. We found that temperatures at which lemons are held before cold treatment affects the susceptibility of lemon fruit to CI. Commercially packed lemons obtained from Yuma, AZ packinghouses in Sept.-Nov. 1987 and 1988 were held at 1C for 3 or 6 weeks, or cured for one week at 5, 15 or 30C, or at 15C for one week, followed by 30C for one week, before receiving the 1C cold treatment. Lemons cured one week at 5 or 15C before the cold treatment developed at least 25-30% less CI during 4 weeks peat treatment storage at 10C than noncured fruit. The other curing treatments were not as effective for reducing CI.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil y D. Ross Rodney. "Tree Size, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Concentration of `Fairchild' Mandarin on Six Rootstock". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.1.28.
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The influence of six rootstock on growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral nutrient concentration of `Fairchild' mandarin [`Clementine' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × `Orlando' tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)] is reported for the arid climate of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla (Alemow) (C. macrophylla Wester) were precocious and produced high yield 4 years after planting. Six-year cumulative yields of trees on Volkamer lemon (C. limon Burro f.), Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Taiwanica (C. taiwanica Tan. & shin.), and rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) were similar and higher than those of trees on macrophylla and Batangas mandarin (C. reticulata). `Fairchild' mandarin tree canopies were large with Volkamer lemon and Taiwanica; intermediate with Carrizo citrange, rough lemon, and Batangas mandarin; and small with macrophylla rootstock. Fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange had the highest soluble solids concentration (SSC), while those on Volkamer lemon and rough lemon had the lowest SSC and total acids. `Fairchild' trees on macrophylla had higher levels of leaf N, Mn, and Fe but lower Ca, while trees on Batangas mandarin and Carrizo citrange had higher leaf K than those on the other rootstock. Trees on Volkamer lemon had higher leaf Zn than those on Carrizo citrange, Taiwanica, rough lemon, and Batangas mandarin rootstock. Considering yield, growth, fruit quality, and/or leaf nutrient concentration, Volkamer lemon, Carrizo citrange, Taiwanica, and rough lemon are suitable for `Fairchild' mandarin in the arid regions of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla could be advantageous for short-term planting, but would not be satisfactory for long-term planting because of gradual decline in growth and yields. Batangas mandarin is not recommended for `Fairchild' mandarin due to poor production.
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Wright, Glenn C., William B. McCloskey y Kathryn C. Taylor. "Managing Orchard Floor Vegetation in Flood-irrigated Citrus Groves". HortTechnology 13, n.º 4 (enero de 2003): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.4.0668.
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Several orchard floor management strategies were evaluated beginning in Fall 1993 in a `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' lemon (Citrus limon) grove on the Yuma Mesa in Yuma, Ariz. and in a `Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis) grove at the University of Arizona Citrus Agricultural Center, Waddell, Ariz. At Yuma, disking provided acceptable weed control except underneath the tree canopies where bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and other weed species survived. Mowing the orchard floor suppressed broadleaf weed species allowing the spread of grasses, primarily bermudagrass. Preemergence (norflurazon and oryzalin) and postemergence (glyphosate and sethoxydim) herbicides were used to control weeds in the clean culture treatment in Yuma. After three harvest seasons (1994-95 through 1996-97), the cumulative yield of the clean culture treatment was 385 kg (848.8 lb) per tree, which was significantly greater than the 332 kg (731.9 lb) and 320 kg (705.5 lb) per tree harvested in the disking and mowing treatments, respectively. In addition, the clean culture treatment had a significantly greater percentage of fruit in the 115 and larger size category at the first harvest of the 1995-96 season than either the disk or mow treatments. At Waddell, the management strategies compared were clean culture (at this location only postemergence herbicides were used), mowing of resident weeds with a vegetation-free strip in the tree row, and a `Salina' strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum) cover crop with a vegetation-free strip. The cumulative 3-year yield (1994-95 through 1996-97) of the clean culture treatment was 131 kg (288.8 lb) per tree, which was significantly greater then the 110 kg (242.5 lb) per tree yield of the mowed resident weed treatment. The yield of the strawberry clover treatment, 115 kg (253.5 lb) of oranges per tree, was not significantly different from the other two treatments. The presence of cover crops or weeds on the orchard floor was found to have beneficial effects on soil nitrogen and soil organic matter content, but no effect on orange leaf nutrient content. The decrease in yield in the disked or mowed resident weed treatments compared to the clean culture treatment in both locations was attributed to competition for water.
