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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Clean technology sector"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Whitehead, J. C. "Clean coal technology for the utility sector". Mining Technology 110, n.º 1 (abril de 2001): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mnt.2001.110.1.59.

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2

Reddy, B. Sudhakara y P. Balachandra. "Dynamics of technology shifts in the household sector—implications for clean development mechanism". Energy Policy 34, n.º 16 (noviembre de 2006): 2586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.019.

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3

Atteridge, Aaron y Nina Weitz. "A political economy perspective on technology innovation in the Kenyan clean cookstove sector". Energy Policy 110 (noviembre de 2017): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.08.029.

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4

Wijayatunga, Priyantha D. C. y Darshana Prasad. "Clean energy technology and regulatory interventions for Greenhouse Gas emission mitigation: Sri Lankan power sector". Energy Conversion and Management 50, n.º 6 (junio de 2009): 1595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.02.005.

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5

Stritzke, Susann, Carlos Sakyi-Nyarko, Iwona Bisaga, Malcolm Bricknell, Jon Leary y Edward Brown. "Results-Based Financing (RBF) for Modern Energy Cooking Solutions: An Effective Driver for Innovation and Scale?" Energies 14, n.º 15 (28 de julio de 2021): 4559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154559.

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Results-based financing (RBF) programmes in the clean cooking sector have gained increasing donor interest over the last decade. Although the risks and advantages of RBF have been discussed quite extensively for other sectors, especially health services, there is limited research-documented experience of its application to clean cooking. Due to the sheer scale of the important transition from ‘dirty’ to clean cooking for the 4 billion people who lack access, especially in the Global South, efficient and performance-proven solutions are urgently required. This paper, undertaken as part of the work of the UKAid-funded Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) programme, aims to close an important research gap by reviewing evidence-based support mechanisms and documenting essential experiences from previous and ongoing RBF programmes in the clean cooking and other sectors. On this basis, the paper derives key strategic implications and learning lessons for the global scaling of RBF programmes and finds that qualitative key performance indicators such as consumer acceptance as well as longer-term monitoring are critical long-term success factors for RBF to ensure the continued uptake and use of clean cooking solutions (CCS), however securing the inclusion of these indicators within programmes remains challenging. Finally, by discussing the opportunities for the evolution of RBF into broader impact funding programmes and the integration of energy access and clean cooking strategies through multi-sector approaches, the paper illustrates potential steps to enhance the impact of RBF in this sector in the future.
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6

Özdurak, Caner. "Nexus between crude oil prices, clean energy investments, technology companies and energy democracy". Green Finance 3, n.º 3 (2021): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2021017.

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<abstract> <p>In this study, we examine the nexus between crude oil prices, clean energy investments, technology companies, and energy democracy. Our dataset incorporates four variables which are S &amp; P Global Clean Energy Index (SPClean), Brent crude oil futures (Brent), CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), and NASDAQ 100 Technology Sector (DXNT) daily prices between 2009 and 2021. The novelty of our study is that we included technology development and market fear as important factors and assess their impact on clean energy investments. DCC-GARCH models are utilized to analyze the spillover impact of market fear, oil prices, and technology company stock returns to clean energy investments. According to our findings when oil prices decrease, the volatility index usually responds by increasing which means that the market is afraid of oil price surges. Renewable investments also tend to decrease in that period following the oil price trend. Moreover, a positive relationship between technology stocks and renewable energy stock returns also exists.</p> </abstract>
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7

Bello, Mukhtar. "Global Status on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology". Advanced Materials Research 1116 (julio de 2015): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1116.173.

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Though, fuel cells and hydrogen technology is known to the scientific community for almost two centuries, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest due to global efforts to develop and use clean and efficient energy conversion technologies for sustainable development. Thus, this chapter presents an educative discussion on the current status of fuel cells and hydrogen technology. Brief discussion on the fuel cells operation principle, different types of fuel cells and historical developments is presented. Efforts by private companies for the development and deployment of fuel cells and current status of fuel cells for the different application sectors, namely; stationary power generation, transport sector and portable power sector have also been discussed. In general, within the last decade, there has been significant progress in the development and deployment of fuel cells in the three application sectors. However, stationary power generation sector has witnessed the most impressive increase in the use of fuel cells interms of both the system shipments (200% increase from 2010 to 2012) and megawatts shipped (250% increase from 2010 to 2012). On the availability of hydrogen, several technical challenges still remain concerning its production, storage and distribution. However, there is encouraging progress on the provision of hydrogen filling stations with about 208 available stations worldwide as of 2012, which will support the deployment of fuel cell vehicles. Thus, with the on-going serious academic research efforts, increasing investment by private companies and sustained governments’ support, the future for fuel cells and hydrogen technology looks bright.
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8

Koulouri, Anastasia y Nikolai Mouraviev. "Governance of the clean energy sector in Kazakhstan: impediments to investment". International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning 12, n.º 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtip.2018.094413.

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Mouraviev, Nikolai y Anastasia Koulouri. "Governance of the clean energy sector in Kazakhstan: impediments to investment". International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning 12, n.º 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtip.2018.10015618.

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10

Meneses, Alexander, Walter Vergara, Keisuke Hanaki, Mickiel Doorn, Eudes Hernández, Marcos Gryshek, Alfred Grunwaldt y Alejandro Deeb. "Application of the Clean Development Mechanism in the Sanitation Sector: “Proof of Concept”". CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 36, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2008): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.200700204.

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11

Cubillos-González, Rolando-Arturo y Grace Tiberio Cardoso. "Clean Technology Transfer and Innovation in Social Housing Production in Brazil and Colombia. A Framework from a Systematic Review". Sustainability 12, n.º 4 (12 de febrero de 2020): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041335.

