Tesis: "Cognitives cards"

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Guirou, Camille. "Faciliter le débat sur les croyances dans les organisations : l'utilisation des cartes cognitives dans la décision publique locale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0583.

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Nous relatons comment nous avons bousculé les habitudes décisionnelles de 3 organisations en leur proposant d’intégrer une procédure souvent peu ou pas formalisée : le débat. Les organisations focalisent la majorité de leurs ressources sur la construction ou l’utilisation d’outils rationnels (Cabantous et Gond 2010, 2012; Cabantous, Gond, et Johnson-Cramer 2010; Subramony 2006), qui hiérarchisent un certain nombre d’options, mais qui sont insuffisants en termes de diversification des arguments disponibles (Hollard et Vion 2006).La théorie du sensemaking (Weick 1995, 1979, 2012, 1988; Weick, Sutcliffe, et Obstfeld 2005), notre cadre analytique, insiste au contraire sur l’importance de mettre en débat les croyances des acteurs dans le processus organisant (organizing).Nous avons mobilisé l’outil « cartes cognitives » (Allard-Poesi 1996; Cossette 1994, 2004; Eden 1992; Eden, Ackermann, et Cropper 1992; Axelrod 1976; Verstraete 1997a, 1998) dans 3 collectivités territoriales pour créer du débat. Or, l’utilisation des outils n’est pas neutre, et les théories sous-jacentes à ceux-ci sont performées par leur usage (Cabantous et Gond 2010, 2012; Cabantous, Gond, et Johnson-Cramer 2010).À quelles conditions pouvons-nous performer la théorie du sensemaking grâce aux cartes cognitives ? La réponse apportée par notre étude à cette question est que les procédures organisationnelles freinent la performation de la théorie du sensemaking dans les organisations, mais que l’utilisation des cartes cognitives des croyances peut provoquer chez les acteurs un écart cognitif favorable à l’adoption d’un modèle de décision énactionnel, améliorant ainsi la prise en compte des informations
In this study, we narrate how we shaked decisionnal habits in three organizations by proposing them to integrate a new procedure, often not formalized, into the decision process : debate. Organizations indeed focus most of their resources on the building or the use of rational tools (Cabantous et Gond 2010, 2012; Cabantous, Gond, et Johnson-Cramer 2010; Subramony 2006), wich rank a certain number of options but are not sufficient to diversify the available arguments (Hollard et Vion 2006).The theory of sensemaking (Weick 1995, 1979, 2012, 1988; Weick, Sutcliffe, et Obstfeld 2005) insists on the contrary on the importance to debate about beliefs into organizing.In order to implement organizationnal debate, we used cognitive mapping (Allard-Poesi 1996; Cossette 1994, 2004; Eden 1992; Eden, Ackermann, et Cropper 1992; Axelrod 1976; Verstraete 1997a, 1998) in three municipalities. The use of tools is not neutral, and theories are performed through them (Cabantous et Gond 2010, 2012; Cabantous, Gond, et Johnson-Cramer 2010).At which conditions is it possible to perform the theory of sensemaking thanks to cognitive cards ? The answer we brought through our study is that organizational procedures slow down performation of the sensemaking theory, but that the use of cognitive cards may create a cognitive gap propitious for the adoption of an enactionnal model of decision, which improves the consideration of diverse informations. In consequence, our studies allowed us to discuss the sensemaking theory, which neglects the constraining aspect of procedures above cognitive processes such as performation and decision

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Razananirina, Bruno Richard. "Effets de l’incertitude sur l’ouverture des firmes familiales. Une analyse à travers la perception des différentes dimensions de l’incertitude par les dirigeants". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30111.

