Tesis sobre el tema "Co-infection ar le VIH"
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Khamduang, Woottichai. "Analyse des mutants du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le VHB en Thaïlande". Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3317/document.
Texto completoThailand is an endemic area for chronic HBV infection. Despite implementation of HBV vaccination, perinatal HBV transmission remains a major cause of chronic infection. This study aimed at identifying HBV mutants that may be associated with vaccine failure, misdiagnosis of chronic HBV infection and antiviral treatment failure. The dissertation is divided in three parts. In the first part, we analyzed the prevalence of perinatal HBV transmission in a large HIV prevention cohort in Thailand and characterized the HBV vaccine escape mutants. Among 3,349 HIV-infected pregnant women, 7% were found HBsAg positive. Eleven children born to HBsAg-positive mother were found HBsAg-positive at 2–18 months of age. Complete series of samples were available for 9 mother-child pairs. Based on direct sequencing and cloning analysis, 3 patterns of transmission were observed : i) transmission of wild-type variants from mothers with high HBV DNA level, ii) transmission of maternal minor variant and iii) transmission of variants already present in maternal blood samples. The capacity of HBV variants to escape from anti-HBs neutralization in vitro will be further studied using HBV-pseudoviral particles harboring the characterized mutations
Rubi, Gérald. "Neurosyphilis révélatrice d'une co-infection à VIH : à propos d'un cas". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11151.
Texto completoGuitton, Emmanuelle. "Influence de la co-infection virale chez les patients VIH : approche pharmacoépidémiologique". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30280.
Texto completoHepatitis C infection (HCV) concerns 10% to 30% of HIV patients. The aim of our research was to explore the influence of HCV co infection in HIV patients with data from the French Pharmacovigilance database and from a regional cohort of HIV and coinfected patients. We showed that hepatic or haematological troubles occurred more frequently in coinfected patients. In the cohort study, clinical and immunological worsening of HIV infection seems to be faster in co infected patients, despite the lack of statistically significant difference. This work underlines the differences in the therapeutic management of the HIV and HIV+HCV patients (ARV drugs, modifications or withdrawal of ARV drugs). The risk of the occurrence of hepatic or haematological troubles with ARV drugs is a possible explanation. The cohort should be continued to increase the number of patients included
Brégnard, Christelle. "Etude des mécanismes viraux et cellulaires qui régulent l’infection par le Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T025.
Texto completoPas de résumé en anglais
Loko, Marc-Arthur. "Epidémiologie clinique de la prise en charge des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le virus de l’hépatite C à partir des cohortes ANRS CO 03 Aquitaine et ANRS CO 13 HEPAVIH". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21693/document.
Texto completoChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-HCV Co-infection is associated with more severe and more rapid progression of HCV, leading to increased incidence of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. Our work is devoted to the description of HIV-HCV co-infected patients (2006-2008). We also evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with liver steatosis in these patients. Lastly, we addressed the issue of the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. The management of HIV-HCV co-infected patients should comprise a systematic screening of liver steatosis. The assessment of liver fibrosis using two non-invasive tests (eg Fibroscan-Apri, Fibroscan-Fibrotest) should be considered. In case of discordance between the results of these tests, a liver biopsy must be performed
Martin, Sébastien Lecompte Thanh. "Co-infection tuberculose multirésistante et VIH étude à partir d'un cas et revue de la littérature /". [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_MARTIN_SEBASTIEN.pdf.
Texto completoLacombe, Karine. "La co-infection VIH - hépatite B chronique : déterminants de la fibrose hépatique et impact des traitements antiviraux". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066189.
Texto completoGUENIFFEY, DIDIER. "Etude de 20 cas de co-infections par leishmania infantum et vih-1 diagnostiques dans les alpes-maritimes". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE6532.
Texto completoSouriant, Shanti. "Rôle des macrophages au cours de l'infection par le VIH-1 et dans un contexte de co-infection avec Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30209.