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Over recent years in Brazil and Colombia, the social housing programs of these two countries have increasingly become directly related to the concept of green construction and seek to integrate with their respective laws. For example, a series of technological strategies allows bought countries to guarantee a reduction of the environmental impact of traditional construction technologies. Therefore, these actions try to answer the problems in the design of dwellings in Latin America. However, the construction sector reduced productivity and limited innovation in business. Some of the technological management processes in the social housing construction sector only consider the implementation of clean technologies tangentially. This situation is mainly because of general policies since they do not consider different local contexts. It is then worth asking: What impact do the processes of transfer of clean technologies have on social housing in Brazil and Colombia? This systematic review was carried out on scientific papers indexed by the science database from 2013 to 2019. The PRISMA method was applied to this review with an aim to propose a conceptual model for the transfer of clean technology in the production of social housing in Brazil and Colombia. Finally, we identify that the impact of clean technologies transfer on social housing is very low in these two countries.
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12

MARTINEZ-RODRIGUEZ, Maria C. y Maria C. VERA-MARTINEZ. "The clean energy economy: the labour market. Case study: Solar Energy". Espacios 41, n.º 50 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a20v41n50p24.

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Conventional energies are directly related to the use of fossil fuels, generating this type of energy entails alarming economic and environmental costs. Based on this, the transition to clean energy, implies modifications in the energy labour market. Specifically, we studied the large labour market that the solar industry can generate in Mexico, with the help of the 3R's methodology, we have adapted it to a circular economy focusing on the solar panels could be the main technology for this sector.
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13

PAUL, ANTHONY, KAREN PALMER y MATTHEW WOERMAN. "INCENTIVES, MARGINS, AND COST EFFECTIVENESS IN COMPREHENSIVE CLIMATE POLICY FOR THE POWER SECTOR". Climate Change Economics 06, n.º 04 (noviembre de 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500165.

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Substantially reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from electricity production will require a transformation of the resources used to produce power. Several different incentive-based policies have been proposed ranging from setting minimums for clean generation sources to maximum emission rate standards and caps on CO2 emissions, all of which are allowed under the EPA’s Clean Power Plan. This paper analyzes the economic consequences of a suite of different flexible and comprehensive policies to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector, including a carbon tax, a tradable emissions rate performance standard, and two versions of a clean energy standard (CES). Modeling results suggest that policies that encourage emissions reductions along multiple margins can be substantially more cost-effective than less flexible policies. The margins are intra and inter fuel, and technology substitution, electricity demand, and generator fuel efficiency. Despite cost differences, all of the policies result in substantial increases in social welfare.
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14

Noland, Jonas Kristiansen. "Hydrogen Electric Airplanes: A Disruptive Technological Path to Clean Up the Aviation Sector". IEEE Electrification Magazine 9, n.º 1 (marzo de 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2020.3047173.

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15

Ihara, I., R. Zhao, A. H. Pandyaswargo y H. Onoda. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Japan’s Climate Change Mitigation and Clean Technology Development Policies". Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 2, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v2i1.98.

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The energy sector has been the highest contributor of green-house gases (GHG) emission in Japan. To reduce GHG emissions, the development and applications of cleaner technologies sup-ported by effective policies are required. In this study, the effec-tiveness of Japanese government policies related to climate change mitigation especially in the technology development sec-tor was analyzed. To do so, two methodologies; 1) results-based approach (RBA) and 2) case-based approach (CBA) will be com-bined to test the effectiveness of government policies. This com-bination was conducted to fill the missing data required to con-duct the two methodologies. The merging of the two methodolo-gies produced indexes where the proximity of the performance of each policy measured to it would determine its effectiveness. In order to verify the results, the number of projects related to the policy took place over the years was also observed. The results show that the most effective policies were related to the follow-ing technologies: 1) Energy management, 2) Biomass energy pro-duction, and 3) Electric power storage.
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16

Park, Chankook y Minkyu Kim. "Characteristics Influencing Digital Technology Choice in Digitalization Projects of Energy Industry". Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0026.

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Abstract Digitalization projects are actively underway in the energy industry, such as the power industry and oil and gas industry. However, there has been no in-depth and quantitative analysis of the relationships between the participants, industry, and technology of digital projects. Therefore, this study focused on which technologies are invested according to key characteristics such as the types of participants and industries driving digitalization projects. This study also examined whether there are differences in technology choices depending on the degree of clean energy exposure. Based on statistics from Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), a total of 711 projects were analysed using multinomial logistic regression (MNLR). As a result, the proportion of Analytics software was generally higher in the whole industry, and the energy industry was more likely to invest in Analytics software than in other industries. Comparing the power, oil and gas sectors, there was a high probability of investment in Internet of Things (IoT) in the power sector and Automation in the oil and gas sector. In the type of cooperation between energy companies and industrial companies, the probability of investing in Analytics software was significantly higher. In the case of cooperation between energy companies and information and communications technology (ICT) companies, in the oil and gas sector, Analytics software and Cloud/Data accounted for a large proportion. This study provides insight into the effect of characteristics of energy digitalization projects on the technology choice.
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17

Allen, William L. y Bastian A. Vollmer. "Clean skins: Making the e-Border security assemblage". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, n.º 1 (3 de agosto de 2017): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817722565.