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Gibson, Rick, Everett Rhodes y Marshall Sunna. "IMPLEMENTATION OF A SUSTAINABLE SMALL FARM EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN THE GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY, ARIZONA-A BEGINNING". HortScience 29, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1994): 1410c—1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1410c.
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An educational attempt to assist Gila River Indian Community members to return to a sustainable small-farm heritage has shown initial success after 1 year. The project uses horticultural technology to help tribal members overcome severe social concerns. The first phase addressed the needs of youth at risk through a 10-acre farm at the Gila River Indian Community Juvenile Rehabilitation and Detention Center in Sacaton, Ariz. During 1993, the farm operation leveled 10 acres of squash, corn, and watermelons; planted and cared for 200 deciduous fruit and citrus trees; and planted and cared for 150 commercial Christmas trees. Produce was either sold to community members or donated to community food centers at the schools or at homes for the elderly. The youth were led by 14 volunteers who completed an intensive training program and were certified as Master Gardeners by the Univ. of Arizona. They have donated -300 hours of time to the project. The project gave youth at risk an opportunity to learn new concepts and skills, gain exercise, and work off detention time. As tribal leadership observed the initial successes, they gave permission to address health and nutrition as well as other youth-at-risk targets within the community beginning in 1994.
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Weinert, T. L., S. A. White, T. L. Thompson y M. A. Maurer. "366 Nitrogen Fertigation of Young Navel Orange Trees". HortScience 35, n.º 3 (junio de 2000): 455D—455. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.455d.
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Citrus production in the southwestern U.S. is highly dependent on inputs of irrigation and N fertilizer to achieve optimum fruit yield and quality. Microsprinkler irrigation may allow for substantial increase in efficiency of N and water application. However, best management practices have not yet been developed for microsprinkler use, particularly on newly established citrus trees. Experiments were conducted during 1997–98 in central Arizona to evaluate the effects of various N rates and fertigation frequencies on growth and N partitioning in young `Newhall' navel oranges planted in Apr. 1997. Two experiments were conducted, each with factorial combinations of N rate and fertigation frequency. In one experiment, non-labeled N fertilizer was used and in the other 15N-labeled N fertilizer. Trunk diameter, leaf N, and 15N partitioning in the trees were measured. During 1997, neither trunk diameter or leaf N were affected by N rate or fertigation frequency. No more than 6% of the N applied was taken up by the trees, and about 50% of the fertilizer N taken up was found in the leaves. Trees grew much more rapidly in 1998. Leaf N in fertilized plots was significantly higher than in control plots, but leaf N in all trees remained above the critical level of 2.5%. Despite rapid tree growth during 1998, no more than 25% of the fertilizer N applied was taken up by the trees. About 60% of the fertilizer N taken up was found in the leaves. Results suggest that N applications are not needed during the first growing season after planting for microsprinkler-irrigated citrus trees in the Southwest. Only modest rates (68 to 136 g/tree) will be needed during the second season to maintain adequate tree reserves.
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"Anastrepha ludens. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, n.º 1st revision) (1 de agosto de 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600089.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Diptera: Tephritidae Attacks mainly Citrus and mango (Mangifera indica). Occasionally also peach (Prunus persica), guava (Psidium guajava) and other tropical and subtropical fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.
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"Diabrotica undecimpunctata. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (1 de agosto de 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp20066600580.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Mannerheim) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Larvae feed on the roots of maize (Zea mays) and other Poaceae; adults attack leaves and fruits of Cucurbitaceae and other crops (soyabean (Glycine spp.), Citrus, vegetables). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Bermuda, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua.
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"Aphis spiraecola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, n.º 1st revision) (1 de agosto de 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600256.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphis spiraecola Patch Hemiptera: Aphididae Attacks young growth of shrubby plants, especially Citrus, stone and other fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Croatia, France, Corsica, Mainland Franca, Greece, Mainland Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Mainland Portugal, Russia, Russian Far East, Spain Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujran, Guangdong, Hebei, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Sulawesi, Iran, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Korea Republic, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, AFRICA, Algeria, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Netherlands, Antilles, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pemambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu.
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"Nattrassia mangiferae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, n.º 1) (1 de agosto de 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500814.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Nattrassia mangiferae (Syd. & P. Syd) B. Sutton & Dyko Fungi: Mitosporic fungi Hosts: Fig (Ficus carica), grapevine (Vitis spp.), walnut (Juglans regia), apple (Malus domestica[Malus pumila]), Citrus, mulberry (Morus alba), stone fruit (Prunus spp.), mango (Mangifera indica), Arbutus and Eucalyptus. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Greece, Mainland Greece, Portugal, Sweden, UK, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cyprus, India, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, AFRICA, Benin, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, USA, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Washington, West Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Cuba, Jamaica, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Fiji, Solomon Islands.
