Tesis sobre el tema "Climat"
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Daniel, Maxime. "Villes, climat urbain et climat régional sur la France : étude par une approche de modélisation climatique couplée". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30278/document.
Texto completoGreenhouse gas emissions generated by cities play a major role in climate change at a global scale. But cities can also influence the climate at the local and regional scales as they reflect an alteration of land-use that modifies the thermodynamic exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. Impact studies in urban areas focus mainly on the effects of climate change on the local climate of cities (and more broadly on a range of environmental dimensions) using approaches that do not account for the feedback with the atmosphere. The high horizontal resolutions reached by regional climate models make it relevant to include explicit modeling of cities to address city/climate interactions. Coupling the ALADIN regional climate model ALADIN (12 km horizontal resolution) with the SURFEX modeling platform integrating the model of urban canopy TEB allows to evaluate the impact of the urbanization at the regional scale. Sensitivity analyses that compare different urban canopy modeling shows that cities significantly modify the near-surface air temperature. The largest French cities induce a warming day and night, which extends beyond the limits of the city and affects the environment on a regional scale. Comparison of the simulations with long-term time series of observations on the Paris region reveals that the explicit modeling of urban processes with TEB improve the daily dynamics of the urban heat island and its nocturnal intensity compare to the conventional approach of climate models that describes cities as rock. The activation of TEB in the ALADIN model thus makes it possible to represent the impact of cities on the regional climate. Nevertheless, impact studies of climate change on cities require a further downscalling. A simulation was carried out with the AROME model coupled with SURFEX (TEB) at 2.5 km and 1.3 km resolution on the agglomeration of Toulouse for the period covering the CAPITOUL experimental campaign (2004-2005). The benefits of urban parametrization are confirmed. The tests carried out on the different versions of TEB highlight the high sensitivity of the model's performance to the quality of the AROME atmospheric simulations and the accuracy of the surface description. For these resolutions and with the current databases, the most detail parametrization of TEB (turbulent exchanges in the urban canopy, building energy budget, explicit vegetation) do not seem relevant compared to the historical version. New develompents could thus benefits to the AROME-Climat configuration with SURFEX (TEB). In particular, The physics and dynamics of the atmospheric model as well as the accuracy of the databases could be improved. At the same time, various downscalling methods at very high resolution on the cities are envisaged to enhance the spatial resolution needed by the impact studies
Vögeli, Natalie. "Weathering and climate in the Himalaya since the Miocene - Insights from foreland basin sediments". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU033/document.
Texto completoThe Himalaya orogen has major impact on global and regional climate and acts as an orographic barrier for atmospheric circulations. The interplay of the Asian monsoon system and the tectonic evolution of the mountain belt make it an ideal laboratory to study interactions between tectonics, climate and erosion, and its implications on weathering and atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Lateral variations in exhumation rates have been observed and studies on paleoclimate have been conducted in the central and western Himalaya, but the onset, the evolution and the characteristics of the monsoonal climate are still debated. Paleo weathering rates and intensities are challenging to reconstruct and remain poorly studied, especially in the eastern part of the orogen.This thesis focuses on lateral variations in climate, weathering and vegetation along the Himalayan mountain range, on weathering regimes in the eastern Himalaya since Miocene times, and on the implications for the evolution of the Asian monsoon. The foreland basin sediments of the pre-Siwalik and Siwalik Groups contain a record of tectonics and paleoclimate. The approach focuses on a direct west-east comparison; we therefore sampled three previously dated sedimentary sections in the western Himalaya, namely the Joginder Nagar, Jawalamukhi and Haripur Kolar, which combine into a timespan of 20 Ma, and the Kameng river section in the east, which spans over the last 13 Ma.Stable carbon isotopes on organic matter are used to reconstruct changes in vegetation. Stable carbon isotopes show important lateral variations, with a change toward more positive values in the west at ~7 Ma and in contrast no change in the east, indicating a change in vegetation from C3 to C4 plant in the west but not in the east. These variations implicate a change towards a dryer and more seasonal climate in the western Himalaya, whereas the climate in the eastern part remained too humid for C4 plants to evolve, due to its proximity to moisture source (Bay of Bengal).In order to reconstruct paleo weathering regimes by analyzing foreland basin sediments, it is important to take into account changes in provenance and possible influences of burial diagenesis. Results of heavy-mineral and petrographic analyses of the Kameng section provide better insight into diagenesis and provenance, showing that the older part of the Kameng section is influenced by diagenesis. Changes in provenance do not correlate with changes in clay mineralogy and major elements, which are therefore indicating an overall increase in weathering over time, with a remarkable change at ~8 Ma.The compilation of the three sections in the west represent one of the longest sedimentary records in the Himalayas, spanning over 20 Ma. Clay minerals show similar trends in the west and the east, indicating the development of a more seasonal climate starting at ~8 Ma. Major elements show a trend toward stronger weathering over time in the west and the east, but the western Himalaya are generally more weathered than in the east, which is consistent with the interpretation of the stable carbon isotope data, suggesting the climate to be more humid in the east. More runoff and erosion inhibit extensive weathering of the sediments, whereas dry sea sons with little runoff allow sediments to weather.Lithium isotopic compositions were measured on bulk sediments as a new approach to reconstruct chemical weathering rates, applied for the first time on Siwalik sediments. Results show a change in weathering intensity in the west, where lithium isotopic values become more positive over time, whereas, they stay relatively constant in the east. More positive values in the west, suggest that the system becomes more weathering-limited and more incongruent
Deruaz-Pépin, Philippe. "Climat marin et aérosols". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20203.
Texto completoKarrouk, Mohammed Said. "Le Climat de la péninsule tingitane les bilans climatiques /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606339p.
Texto completoDerraz, Khalid. "Transition du climat méditerranéen au climat aride dans le Moyen Atlas marocain : étude phytoclimatique". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070018.