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La présente thèse rentre dans le cadre de la gouvernance des entreprises familiales malgaches. Il s’agit d’identifier, dans le cadre malgache, les relations entre l’incertitude et le degré d’ouverture des entreprises familiales. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse des cartes cognitives idiosyncratiques de cinq dirigeants-propriétaires d’entreprises familiales.Les résultats révèlent que la prise en compte des différentes dimensions de l’incertitude en tant qu’attribut des transactions, apporte une meilleure compréhension du degré d’ouverture de ces firmes en tant que mode de gouvernance. Par ailleurs, des variables exogènes qui relèvent de l’Institution influencent le choix des modes de gouvernance. De plus, le profil de l’entrepreneur ainsi que les caractéristiques de l’entreprise ont montré leurs capacités explicatives dans la détermination des limites de la firme.En somme, le travail a débouché sur un modèle intégré de la gouvernance sur une base cognitive. Ce modèle prend en compte la perception des attributs des transactions, les institutions mises en place pour encadrer ces transactions, tout ceci dans un contexte bien déterminé
This thesis is part of the global issue of malagasy family business’ governance. Our goal is to identify, in the malagasy context, the relationship between uncertainty and the degree of openness of those companies. We proceed through the analysis of the idiosyncratic cognitive cards of five owner-directors of family owned companies.The results show that by taking into account the different dimensions of uncertainty as an attribute of the transactions, bring a better understanding of the degree of openness as a choice of governance. Moreover, exogenous variable, part of Institution, influence the governance model. In addition of that, the entrepreneurs’ profile or the characteristics of the companies have shown their explaining abilities while determining the firms’ limits.In summ, we arrive to an integrated model of governance in a cognitive basis. This model consider the attributes of transaction, the institution and the particular context of the study

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Manoussaki, Kallia. "Cognitive mechanisms underlying perseveration on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21200.

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Four studies were undertaken with the aim of investigating primarily task conditions associated with perseveration on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). In addition, the last study examined the possibility that perseveration may be associated with a reduced emotional reaction to feedback received during the WCST. The prevalent idea regarding perseveration has been that it is a result of an inability to disengage from a behaviour that is "overlearned" or that has become habitual (Milner, 1963). Following this premise, it was initially hypothesised that perseveration on a particular response would increase as reinforcement of this particular response increases. In the first study, the standard WCST as well as two variations differing in number of correct consecutive trials per category (CCT) (WCST5 and WCST15) were administered to twenty individuals with brain injury and an equal number of healthy participants. The purpose of the study was to examine a possible dif ference in perseveration when individuals were offered more (15) or less CCTs (5) for each sorting category on the WCST. Contrary to predictions, the healthy group showed significantly fewer perseverative errors and total errors on WCST15 when compared both to WCSTI0 and to WCST5 although no significant difference was found between WCST10 compared to WCST5. The brain injured group showed significantly more perseveration on CST15 compared to WCSTIO but not compared to WCST5. Also CSTIO and WCST5 were not significantly different in terms of perseveration. However, after the exclusion of individuals who did not complete any categories, the results resembled those of the healthy group. Overall the results indicated that perseveration is not likely to be a result of an inability to inhibit well-learned responses. The second study was an attempt to confirm the findings of the first study whilst eliminating the possibility of a practice effect. Twenty individuals with closed head injury were administered either WCST5 or WCST15. Perseveration was not found to be significantly different between the two groups tested. It was suggested that the results were inconclusive owing to the exceptionally high perseveration scores of the participants. The study highlighted a serious methodological issue, namely that the effect of number of CCT cannot be accurately assessed on individuals with exceptionally high perseveration scores. The third study included sixteen individuals with traumatic brain injury and four individuals with Korsakoff's disease who were tested on either WCST5 or WCST15. Apart from the number of CCT, both versions differed from the original in that ambiguous cards were removed and participants were allowed to determine the sequence of sorting categories. The aim of this study was to confirm earlier data, investigate the effect of ambiguity and alter the task to ensure that at least one sorting category being completed. Data analysis revealed that, as expected, the group that was tested on the WCST15 produced significantly less erseverative errors when compared to the group that was tested on the WCST5. The final study aimed firstly at confirming preceding findings but more importantly at further investigating a possible link between perseveration and an inefficient use of cues. Damasio's idea of the somatic marker (1991) was adapted in an attempt to examine whether perseveration is linked with a decreased emotional reaction to feedback on the WCST. High perseverators (individuals with 20% and above perseveration) were expected to show a lower Skin Conductance Response (SCR) indicating a reduced emotional response to feedback received by the examiner. In addition SCR after negative feedback was expected to be higher than SCR after positive feedback owing to the corrective nature of the negative cue. Twenty-six participants without neurological history were administered either WCST5 or WCST15. As in the third study, the sequence of sorting categories was undetermined and ambiguous cards were removed. The study supported earlier findings showing that perseveration is significantly lower on WCST15 compared to WCST5. No significant differences in SCR were found between high and low perseverators or between negative and positive feedback. In addition, SCR was not proven to be significantly lower for negative feedback compared to positive feedback. Consequently, the idea that perseveration is associated with a decreased emotional reaction to feedback, was not supported. Overall, with the exception of the second study, the findings contradicted the prevalent idea that forming a strong "response set" would increase perseveration. In fact, they indicated that performance on the WCST is facilitated by a stronger response set, and perseveration decreases. This view is inconsistent with the way perseveration is viewed in the current literature but is consistent with early conceptualisations of perseveration (Grant and Berg, 1948, Gormezanno and Grant, 1958 or Pribram, 1961) that suggest that perseveration may be linked to ambiguity or unreliability of feedback. However, the findings of the fourth study did not provide evidence for a decreased emotional reaction to cues among perseverators during the WCST. Further investigation would be helpful in deciphering the relationship between perseveration and the use of external feedback.