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How do border security practitioners engage with data and technology, and what difficulties or limitations arise from these engagements? Responding to calls for critically examining how technological ‘solutions’ are enacted, we analyse the notion of e-Borders in the UK context as an assemblage comprising abstract conditions, concrete objects, and agents whose roles often manifest themselves through perceptions and practices. We draw upon interviews with former and currently serving senior staff from the UK Home Office, UK Border Force, intelligence services, and private sector suppliers. Practitioners’ reflections reveal how political, social, and human factors—including intuition and management cultures—both construct the e-Border assemblage and introduce discontinuities and frictions within it. Using a more tightly specified theory of assemblage, we highlight how human agents contribute to datafied phenomena like border control. In total, our study emphasises how assemblages are dynamic, never entirely coherent, and always being re-made.
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18

Zimakov, A. V. "French Energy Sector in Search for Optimal Model". MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, n.º 5 (18 de noviembre de 2019): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-5-68-156-171.

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Clean energy transition is one of major transformation processes in the EU. There are different approaches among EU countries to decarbonization of their energy systems. The article deals with clean energy transition in France with the emphasis on power generation. While this transformation process is in line with similar developments in the EU, the Franch case has its distinct nature due to nuclear power domination in electricity production there. It represents a challenge for the current model as the transition is linked to a sharp drop of nuclear share in the power mix. It is important to understand the trajectory of further clean energy transition in France and its ultimate model. The article reviews the historical roots of the current model (which stems from Messmer plan of the 1970-es) and its development over years, as well as assesses its drawbacks and merits in order to outline possible future prospects. The conclusion is that the desired reduction of nuclear energy is linked not solely to greening process but has a complex of reasons, the ageing of nuclear reactors being one of them. Nuclear power remains an important low-carbon technology allowing France to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. A desired future energy model in France can be understood based on the analysis of new legislation and government action plans. The targeted model is expected to balance of nuclear and green energy in the generation mix in 50% to 40% proportion by 2035, with the rest left to gas power generation. Being pragmatic, French government aims at partial nuclear reactors shut down provided that this will not lead to the rise of GHG emissions, energy market distortions, or electricity price hikes. The balanced French model is believed to be a softer and socially comfortable option of low-carbon model.
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19

Mishra, Mukesh Kumar, Nilay Khare y Alka Bani Agrawal. "Scenario analysis of the CO2 emissions reduction potential through clean coal technology in India's power sector: 2014–2050". Energy Strategy Reviews 7 (abril de 2015): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2015.03.001.

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20

Mogensen, M. B., M. Chen, H. L. Frandsen, C. Graves, J. B. Hansen, K. V. Hansen, A. Hauch et al. "Reversible solid-oxide cells for clean and sustainable energy". Clean Energy 3, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2019): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkz023.

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Abstract This review gives first a brief view of the potential availability of sustainable energy. It is clear that over 100 times more solar photovoltaic energy than necessary is readily accessible and that practically available wind alone may deliver sufficient energy supply to the world. Due to the intermittency of these sources, effective and inexpensive energy-conversion and storage technology is needed. Motivation for the possible electrolysis application of reversible solid-oxide cells (RSOCs), including a comparison of power-to-fuel/fuel-to-power to other energy-conversion and storage technologies is presented. RSOC electrochemistry and chemistry of H2O, CO2, H2, CO, CnHm (hydrocarbons) and NH3, including thermodynamics and cell performance, are described. The mechanical strength of popular cell supports is outlined, and newly found stronger materials are mentioned. Common cell-degradation mechanisms, including the effect of common impurities in gases and materials (such as S and Si), plus the deleterious effects of carbon deposition in the fuel electrode are described followed by explanations of how to avoid or ease the consequences. Visions of how RSOCs powered by sustainable energy may be applied on a large scale for the transportation sector via power-to-fuel technology and for integration with the electrical grid together with seasonal storage are presented. Finally, a brief comparison of RSOCs to other electrolysis cells and an outlook with examples of actions necessary to commercialize RSOC applications are sketched.
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21

DE SIMÓN MARTÍN, MIGUEL, BRIAN RAYMUNDO CORTES NAVA, RAUL RODRIGUEZ PARRA y FRANCISCO CARRO DE LORENZO. "THE ROLE OF GREEN HYDROGEN IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION OF THE INDUSTRY". DYNA 96, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9890.

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Expectations for hydrogen as a clean substitute of fossil fuels can be met in a very near future, driven by the inevitable energy transition towards a decarbonized economy. The green hydrogen technology will play a fundamental role in transport, residential uses and, in a very relevant way, the industrial sector. This work aims to carry out an updated review of the possibilities of green hydrogen in the industrial sector to achieve the objectives of the energy transition and identify both the opportunities, barriers and development needs of this technology. Keywords: Hydrogen, industry, energy transition, decarbonization, fuel cell, green hydrogen, renewable energy sources, energy storage
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22

Vasi, Ion Bogdan y Brayden King. "Technology stigma and secondary stakeholder activism: the adoption and growth of clean power programs in the U.S. utility sector". Socio-Economic Review 17, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwz021.

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23

BOSETTI, VALENTINA, RUBEN LUBOWSKI, ALEXANDER GOLUB y ANIL MARKANDYA. "Linking reduced deforestation and a global carbon market: implications for clean energy technology and policy flexibility". Environment and Development Economics 16, n.º 4 (8 de febrero de 2011): 479–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x10000549.