Texto completoWe attemps to detect the flora variation in relation with these the climate in oriental moroccan middle atlas moutains. It cu be seen from the analysis of the horizontal distribution of species along continuons sampling transect across the atlasic massif two flor isties majors boundary : the first in the west on the nw side of ichramouz, the second on the southn peidmont of bon-naceur above the arid moulouyan. It can be obtained from the climatic study two regionals group the fist oriental group principally waterd by disturbs situations from east ti south combined with the east regionals flows. The second occidental groupe rather favoured by disturbs situations from north to west-with nw regionals flows. Finally, it can be obtained from these two analysis three sectors well individualized ; one sector of the lower montains inthe occidental, one sector of the high mountains, and at last one moulouyan sector. The climatic individuality has an effect upon clearly on vegetation stuture, the way of the variation of this one strows the accelerations about level the transition from one sector to the other one and the stowing along the central sector
Bock, Olivier. "GNSS: géodésie, météorologie et climat". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851617.
Texto completoHazoui, Ahmed. "Caractéristiques solaires du climat marocain". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX23001.
Texto completoThe difficulties that have faced our study of the solar climate are twofold: firstly, the 23 heliographic moroccan stations are not well distributed, which gives rise to some disparity whose consequence is that certain region are less, or not at all - covered. Secondly, the series of data (1960-1979) that are at our disposal concerning the insolation duration are particularly inedequate, owing to technical insufficiencies technical or not. We have made use of the method that is recommended by perrin de bricham- baut ch. , which has led us, in accord with his directives, to take account only of the series the gaps of which hardly exceed five days by month. On the level of the frequency of the insolation ratio, we have adopted the scales 0,1 and 0,2 to designate weak insolation, and 0,8 to designate strong insolation. This shows that morocco is a country that is highly sunlit, compared to other countries that are situated in the north of the mediterranean sea. We have computed "calendriers de probalites" and drawn maps of the deferent insolation ratios. With regard to the global irradiation, we posses data only two stations: casablanca-anfa (1970-1981) and beni-mellal (1978-1981), the characteristical features of which were investigated. We assess a close relationship between
Degryse, Joris. "Le régime juridique du climat". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR30003.
Texto completoThe present thesis originates from the observation of the discrepancy between the universal nature of global warming and the decentralized structure of the international society. Humanity as a whole faces a serious threat, which has the peculiarity of being universal in its consequences, as well as in its causes. This means that its prevention requires the cooperation of all States. At the same time, there is no higher authority able to impose cooperation in order to prevent or deal with the adverse effects of climate change. Therefore, the question arises of how to promote and organise this cooperation. For the lawyer, the question is mainly whether this undertaking is possible, within the voluntarist framework of international law. However, the object of this research is not the international legal order itself. It is not a matter of dealing, at least directly, with its characteristics or its evolution in the face of the new demands of a world whose finite character is ever more obvious. Nor is it a matter of making an exhaustive presentation of the rules adopted to deal with global warming. More modestly, the aim of this work is to examine the adopted rules, particularly in the Treaties, in the light of the constraints imposed on the cooperation of States by the decentralized structure of international law. This is a research on multilateral cooperation in the fight against global warming, from a legal perspective. It aims to clarify the constraints that the principle of sovereignty imposes on such cooperation, to identify the solutions that have been adopted as a remedy and to assess their merits with the hope of contributing to the development of a fully universal climate legal regime regime by reinforcing their intelligibility. The present work, therefore, sought to clarify the concept of climate legal regime by presenting it in a systematic way. To this end, this thesis stresses the duality of the relationship between the climate legal regime and the cooperation of States. As a first step, it presents how States have developed and can consolidate the climate regime itself. In a second step, it looks at how the climate regime regulates the Parties' climate policies. In order to carry out this task, the approach adopted is twofold. First, it is genetic by examining the relationship between the rules adopted and the legal policies from which they result. The approach is then analytic by the analysis of the legal techniques that have succeeded during the negotiations, in terms of their intrinsic characteristics and of their background in international law
Hazoui, Ahmed. "Caractéristiques solaires du climat marocain". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614172p.
Texto completoLadant, Jean-Baptiste. "Interactions climat-calotte durant la greenhouse Crétacé-Paléogène (120-34 Ma) : influence de la paléogéographie et du CO2 atmosphérique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV019/document.
Texto completoOn geological timescales, global climate proxies indicate that variations of large magnitude occur between the Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. On the long term, these variations are mostly determined by the equilibrium between the greenhouse gases composition of the atmosphere, primarily the CO2, and continental weathering set up by the spatial location of Earth’s landmasses. Here, the links between paleogeography and CO2 are looked upon in a climate-ice sheet interactions framework during a greenhouse period of Earth history (120 – 34 Ma). A suite of models involving both coupled and ice sheet models have been used to demonstrate that paleogeographic reorganizations have regulated the presence of ice over Antarctica during the Cretaceous. In a second time and using a similar setup, a new method for climate-ice sheet coupling have been developed and applied to the Eocene-Oligocene (EO) glaciation to yield a new scenario of ice evolution, in good agreement with data. Two feedbacks related to this glaciation and the coeval atmospheric CO2 fall are investigated. First, it is shown that the EO glaciation generates an intensification of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Second, within a data-model study demonstrating active Asian monsoons as old as the mid-Eocene, it is shown that the climatic change at the end of the Eocene is responsible for a reduction in the intensity of the Asian monsoon. Finally, with the aim of analysing the effect of paleogeographic changes on marine biogeochemistry during the Cenozoic, sensitivity tests to Drake Passage and Panama Seaway have been carried out
Qasmi, Saïd. "Sensibilité du climat européen à la variabilité multidécennale de l'Atlantique Nord". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30367.
Texto completoThe anthropogenic warming trend observed during the 20th century in Europe is characterized by fluctuations, which are partly explained by internal climate variability. The physical mechanisms between the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV, whose internal component contributes to shape atmospheric variability), and the European climate are investigated in this thesis. A comprehensive study of climate models shows a great diversity in the simulation of the teleconnection between the AMV and European summer temperature. The underestimation of its intensity relative to the observations contributes to explain the uncertainties within the decadal climate predictions. Numerical experiments used to assess the mechanisms of influence of the AMV on the European climate indicate that the AMV is likely to significantly modulate temperature, precipitation and the occurrence of extreme events in winter and summer
Ladant, Jean-Baptiste. "Interactions climat-calotte durant la greenhouse Crétacé-Paléogène (120-34 Ma) : influence de la paléogéographie et du CO2 atmosphérique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV019.