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Wagner, Gabriela Peretti. "Disfunções executivas no envelhecimento cognitivo : investigações com os instrumentos Tarefa do Jogo e Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11247.

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Esta dissertação consiste em dois estudos que têm por objetivo investigar a existência de disfunções executivas no envelhecimento. Estudos recentes sugerem a existência de disfunções executivas no Declínio Cognitivo Leve (DCL). O objetivo do Estudo 1 foi verificar a presença de disfunções executivas em pacientes com DCL. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas (WCST) e a Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). Foram estudados dez pacientes com e 27 sem DCL. Os dados foram analisados através do teste t de Student para amostras independentes e da análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas. Os resultados não evidenciaram diferença significativa entre os grupos nos índices de resposta do WCST e no número de cartas retiradas de cada baralho no IGT. O estudo da evolução do desempenho no IGT revelou diferença qualitativa entre os grupos. Idosos sem DCL aprendem ao longo da tarefa, enquanto idosos com DCL não o fazem, sugerindo uma interferência dos sistemas de memória na tomada de decisão. O Iowa Gambling Test tem sido um instrumento utilizado na avaliação da tomada de decisão. O objetivo do Estudo 2 foi investigar se alterações nos procedimentos de aplicação do instrumento interferem no desempenho durante a execução do teste. Foi realizado um estudo transversal comparando dois grupos de idosos saudáveis em duas variações do instrumento. O grupo I contou com 27 participantes, que executaram a tarefa sem pista de reforço visual. O grupo II foi composto por 17 participantes, submetidos à tarefa com pista. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes t de Student para amostras independentes e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos na execução do teste em relação à aversão ao risco (F=2,466; p=0,05; df=2). Os resultados indicam que uma pista de reforço visual possibilita maior alocação de recursos atencionais e de memória de trabalho, permitindo que os idosos tomem decisões menos arriscadas.
This dissertation is formed by two works that aim to investigate executive dysfunction on ageing. Recent studies suggest the existence of executive dysfunctions in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of the first study was to verify the presence of executive dysfunctions in patients with MCI. The instruments used were the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). Ten patients with and 27 without MCI were assessed. The data were analyzed through Student t test for independent samples and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. The results did not show significant difference between groups in the answer rates of WCST and in the number of cards withdrawn from each pack of cards in the IGT. The study of the performance evolution in the IGT revealed a qualitative difference between the groups. Elderly without MCI learn along the task, while elderly with MCI did not, suggesting an interference of memory systems in decision making. The Iowa Gambling Test has been an instrument used in the assessment of decision making. The aim of the second study was to investigate if changes in the application procedures of the instrument interfere in the performance through the test execution. A cross sectional study was carried out comparing two groups of healthy elderly in two variations of the instrument. The group I included 27 participants, which executed the task without clue of visual reinforcement. The group II was composed by 17 participants, submitted to the task with clue. The data were analyzed through the Student t test for independent samples and ANOVA for repeated measures. It was found statistically significant difference between the two groups in the execution of the test in relation to risk aversion (F=2,466; p=0,05; df=2). The results indicate that a clue of visual reinforcement permits greater allocation of attention resources and of working memory, allowing elderly to make least risky decisions.