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Hu, Jiahuai y Glenn Wright. "First Report of Fomitopsis meliae Causing Brown Wood Rot on Living Lemon Trees in Arizona and California". Plant Disease, 5 de marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-20-2427-pdn.
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Arizona is one of the largest producers of premium lemons for fresh market in the world. In 2018, 54,000 metric tons of lemons were produced on more than 7,300 acres. In recent years, wood rot diseases have become increasingly important in desert citrus production, with an incidence rate of 70 to 100% in some lemon orchards in Yuma, and lower rates in lemon orchards in the California desert. In 2018 and 2019, A brown wood rot showing symptoms of leaf chlorosis, branch gummosis and wilt, and branch breakage was the most common disease in many lemon orchards. Where disease was observed, a white mycelial mass often covered split exposed internal wood and basidiocarps were found on fallen decaying wood on orchard floors. The fungal colony, consistently isolated from decaying wood on malt extract agar or potato dextrose agar (PDA), was white, dense, and cottony-floccose. The 7-day-old culture had a distinct mushroom odor and hyphae were hyaline, thin-walled, and clamped generative. Genomic DNA was extracted from the mycelia of three isolates using DNeasy Plant Pro Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990). The resulting three nucleotide sequences were identical and deposited under accession number MW221272 in GenBank. A BLASTn search revealed 97.45% and 99.94% match with sequences HQ248221.1 and KT718002.1, respectively, which were isolates of Fomitopsis meliae with a query coverage at 100%. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests were conducted on 30-year-old ‘Lisbon’ (Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck) lemon trees at the Yuma Agriculture Center Mesa farm from February to July in 2019: ten branches (6-to-10 cm in diameter) from ten different trees were inoculated with each of three representative isolates. The inoculum was prepared by growing each isolate on wheat grains for three weeks at 23 to 25oC. Tree branches were inoculated by inserting five colonized wheat grains in 2-cm holes which were drilled into the branches and then covered with Parafilm. Five branches were inoculated with sterile grains and used as a control. Disease was assessed four months later by removing inoculated branches, splitting them in half through the inoculation point, and measuring the length of the wood area affected by wood rot. Brown discoloration of the wood extended an average of 3.9, 4.2, and 4.9 cm per isolate into wood tissues surrounding the inoculation hole, while control branches remained healthy. Fomitopsis meliae was consistently re-isolated from decayed wood based on morphology and ITS sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown wood rot caused by Fomitopsis meliae in lemon in Arizona and California. Fomitopsis species often attack conifers, hardwoods, and fruit trees (Adaskaveg et al., 1993, Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1987). A species of Fomitopsis was detected in 40-year-old sweet orange trees and was highly pathogenic on lemons in southern Italy (Roccotelli et al., 2014). The ITS sequence of this Fomitopsis species (HM126455.1) shared 99% identity with those of Fomitopsis palustris (KJ995920.1) or F. ostreiformis (KC595918.1), but only 93.2% identity with that of F. meliae isolates identified in this study. Fomitopsis meliae can cause substantial pre-mature mortality of lemon trees and represents a major threat to the survival and profitability of lemon production in Arizona.
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"Aonidiella aurantii. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, n.º 2nd revision) (1 de agosto de 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20046600002.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) Homoptera: Coccoidea, Diaspididae. Hosts: Citrus, various deciduous fruit trees, and a wide range of shrubs and flowering plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Crete, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Turkey, Africa, Algeria, Angola, Canary Islands, Chagos Archipelago, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Reunion, St Helena, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Maghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, West Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tansmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Irian Jaya, New Britain, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Western Samoa, Society Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis Islands, North America, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Texas, Central America and Caribbean, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Paraiba, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay.
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"Planococcus citri. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, n.º 2nd revision) (1 de julio de 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600043.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Planococcus citri (Risso) Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae Polyphagous but prefers citrus; often found on cocoa (Theobroma cacao), fruit trees and ornamentals under glass; does not often attack grapevines (Vitis spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (former), France, Corsica, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Mainland Portugal, Russia, Southern Russia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, UK, England and Wales, Scotland, Ukraine, ASIA, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Korea Republic, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Aldabra, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.