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ABSTRACTThis study uses a global climate-energy-economy model to investigate potential implications of linking credits from reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries to a global carbon market, focusing on reducing emissions from deforestation (RED) and effects on energy technology innovation. Integrating RED into a global carbon market lowers the estimated total costs of a policy to achieve 535 ppmv of CO2-equivalent concentrations in 2100 by up to 25 per cent. Alternatively, a global RED program could enable additional reductions of about 20 ppmv by 2100 with no added costs compared with an energy-sector-only policy. The results indicate that market linkage of RED induces modest reductions in clean energy innovation overall but slightly enhances development of particular technologies, including carbon capture and storage. We also find that RED in combination with credit banking encourages greater mitigation in the near term, enhancing flexibility to potentially tighten emission targets at lower cost in response to future information.
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24

Tagotra, Niharika. "The Political Economy of Renewable Energy: Prospects and Challenges for the Renewable Energy Sector in India Post-Paris Negotiations". India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73, n.º 1 (marzo de 2017): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928416686584.

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The global emphasis on reduction in carbon footprint has brought the issue of clean energy back into focus. There are two most notable aspects of the debate. The first aspect concerns the tension it has generated globally between the green energy industry and the traditional energy industries while the second aspect of the debate concerns the developing countries, which lack the necessary infrastructure and technology to make the transition to clean energy. This transition amounts to a remarkable shift in the socio-economic paradigms of developing nations like India which have a largely carbon-based economy. In this article, we study the global transition to clean energy using the political economy framework, wherein we analyse the role played by international regimes, national governments and energy companies in facilitating or inhibiting this transition. We also try and ponder over the impact this transition has on emerging economies like India and how they seek to cope with this while resolving the tension between economic growth and sustainability.
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25

González Santaló, José Miguel. "CCS, A Needed Technology for the Mexican Electrical Sector: Sustainability and Local Industry Participation". International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 1277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2016-0022.

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Abstract The plans for developing the electrical sector in México are reviewed and compared with the targets set up for emissions and for participation of clean energies in the electrical generation considering a time horizon up to year 2050. The options required to meet the targets are discussed, with particular emphasis on the necessity for CCS. The electrical sector in México is one of fast growth, with the installed capacity essentially doubling over the next 15 years. This growth has to be compatible with the commitments that the country has made to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Sector’s development strategy includes new technologies such as renewables, nuclear energy and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), in amounts larger than the minimum values established in the legislation. It is also concluded that CCS will be a necessity for Mexico. It is proposed that the energy policies to be established should be accompanied by industrial development policies, in order to maximize the participation of the Mexican Industry in the supply chain of the energy systems.
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Apolonia, Maria, Rhoda Fofack-Garcia, Donald R. Noble, Jonathan Hodges y Francisco X. Correia da Fonseca. "Legal and Political Barriers and Enablers to the Deployment of Marine Renewable Energy". Energies 14, n.º 16 (10 de agosto de 2021): 4896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164896.

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Ocean energy is a promising source of clean renewable energy, with clear development targets set by the European Commission. However, the ocean energy sector faces non-technological challenges and opportunities that are frequently overlooked in deployment plans. The present study aimed to provide a critical evaluation of the ocean energy sector’s legal, institutional, and political frameworks with an identification and analysis of both barriers and enabling features for the deployment of ocean energy. In the first stage, a literature review on the current political and regulatory frameworks of a set of European countries was carried out, setting the basis for the main challenges and enabling factors faced by the sector. Secondly, a critical analysis of the main non-technological barriers and enablers was performed, which was supported by questionnaires sent to regulators, technology developers, and test-site managers. This questionnaire allowed us to collect and integrate the views, perceptions, and personal experiences of the main stakeholders of the ocean energy sector in the analysis. The most relevant insights were collected to guide future policy instruments, supports, and consenting measures in a more informed and effective manner and to help accelerate the development of the sector.
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Limmeechokchai, Bundit, Somporn Tanatvan y Ram M. Shrestha. "MITIGATING CO EMISSIONS FROM THE POWER SECTOR: LEAST-COST ANALYSIS OF POLICY OPTIONS IN THAILAND". ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 19, n.º 1 (10 de diciembre de 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.331.

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Traditionally, the method used in the electricity generation expansion planning has concentrated only on the supply-side options to identify the sequence of generation additions meet the forecasted demand at a minimum cost. Electricity generation expansion planning with both supply- and demand-side options, commonly known as integrated resource planning are also being used in some developed countries. With growing environmental concerns, especially the emission of air-pollutants from the power generation, demand-side management and clean and efficient generation technology options in the power sector development are getting increasing attention. In this paper, we compare the traditional planning approach with integrated resource planning. We also analyze the implications of CO2 reduction targets for the power sector development in the framework of supply side planning by including clean supply-side technologies as candidate plants. During the planning horizon, generation capacity of 365 MW and a cumulative electricity generation or 61,681 GWh would be avoided through the use of efficient demand-side technologies compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) case. When the clean supply-side options considered in the least-cost planning process, three units of 100-MW biomass-based plants are selected. The long run average cost of generation is found to increase by 0.32, 0.65 and 1.61% at the level of CO2 emission reduction target of 5, 10, and 20%, respectively.
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28

Blignaut, J. N. y T. De Wet. "Some recommendations towards reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2001): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i2.3295.

