Literatura académica sobre el tema "Codigos perfectos"

The purpose of the present paper was to implement two computational models of structure-from-stereopsis comparing the computational utility of interval and distributed codings of image disparity. Interval codings represent disparity in discrete ranges, whereas distributed codings represent disparity using overlapping tuning curves similar to the response profiles of neurons found in the visual cortex of primates. We relate this also to recent neurophysiological work indicating that binocular neurons may be tuned to the relative phase of luminance input to the left and right eyes. A distributed coding of disparity has been shown previously to provide a good model for human stereoacuity. In this paper we show that it is also advantageous for solving the structure-from-stereopsis problem. Separate sets of neural network simulations were undertaken to learn a mapping function from (1) interval and (2) distributed disparity codings to a three-dimensional surface representation. Example pairs of disparity codings and surface representations were used to adjust the weights on a radial basis function network to learn the mapping function for the example surfaces. The generalizability of the learned mapping function was tested with novel surfaces. While the networks performed equally well (perfectly) on the learned surfaces, the distributed disparity coding networks generalized better to novel surfaces than did the interval code.

Abstract: In the academic world, Iqbal is known as a poet, philosopher, sufism, historian, and politician. The professions which he elaborated could reach the peak levels in their respective fields of life. In addition to his character, the concept he introduced and the reflection of his life were not only a synergy with Islamic law that derived from the Qur'an and As Sunnah, but also indeed both codices that leads his way of life. Due to these facts, he was dubbed as greatest Mujaddid in 20-th century.One of the concepts that makes him well recognized is the concept of love as expressed in a series of poems and was described as' ishq. 'Ishq is given from birth as God's grace by which will be cultivated and tested during the life to encounter all forms of humanity impairment leading to the perfection of life with the title 'the perfect Man’. Inside there is a blend of love and sense of intellect, love and reason, vision and power that are manifested in acts of prayer and work of scientists, and crystallized in the life of mysticism and scientism. Abstrak:Dalam dunia akademik, Iqbal dikenal sebagai penyair, filosof, sufisme, sejarawan, dan politikus. Profesionalisme yang ia tekuni mencapai tingkat puncaknya di atas masing-masing bidang kehidupan ini, di samping karakternya, baik level konseptual maupun refleksi hidupnya, bukan hanya sinergi dengan syariat Islam yang bersumber kepada Al-Quran dan sunnah Rasululillah, melainkan memang kedua naskah kuno itulah yang menuntun jalan hidupnya.Pantas kalau ia digelari mujaddidterbesar di abad 20.Satu diantara konsep yang menjadikan ia memperoleh nama besar adalah konsepnya tentang cinta yang diungkap dalam rangkaian puisi dan ia sebutnya sebagai ‘isyq. ‘Isyq diperoleh sebagai bawaan lahir dari rahmat Tuhan yang dengannya dipupuk dan diuji dalam medan kehidupan sambil menepis segala bentuk pelemahkan kemanusian menuju ke-sempurna-an hidup dengan predikat ‘the perfect Man’. Di dalamnya berpadu antara cinta dan akal intelek, love and reson, vision and power yang diwujudkan dalam tindak shalat dan kerja ilmuwan, dan mengkrital dalam kehidupan mistisime syar’i Keywords: cinta, intelek, the Perfect Man, khalīfah Allāh, waḥdah al-wujūd.

Technology provides new tools for agriculture to be able to optimize fertilization. Optical instruments are becoming valid tools for farmers in making decisions about fertilization, even though they need to be calibrated for specific crops. Chlorophyll meters and multispectral radiometers have been tested on rice, corn, and wheat and afterwards on vegetables, in timing fertilization. Today, threshold lines that are able to detect crop N status in tomato crops are available. These thresholds, obtained in experiments carried out at Padova University, were validated in three open-field experiments. The first experiment was carried out in 2004 at the University experimental farm on tomato cv. Perfect Peel. The second and third experiments were conducted in a commercial farm at Codigoro (Ferrara) in 2004–2005. Tomato cultivars used were `UGX 822' and `Precocix' in 2004, in 2005 `Jet' was also used. In all trials, a “standard fertilization” management was compared with fertigation guided using SPAD and/or Cropscan. Optical tools were used to manage fertigation adopting both “threshold method” and “reference plot method”. In general “guided fertigation” resulted in less nitrogen application (N supply reduced between 18% and 45%), especially when “threshold method” was adopted. Yields were comparable to “standard fertilization” treatments, showing a better efficiency of “guided fertigation”. In some cases, guiding fertigation by means of optical instruments allowed higher fruit fresh weight, although dry matter content and °Brix were not influenced. Guided fertigation reduced also the number of damaged fruit and the percentage of nonmarketable product.