Texto completoOn geological timescales, global climate proxies indicate that variations of large magnitude occur between the Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. On the long term, these variations are mostly determined by the equilibrium between the greenhouse gases composition of the atmosphere, primarily the CO2, and continental weathering set up by the spatial location of Earth’s landmasses. Here, the links between paleogeography and CO2 are looked upon in a climate-ice sheet interactions framework during a greenhouse period of Earth history (120 – 34 Ma). A suite of models involving both coupled and ice sheet models have been used to demonstrate that paleogeographic reorganizations have regulated the presence of ice over Antarctica during the Cretaceous. In a second time and using a similar setup, a new method for climate-ice sheet coupling have been developed and applied to the Eocene-Oligocene (EO) glaciation to yield a new scenario of ice evolution, in good agreement with data. Two feedbacks related to this glaciation and the coeval atmospheric CO2 fall are investigated. First, it is shown that the EO glaciation generates an intensification of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Second, within a data-model study demonstrating active Asian monsoons as old as the mid-Eocene, it is shown that the climatic change at the end of the Eocene is responsible for a reduction in the intensity of the Asian monsoon. Finally, with the aim of analysing the effect of paleogeographic changes on marine biogeochemistry during the Cenozoic, sensitivity tests to Drake Passage and Panama Seaway have been carried out
Mohamed, Awaz. "Relations entre phénologie de la croissance souterraine et aérienne de noyers hybrides en systèmes agroforestiers tempérés". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT154/document.
Texto completoThe study of phenology is primordial to understand tree response to climate change. Although many studies have examined shoot phenology, the difficulties in observing root system growth have resulted in a poor understanding of root phenology. As root system dynamics are considered as playing a major role in carbon cycling and sequestration, it is necessary to overcome methodological difficulties, so that root demography can be studied in the field and over several years. Our first objective was therefore to develop and evaluate methods for studying root system growth in the field. Studying mature hybrid walnut (Juglans L.), growing in agroforests, We showed that smartphone scanners are the best adapted tool for acquiring high quality images of tree roots growing in field rhizotrons. However, time-lapse cameras were good alternatives when a fully automated method was required (up to 4 months autonomy). Our second objective was to determine the main drivers of walnut hybrid root growth in field conditions. In particular, (i) We hypothesized that shoot and root phenologies were asynchronous, (ii) We evaluated the effect of environmental factors on root growth along a latitudinal gradient comprising three climates (Mediterranean, oceanic and continental) and (iii) We determined how phenology and environmental factors influenced root dynamics depending on root morphology and topology. Results show that flushes of fine root growth are not synchronized with budburst and leaf expansion, but are synchronized with stem and coarse root radial growth. Soil temperature was on the whole the main driver of root growth, and to a lesser extent, soil humidity, but which had contrasting effects on root growth. Root topological order had a major influence on root response to environmental variables, reflected in root elongation, production and longevity. Results will be highly useful not only for a better understanding of the role that root systems play in the carbon cycle, but also for tree ecophysiological models. Future studies should expand the knowledge gained here into a global understanding of the drivers of tree root initiation, growth and longevity, through the creation of databases and the use of meta-analyses
Berthelot, Michaël. "Climat régional, climat local et pollution de l'air par l'ozone dans les agglomérations de Tours et d'Orléans". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR1803.
Texto completoGainusa-Bogdan, Alina. "Simulated and observed large-scale turbulent ocean-atmosphere fluxes at low latitudes : dealing with observational uncertainly, determination of robust model biases and implications for model bahavior". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0072.
Texto completoWe use a comprehensive observational ensemble to assess the modern-day IPSL model representation of turbulent air-sea fluxes at large, climatological scales in the intertropical region. We consider the surface fluxes, as well as their associated meteorological state variables. In a first step, we create estimates of the observational uncertainties, and use them to highlight the significant biases in the atmospheric component of IPSL-CM5A, when forced with observational sea surface temperatures. In a second step, we apply the same methodology to the evaluation of several versions of the coupled IPSL model from CM4 to CM5B and assess flux-related differences due to ocean-atmosphere coupling, changes in horizontal resolution, surface albedo adjustment, and historical model development. Finally, we discuss methodological aspects of model evaluation, as well as the possible generalization of the relationship between coupled and uncoupled model biases found for the IPSL-CM5A model
Filahi, Hajar. "Regionalized climate projections of consumption in Europe and mainland France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX014.