Texto completoMacrophages are both crucial host effector cells for HIV-1 and important leukocytes involved in viral pathogenesis. For my doctoral thesis, I was interested in further characterizing the role of macrophages in HIV-1 pathogenesis, and during co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent for tuberculosis (TB). I first participated in a study that provided evidence that HIV-1 infection reprograms the migration of macrophages, particularly by triggering the protease-dependent migration mode. This effect was mediated by the interaction of the viral protein Nef with the host proteins Hck and WASP, which leads to modification in the organization and proteolytic activity of podosomes, important structures for protease-dependent migration. The higher migration capacity of HIV-1-infected macrophages translated in vivo by an increase in the recruitment of macrophages in several tissues of Nef-transgenic mice. This work revealed a novel mechanistic understanding of how HIV-1 infection drives macrophages into tissues, contributing to viral dissemination and possibly creating a hidden cellular reservoir of virus. Worsening this public health issue posed by the HIV-1 epidemic is the frequent association of the virus with Mtb. Indeed, Mtb aggravates HIV-1 pathogenesis in co-infected individuals. Yet, the mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood, including the contribution of macrophages. To investigate how Mtb exacerbates the HIV-1 infection in human macrophages was the main focus of my thesis. First, I revealed that Mtb-infected macrophages generate a microenvironment that drives bystander macrophages towards phenotypic and functional features of the so-called M(IL-10) anti-inflammatory program. I found that these M(IL-10) macrophages are highly efficient for HIV-1 production. I demonstrated that the TB-associated microenvironment induces the formation of macrophage-to-macrophage connecting tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) through the IL- 10/STAT3 axis, a phenomenon that is responsible for the dramatic increase of HIV-1 production in M(IL-10) macrophages. Moreover, I provided evidence that M(IL-10) cells are expanded in the peripheral blood of co-infected patients and accumulate in the lungs of co-infected non-human primates. Altogether, this central part of my PhD thesis sheds light to TNTs as key players in the aggravation of HIV-1 pathogenesis in human macrophages during co-infection with Mtb. Thus, this cellular mechanism (together with the IL- 10/STAT3 axis) could represent an unexpected target to develop novel therapeutics against AIDS/TB co-morbidity. Collectively, the results obtained during my thesis contribute to a better understanding of the role of macrophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis and their ability to disseminate the virus in a mono-infection context, or during co-infection with Mtb
Dupont, Maeva. "Identification of novel factors involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection and spread among macrophages in the tuberculosis context". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30211.
Texto completoMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria causing tuberculosis (TB), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), act in synergy to exacerbate the progression of each other in co-infected patients. While clinical evidence reveals a frequent increase of the viral load at co-infected anatomical sites, the mechanisms explaining how Mtb favours HIV-1 progression remain insufficiently understood. Macrophages are the main target for Mtb. Their infection by the bacilli likely shapes the microenvironment that favours HIV-1 infection and replication at sites of co-infection. To address this issue, I took advantage of an in vitro model mimicking the TB-associated microenvironment (cmMTB, "conditioned media of Mtb-infected macrophages") previously established in the laboratory; a model that renders macrophages susceptible to intracellular pathogens like Mtb. Upon joining the team, I participated in the study on how Mtb exacerbates HIV-1 replication in macrophages, using this model. We found that cmMTB-treated macrophages (M(cmMTB)) have an enhanced ability to form intercellular membrane bridges called tunneling nanotubes (TNT), which increase the capacity of the virus to transfer from one macrophage to another, leading to the exacerbation of HIV-1 production and spread. The principal objective of my PhD thesis was to identify novel factors that are involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 replication in macrophages in the context of tuberculosis. To this end, a transcriptomic analysis of M(cmMTB) was conducted, and revealed two key factors: the Siglec-1 receptor and type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 signaling. The first part of my PhD thesis dealt with the characterization of Siglec-1 as a novel factor involved in the synergy between Mtb and HIV-1 in macrophages. First, I demonstrated that its increased expression in M(cmMTB) was dependent on IFN-I. Second, in Mtb and simian immunodeficiency virus co-infected non-human primates, I established a positive correlation between the abundance of Siglec-1+ alveolar macrophages and the pathology, associated with the activation of the IFN-I/STAT-1 pathway. [...]
Bourgarit-Durand, Anne. "Caractérisation immunologique du syndrome de restauration immunitaire sous HAART au cours de la co-infection tuberculose-VIH1". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066284.
Texto completoMarcellin, Fabienne. "Perceptions et comportements des personnes vivant avec le VIH co-infestées par le virus de l'hépatite C". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5001.
Texto completoBetween 25,000 and 30,000 people are co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in France, with major clinical repercussions. Major therapeutic advances have been made in recent years thanks to the development of direct-acting antivirals for HCV treatment, with very good efficacy and safety profiles. In the same time, while the number of co-infected patients has globally decreased among HIV-infected patients, new groups at risk of HCV transmission have emerged in this population, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Co-infected patients’ day-to-day experience with the disease remains poorly documented. In this work, we analyze the perceptions (quality of life, functional impact of fatigue) and behaviors (sexual risk behaviors, addictive behaviors) of co-infected patients and their relationships with clinical parameters, and we try to determine to what extent such data can be used to improve the management of co-infection and to better target HCV prevention actions
Nguyen, Truong Tam. "Co-infection VIH/VHC : développement et mise en oeuvre d’outils paracliniques pour la prise en charge dans le pays à ressource limitée et la personnalisation thérapeutique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3508/document.