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Scholz, Robert. "Behavior Cards - ett programmeringsverktyg för barn". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-66.

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This thesis presents the work of developing and testing a programming tool specially designed for children. The purpose of this tool is to make children capable of creating visual simulations and games that consist of actors interacting in a virtual world. The name of the programming tool is Behavior Cards, which comes from the fact that actors are programmed by giving them cards representing different kinds of behaviors. Behaviors are to some extent pre-programmed and can include general events specifying how the actors should act in different situations, in contrast to specifying every possible situation that can occur. The idea is that Behavior Cards should be easier to use than a more traditional text based programming tool, but it should also be expressive within the domain of visual games. These goals can be accomplished by using different types of representations – such as icons, symbols and text – combined with an interaction technique based on direct manipulation of objects. Two versions of Behavior Cards have been developed and tested together with 11-year-old children. The results show that behaviors were useful for programming relatively advanced visual programs in a quick and effective manner, and that the children were able to learn and use the concept for creating simple programs. Further studies are needed to examine if children also can analyze and solve more complex programming problems.

Arbetet som den här uppsatsen beskriver omfattar utveckling och testning av ett programmeringsverktyg för barn. Syftet med verktyget är att barn ska kunna skapa visuella simulationer och spel genom att programmera aktörer som agerar och interagerar med varandra i en värld. Programmeringsverktygets namn är Behavior Cards, vilket kommer av att aktörernas agerande programmeras genom att tilldela dem kort som representerar olika typer av beteenden. Beteenden är till viss del förprogrammerade och kan innehålla generella händelser för hur aktörer ska agera i olika situationer, i motsats till att definiera varje tänkbar situation som kan uppkomma. Tanken är att programmerandet ska vara enklare än med traditionella, textbaserade, programmeringsspråk, men samtidigt kraftfullt inom den specifika domänen. Detta kan åstadkommas genom att använda olika typer av representationer – såsom ikoner, symboler och text – i kombination med en interaktionsteknik baserad på direktmanipulation av objekt. Två prototyper av programmeringsverktyget har utvecklats och testats på barn i 11-årsåldern. Resultaten visar att beteenden är tillämpbart för att programmera relativt avancerade visuella program på ett snabbt och effektivt sätt, och att barnen kunde lära sig och använda konceptet för att skapa enkla program. Det krävs dock fördjupade studier för att ta reda på om barn kan analysera samt lösa mer komplexa programmeringsproblem.

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Franco-Watkins, Ana M. "Surface and Structural Similarity in Analogical Reasoning: Transfer from a Card Game to the Monty Hall Problem". W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626236.

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Lovette, Brenda Cole Helm-Estabrooks Nancy. "The LIV Card Sort an investigation of use relative to cognitive and linguistic variables /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1692.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Medicine, the Department of Allied Health, the program of Speech-Language Pathology." Discipline: Allied Health Sciences; Speech-Language Pathology; Department/School: Medicine.

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Janes, Jessica L. "Successive Relearning Improves Performance on a High-Stakes Exam in a Difficult Biopsychology Course". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555593773001858.

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Lee, Yuk-yin y 李鈺妍. "Attitudes of people in Hong Kong to cars and the environment: an application of cognitive dissonancetheory". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261127.

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Wardin, Lydia. "Classification accuracy of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in detecting noncredible cognitive performance in neuropsychological outpatients". Thesis, Adler School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3664150.