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This paper investigates the means of reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector. It concludes that neither the price of electricity, nor taxes, subsidies or legislation are likely to bring about the required change. A change in the production structure using relatively more labour and less capital is also unlikely in the immediate future, given the socioeconomic and legislative milieu currently prevailing in South Africa. The only feasible solution that seems likely is a change in technology, which includes the more efficient use of electricity. Given the possible international agreement regarding global climate change commitments and procedures, clean development mechanisms may therefore yet provide the answer.
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Kemu, Suparman Zen. "PERKEMBANGAN FDI KE INDONESIA DAN LANGKAH KEBIJAKAN YANG DIPERLUKAN". Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 15, n.º 2 (9 de noviembre de 2015): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v15i2.92.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI] plays an important role in Indonesia economy, since it brings not only capital but also technology and marketing network. Indonesian economy also transforms from the poor country to low middle income country since early 1970's. From the observation, writer recognized that in 2010, the FDI to Indonesia grows quite significant. Three sectors' namely manufacture, mining, and transportation are the important sector that attracted more foreign investor. However, other minor sectors such as electricity, energy, and clean water still record low value since they are still dominated by state own enterprises. To this extence, government of Indonesia has to relax the monopoly of SOE to these sectors and give the opportunity to FDI to involve in these businesses. This year, Government is processing the regulation regarding tax holiday incentives that expected to boost further FDI to Indonesia.
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30

Isik, Mine y P. Ozge Kaplan. "Understanding Technology, Fuel, Market and Policy Drivers for New York State’s Power Sector Transformation". Sustainability 13, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010265.

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A thorough understanding of the drivers that affect the emission levels from electricity generation, support sound design and the implementation of further emission reduction goals are presented here. For instance, New York State has already committed a transition to 100% clean energy by 2040. This paper identifies the relationships among driving factors and the changes in emissions levels between 1990 and 2050 using the logarithmic mean divisia index analysis. The analysis relies on historical data and outputs from techno-economic-energy system modeling to elucidate future power sector pathways. Three scenarios, including a business-as-usual scenario and two policy scenarios, explore the changes in utility structure, efficiency, fuel type, generation, and emission factors, considering the non-fossil-based technology options and air regulations. We present retrospective and prospective analysis of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions for the New York State’s power sector. Based on our findings, although the intensity varies by period and emission type, in aggregate, fossil fuel mix change can be defined as the main contributor to reduce emissions. Electricity generation level variations and technical efficiency have relatively smaller impacts. We also observe that increased emissions due to nuclear phase-out will be avoided by the onshore and offshore wind with a lower fraction met by solar until 2050.
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31

In, Soh Young, Ashby H. B. Monk y Janelle Knox-Hayes. "Financing Energy Innovation: The Need for New Intermediaries in Clean Energy". Sustainability 12, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2020): 10440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410440.

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This study aims to advance the understanding of and address the valley of death that is significantly widening in the clean energy domain due to its financing challenges. We conduct a case study on three new investment vehicles in the US energy sector (First Look Fund by Activate, Prime Impact Fund by Prime Coalition, and Aligned Climate Capital), which set their missions to contribute to bridging the valley of death in clean energy. While three cases focus on different technological development phases, they raise a consistent point that investment opportunities (and risks) are not assigned to the appropriate investors. We argue that current financial intermediaries have failed to effectively channel funding sources to entrepreneurs, as we evidence network fragmentation and information asymmetries among investor groups and companies. Therefore, we propose three intermediary functions that can facilitate intelligent and effective information flow among investors throughout the entire energy technology development cycle. Our findings highlight the emergence of collaborative platforms as critical pillars to address financing issues among new energy ventures.
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32

Peksen, Murat. "Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles". Energies 14, n.º 16 (10 de agosto de 2021): 4892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164892.

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The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the fact that 71.27% of hydrogen is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is a promising clean way to contribute to and maintain a climate neutral ecosystem. Thereby, reaching CO2 targets for 2030 and beyond requires cross-sectoral changes. However, the strong motivation of governments for climate neutrality is challenging many sectors. One of them is the transport sector, as it is challenged to find viable all-in solutions that satisfy social, economic, and sustainable requirements. Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. In Europe, 50% of the total emissions result from mobility. The following article reviews the background, ongoing challenges and potentials of new energy vehicles towards the development of an environmentally friendly hydrogen economy. A change management process mindset has been adapted to discuss the key scientific and commercial challenges for a successful transition.
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33

Blackman, Allen y Geoffrey J. Bannister. "Community Pressure and Clean Technology in the Informal Sector: An Econometric Analysis of the Adoption of Propane by Traditional Mexican Brickmakers". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 35, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1998.1019.

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34

Malla, Sunil. "An outlook of end-use energy demand based on a clean energy and technology transformation of the household sector in Nepal". Energy 238 (enero de 2022): 121810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121810.

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35

FUSS, SABINE, JANA SZOLGAYOVA, ALEXANDER GOLUB y MICHAEL OBERSTEINER. "Options on low-cost abatement and investment in the energy sector: new perspectives on REDD". Environment and Development Economics 16, n.º 4 (26 de octubre de 2010): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x10000410.

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ABSTRACTDeforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was officially recognized in 2007, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation. Concerns about the effects that the availability of low-cost REDD credits might have on energy investments, and the development of clean technology constitute the main motivation of this paper. We analyze the production side of the problem with the help of a real options model with an option to invest in less carbon-intensive energy technology and an option to purchase credits on REDD, which will (or will not) be exercised in the future. Unresolved questions can thus still be addressed later, while producers and investors hold REDD options to maintain flexibility for later decisions.
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36

Wrochna, Grzegorz, Michael Fütterer y Dominique Hittner. "Nuclear cogeneration with high temperature reactors". EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019023.

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Clean energy production is a challenge, which was so far addressed mainly in the electric power sector. More energy is needed in the form of heat for both district heating and industry. Nuclear power is the only technology fulfilling all 3 sustainability dimensions, namely economy, security of supply and environment. In this context, the European Nuclear Cogeneration Industrial Initiative (NC2I) has launched the projects NC2I-R and GEMINI+ aiming to prepare the deployment of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR) for this purpose.
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37

de Aguiar, Mariane Costalonga, Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli, Michelle Pereira Babisk, Veronica Scarpini Candido, Sergio Neves Monteiro y Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira. "Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Granite Waste Obtained from Diamond Multi-Wire Sawing Technology". Materials Science Forum 775-776 (enero de 2014): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.648.