Texto completoChronic viral hepatitis is a major public health issue worldwide in the field of infectious dis and mostly affects resource-constrained countries. The challenge for the resource-limited countries is to implement the strategies for screening and management of viral hepatitis, particularly for hepatitis C among people who inject drugs.In this thesis we have evaluated new tests and strategies to improved diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HCV and HIV infection in low resource setting. The first study evaluated the performances of HIV testing using filter paper (DSS – Dried serum spot) compared with rapid tests during the early phase of HIV infections. A total of 39 serum samples form newly diagnosed HIV infected persons was included. Fourth generation immunoassays (ElecsysCombi PT test reactive and Liaison XL test reactive) identified 34 out of 39 HIV early infections using dried serum spot, whereas the Determine TM HIV-1/2 rapid test detected 24 out of 39 HIV positive serum (87.2% vs 61.5% respectively, p = 0.009). Fourth generation Ag/Ab immunoassays performed on DSS had good performance for HIV testing during the early phases of HIV infection. In the second study, we conducted a cross-sectional study aimed to assess the proportion of clinically significant fibrosis in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients followed in Viet Tiep Hospital in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam. From February to March 2014, 104 HIV-HCV coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were prospectively enrolled. 93 (89.4%) had detectable HCV RNA, median 6.19 (4.95-6.83 Log10 IU/mL). Patients were mainly infected with genotypes 1a/1b (69%) and genotypes 6a/6e (26%). 43 patients (41.3%) had fibrosis ≥ F2 including 24 patients (23.1%) with extensive fibrosis (F3) and/or cirrhosis (F4). Using Fibroscan® as a gold standard, the high threshold (2) of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) had very good performances for the diagnosis of extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis (Se: 90%, Sp: 84%, AUROC=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-0.99).In the last study, the impact of pegylated interferonα (PegINFα) and ribavirin therapy on T cell immune response was explored in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Concentrations of 25 cytokines and CD8+ T cell activation were monitored in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. Results were compared between patients retrospectively classified as sustained virological responders (SVR, n=19) and non-responders (NR, n = 11). High pretreatment concentrations of IP-10 (CXCL-10) and MCP-1 (CCL-2) were associated with poor anti-HCV response. Highest rise in MIP-1β; and MCP-1 levels was observed four weeks after anti-HCV treatment initiation in SVR compared to NR, whereas a decrease of IL-8 concentration was associated with treatment failure (p= 0.052). Treatment based on drugs having immunomodulating activities may benefits from immunomonitoring using multiplex techniques. In conclusion, improving access to HIV and HCV diagnosis and monitoring are critical toward the control of these infections. Our work performed illustrate how dried blood spot, point of care testing, Fibroscan and simplified assays may contribute to HIV and HCV care in low resource setting. Key word : Co-infection HIV-HCV, IV drug user, dried blood Spot, liver fibrosis, fibroscan, APRI, Pegylated interferon, Vietnam
Bani, Sadr Firouzé. "PARTICULARITES DE L'INFECTION VHC ET DE LA THERAPEUTIQUE ANTI-VHC CHEZ LES PATIENTS CO-INFECTES VIH/VHC". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809569.
Texto completoPerez, Lorena Pia. "Diversité génétique de Trypanosoma cruzi dans les cas de co-infection par le virus VIH au Brésil : données cliniques, biologiques, épidémiologiques". Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T017.
Texto completoSchnuriger, Aurélie. "Etude des caractéristiques immunologiques et virologiques associées à la guérison de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C au cours d'une infection par le VIH". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066262.
Texto completoOrikiriza, Patrick. "Improving diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in a high TB-HIV prevalent setting". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT026.