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The current study sought to examine the classification accuracy of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as an embedded performance symptom validity test (PVT) among three different samples. The sample of interest included 110 participants with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). For comparison, the study included 69 participants with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (STBI) and 155 non-neurological patients with mixed depression/anxiety psychiatric diagnoses (PSYCH). Furthermore, a logistically derived combination of Number Correct, Perseverative Responses, and Trials to First Category was created as an additional predictor variable named WCSTCOMB. Results indicated significant group differences between the credible performance (PASS) and non-credible performance (FAIL) groups for the PSYCH sample in the following variables: Number of Trials, Total Errors, Perseverative Errors, Perseverative Responses, Number of Categories Completed, and WCSTCOMB. Significant group differences in the STBI sample were found in the following variables: Number of Trials, Total Errors, Perseverative Errors, Perseverative Responses, Number of Categories Completed, and WCSTCOMB. The study found no significant differences in the WCST variables between the PASS and FAIL groups in the mTBI sample. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that Perseverative Responses and WCSTCOMB had acceptable classification accuracy of at least .70 in the PSYCH group. In the STBI group, ROC analysis found that the following WCST variables had at least acceptable classification accuracy of at least .70 for the following: Number of Trials, Total Errors, Perseverative Errors, Perseverative Responses, Number of Categories Completed, and WCSTCOMB. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, negative predictive power, and recommended raw cutoff scores were provided for WCST variables with acceptable classification accuracy. Acceptable classification accuracy was not found among any WCST variables in the mTBI sample. Results do not provide support for the WCST as an embedded PVT among those with mTBI. However, results did provide support for the WCST as embedded PVTs with populations with moderate to severe TBI and depressed/anxious outpatients.

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Wolfe, Phillip R. "A Cognitive Process Approach to Interpreting Performance on the Booklet Category Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test". DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6007.

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Modified administration techniques that relied on patient verbalization of reasoning on each item were devised. For the WCST, verbalized scores correlated highly with conventional scores. However, patterns of age, education, and IQ covariates for each scoring condition were very different, raising questions concerning what such verbalized scores measured. Further research based upon a prospective research design was suggested to address this question. Factor analysis of WCST scores for each scoring condition resulted in almost identical three-factor solutions in each case: (a) ineffective, perseverative responding; (b) nonperseverative number errors; and (c) Maintaining Set. A three-part hierarchy of response determinants for the CT was utilized, consisting of (a) concrete perceptual attributes; (b) cognitive organization of perceptual attributes into abstract patterns; and (c) relating abstract patterns to the corresponding number responses. Decision trees were devised to prescribe a set of rules for coding each score. Utilization of this approach yielded adequate test-retest reliability for recoding responses. Sets of variables for each subtest were factor analyzed, with second order factor analysis of all factors from each subtest in order to determine if common cognitive process scores on each subtest described cognitive process scores on other subtests. Results revealed similar factor solutions for each subtest, but subtest-specific factors were not predictive of similar factor scores on other subtests, except for Subtests V and VI, which are based upon the same principle. Factors related to Maintaining Set predicted most of the variance in subtest error scores. Factor scores related to Determinant Shifting were predictive of error scores to a much lesser degree than Maintaining Set factor scores. Determinant Shifting factor scores appeared to be independent of Maintaining Set factor scores, and also showed much more independence from age, education, and IQ covariates. The relationship between CT and WCST factor scores was slightly lower than the relationship between CT error scores and WCST summary scores. Suggestions for further research were discussed.

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Routhier, Marie-Ève. "Flexibilité cognitive et ajustement social chez les enfants atteints de déficience motrice cérébrale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44906.

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Les enfants déficients moteurs cérébraux (DMC) qui sont intégrés en classe régulière présentent un risque élevé de difficultés d'intégration sociale. Très peu d'études ont tenté d'identifier les facteurs de risque de ces difficultés (Yude, Goodman, & McConachie, 1998). La présente recherche a pour objectif d'évaluer la flexibilité cognitive d'un groupe d'enfants DMC intégrés en classe régulière afin de préciser le rôle de cette variable dans l'explication de leurs problèmes d'ajustement social. L'échantillon inclut 31 enfants DMC et 31 enfants témoins. La flexibilité cognitive est évaluée à l'aide du Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Les résultats montrent que les enfants DMC ne commettent pas plus d'erreurs de persévération que les enfants témoins. Par contre, ils complètent moins de catégories et ils ont besoin d'un plus grand nombre d'essais pour compléter la première catégorie. Aussi, ils émettent moins de réponses conceptuelles que les enfants témoins. Les particularités cognitives observées sont susceptibles d'affecter la façon dont les enfants traitent l'information sociale lorsqu'ils sont en relation avec leurs pairs.

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Eyeghe, Eboue Dit Aya Ndzang Arsène. "Contribution de la socialisation organisationnelle au management des forces de vente externes : cas des vendeurs indépendants des entreprises gabonaises". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30007/document.