Hoc in articulo itroductio, duae partes et conclusio habentur. In introductione auctor dicit, quod de canonibus 834—839 Codicis Juris Canonici a Papa Joanne — Paulo II promulgati tractat. Sed primum notionem ipsius Ecclesiae praebet. Quia ius de sacramentis tam hoc canonicum quam hoc liturgicum conditum est ab Ecclesia, saltem aliqua elementa scientiae ipsam Ecclesiam attingentis studentibus ius canonico — liturgicum omnino necessaria videntur. Hac de causa in parte prima sui articuli notionem Ecclesiae auctor elaborat. Quae quaestio difficultatibus non caret. Etenim Ecclesia simul est non solum societas perfecta sed etiam Corpus Christi Mysticum, Populus Dei, Mysterium, Sacramentum, et Communio. Altera in parte (longiore) canones 834—839 breviter exponuntur. — Can. 834 § 1 notionem liturgiae continet. — In can 834 § 2 conditiones ecclesiastici cultus publici statutae sunt. In can. 835 §§ 1 — 4 personae munus sanctificandi in Ecclesia exercentes numerantur, nempe: episcopi, presbyteri, diaconi, acolythi, lectores, coniuges — parentes, ceterique christifideles. In can. 835 norma datur de fide eiusque excitatione neconn illustratione. Ad norman can. 837 §§ 1—2 actus liturgici non sunt actiones privatae sed ad universum corpus Ecclesiae pertinent. Propterea cum frequentia et actuosa participatione christifidelium celebrantur. Can 838 §§ 1—4 declarat quod moderatio sacrae liturgiae unice ab auctoritate ecclesiastica exercetur. Hac de causa leges in re liturgica dant solummodo: Sedes Apostolica, Conferentiae Episcoporum et singuli episcopi dioecesani. De mediis sanctificandi ad sacram liturgiam non pertinentibus seu de oratione, paenitentia et de caritatis operibus, in can. 839 §§ 1—2 norma habetur. In fine articuli, nonnullos libros liturgicos a Sede Apostolica in Civitate Vaticana editos nondum nostra in patria publicatos esse, auctor vehementer dolet.

Introduction. The publication is a review of the critical edition of the preserved fragments of the Early Byzantine intellectual and diplomat Priscus Panita’s historical work who presented first of all unique information about the nature of international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean and in Europe at the time of increasing threats to the Eastern and Western Roman empires from the barbarians. Analysis. Italian scholar, philologist, and archaeographer P. Carolla who, unlike many of her predecessors, involved all the codices containing excerpts from the writings of Priscus for the publication, primarily confirmed the concept of her teacher, F. Bornmann, about the authenticity of texts related to the work of Priscus, but contained in the works created under control of the 10th-century emperor Constantine VII. The result of the presentation of these fragments is a logical series of formally separate texts which is based on a perfectly developed stem. This kind of classical archaeographic technique is supplemented by approaches different in their effectiveness to the publication of excerpts whose affiliation to the Priscus’ pen is not indisputable. The review notes that this kind of technique would have been more successful if Carolla had accompanied the published texts with a commentary on their content. But there are no such comments, but only some attempts to indicate that a number of passages belong to Priscus as an author. This approach impoverishes publisher’s archaeographic finds and is methodologically flawed. The disadvantages of such methods of publication are illustrated in the review by examples of hypothetical dependence of the corresponding “Hunnic” passages of the most famous historian of the 6th-century Byzantium Procopius of Caesarea on the texts of Priscus. Results. In general, however, the publication undertaken by Carolla not only presents well-organized topical texts to specialists, allowing them to expand the possibilities of studying the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, but also gives an additional impetus to improving the methodology of Byzantine archaeography.

Renaissance scholars such as Jacob Burkhardt, Ernst Cassirer, Paul Oskar Kristeller, and José Antonio Maravall have amply demonstrated that a program of letters (studia humanitatis) led, in the Renaissance, to a meditation on humanity. This article looks at the import of Renaissance letters in the more prosaic sense of alphabetic letters. 
 
 The printing press is of course the most obvious emblem of a new approach to alphabetic letters, and it is doubly important because it underscores the deep bonds between the philological program that reformed the study of Classical letters and a new means of textual transmission. This last has been the object of much good work by Elizabeth Eisenstein, Henri-Jean Martin, and Roger Chartier, among others. My concern here is more narrow.
 
 I pose the question of how European attitudes toward the alphabetic letter related to the Renaissance meditation on humanity in the 15th and 16th centuries and I speculate on the implications the European conceptualization of the letter had for the confrontation with, and assimilation of, New World culture, particularly as it was found in Mexico. In this article, I move to a consideration of what resulted when the Spanish encountered a textuality -- the textuality of Meso-America -- that was not based on the letter.
 