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The technology of subdividing stone blocks by diamond multi-wire sawing has recently been used by the ornamental stone industrial sector in the state of Espirito Santo, southeast of Brazil. The waste generated by this sawing procedure is iron free and relatively clean as compared to other stone processing operations. In principle, the diamond multi-wire sawn waste could be a viable alternative of incorporation into clays ceramics. The possibility of incorporating up to 40 wt% of a granite waste generated from diamond multi-wire sawing into clay ceramics, fabricated in the neighbor state of Rio de Janeiro, was investigated in this work. The incorporated ceramics were fired at 750, 950 and 1050oC. The apparent density, liner shrinkage and flexural strength were evaluated. The results indicated that the incorporation of the waste improved the ceramic properties, particularly at 1050oC.
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38

Felseghi, Raluca-Andreea, Elena Carcadea, Maria Simona Raboaca, Cătălin Nicolae TRUFIN y Constantin Filote. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications". Energies 12, n.º 23 (3 de diciembre de 2019): 4593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234593.

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The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. The stationary applications sector is one of the most important energy consumers. Harnessing the potential of renewable energy worldwide is currently being considered to find alternatives for obtaining energy by using technologies that offer maximum efficiency and minimum pollution. In this context, new energy generation technologies are needed to both generate low carbon emissions, as well as identifying, planning and implementing the directions for harnessing the potential of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the alternative solutions for future clean energy systems. This article reviews the specific characteristics of hydrogen energy, which recommends it as a clean energy to power stationary applications. The aim of review was to provide an overview of the sustainability elements and the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative energy source for stationary applications, and for identifying the possibilities of increasing the share of hydrogen energy in stationary applications, respectively. As a study method was applied a SWOT analysis, following which a series of strategies that could be adopted in order to increase the degree of use of hydrogen energy as an alternative to the classical energy for stationary applications were recommended. The SWOT analysis conducted in the present study highlights that the implementation of the hydrogen economy depends decisively on the following main factors: legislative framework, energy decision makers, information and interest from the end beneficiaries, potential investors, and existence of specialists in this field.
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39

Tkáč, Štefan. "Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology". Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 13, s1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2018-0011.

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Abstract Despite the long history of hydropower technology and rising number of system harvesting energy from alternative sources, the constant research within hydro power sector becoming increasingly important as the power from water was and still is the leading alternative source of green energy generation, capitalized not necessarily within micro-urban structures only. The advantages of hydro systems involve their relatively low acquisition cost against durability, the possibility of gaining energy independence, relatively high flexibility and adaptability for spatial conditions and energy demands of the end users. Nowadays micro hydro systems could capitalize head range starting at 100cm and the efficiency of hydro systems in general ranges between 65-75% in micro and small applications climbing up to 96% in macro designs. It is mostly due to flexibility in applications, adaptability in combinations with other renewable energy systems and the ability to generate clean, stable, thus reliable energy that makes technical development the most vibrant and noticeable in the micro sphere.
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40

Tapas Kumar Choudhury. "Trend & Mind-Set that India’s Central Science & Technology Sector & Further Need". Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 9, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2018): 23–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2018.91002.

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The ability to innovate and deploy globally competitive technologies has been recognized as the next key driver of global economic change in the emerging knowledge economy. While science is scholarship driven, technology and innovation are market and competition driven, respectively. Currently, Indian Research and Development landscape is largely influenced by the character of public funded research and selection of R&D priorities is mostly supply driven. The private sector investment into R&D have been marginal. Therefore, demand driven component of R&D goals has been limited. Policy, strategy and tools are required to stimulate larger investment into demand driven R&D goals. Energy sector invests far too into R&D, although industrial turn over in the sector is extremely high. Promotion of public- private partnership into R&D and clean energy is a critical component of India’s competitiveness in global trade and industrial growth. New strategies and tools are required to stimulate engagement of private sector into R&D and enhance the share of private sector investment from the current 26% of India’s R&D spend to at least 50% during the 2012-17 period. The larger share of public investments into R&D could also be leveraged by focusing of R&D for public and social ‘good priorities of the country. There is an un-tapped opportunity for India to emerge as a global leader in affordable innovations under PPP by focusing on R&D for public and social goods in the areas of agriculture and food security, water, energy, affordable health care, education, environment, renovation of urban infrastructure, S&T inputs to rural development etc. Residual idealism among the youth and vast talent base offer an opportunity for the R&D sector in: the country to gain leadership in affordable and social innovations. Coming five years should lead to the creation of an innovation ecosystem most suited to the developmental phase of the country. Such an ecosystem should be complete with new responses to risk averse nature of the society, delivery models for innovative deployment of technologies, business models for financing deployment of innovations and adjustments in governance and management models for supporting strategic goals of innovations. The approach for R&D sector should address all’ stages of life cycles of ideas; from creation to commercialization and value creation. Thiswould call for paradigm shifts in approaches of planning for R&D in India during the Twelfth Five Year Plan period.
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41

Srivastava, A. K., Ram M. Shrestha, S. C. Srivastava, Rabin Shrestha y Dharam Paul. "Power sector development in India with CO2 emission targets: Effects of regional grid integration and the role of clean technologies". International Journal of Energy Research 27, n.º 7 (2003): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.905.

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42

Chen, Kimball C., Matthew Leach, Mairi J. Black, Meron Tesfamichael, Francis Kemausuor, Patrick Littlewood, Terry Marker et al. "BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing". Energies 14, n.º 13 (30 de junio de 2021): 3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133916.