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La force de vente est un système humain, et de relations humaines complexes qui se distingue par une activité de gestion spécifique fondée sur le contrôle et la supervision directe des vendeurs dans leurs activités quotidiennes. Pour décrypter ces relations entre les acteurs, nous avons mobilisé le concept de socialisation organisationnelle, à la fois parce qu’il propose une lecture nouvelle de la réalité managériale, mais aussi parce qu’il constitue un modèle d’influence à même de réguler les comportements organisationnels des acteurs. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’éclairer le management des vendeurs indépendants en situation d’intégration, et d’expliquer pourquoi le turnover de ces vendeurs est aussi élevé au cours de cette phase cruciale du processus de socialisation. L’exploitation du potentiel théorique du concept de socialisation pose néanmoins la question de la pertinence d’une telle étude, étant donné que les vendeurs indépendants peuvent se soustraire à toute forme de socialisation, parce qu’ils n’appartiennent pas juridiquement à l’entreprise. Pour cela, nous menons une première étude qui permet de mettre en évidence le caractère aléatoire et naturel de la socialisation dans ces organisations, à travers les interactions. Nous proposons donc de conceptualiser la socialisation du vendeur indépendant, et la considérons comme un processus de construction de la relation managériale. Le modèle d’analyse que nous développons articule le cadre d’analyse interactionniste de la socialisation à travers le processus de construction de sens, la théorie de la régulation sociale, et la théorie du contrat psychologique. Il est testé sur le terrain, à travers une étude qualitative, mobilisant la méthode des cartes cognitives. En s’appuyant sur les représentations mentales des principaux acteurs de la socialisation du vendeur indépendant, nous souhaitons produire des connaissances qui tiennent compte des réalités et des contextes dans lesquels ces forces de vente exercent. Les résultats de notre recherche mettent en évidence la complexité des schèmes étudiés. Ceux-ci révèlent la difficulté à faire converger les intérêts des acteurs dans leur collaboration. Ils révèlent aussi l’existence d’une socialisation partielle due, en partie, au fait que les entreprises évoluent difficilement dans leurs pratiques de gestion ; les connaissances acquises par les nouveaux vendeurs portent essentiellement sur les aspects commerciaux du travail ; les relations entre membres de la force de vente ne sont pas prises en compte dans le processus de socialisation. Finalement, les vendeurs partent parce que les composantes de leurs relations avec l’entreprise ne correspondent pas à leur système de valeurs. Dans ce cas, nous proposons de gérer et de formaliser la socialisation du vendeur indépendant, en prônant un management et un leadership partagé qui permettrait de prendre en compte les intérêts des différents acteurs
Sales force is a human and complex human relations system that is characterized by a specific management activity based on the control and the direct supervision of the sales agents in their daily activities. In order to decrypt these relations between the actors, we have mobilized the concept of organizational socialization, both because it proposes a further reading of the managerial reality, but also because it constitutes a model of influence able to regulate the organizational behaviors of the actors. This thesis aims at enlightening the management of the independent sales agents into labor integration process, and explaining why the turnover of the sales agents is so high during that critical stage of socialization process. The exploiting of the theoretical potential of the concept of socialization nevertheless arises the issue of the relevance of such a study, given the independent sales agents can avoid any kind of socialization, because legally they don’t belong to the company. For that we make a first survey that enables us to point out the random and natural character of the socialization in these organizations through interactions. We propose thus to conceptualize the socialization of the independent salesman, and we consider it as a construction process of the management relation. The analysis model that we develop uses the interactionnist analysis framework of the socialization through the process of building a sense, the theory of the social regulation, and the theory of psychological contract. It has been field-tested through a qualitative research study, mobilizing the method of cognitive cards. On the basis of the mental representations of the main actors of the independent sales agents ‘socialization, we wish to produce skills that take into account realities and the environments in which these sales teams work. The results of our research show clearly the complexity of the schemes studied. These reveal the difficulty of converging the actors ‘interests in their collaboration. They reveal also the existence of a partial socialization due, partly, to the fact that the companies poorly evolve in their management practices. The skills acquired by the new sales agents are based essentially on the commercial aspects of work. The relations between the sales workforces are not taken into account in the socialization process. Finally, the sales agents leave work because the components of their relations with the company do not match with their value system. In that case, we propose to manage and formalize the socialization of the independent sales agent, recommending shared management and leadership that would permit to take into account the interests of the different actors

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Jovanovski, Diana. "Cognitive set shifting using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and virtual reality (VR) a comparison between a traditional and a novel ecologically-valid executive function task /". Full text available, 2005. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/jovanovski.pdf.