Texto completoThe world health organization estimates that in 2017, close to 1 million children below 15 years developed tuberculosis but only half of them were notified. Difficulty to obtain sputum in children and the paucibacillary nature of intrathoracic childhood tuberculosis challenge the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. This leads to the common use of empirical treatment with a high risk of over or under diagnosis. Besides that, few facilities in low resource settings have adequate laboratory capacity to diagnose tuberculosis. Samples must be transported to a reference laboratory, which can effect performance of the tests, especially in the absence of cold chain.Three studies were conducted in Mbarara (Uganda) to evaluate non-respiratory samples and specimen preservation methods to improve diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis. In the first study, we assessed the performance of XpertMTB/RIF on sputum and stool in children with presumptive tuberculosis and documented outcomes of children according to the tuberculosis treatment decision. In the second study, we assessed the performance of stool XpertMTB/RIF and urine lipoarabinomanann (LAM) among children admitted with severe illness. In the 3rd study, we determined XpertMTB/RIF and MGIT culture recovery rates of smear positive sputum specimen kept untreated at room temperature and treated with either Omnigene or ethanol over different time periods.Of 392 children (median age 3.9 years, 45.4% female and 31% HIV infected) enrolled in the 1st study, 4.3% (17/392) were microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis. Using a microbiological reference standard, sputum XpertMTB/RIF had a 90.9% sensitivity and specificity of 99.1%. The sensitivity and specificity of stool XpertMTB/RIF was 55.6% and 98.2%. The study reported mortality of 6.9% within three months with a higher proportion (10.7%) among children treated for tuberculosis compared to the non-treated children (4.5%). None of treated children with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis died compared to 12.3% of those treated empirically.Of 234 patients (median age 16.5 months, 48.3% female, 31.6% HIV infected, 58.5% severely malnourished) enrolled in the 2nd study, 5.1% were microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis. Stool XpertMTB/RIF had a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 99.1%. For the urine LAM test, it was 50% and 74.1%, respectively. False positive LAM results were more common among low grade positive LAM results and occurred more frequently when urine samples had bacterial contamination.The 3rd study documented that by 15th day, there was no difference of XpertMTB/RIF recovery rate between samples treated with Omnigene or ethanol and untreated samples, meaning that in the study conditions there was no benefit of adding any preservative for samples stored at room temperature up to 15 days. We observed a substantial loss of viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on samples treated with Omnigene, which does not support the use of Omnigene for sample transportation before MGIT testing.In conclusion, XpertMTB/RIF on stool gave promising results for the use in children unable to provide sputum and could be an interesting alternative to more complex methods such as sputum induction and gastric aspirate for primary health care centers of limited resource countries. The low specificity of the urine LAM requires further investigation before its use for diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Despite the encouraging XpertMTB/RIF results from specimen preserved either with Omnigene or ethanol further evaluation under routine field conditions is necessary
Berdah, Mikaël Lesprit Philippe. "Légionellose et infection par le virus d'immunodéficience humaine". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0242317.pdf.
Texto completoLecointe, Didier. "Rôle des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs au cours de la co-infection des cellules gliales humaines par le cytomegalovirus humain et le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114806.
Texto completoRemion, Azaria. "Coinfections, superinfections et interférences virales des VIH - 1 au niveau cellulaire". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC108.
Texto completoThe importance of genetic recombination in the evolution of HIV-1 is such that it could be a separate step in the infection cycle of the virus. This phenomenon is possible only after a double cellular infection. However, infection of a cell by an HIV-1 virus reduces its susceptibility to be reinfected by a phenomenon called viral interference. Our objectives were to characterize the dynamics of cell susceptibility to HIV-I infection doubles and identify possible changes of this parameter based on the dual infection time to research the different actors at the origin of these variations. To achieve the dual infections (co-infections and superinfection), in vitro, we used two types of HIV-1 viral particles each having a different rapporteur protein, GFP and HSA protein. These virus particles allowed us, by flow cytometry, follow the distributions of these two infections versus time delay between the two events. We propose a novel approach to quantify some of the mechanisms induced by different actors of the HIV-viral interference after the first HIV infection. While only the expression of Rev within infected cells is necessary and sufficient to significantly reduce the distribution of superinfection, the expression of other viral genes used to apply an additional viral restriction. We also demonstrate that in the absence of these independent but complementary viral mechanisms, infected cells retain over time an increased susceptibility to infections doubles
Bourgeois, Nathalie. "Suivi de la leishmaniose viscérale méditerranéenne et de la résistance à l'amphotéricine B et aux antimoniés chez les patients infectés par le VIH". Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1TA06.
Texto completoVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an opportunistic infection in HIV-I-positive patients. Recurrences are frequent despite Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy and adequate antileishmanial treatment. The first part of this work consisted in a 'bioclinical' study of a cohort of 27 Leishmania/HIV co-infected patients which were followed-up in the long term; this allowed (i) highlighting VL risk factors, (ii) showing the major interest of PCR in clinical and drug treatment follow-up of these patients, and (iii) defining a nosological entity of VL specific to this kind of patients. The inefficiency of amphotericin B treatment in these patients then lead us on the ione hand, to characterize Leishmania infantum isolates in order to determine the nature of their secondary episodes of VL (relapse or re-infection), and, on the other hand, to study the in vitro drug sensitivity of the same isolates. Different methods of in vitro drug susceptibility testing were perfected and evaluated using both promastigote and amastigote forms. Sensitivity to amphotericin Band antimonials was evaluated. Finally, ergosterol being the target of amphotericin B, we analyse the modifications in membrane sterol composition of sensitive and resistant parasites. These studies permitted to validate three in vitro drug susceptibility methods. The apparent absence of in vitro resistance to amphotericine B despite an absence of clinical response, the high resistance rate to antimonials and the modifications in membrane sterol composition of amphotericin B resistant strains are discussed
Kfutwah, Anfumbom Kitu Womeyi. "Effet du VIH-1 et de la prophylaxie de la transmission mère-enfant (TME) associés ou non à une co-infection palustre sur la balance des cytokines/chimiokines au sein de l'environnement placentaire". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077115.