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Energy supply for clean cooking is a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, i.e., propane or butane or a mixture of both) is an economically efficient, cooking energy solution used by over 2.5 billion people worldwide and scaled up in numerous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Investigation of the technical, policy, economic and physical requirements of producing LPG from renewable feedstocks (bioLPG) finds feasibility at scale in Africa. Biogas and syngas from the circular economic repurposing of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste can be used in two groundbreaking new chemical processes (Cool LPG or Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)) to selectively produce bioLPG. Evidence about the nature and scale potential of bioLPG presented in this study justifies further investment in the development of bioLPG as a fuel that can make a major contribution toward enabling an SSA green economy and universal energy access. Techno-economic assessments of five potential projects from Ghana, Kenya and Rwanda illustrate what might be possible. BioLPG technology is in the early days of development, so normal technology piloting and de-risking need to be undertaken. However, fully developed bioLPG production could greatly reduce the public and private sector investment required to significantly increase SSA clean cooking capacity.
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43

Sobczyk, Eugeniusz J., Aldona Wota, Michał Kopacz y Jarosław Frączek. "Clean Coal Technologies – a chance for Poland’s energy security. Decision-making using AHP with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risk Analysis". Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, n.º 3 (26 de septiembre de 2017): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0039.

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AbstractThe comprehensive use of available domestic energy resources, mainly coal and lignite, is the basis for the development of Poland’s economy and energy security due to the country’s large resource base. The implementation of clean coal technologies (CCT) is a necessary condition for maintaining coal’s leading position in Poland. Coal gasification technologies are seen as potentially attractive for the Polish economy, both for the chemical sector as well as for the mining sector. Working on the commercial implementation of coal gasification technologies, which ensures the effective substitution of scarce hydrocarbon fuels, will be a challenge to Polish industrial policy and support for CCT. This paper presents an analysis of coal gasification technologies using the decision support procedures, BOCR and SWOT analyses. These procedures helped determine the ranking of technologies and the types of development strategies plausible for the analysed technological variants. Taking into consideration the conditions of the Polish economy, the highest-ranking technologies included those aimed towards the production of methanol with the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CCS). In the case of underground coal gasification, it was found that the technology is not yet ready for implementation on a commercial scale and investment is subject to very high risk.
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44

Kardono, Kardono. "IDENTIFYING LOW CARBON TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA". Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 15, n.º 1 (13 de diciembre de 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v15i1.1456.

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As a developing country, Indonesia has voluntarily committed to reduce its green-house gases(GHGs) emissions by 26% with its self-financing, or 41% with addition of foreign aids, by year 2020.This target will carry consequences for Indonesia to make an action plan and at the same time tochoose which low carbon technologies (LCTs) are employed in reducing its GHGs. This paper willfocus on introducing LCTs for energy sector of Indonesia. LCTs option for reducing CO2 emissionin Indonesia is suggested for both energy supply and energy demand sides. Energy technology forsupply side is prioritized for clean coal, geothermal and renewable energy technologies includingtechnologies for biomass, hydro, wind and solar. Prioritized energy technology for demand sideis applied to energy efficiency for industries, residential and commercial buildings. Besides, softtechnologies such as energy audit, energy rating and labeling are also proposed. For public bustransportation and taxi, a cleaner fuel of gas as a substitution to fossil fuel or gasoline is highlysuggested to be used. Transport demand management is also proposed to be improved, like usingintelligent transportation system (ITS) and mass rapid transport system (MRTS)
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45

Čukić, Iva, Chris Kypridemos, Alex W. Evans, Daniel Pope y Elisa Puzzolo. "Towards Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Universal Access to Clean Modern Energy”: National Strategy in Rwanda to Scale Clean Cooking with Bottled Gas". Energies 14, n.º 15 (28 de julio de 2021): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154582.

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More than 90% of Rwandans rely on polluting solid fuels to meet their cooking needs. The negative impacts on health, climate, and the environment have led the Rwandan government to set a target of halving that number to 42% by 2024. A National Master Plan to promote scale up of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been developed to define (i) the necessary market conditions, (ii) public and private sector interventions, and (iii) the expected societal impacts. Findings are reported from modelling scenarios of scaling LPG use towards the 2024 policy target and the 2030 target for “universal access to clean modern energy” (SDG7). Household LPG use is projected to increase from 5.6% in 2020 to 13.2% by 2024 and 38.5% by 2030. This level of adoption could result in a reduction of 7656 premature deaths and 403,664 disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), as well as 243 million trees saved. Reductions in carbon dioxide and black carbon emissions equivalents (CO2e and BCe, respectively) are estimated to reach 25.6 million MT and 14.9 MT, respectively, by 2030. While aggressive policy intervention is required, the health, environmental, and developmental benefits are clear. Implementation of the Rwanda National LPG Master Plan will provide a model for other sub-Saharan African countries to address the priorities for cessation of reliance on solid fuels as an energy source.
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46

Higgs, W. G. y P. E. Prass. "AUSTRALIAN GTL CLEAN DIESEL: A STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FOR AUSTRALIA’S STRANDED GAS RESERVES". APPEA Journal 42, n.º 2 (2002): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01064.