Texto completoThe potential impacts of climate change on electricity demand are essential for the formulation of effective adaptation and mitigation policies. Specifically, electricity consumption holds a key role in adapting to climate change in the context of the European ambition to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigation strategies. Consequently, information on the impacts of climate change on electricity demand is essential for the development of strategies focused on both adaptation and mitigation as much for the sizing of the future electric fleet.In this regard, the main objective of this thesis is to provide more reliable information about the potential impacts of climate change on energy demand in Europe in general, and the impacts on metropolitan France and its regions in particular. The first step of the study consists of selecting a robust and representative subset of climate data. An approach for the selection of a subset of ten climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is proposed to assess the impact of climate change on the energy demand in Europe. The developed process of selection combines two main criteria applied to the daily mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature from all CMIP6 climate models. The first criterion consists of choosing a subset of models that represents the whole range of possible temperature changes in the future compared to the historical climate. The second one considers the skills of the CMIP6 historical simulations over Europe with respect to ERA5 climatology. The methodology of selection allows the maximization of the diversity of climate projections among the best-performing models.The second part of the study investigates the impact of climate change on the temporal fragmentation of heating and cooling needs and its implication on the energy power system in Europe under four anthropogenic scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), using downscaled and bias-adjusted simulations at 25×25km horizontal resolution over Europe. Using heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) as proxies, we show a large decrease in HDD over Europe and an increase in CDD. This result is consistent with already published literature. However, the study goes one step further by showing a fragmentation of the periods of heating needs during winter in the future which can potentially lead to a fragmentation of heating energy demand. The cooling needs in summer are expected to be more frequent and last longer in the future. The fragmentation of temperature-sensitive energy needs for heating and to a lesser extent for cooling are expected to have an operational and economical impact on the balancing of the energy system.The last part of the thesis focuses on the case of France to analyze the impact of climate change on electricity consumption and its extremes at the national level and then at the regional level. For this purpose, we calibrated a generalized additive model to produce future projections of electricity consumption in France at constant usage. The results show a decrease in electricity consumption in winter in all French regions and an increase in electricity consumption in summer. In the southern regions of France, summer electricity consumption is expected to increase significantly compared to the other regions. The analysis of extreme consumption shows that extreme cold is still likely to occur in France, albeit less frequently. Today, the additional power supply to meet extreme heating demand is 25% higher than the average winter electricity demand. In the future, combining changing trends in average and extreme power demand, additional power supply to meet excess power demand during cold spells could exceed 35% of the average winter power demand at the end of the century for SSP3-7.0 scenarios, which increased the vulnerability of the power supply system
Lee, Boram. "Teleconnections associated with climate variability in Europe and Asia". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0022.
Texto completoThis study has the objective to find evidences of the correlation between climate variations in Korea and those in Europe. Firstly, a homogenised time series of monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT) of the Korean peninsula was established, which serves as a basis for analysis of regional climate variability, over Korea and nearby regions. This time series was verified for its robustness by comparing with other long-term temperature series, as well as by analyzing its trend and interannual signals. The correlation analysis for anomalous signals in the newly constructed Korea SAT series (observations), in global SAT datasets, in geostationary teleconnection indices, and in the regional surface snow extent revealed that the SAT variability of Korea and East Asia is closely related to that of Europe, particularly in mid- and high-latitudes (above 40°N) during winter and spring seasons. This link has strengthened during the recent decades particularly after the significant interdecadal change that occurred around 1980. A major mechanism that explains this teleconnection is found to be the influence of the north-south gradient in the Northern Hemisphere (represented by AO / NAO): as the centres of AO / NAO signatures moved eastward in the recent period (after 1980), the link between this pattern and East Asian SAT has been strengthened which results in enhanced correlation between Europe and East Asia. The surface snow condition intensifies or reduces the extent of Arctic influence southward to the Eurasian continent, and therefore amplifies or reduces the correlations between the two regions through the Arctic system. Also, Central Asia is found to be under stronger influence of the lower latitudes and the North Pacific, which results in weaker correlation between this region and other parts of Eurasia. Analysis on the upper atmosphere solidified these findings from the correlation analysis between the surface parameters. The jet stream over Eurasia has slightly strengthened after 1980, and the intensity on the downstream side (eastern part of the centres) has increased, which supports strengthened AO / NAO signals over the Northern Hemisphere and eastward displacement of the correlation centres between the SAT and AO / NAO. The difference of the wave activity flux between the two periods (before and after 1980) confirmed enhanced Arctic influence over higher latitudes of Eurasia, and the North Pacific / Asian influence on Siberia and Central Asia
Vulquin, Anaik. "Comparaison entre le climat de Buenos Aires et les climats de la cote orientale du Brésil". Lille : A.N.R.T, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36105827t.
Texto completoKrinner, Gerhard. "Simulations du climat des calottes de glace". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716408.
Texto completoMakita, Dieudonné Luc. "Climat et habitation dans l'agglomération de Brazzaville". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040293.
Texto completoMakita, Dieudonné Luc. "Climat et habitation dans l'agglomération de Brazzaville". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607629f.
Texto completoRoumane, Mohammed Martin Robert. "Adaptation scolaire et climat affectif de l'enfant". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1985/roumane_m.
Texto completoMoufouma-Okia, Wilfran. "Modélisation du climat de l'Afrique de l'Ouest avec le modèle régional MAR". Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0025.
Texto completoScotto, d'Apollonia Lionel. "Les controverses climatiques : une analyse socioépistémique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30024/document.
Texto completoThis PhD dissertation sets out to analyze, in a socioepistemic way, the various controversies relating to global warming. This work is based on two objectives: (1) to develop and test a reflective analysis tool developed as an ongoing investigation in a single analytical framework articulating existing and occasionally controversial frameworks. (2) To analyze actors' strategies and arguments in the different areas of mediation concerning controversial climate system of knowledge, regarding the understanding to disentangle epistemological and axiological dimensions. This thesis is based on a bibliometric work to build a socio-historical reconstruction of the main controversial elements from the eighteenth century to the present time. Following this epistemological basis the analysis progresses in three steps. The first is an analysis based on a researcher's corpus (climatologists or otherwise) in various situation of communication, secondly completed by inquiry detailed survey with individual and collective interviews and finally a sociolinguistic analysis. Only then does it become possible to provide a radiography of global warming controversies restoring the part we can see, the In and the Off, to unravel the ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions
Fillol, Erwann Joachim. "Application de la télédétection à l'analyse de la variabilité climatique des régions boréales et subarctiques du Canada et à la validation du modèle régional canadien du climat". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Buscar texto completoChavaillaz, Yann. "La vitesse du changement climatique et ses implications sur la perception des générations futures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV021.