Texto completoMore than 90% of hiv-1 infected children acquire the virus through mother-to-child transmission (mtct). Antiretroviral (arv) prophylaxis have greatly reduced mtct of hiv-1 in the developed world. Before 2000, no effective program on the prevention of mtct existed in cameroun. The main objectives of this thesis were to contribute in the initiation of a program on the prevention of hiv-1 mtct in cameroun using nevirapine (nvp) and to study factors associated with the control or not of mtct such as the placental cytokine profiles and malaria confections. We observed a 13% mtct of hiv-1 with nvp prophylaxis in a context of a large hiv-1 diversity in yaounde. Less than 5% of the pregnant women naïve of arv treatment presented resistant mutations to arv. A high variability was observed in the mrna expression and secretion of cytokines in the placentas of both hiv-1 negative and positive women. Analyses considering clinical parameters revealed significant differences between hiv-1 negative and positive women, with tnf-a predominating in the hiv-1 positive group. Malaria parasitemia was significantly higher among hiv-1 positive women. Malaria parasite was observed to greatly alter the placenta cytokine environment. We then showed in parallel that tnf-a, which is associated with malaria, enhanced viral replication on hiv-1 infected placental histocultures. Together, these results show that nvp is efficient in the prevention of hiv-1 mtct and that malaria could alter this efficiency by modulating the placental cytokine environment
Pinto, Maria da Conceição. "Tuberculose e infecção VIH/SIDA : uma análise comparativa em Portugal continental no biénio 2008-2009". Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9680.
Texto completoABSTRACT - Introduction: Currently 11.3 million people are co-infected with TB/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) infection, a major cause of disability and death worldwide. It’s determined by the exposure of individuals to risk factors and Social Determinants of health. Several measures are established nationally and internationally in the fight against TB and HIV. Objectives: Characterize and compare the cases of TB among individuals not infected with HIV and those are infected with HIV, considering the socio-demographic characteristics, treatment, comorbidities and risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive, observational and quantitative. The information was obtained from the database of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Tuberculosis TB cases reported between 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009. For treatment and statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) program used was SPSS version 18,0. Results: 12,8% of individuals were co-infected with TB / HIV and 87,2% were not co-infected. The presence of HIV in tuberculosis cases has evidence of relationship with almost all study variables (p<0.00) except for the presence of renal failure (p <0.307). Have a higher probability of risk of co-infection TB/HIV men, age [35, 44 [, foreigners, unemployed, be in retreatment and smoking. Patients with Liver Disease (OR = 5,238; 95% CI: 3,706; 7,403; AOR = 3,104; 95% CI: 2,164; 4,454), associated pathologies (OR = 13,199; 95% CI: 11,246; 15,491; AOR = 21,348; 95% CI: 17,569; 25,940) and risk factors (OR = 3,237; 95% CI: 2,968; 3,531; AOR = 2,644; 95% CI: 2,414; 2,985) have greater likelihood of co-infection TB/HIV. The adjustment for sex and age interfered in all study variables. Conclusion: Individuals males, age range [35; 44 [, unemployed, foreigners, being on retreatment, who smoke have a higher probalidade of risk of being co-infected with TB/HIV.
Jaouen-Jouvencel, Anne-Christine. "Variabilité du génome du virus de l'hépatite C dans la région HVR 1 du gène E2 : étude sur 22 patients co-infectés par le VHC et le VIH". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23063.
Texto completoGriesbeck, Morgane. "Dissecting mechanisms underlying increased TLR7-mediated IFNα production in pDCs in physiological and pathophysiological settings : between sex differences and HIV-1-HCV co-infection". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066444/document.
Texto completoType I interferons (IFN) can be produce by any cell type but plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the main producers. IFNa orchestrates multiple pathogenic mechanisms in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Studying physiological and pathophysiological model scan provide critical informations on how to harness IFNa signaling for therapeutic purposes. pDCs from females produce more IFNa upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 stimulation than pDCs from males. The mechanisms underlying such difference have only been partially identified. We demonstrate here a mechanism by which increased IRF5 expression in females, under the control of the esrogen receptor a, contribute to increased IFN? production upon TLR7 stimulation. HCV co-infection is one of the major cause of mortality among HIV-1 infected individuals. We hypothesized that increased chronic immune activation observed in HCV-HIV-1 co-infected individuals may be related to altered TLR7/IFNa signaling in pDCs. Our data show that HCV triggers alterations in pDCs and IFNa signaling in HIV-1 co-infected individuals, which are associated to hepatic disease severity. Our results suggest that HCV-HIV-1 co-infected individuals, even with minimal fibrosis, may benefit from ealier treatment initiation
Gomgnimbou, Kireopori michel. "Nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic, de contrôle et de surveillance de la tuberculose à bacilles sensibles ou multirésistants dans les pays à forte co-infection au VIH : applications en Santé Publique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112210.