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Schiavon, Bruno Kluwe. "Translation and adaptation of columbia card task and affective and deliberative aspects of decision-making during development and crack use". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7295.

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Making adaptive decisions requires weighing risks and benefits and the ability to learn about an ever-changing environment. Ordinary choices ca be influenced by contextual factors (e. g. , feedback exposure, affective- or deliberative-based scenarios) and individual factors (e. g. , developmental stages and psychopathologies). Particularly, two specific conditions regarding developmental stages and psychopathologies have been extensively related to alterations in decision-making processes and consequently increased risk-taking behaviors: adolescence and drug addiction. Cocaine dependence has been related with poor decision-making, since continuous drug abuse shifts from controlled drug use (decreasing deliberative inhibitory control) to compulsive drug use (increasing the reward sensitization)—the dual-processing perspective—which opens a vulnerability window for risk-taking behaviors. Adolescence is a natural developmental period marked by risk-taking behavior, in which different developmental trajectories of brain regions involved in reward motivation and control processes may lead to adolescents’ increased risktaking. Although efforts have been made to elucidate how the dysregulation of cognitive control and of the reward-affective system leads to risk behavior in drug addiction and adolescents, it has been mostly performed separately. Objectives. The present dissertation aimed to (1) adapt the Columbia Card Task (CCT) to Brazilian Portuguese and (2) investigate the relation of contextual factors (affective- and deliberative-based contexts) and individual factors (drug addiction and adolescence) in decision-making processes (i. e. , risk-taking behavior and information use). To achieve this goal, this dissertation is composed of two studies.Methods: To translate and adapt the CCT we followed standardized guidelines and performed a pilot study with 29 university students. In the second study, we compare the role of feedback and the use of explicit information in risk-taking (affective process) and information use (deliberative process) in 27 female crack cocaine users (CU) and 18 female adolescents (AD) in comparison to 20 female adult controls (CG).Results. The first study showed that CCT was adequately adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The pilot study suggests that manipulation of feedback among CCT conditions had an effect on the risk-taking index and information use. The second study showed that CU showed a lack of information use on both CCT conditions, despite the fact that during the delayed-feedback condition, CU did not differ from CG on risk-taking behavior. Adolescents mostly used the “probability” information; notwithstanding, they did not modulate their responses, making riskier choices in both delayed- and no-feedback conditions when compared to CG. Conclusions. Together, our results suggest that the Brazilian version of CCT performs well and is a versatile method for the assessment of affective and deliberative decision-making under risk according to different feedback manipulation scenarios. Moreover, the feedback plays a different role in the decision-making of female crack cocaine users and female adolescents.
Tomar decisões adaptativas requer ponderação dos riscos e benefícios, e a capacidade de aprender de acordo com as mudanças do ambiente. Além disso, as escolhas do dia-a-dia podem ser influenciadas por fatores contextuais (por exemplo, exposição ao feedback) e fatores individuais (por exemplo, estágios de desenvolvimento e psicopatologias). Particularmente, duas condições específicas referentes aos estágios de desenvolvimento e psicopatologias têm sido amplamente relacionadas a alterações no processo de tomada de decisão e, consequentemente, aumento de comportamentos de risco: adolescência e dependência química. A dependência de cocaína tem sido relacionada déficits na tomada de decisão, uma vez que o uso contínuo e impulsivo da droga está relacionado com a diminuição do controle inibitório e aumento da sensibilização a recompensa, levando ao uso compulsivo da droga. Modelo de duplo-processamento sugerem que esse desequilíbrio leva a um aumento dos comportamentos de risco. A adolescência é um período de desenvolvimento marcado pelos comportamentos de risco, no qual as diferentes trajetórias de desenvolvimento e maturação de regiões do cérebro envolvidas em processos de motivação/recompensa e controle inibitório pode levar ao aumento desses comportamentos. Embora esforços estejam sendo feitos para elucidar como a desregulação entre o controle cognitivo e os sistemas de recompensa podem explicar os comportamentos de risco na adolescência e na dependência química, os mesmos têm sido realizados separadamente.Objetivos. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar a relação de fatores contextuais (ou seja, contextos que instigam processos afetivos e contextos que instigam processos deliberativos) e os fatores individuais (dependência de cocaína e adolescência), no processo de tomada de decisão (ou seja, comportamentos de risco e uso de informações). Para atingir este objetivo, a dissertação é composta por dois estudos. O primeiro, com o objetivo de adaptar o Columbia Card Task (CCT) para Português do Brasil, seguindo as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para tradução, e realizando um estudo piloto com 29 estudantes universitários. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo comparar o papel do feedback e do uso de informação explícita nos comportamentos de risco (processos afetivos) e uso da informação (processos deliberativos) em 27 usuárias de crack, 18 adolescentes do sexo feminino e um grupo controle composto por 20 mulheres adultas.Resultados. O primeiro estudo mostrou que o CCT foi devidamente adaptado para o Português do Brasil. O estudo piloto sugere que a manipulação do feedback entre as condições do CCT teve um efeito sobre os comportamentos de risco e uso das informações. O segundo estudo mostrou que as usuárias de crack não apresentam uso de informação em nenhuma das condições do CCT, apesar de que, durante a condição com feedback, o grupo de usuárias de crack não diferiu do grupo de adolescentes e adultos controles. Adolescentes usam a informação "probabilidade" para tomar decisões; contudo, adolescentes tomam escolhas mais arriscadas no CCT quando comparadas ao grupo controle, independente da exposição ao feedback. Conclusões. Nossos resultados sugerem que a versão Brasileira do CCT é um método versátil para a avaliação do processo de tomada de decisão afetiva e deliberativa sob risco, de acordo com diferentes cenários de manipulação de feedback. Além disso, o feedback tem um papel diferente na tomada de decisão dos usuários de crack do sexo feminino e adolescentes do sexo feminino.