Texto completoIn most climate studies, climate change is approached by focusing on the evolution between a fixed current baseline and a future period, emphasizing stronger warming as we move further over the 21st century. Under climate conditions that are continuously evolving, human and natural systems might have to constantly adapt to a changing climate. This thesis proposes an alternative approach to climate projections. Here, I consider and analyze indicators of the pace of changes relative to temperature, precipitation and vegetation in order to be relevant for both urban and rural populations. An ensemble of CMIP5 simulations from 18 climate models is selected. The pace is represented by differences between two subsequent 20-year periods. Considering the pace of change would be beneficial for climate impacts and adaptation analyses.The models predict that the warming rate strongly increases without any mitigation policies (RCP8.5 scenario). It is twice as high by the end of the century compared to the current period, and even three times higher in some regions. Significant shifts in temperature distributions between two subsequent 20-year periods are projected to involve almost half of all land surfaces and most tropical areas by 2060 onwards (i.e. at least four times as many regions than currently). In these regions, an extremely warm year with a return period of about 50 years would become quite common only 20 years later. The fraction of the world population exposed to such shifts might reach about 60% (6 billion people, i.e. seven times more than currently). Low mitigation measures (RCP6.0) allow the warming rate to be kept at current values, and reduce the fraction of the world population exposed to significant shifts of temperature distributions by one third.Under RCP8.5, rainfall moistening and drying rates both increase by 30-40% above current levels. As we move further over the century, their patterns become geographically stationary and the trends become persistent. The stabilization of the geographical rate patterns that occurs despite the acceleration of global warming can be physically explained: it results from the increasing contribution of thermodynamic processes compared to dynamic processes in the control of precipitation change. The combination of intensification and increasing persistence of precipitation rate patterns may affect the way human societies and ecosystems adapt to climate change, especially in the Mediterranean basin, Central America, South Asia and the Arctic. Such an evolution in precipitation has already become noticeable over the last few decades, but it could be reversed if strong mitigation policies were quickly implemented (RCP2.6).Changes in vegetation could be visual landmarks of climate change. In mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the phenology of grass and trees follows the warming rate. Without any mitigation policies, the start of spring occurs earlier, and its duration is extended faster as we move over the century. The vegetation cover becomes denser, regardless of the selected pathway, in proportion to the temperature rise. The seasonal cycle of mid-latitude crops also depends on the temperature, and the seasonal cycle of tropical crops directly follows the features of the wet season. In all other latitudes, no robust evolution of the seasonal cycle is projected. The pace of change of vegetation cover since 1880 already doubled before 1950, mainly due to a strong change in land use. This pace is then projected to be stable over the entire 21st century if the vegetation dynamically interacts with the climate system in the models. This corresponds to a reduction of land-use change and to the acceleration of changes of vegetation cover under climate change
Maffre, Pierre. "Interactions entre tectonique, érosion, altération des roches silicatées et climat à l'échelle des temps géologiques : rôle des chaînes de montagnes". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30287.
Texto completoThis thesis explores how orogenies may affect the Earth climate through the quantification of the interactions between climate dynamics, continental erosion, silicate rock weathering rate and geological carbon cycle. The first chapter describes the mechanisms linking the continental topography and its impacts on the atmospheric and oceanic circulations, with emphasis on the thermohaline circulation. The second chapter compares the effects on continental weatherability of climate dynamics and erosional changes related to the presence of mountains. The third chapter describes a dynamic model of regolith designed for global scale simulations, and describes its transient behavior, as well as its response to a CO2 degassing. Finally, the last chapter presents a numerical model of the continental isotopic cycle of lithium, so that its reliability as a proxy of the past weathering can be tested. The model explores the case study of the Amazon lithium cycle
Labarre, Vincent. "Représentation des processus sous-mailles dans les modèles simplifiés de climat : maximisation de la production d'entropie et modélisation stochastique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ001.
Texto completoLike any numerical model, the models usually used to simulate the climate system have a finite resolution, linked to the size of the grid cells on which the model equations are integrated. For a large part of the problems raised in climatology, the mesh size remains, and will surely remain, much larger than the smallest scale necessary for the integration of the equations. This problem appears in particular in the representation of the smallest vortices of atmospheric and oceanic flows. To correct the undesirable effects linked to the lack of resolution, it is necessary to introduce a model for the sub-grid phenomena. The usual approaches generally introduce parameters which are difficult to calibrate in the context of the study of the climate and do not always manage to agree with the observations. One of the central questions of the numerical simulation of the climate system is therefore to find the right sub-grid modeling method(s). Two approaches are investigated to resolve this problem.The first is the construction of simplified climate models based on the energy balance and the Maximization of Entropy Production (MEP) as the closure hypothesis. This approach has the particularity to not introduce additional parameters to represent the processes modeled with MEP. We show that a minimal description of the dynamics in a radiative-convective model using the MEP hypothesis allows us to represent the most important aspects of atmospheric convection. The MEP hypothesis is extended to represent time-dependent problems by applying this hypothesis only to the fast components of a system. This result opens the possibility of using this type of model to represent the seasonal cycle.The second approach consists in implementing a sub-grid analysis and modeling method in a simple system: a diffusive lattice-gas. The temporal variation of the coarse-grained flow of particles at different scales is analyzed before being modeled by statistical physics methods. The sub-grid model, constructed without adding any additional parameters, is based on a local stochastic relaxation equation of the particle current. The analysis method is then used to study the dynamics of vorticity in the Von-Karman flow
Kindangen, Jefrey Ignatius. "Contribution à l'étude des coefficients de vitesse à l'aide des réseaux de neurones : application à l'écoulement de l'air dans les bâtiments pour le confort thermique en climat tropical humide". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0108.
Texto completoFrom library studies, it is shown that the dominant climatic factors in tropical humid regions and their effect on a human being are primordial and must be considered in the thermal comfort evaluation. We propose a comfort index the most adapted with this climate. Natural ventilation is one of two strategies to provide a satisfactory level of comfort in buildings which is reliable and economical in tropical conditions. The present study on the influence of the architectural elements allowing to improve the interior air speed, and then the thermal comfort, was realized using CFD codes. The study carried on a model so-called behavioural to predict interior air velocity coefficients in buildings using artificial neural networks. Due the difficulty to evaluate the interior airflow, it was therefore decided to look at how artificial intelligence techniques might facilitate the solution of the problem involved. The utilization of neural networks as a universal predictor is an interesting subject for investigation, given their ability to provide reliable results in situations where a large number of parameters have to be taken into account simultaneously. We established a thermal comfort assessment code in humid tropical regions in the modular structure: TRNSYS. This code's computer is based on a simplified model of transfers phenomena and the integration of the interior velocity coefficient prediction using artificial neural networks. Effects of architectural parameters on thermal comfort were also presented
Dakhlaoui, Amira. "Burnout et climat de sécurité dans les blocs opératoires". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20031.