Texto completoTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide despite all the efforts to fight this disease. The emergence of multi drug and extensively drug resistant TB and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS constitute major threats and challenge for the TB control and eradication. TB control requires measures in public health and in individual level as accessibility to tests for early diagnostic, effective treatment and tools for tuberculosis surveillance and control.The goals of this work were research, development and validation of new molecular multiplexed methods based on polymorphism of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Palindromic Repeats) loci and single nucleotides polymorphisms. These methods are rapid, high throughput, cheap and can be applied both for public health purposes (transmission of susceptible and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, evaluation of national TB programs) as for interest of TB patient (drug resistance testing, infra-specific identification). Thus we developed spoligoriftyping and “TB-SPRINT” tests that allow genotyping and rifampicin or rifampicin and isoniazide resistance detection. Another test was developed for subtyping of M. africanum. All these methods had high performances (sensitivity/specificity), 99/100% for the spoligoriftyping and about 95/100% for the “TB-SPRINT” and were applied for molecular epidemiology studies of countries as Nigeria, Brazil and Pakistan. Other ongoing work and developments of genotyping methods are the spoligotyping of L. pneumophila and S. enterica and comparative genomics projects.Used in routine, our methods may play key roles in TB control and would allow important advances in Public Health, in medical and environmental Microbiology
Moisan, Alice. "Formes recombinantes inter-groupes M et O du VIH-1 : Etude de leur potentiel réplicatif et de leur émergence in vitro/in vivo In vivo emergence of an HIV-1/MO recombinant revealed undiagnosed HIV-1/M+O co-infection". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR126.
Texto completoHIV-1 are characterized by a high genetic diversity and genetic recombination has an strong impact on their evolution. Despite their great genetic divergence, HIV-1 group M, pandemic, and group O, endemic in Cameroon, can generate HIV-1/MO intergroup recombinants. The current description of 19 HIV-1/MO recombinant forms (URF_MO), including 10 in the last ten years, raises the question of a possible benefit of the recombination and the modalities of their emergence. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to study the replicative potential and the in vitro and in vivo emergence of HIV-1/MO recombinant forms. The replicative potential was analyzed, based on a simple recombination pattern, [Ogag/pol-Menv], harbouring a breakpoint in Vpr, due to a recombination hotspot in this region. After many attemptsto generate Chimeric Infectious Molecular Clone (CIMC) from HIV-1/M subtype B and HIV-1/O subgroup T parental infectious molecular clones, a CIMC pVIH-1/OM was synthesized and provided recombinant viruses by transfection and co-culture. A stock was generated to compare the replicative potential of recombinant viruses with HIV-1/M and HIV-1/O parental strains. Two markers were monitored in culture supernatants: Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activity and P24 antigen quantity. The results showed a superiority of the group M parental strain compared to group O for both markers. In contrast, for the HIV-1/OM recombinant strain, RT activity data did not overlap with the amount of P24 antigen, suggesting an hybrid behaviour of the recombinant, in terms of enzyme activity and P24 production. In vitro, the emergence modalities were apprehended by the study of the generation of breakpoints within the LTRs, initially discordant, of the generated HIV-1/OM recombinants and in which a recombination event had to occure to become identical. Emergence kinetics and recombination profiles were analysed, using a Single Genome Amplification strategy, in order to characterize RNA and DNA quasi-species. Our results showed a preferential localization of recombination in the R region of LTRs, with three major recombination patterns (506-513bp, 513-522bp and 523-547bp), the second one predominating at the end of culture. Our experimental model was validated by comparing these results with the in vivo data from URF_MOs. Other recombination patterns were observed in vivo, suggesting that patterns and mechanisms of recombination are not unique. In vivo, we had the opportunity to describe a unique case of HIV-1/MO recombination which revealed an undiagnosed HIV-1/M+O dual infection, based on discordant results in a routine drug-resistance test in an individual initially diagnosed as HIV-1/M. This work allowed us to characterize the replication dynamics of the HIV-1/M and HIV-1/O viral populations before recombination, and that of the HIV-1/MO recombinant. The immunovirological follow-up of this patient has allowed to date the emergence of this recombinant form, probably favored by therapeutic dysobservances and the succession of virological failures. This case highlights the complexity of following such situations and the need, in particular, for antiretroviral therapy active on the three viral populations. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the phenomenon of HIV recombination and offer many opportunities to work
Capot, Rullier Anne. "L'hépatite chronique virale C chez les sujets co-infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : histologie, étude de la fibrose, détection intrahépatique du virus de l'hépatite C et comparaison avec les sujets immunocompétents". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23002.