 
 Renaissance reformations of letter types reacted against the animated (to borrow Laura Kendricks' term) and corporeal medieval letter that stretched human and animal forms into letters (Giovanno de Grassi's alphabet is a representative instance). Against the monstrous medieval manuscript letter was pitted the Roman letter that, as 16th-century treatises proposed, deserved to become a model of rational order and symmetry. Fra Luca Pacioli (1497-1509) and Sigismondo de' Fanti (1514), for example, promulgated treatises on letter types, though Geoffroy Tory's great theoretical work Champ fleury (1529) stands out as the most sustained attempt to harmonize letter forms with the idealized human body as well as with Classical culture. For Tory, all letters are based on the form of the human body, as he demonstrates one by one from A to Z, using -- in typical Renaissance fashion -- a perfect, nude male form as his model. All of the letters are also simultaneously mapped onto a 10x10 grid, giving them a mathematical perfection. And all letters are combinations of the perfectly symmetrical "I" and "O", the "I" containing (for reasons Tory explains) the nine muses and Apollo while the "O" houses the seven liberal arts.
 
 Tory's treatise therefore makes Roman letter types a key link between dignitas hominis and the program of studia humanitatis. In a similar manner, Thomas More, when he meditates on a utopian society, conceives it as having a more perfect set of alphabetic letters than European ones, the letters being set out at the beginning of the first two editions of his Utopia (1516) along with an example of Utopian literature written in the script. More's alphabet is even more perfectly ordered than Tory's Roman alphabet, as all of More's utopenses litterae are formed from the perfect geometrical forms of the circle and the square. A superior humanity corresponds to a superior alphabet (the equation can also be run in reverse).
 
 What, then, are the implications of the European encounter with the New World, and, in particular, with the non-alphabetic culture of Meso-America? Meso-America, after all, was neither a culture without writing - a kind of "blank slate" Europeans could overwrite with letters - nor a lettered culture. Rather, it had a highly-developed pictogrammic system of writing that allowed it to produce texts that recorded, at one and the same time, historical accounts, tribute accounts, legends and calendars. The answer, to which I work, is that, for the Europeans, the textuality of the Meso-American empire needed to be brought under the reins of lettered European textuality just as their political territory needed to be conquered. The result was the creation of the mestizo codices that reproduced many elements of Pre-Columbian pictographic texts but organized them according to the exigencies of the European paginated book. In examining this phenomenon I argue that what was radically "other" was reduced to, and imported into Europe as, the radically "new," and I examine the relationship between alphabetic/non-alphabetic textualities and the European debate regarding the humanity of the Amerindians.

El objetivo de esta tesis es definir códigos perfectos sobre diferentes espacios de señal multidimensionales. Para resolver este problema, esta memoria presenta una relación original entre las Teorías de Grafos, Números y Códigos. Uno de nuestros principales resultados es la propuesta de una métrica adecuada sobre constelaciones de señal de tipo cuadrático, hexagonal y cuatro-dimensional. Esta métrica es la distancia entre los vértices de una nueva clase de grafos de Cayley definidos sobre diferentes anillos de enteros, en concreto, los enteros de Gauss, Eisenstein-Jacobi y Lipschitz. Así, resolvemos el problema de Teoría de Grafos conocido como el cálculo del conjunto perfecto dominante sobre las familias de grafos definidas en esta memoria. Para cada caso, daremos una condición suficiente para obtener dicho conjunto. La obtención de estos conjuntos de dominación implica directamente la construcción de códigos perfectos sobre los alfabetos que se consideran.Además, se obtendrán algunos resultados de isomorfía y embebimiento de grafos. En particular, se establecerán las relaciones entre grafos circulantes, toroidales y los que se presentan en este trabajo. Más concretamente, se mostrará que siempre existen órdenes para los cuales un grafo Toro puede ser embebido en un grafo Gaussiano, de Esenstein-Jacobi o de Lipschitz. Esto implica que la conocida distancia de Lee es un caso particular de las métricas presentadas en este trabajo.<br>The aim of this work is to define perfect codes for different multidimensional signal spaces. To solve this problem, this thesis presents an original relationship among the fields of Graph Theory, Number Theory and Coding Theory. One of our main findings is the proposal of a suitable metric over quadratic, hexagonal and four-dimensional constellations of signal points. This metric is the distance among vertices of a new class of Cayley graphs defined over integer rings, namely Gaussian integers, the Eisenstein-Jacobi integers and the Lipschitz integers.A problem in Graph Theory known as the perfect dominating set calculation is solved over the families of graphs defined in this memory. A sufficient condition for obtaining such a set is given for each case. The obtention of these sets of domination directly yields to the construction of perfect codes for the alphabets under consideration. In addition, some isomorphism and graph embedding results are going to be obtained. Specially, the relations between circulant, toroidal and the graphs presented in this work are stated. In particular, there always exist orders for which a Torus graph can be embedded in Gaussian, Eisenstein-Jacobi and Lipschitz graphs. This implies that the well-known Lee distance is a subcase of the metrics presented in this research.