Texto completoThe literature has highlighted the importance of individual perceptions of organizational safety rules and policies in their motivation to comply (Barlin & Frone, 2004). Yet, few studies, however, have investigated the role of safety climate (Neal & Griffin, 2004) on the burnout process. This research proposes an original model that seeks to determine the impact of safety climate as an antecedent independent variable to burnout. The practice of workarounds (Halbesleben, Wakefield & Wakefield, 2008) is incorporated in the model. Workarounds has been shown to be related to occupational safety issues and psychological health. The sample consisted in 281 health professional working in operating rooms. This research validates two important hypotheses. First, it highlights the impact of safety climate on burnout. As such, this finding adds to the literature by enriching the taxonomy of burnout antecedents. Second, it shows that workarounds plays a role in mediating the impact of safety climate on burnout. The relation of workarounds to burnout is complex. Its mediating role should not be limited to another form of coping. It also relates to pro-active attitudes for an added value to performance. As such, workarounds can act as indicators of the perceived state of safety climate held by professionals. Finally, this research emphasizes the necessity for including safety climate as a prevention tool in organizational health and safety practices
Boujamlaoui, Zakaria. "Continuum sol-plante-atmosphère : influence de l'évapotranspiration réelle sur les bilans isotopiques : (18 O, ²H), climat tempéré et climat aride". Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066036.
Texto completoVladimirova, Ekaterina. "Values for sustainable future: transforming values in the context of climate change and global environmental degradation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241295.
Texto completoMaloba, Makanga Jean Damien. "Approche diagnostique et satellitale des climats et de leur variabilité en Afrique équatoriale atlantique : Gabon, Congo et Sud Cameroun". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL021.
Texto completoAtlantic Equatorial Africa (40N-50S and 80-180E) is the scope of a study in diagnostic climatology. Rainfall data for the period 1951-1993 are used on a monthly time-scale. Deep convection is monitored with the help of outgoing longwave radiation (1974-1991) and the occurrence of cold cloud tops archived at the Lannion Orstom Centre for the period 1986-1996. The fast aim is to analyse the relationship between geographical factors and both rainfall and convection. The second one is to study the space-time variability of rainfall (mean seasonal cycle and interannual fluctuations). The third one concerns teleconnections with large-scale patterns of oceano-atmospheric dynamics. The first part shows the physical environment and the bases of the dynamic climatology of the sub-region. Gabon is taken as a "sample area" that makes it possible to show the role of geographical factors in the differencial distribution of some climatic variables (temperature, rainfall and winds). The second part analyses rainfall/convection fields at the annual and seasonal time scales. Convection is characterized by an out-of-phase interhemispheric evolution, as well as by an inadequacy between the cores of deep convection and the location of the heaviest rainfall. The distribution of the occurrences of cold cloud tops in terms of latitude, longitude and altitude underlines the importance of windward slopes and summits for the fixing of cloud cover. In addition latitude appears as a discriminating factor in rainfall distribution. There is no relation between altitude/precipitation at the local scale, whereas the relationship with longitude reflects the extent of sea breeze penetration. The third part illustrates the fact that variability is characterized by small-scale spatial structures (that rarely take into account more than a third of the common variance) and decadal fluctuations with frequent surplus during the first two decades and deficits during the last two. The role of the forest in the setting up of space-time structures is not obvious, however plateau regions and coastlines are the most coherent areas in terms of anomaly. Rainfall deficits can be associated to a reduced occurrence of cold cloud tops during the rainy season as was the case in 1987 and 1993. On the other hand, a deep convection embedded within a gradually migrating itcz is a sign of a surplus year on condition
David, Bogdan-Simion. "Les données climatiques instrumentales de Roumanie sont-elles susceptibles d'identifier un changement climatique ?" Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA5004.
Texto completoNadeau, Michel. "Participation au capital social et climat de travail". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25254.pdf.
Texto completoKerbe, Jehad. "Climat, hydrologie et aménagements hydro-agricoles de Syrie /". Lille : Talence : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses ; Diffusion Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376676886.
Texto completoMpounza, Marcel. "Le climat agricole batéké : essai d'une étude agroclimatologique". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOL003.
Texto completoThe batéké plateaux constitute a vast region of the guity hills and platforms that border the river Congo, in north of Brazzaville (2-4 degrees s 15-16 degrees e). With this subequatorial climate, the rains fall in abundance (2000 mm) from September to May, and interannual variability is weak. However the vegetation is dry one. In order to study this apparent paradox, we have proceeded with the analysis of water balance at the Djambala meteorological station at 350 km in north of Brazzaville. The results have shown the fundamental importance of the nature of the essentially sandy soils. In fact there is a lack of water at the surface. It is hardly possible to retain water other than in small temporary ponds. The thinly populated rural districts are therefore subjected to a permanent water quest
Kebbiri, Boubkeur. "Climat et bilan hydrique dans le Saïs marocain". Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100189.
Texto completoClimatiques, ensuite a travers l'etude frequentielle. Cette our research is centred on the area of sais which is situated in the central situated in the central nrth of marocco. The analysis is based on the valuation of the climatic and the hydrous schedules of water. We rested our study on weather data given by some meterological stations mainly the synoptic ones of meknes and fes-sais. The hydrous schedule makes obvious the duration of the humid season traced the agricultural activities. This model informs us about the importance of the hydrous deficit and the evaporation deficit, about the duration of the dry season and the humid season and thier variation from one year to onother. The climatic process ensure each year the arrival of a humid season where the climatic demand is satisfied and the surplus appears. The excess is generally modest and centred in winter. The problem of mater always occurs in summer, sometimes in the early autumn and in late spring and rarely in winter. The variability of the hydrous schedules has been first analysed in ralation to an average state, usually in practice in the climatic studies, then through a study of frequency. This approach allowed us to notice the relative representation of the average. Water schedules offered us more and precise tools for an accurate hydrous valuation. They are more efficient than the climatic indications largely used, mostly those of the mediterranean domain
Soriba, Mahaman. "Climat sahélien, entrainement physique et sommeil chez l'homme". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21505.