Texto completoNouhin, Janin. "Roles of cellular innate immunity and inflammatory markers in the immune reconstitution syndrome observed during co-infection with tuberculosis in HIV infected patients in Cambodia". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC330.
Texto completoSimultaneous anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral (ARY) therapy in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients can be complicated due to the occurrence of TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). The diagnosis test of TB-IRIS is not yet available and mainly based on clinical data. A better understanding of TB-IRIS immunopathology is crucial to improve diagnostic test and patients’ clinical outcomes. Innate immunity seems increasingly play a role in TB-IRIS. In the present doctoral thesis, is studied the role of cellular innate immunity, including NKT and γδ t cells, and as well as the implication of IL-1Ra, sCD14 and sCD163 plasma soluble markers related to the activation of monocytes/macrophages in the development of iris in HIV and TB co-infected patients in Cambodia. The results have shown that 1/. TB-IRIS is associated with a strong activation of γδ t cells and γδ2+ subset before initiation of ARY, 2/. None of IL-1Ra, sCD14 and sCD163 markers was predictive of the onset of iris. Longitudinal analysis of IL-1Ra plasma level could be useful for the diagnosis of the iris occurrence and for the evaluation of response to TB-IRIS In conclusion, our results reveal the association between important activation of innate immunity and the emergence of TB-IRIS in the physiopathology. In addition, our data provides new element of TB-IRIS and markers for evaluation of TB treatment efficacy
Yaya, Issifou. "Comportements de santé et styles de vie des patients coinfectés par le VIH et VHC : impact sur l'accès aux soins et l'évolution clinique de l'hépatite C". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0750/document.
Texto completoObjectives: The main objectives of this thesis are: 1) analysis of the evolution of the epidemiological profile of co-infected HIV-HCV patients initiating the treatment of hepatitis C; 2) assessment of the impact of health behaviors and lifestyles on the clinical course of the diseaseResults: I was able to highlight that the profile of co-infected HIV-HCV patients initiating treatment for hepatitis C has changed in France with the evolution of treatments.My work has shown that, in HIV-HCV coinfected patients, high coffee consumption (3 cups per day or more) decreases the risk of advanced liver fibrosis. This beneficial effect of coffee is also observed in co-infected HIV-HCV patients with high alcohol consumption. In addition, my work has shown a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of cocoa consumption and the reduced risk of advanced liver fibrosis in coinfected HIV-HCV patients. Furthermore, my analyzes did not reveal a significant effect of coffee consumption on the risk of advanced liver fibrosis in coinfected HIV-HCV women. Finally, one of the striking results of the relationship between HCV and known risk of obesity is that healing increases this risk in the long term.Conclusion: Interventions to modify certain lifestyles and behaviors have the potential to reduce the risk of developing or worsening comorbidities, particularly after HCV healing, an event now achievable for all co-infected patients
TAVARES, Ana Maria Pinho. "HIV, tuberculosis and co-infection among migrant populations living in Portugal". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/105852.
Texto completoMigrant populations are exposed to several factors throughout their migratory journey and at the host country that can render an increased vulnerability to HIV and tuberculosis (TB). However, migrants’ vulnerability to these infectious diseases has been little explored in recent studies and in official reports, particularly regarding the Portuguese context. This thesis aims to contribute to improve knowledge on the burden of HIV, TB and HIV-TB co-infection among migrant populations in Portugal, and on the vulnerability of these populations to these infectious diseases. The specific objectives proposed are: 1) to describe prevalence and determine sociodemographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors related to HIV, TB and HIV-TB co-infection among migrants; 2) to describe clinical and genomic characteristics of migrants with HIV-TB co-infection; 3) to understand the specificities and barriers to TB care among migrants infected with TB or HIV-TB. The accomplishment of these objectives is based on a systematic review of literature, on a cross sectional community-based study, on the analysis of clinical and genomic data, and on a mixed-methods study with healthcare providers. High proportion of HIV infection (5.4%) and of a past TB infection (4.1%) were observed among sub-Saharan African migrants. Data from the systematic review of literature have also shown a higher prevalence of HIV-TB among migrants compared to nationals in European countries, particularly among those from sub-Saharan African countries. Many migrants reported inconsistent condom use (82.5%), multiple partners (23.5%) and engagement in commercial sex (10.8%). About half (49.7%) was never tested for HIV. Over a third (35%) of HIV-positive participants were not aware of their HIV status. HIV infection was associated with increasing age (1.07 [IC95%:1.03-1.11]), violence from a partner (2.77 [IC95%:1.08-7.10]), and consistent condom use (0.23 [IC95%:0.09-0.58]). Those who had TB in the past were more likely to be men (3.42 [IC95%1.29-9.06]) and HIV-positive (11.48 [IC95%:4.55-28.94]). Younger co-infected migrants were more likely to be simultaneously diagnosed for both infections, contrarily to older migrants. A higher proportion of non-B HIV strains were also observed among co-infected migrants compared to nationals, which was also related to a higher viral load. Primary healthcare providers referred that migrants’ unawareness about TB is an obstacle to its early diagnosis. Treatment is also frequently interrupted due to travels to their country of origin and due to lack of social support in the host country. Access and use of TB care by migrants is also frequently hampered by socioeconomic and administrative hurdles and by limited social protection. The findings from this work show that migrant populations remain vulnerable to HIV and TB in Portugal, particularly due to their unawareness about these infections and the healthcare services, due to their economic situation, and due to difficulties in accessing preventive measures and health care. Future interventions are needed in proximity with the communities, at social protection level, in the education for prevention, and in the access to healthcare services, also promoting international cooperation to appropriately respond to these global health issues.