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Australia’s lack of gas supply infrastructure and market opportunities means that in the northwest of our nation more than 100 trillion cubic feet of gas remains uncommitted to customer contracts.Because of Western Australia’s relatively small domestic gas markets and the long transport distances to larger markets, the belief has been that only the LNG industry has the scale to monetise the large volumes of gas required to underpin greenfield developments and expansion of gas supply infrastructure.Changing fuel specifications around the world, combined with the limited opportunities for new LNG contracts, has renewed interest in gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology as an alternative to crude oil refining for a source of clean and efficient transport fuels. GTL is an exciting new market opportunity for Australian gas.Exploration interest in Australia appears to be waning. Declining opportunities for oil discoveries and the lack of markets for natural gas make investments in Australia’s upstream sector unattractive compared to other locations around the world.In addition, Australia has dwindling crude oil supplies and faces the prospect of increasing reliance on imported crude oil and refined products. An Australian GTL Clean Diesel industry can help overcome these hurdles by creating a designer blendstock and a valuable new GTL Clean Diesel export industry.A GTL Clean Diesel industry would not only help resolve many of Australia’s current upstream and downstream problems in the petroleum industry, but would also provide massive economic benefits to Australia.This paper will look not only at the making but also the marketing of this fuel of the future.
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47

Smith, David J. "The sustainable and green engine (SAGE) – Aircraft engine of the future?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, n.º 4 (23 de octubre de 2016): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316672601.

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The case of the European Union’s (EU) Clean Sky initiative and its sustainable and green engine programme focuses on a sector where the implications of climate change are likely to be keenly felt in the coming decades, namely air transport. It is a sector where to date there have been few green or eco innovations. The case focuses on a current EU-funded initiative designed to limit the impact of air transport on climate change. The initiative aims to foster innovation through the introduction of open rotor technology to power the next generation of short-/medium-haul airliners. This technology could potentially cut carbon dioxide emissions from commercial aircraft by 100 million tonnes per year. However, it may also prove to be a disruptive technology rendering existing aircraft and possibly some of the firms that produce them, obsolete. As well as introducing some of the features of disruptive technologies, the case highlights both the drivers for and barriers to the successful adoption of green innovations. Another important aspect of the case is that it also highlights the value of appropriate business strategies, such as the use of technology demonstrator programmes, in supporting and facilitating the adoption and diffusion of green innovations.
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48

Park, Jiyong, Taeyoung Jin, Sungin Lee y Jongroul Woo. "Industrial Electrification and Efficiency: Decomposition Evidence from the Korean Industrial Sector". Energies 14, n.º 16 (19 de agosto de 2021): 5120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165120.

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For this study, we conducted a decomposition analysis of industrial electricity consumption based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index approach. An empirical dataset consisting of 11 industrial sectors in Korea from 2000 to 2018 was used. The three-factor decomposition equation was extended to include four factors by decomposing the energy intensity effect into electrification and electricity consumption efficiency effects. The empirical results are summarized as follows: The increase in electricity consumption in the Korean industrial sector from 2000 to 2018 is mostly caused by the production effect. While the structure effect decreases electricity consumption, the intensity effect increases it. The key findings indicate that the hidden electrification effect can be confusing to researchers with regard to the intensity effect. The empirical evidence suggests that the intensity effect has a positive effect on electricity consumption induced by the electrification effect, although the efficiency effect continuously decreased electricity consumption. The decomposition results of some sectors show that electrification, rather than the production effect, contributed the most to the increase in electricity consumption. This implies that while replacing fuel with electricity has been successfully achieved in several sectors, there are still challenges regarding increasing energy efficiency and expanding clean electricity generation.
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49

Kida, Nakije. "The Positive Impact of FDI in Many Sectors of The Economy that Kosovo but not in Living Standards and The Environment". Journal of Business Theory and Practice 2, n.º 2 (17 de mayo de 2014): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v2n2p195.

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<em>In this paper is investigated Kosovo great desire to integrate into the global network of investment after a war. FDI flows continue to be provided for development of Kosovo. The development of manufacturing sector and processing industry and tourism in some territories of Kosovo is also a challenge that must be resolved because it will affect economic development, employment generation continued. Withdrawal of modern technology in these sectors would help in maintaining the balance between the different benefits and a clean environment. Environmental concerns caused by FDI in some territories of Kosovo are fundamental problems that require solutions. Elimination of barriers to FDI, the strengths and weaknesses that were offered to investors are the primary issues that attract investment. Except FDI are in positive correlation with GDP, at the national level factors of human resource allocation are important in the territories where the population movement due to the economic stagnation, and such cases can be found in Kosovo.</em>
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50

Shakya, Shree Raj. "Economy-wide Implications of Low Carbon Electricity Based Mass Transport in Nepal". Journal of the Institute of Engineering 9, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2014): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10679.

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Development of low carbon electricity based mass transport is considered as one of the promising options for perusing the low carbon development (LCD) path in 21st century by the global communities. But long term economy-wide implications of such policy is very much country specifics citing their variations in the availability and tapping potential of indigenous clean energy resources, access to the clean technologies, affordability and acceptability of such technologies, and so on. This paper studies the economy-wide consequences of introducing different levels of electrified mass transport systems in Nepal on the long term basis. The study develops and uses a multi-sector, single region, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of Nepal (Nepal-TRNSCGE) with technology level disaggregation in the transport and electricity sectors. The study indicates that under transport electrification scenarios consisting of 10% to 30% electrification of the transport sector as compared to the base case by 2050, the country would benefit economically with the value of cumulative undiscounted GDP increasing in the range of 2.6% to 3.1% and the value of cumulative undiscounted equivalent variation in income (household welfare) increasing in the range of 25.3% to 147.9% during 2005 to 2050. The policy would promote energy efficiency improvement and cleaner economic development with significant reduction in the energy intensity of GDP in the range of 3.1% to 4.1% and greenhouse gas intensity of GDP in the range of 4.7% to 7.1%. This highlights the potential role of low carbon electricity based transport in achieving the LCD path in the country. Introducing foreign direct investment would further increase GDP but reduce household welfare. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10679Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 142–165
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