Texto completoMpounza, Marcel. "Le Climat agricole batéké essai d'une étude agroclimatologique". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375998849.
Texto completoScotto, di Luzio Silvia. "Les athlètes adolescents et la communauté sportive : le sens psychologique communautaire appliqué au sport". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10073/document.
Texto completoThe Sense of Community is important for the well-being and positive social development of adolescents (Pretty, 2002; Cicognani et al., 2006, 2012). However, a few studies have provided significant information on the mechanisms that can lead to the construction of a community in sport (Warner, 2011). The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the definition of a sport community, examining the mechanisms underlying the formation of Sense Community in sport contexts in adolescence. For this, the first chapter presents a review of literature about Sense of Community and the second chapter examines the literature on the Sense of Community in Sport and sports participation in adolescence. Subsequently two lines of research are proposed. The first line consists of two qualitative studies. The results of these studies revealed that the sport community includes in particular parents, peers and coach sports. There emerges a challenge for these young athletes to maintain relationships with nonathlete peers. The second line comprises two quantitative studies. The first study focused on the validation of the questionnaire Adolescents Sense Community in Sport (SCSA), in French and Italian. The second study focused on understanding the processes of SCSA and its relationship with parents, coach, peer non-athletes climate perceived and sport involvement. The results showed that during adolescence, the SCSA significantly influences the commitment, and the relationship between peer non-athletes climate perceived and sporting commitment is mediated by SCSA
Pohl, Alexandre. "Compréhension du climat de l’Ordovicien à l’aide de la modélisation numérique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV081.
Texto completoThe Ordovician (485–444 Ma) is a geological period characterized by theconcomitance of a major glaciation and one of the “Big Five” mass extinction events thatpunctuated the Earth’s history. This dissertation aimed at developing a better understandingof the climatic evolution at that time through numerical modeling, in order to providea consistent picture of the glaciation. First, it was shown that the Ordovician continentalconiguration leads to a particular ocean dynamics, which induces in turn the development ofa climatic instability that allows global climate to cool suddenly in response to subtle changesin the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Secondly, an innovative climate-ice sheetcoupled model produced the irst simulation of the glaciation that is supported by geologicaldata, in the context of a decrease in pCO2. Results show that glacial onset may have occurredas early as the Mid Ordovician (465 Ma), i.e., some 20 million years earlier than thoughtinitially. In this scenario, the climatic instability is reached during the latest Ordovician andaccounts for the onset of the Hirnantian glacial maximum (445–444 Ma). Experiments conductedwith a non-vascular vegetation model reveal that the origination and expansion of theirst land plants signiicantly intensiied continental weathering during the Ordovician andpotentially drove the drop in atmospheric CO2. Finally, the interactions between climate andthe marine biosphere were investigated based on 2 complementary axes. (i) News constraintson the paleobiogeography of marine living communities were brought through the publicationof maps showing the ocean surface circulation modeled at various pCO2 levels during theEarly, Middle and Late Ordovician. (ii) The relationships between climatic variations andthe redox state of the ocean were studied using a recent ocean model with biogeochemical capabilities(MITgcm). The simulations suggest partial and global oceanic anoxic events duringthe Katian and the early Silurian respectively. They also show that anoxia is probably notresponsible for the latest Ordovician mass extinction event
Mailler, Sylvain. "Influence dynamique de l'Himalaya sur le climat en Extrême-Orient". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598530.
Texto completoMourre, Lise. "Précipitations dans les Andes tropicales : analyse spatio-temporelle, intercomparaison de forçages et impacts dans un modèle glacio-hydrologique. Cas du Rio Santa au Pérou". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU030/document.
Texto completoGlobal climate change participates in the redistribution of water resources at the global scale. Impacts are particularly important in mountainous regions where precipitation and temperature gradients are important. In high altitude tropical regions, where precipitation spatial variability is significant, the estimation of precipitation over the broad range of scales of interest for climatologists, meteorologists and hydrologists is challenging. Glacio-hydrological modeling aims at understanding current processes in order to have the ability to give answer on possible evolutions of stream flow that will be caused by climatic changes and the development of anthropogenic activities. The issue of such modeling, in a tropical mountain area, is to reproduce not only the evolution of seasonal flow, but the annual and multi-annual evolution of glaciated areas. However, this type of study is limited by the regionalization of meteorological variables. During the hydrological year 2012/2013, three types of precipitation products (in situ data, satellite data, outputs from a regional climate model (RCM)) are first compared over the Rio Santa watershed in Peru, with an area of 10400 km² which 3.3 % is glaciated, then the impacts of those forcing variables on the outputs of a semi-distributed glacio-hydrological model are evaluated.The satellite product is TRMM 3B42 ; RCM outputs are obtained from WRF at three nested resolutions: 27, 9 and 3 km; daily in situ data are interpolated using a kriging with external drift (KED) algorithm, with the altitude or WRF annual amounts as the external drift. WRF outputs largely overestimate the annual totals, compared to TRMM or KED. However, the physics of the model allows to accurately reproduce the seasonal and daily time cycles of precipitation. TRMM performs poorly over ice covered surfaces and overestimate monthly value during the dry season, making it non representative of precipitation patterns in mountainous areas. Kriging products are good interpolators of precipitation at 3 km resolution. Using altitude as the external drift results in an increase of precipitation to the highest peaks of the Cordillera Blanca; using annual totals of WRF benefits from the atmospheric physic of the model to correctly represent orographic precipitation. Despite a strong overestimation of precipitation quantities, climate modeling provides, for sub-sampled complex topographic area, essential information on the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. However, in situ measurements remain essential to estimate precipitation in terms of quantities, and develop interpolation or correction methods of atmospheric model outputs.Glacio-hydrological modeling is performed with the DHSVM-GDM model, including the simulation of glaciated areas and of the glacier dynamic. The strength of such model is to assess the overall element of the water balance, at different time steps. However, it remains difficult to properly represent both the glaciated and non-glaciated areas on a watershed such as the Rio Santa. Using various forcing variables show that a comprehensive study on precipitation is needed before any glacio-hydrological modeling to simulate high altitudes area, impacting the modeling results in terms of ice volume loss
Messan, Folly. "Etude du bronchospasme induit par l'exercice chez des cyclistes professionnels en climat continental et chez des basketteurs amateurs en climat équatorial". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268051.