Carreiro, Liliana Martins. "RELAÇÃO ESCOLA – FAMÍLIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA Relação Escola – Família em tempos de pandemia: Co(N)vid(AR) à reflexão". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94589.
Texto completoA Escola sempre desenvolveu competências académicas, contudo é imperativo que se desenvolvam também as competências socioemocionas, fulcrais para o desenvolvimento da prontidão escolar e necessárias para que as crianças atinjam o sucesso. Para isso, é fundamental que os educadores e professores estabeleçam parcerias com as famílias. Para desenvolver estas competências e estratégias que permitam o estabelecimento de parcerias entre a escola e as famílias implementámos um programa de formação para educadores e professores, o TCM – AI (Webster-Stratton, 2014).Com a chegada do confinamento obrigatório, decorrente da pandemia devido ao SARS-CoV2, a aprendizagem passou a ser realizada em casa. Para avaliar as perceções desta relação, durante este tempo, foram elaborados questionários para os educadores/professores que frequentaram três dos workshops do TCM, e para as famílias das crianças das suas salas. Foi ainda nosso objetivo verificar se os docentes utilizavam as estratégias abordadas durante os workshops. Os resultados obtidos mostram que todos os docentes implementaram estratégias do TCM - AI para melhorar a sua relação com as crianças e famílias e que as famílias avaliaram as interações com os docentes como muito boas e boas, enquanto estes avaliaram as interações com as famílias como boas.Concluímos que os maiores constrangimentos apontados foram a falta de acesso a meios tecnológicos e de literacia nesta área por parte dos pais. Para garantir equidade no acesso das famílias aos meios tecnológicos, diminuir as desigualdades das crianças com desvantagens socioeconómicas e assegurar a possibilidade de acesso a uma educação de qualidade, recomendamos que seja facultado às famílias acesso a meios tecnológicos e que se realizem formações para os pais, capacitando-os para trabalhar nas plataformas digitais. Estas formações devem ser iniciadas presencialmente, em pequenos grupos, de forma a garantir que se estabeleça um contacto próximo, passando, posteriormente, a formação a desenrolar-se online, permitindo a experiência nessas mesmas plataformas.
The School has always developed academic skills, however it is imperative that socio-emotional skills are also developed, because they are central to the development of school readiness and necessary for children to achieve success. Therefore, it is essential that educators and teachers establish partnerships with families. To develop social and emotional skills and strategies that allow the establishment of partnerships between school and families, we have implemented a training program for educators and teachers, the TCM - AI (Webster-Stratton, 2014).With the arrival of mandatory confinement, due to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, learning started to be done at home. To assess the perceptions of this relationship, during this time, we prepared questionnaires for educators/teachers who attended three of the TCM workshops, and for the families of the children in their classrooms. It was also our objective to verify if the teachers used the strategies discussed during the workshops. The results obtained show that all teachers implemented TCM - AI strategies to improve their relationship with children and families and that families rated interactions with teachers as very good and good, while educators/teachers rated interactions with families as good.In conclusion, the biggest constraints pointed out were the lack of access to technological means and literacy in this area by parents. In order to guarantee equity in the access of families to technological means, to reduce the inequalities of children with socioeconomic disadvantages and to ensure the possibility of access to quality education, we recommend that families be given access to technological means and that training be provided for parents, enabling them to work on digital platforms. These training courses must be initiated in person, in small groups, in order to ensure that close contact is established, with the training taking place later online, allowing the experience on those same platforms.Keywords: School-family partnership; social and emotional skills; distance learning, Covid-19 pandemic.