Texto completoMohd, Farooq Azam. "Relation climat-glacier dans la zone de transition entre climat aride et mousson indienne : un cas d'étude dans l'Himachal Pradesh Inde". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU032/document.
Texto completoThe Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalayan (HKH) region is the largest snow and ice reservoir on the planet outside the Polar Regions. In the HKH region the mass balance and meteorological observations are sparse and the historical knowledge is mainly concentrated on snout fluctuation records. Hitherto, the understanding of glacier-climate relationship is poor in the HKH region. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to improve the understanding of glacier-climate relationship on a representative glacier ‘Chhota Shigri' in the western Himalaya. A number of in-situ measurements concerning mass balances, surface velocity, ice thickness and meteorology have been collected during and before the present PhD work since 2002. These data sets were first analyzed to understand the glacier behaviour and then used in the models to understand the glacier relationship with climatic variables. Between 2002 and 2013, glacier showed a mass wastage/unsteady-state conditions with a cumulative mass loss of –6.45 m w.e. Further, the ice flux analysis over 2002-2010 suggested that the glacier has experienced a period of steady-state or slightly positive mass balance during the 1990s. We first reconstructed the annual and seasonal mass balances using a degree day model from simple meteorological variables, precipitation and temperature. This reconstruction allowed us to examine the mass balances between 1969 and 2012. Since 1969, Chhota Shigri showed a moderate mean mass wastage at a rate of −0.30 m w.e. a-1. A period of steady-state between 1986 and 2000, already suggested by ice flux analysis and geodetic measurements, was confirmed. The mass balance evolution of this glacier revealed that the mass wastage is recent and provide a very different pattern than that of usually found in the literature on western Himalayan glaciers. The analysis of decadal time scale mass balances with meteorological variables suggested that winter precipitation and summer temperature are almost equally important drivers controlling the mass balance pattern of this glacier. Second, in order to understand the detailed physical basis of climatic drivers, a surface energy balance study was also performed using the in-situ meteorological data from the ablation area of Chhota Shigri Glacier. Net all-wave radiation was the main heat flux towards surface with 80% contribution while sensible, latent heat and conductive heat fluxes shared 13%, 5% and 2% of total heat flux, respectively. Our study showed that the intensity of snowfall events during the summer-monsoon is among the most important drivers responsible for glacier-wide mass balance evolution of Chhota Shigri Glacier. However, due to the lack of precipitation measurements and the strong precipitation gradient in this region, the distribution of precipitation on the glacier remains unknown and needs further detailed investigations
Messan, Folly Delamarche Paul Medelli Jean. "Etude du bronchospasme induit par l'exercice chez des cyclistes professionnels en climat continental et chez des basketteurs amateurs en climat équatorial". Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268051/fr.
Texto completoMessan, Folly. "Etude du bronchospasme induit par l’exercice chez des cyclistes professionnels en climat continental et chez des basketteurs amateurs en climat équatorial". Rennes 2, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00268051/fr/.
Texto completoIn studies based on questionnaires, asthma prevalence varies from 11% to 20 %. In athletes, the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is 50-74 % when studied with questionnaires. However, respiratory functional exploration (RFE) tests carried out in this population reveal that EIB prevalence is down to 11-55 %. Regular exercise in cold and dry air is often evoked as a factor promoting EIB. We studied the EIB prevalence in a team of 25 male professional cyclists under continental climate using a combination of interrogation with pharmacodynamic tests and RFE performed at rest and after exercise. The results showed that 68 % of the subjects were symptomatic and 60 % confirmed asthmatic. These results corroborate the studies carried out under the same type of climatic conditions. In order to evaluate a possible effect of the climate, we tested EIB in the hot and wet climate of Benin in 20 amateur basketball players. The combination of questionnaire with pharmacodynamic test and RFE revealed that 55 % of the subjects were symptomatic and 35 % asthmatic. The lack of difference in the results obtained in a continental and in a hot and wet climate indicates that BIE prevalence is not affected by climatic conditions. Consequently the mode of exercise is the major factor initiating and maintaining BIE
Vennetier, Michel. "Un nouveau modèle bioclimatique pour la forêt méditerranéenne. Application à l'étude de l'impact du changement climatique sur la végétation et à l'évaluation de la productivité forestière". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30077.
Texto completoThis thesis consists of four articles linked by a connecting thread: the interaction between water-balance and climate change in the dynamics of the Mediterranean vegetation. The first part presents the design and the calibration of a new bioclimatic model dedicated to the assessment of the water-balance in Mediterranean forest. In the second part, mis model is used to assess the impact of the climate change on the composition of the forest flora. The third part thoroughly studies Pinus halepensis Mill. Autecology in its whole French distribution area, as this species serves as reference to link the bioclimatic model, climate change and forest height growth and productivity. The fourth part deals with the interaction between water-balance and climate change in the radial growth of Pinus halepensis, by means of an experimental device in field conditions
Dehn, Martin Boesler Klaus-Achim. "Szenarien der klimatischen Auslösung alpiner Hangrutschungen Simulation durch Downscaling allgemeiner Zirkulationsmodelle der Atmosphäre /". Sankt Augustin : In Kommission bei Asgard-Verlag, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43398514.html.
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