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Kaczmarski, Jenna M. "Exploring the effects of BMI health report card letters among 6th grade students and parents : an application of the social cognitive theory". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003198.

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Ipanaque, Mariñas Santos Eugenio. "Aprendizajes de alta demanda cognitiva en los estudiantes del nivel primario en el àrea de matemàticas de la I. E. “Rosa Cardo de Guarderas”". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11170.

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La finalidad del presente Plan de Acción es la mejora de los aprendizajes y la formación integral de los estudiantes; capaces de resolver problemas de la vida cotidiana, asumir roles y responsabilidades ciudadanas. Es por ello que este plan está dirigido a promover aprendizajes de alta demanda cognitiva en los estudiantes del nivel primario en el área de matemáticas de la I.E. “Rosa Cardo de Guarderas” Mallares. Teniendo como objetivos: La aplicación de procesos pedagógicos y didácticos centrados en el desarrollo del enfoque de resolución de problema, obteniendo como resultado el desarrollo del pensamiento abierto, creativo, crítico, autónomo y divergente; logrando en los estudiantes aprendizajes de alta demanda cognitiva en el área de matemáticas. Asimismo, Realizar un acompañamiento y monitoreo sistemático de los procesos pedagógicos y didácticos en el área de matemática, que permita desarrollar prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras en los docentes. Por otro lado, es importante desarrollar capacidades cognitivas en los estudiantes, mediante uso adecuado de los materiales educativos en el área de Matemáticas. Para realizar con éxito el presente trabajo de investigación es primordial concientizar y dotar al docente de estrategias metodológicas para regular los comportamientos de los estudiantes en el aula con el propósito de garantizar un clima agradable y armónico, como contribución a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los estudiantes.
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Kaczmarski, Jenna M. "Exploring the Effects of BMI Health Report Card Letters Among 6^th Grade Students and Parents: An Application of the Social Cognitive Theory". Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2036.

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In response to the growing child and adolescent obesity epidemic, some states and local school authorities are mandating the measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI). However, there is limited research addressing whether schools are an appropriate setting and the intended as well as unintended effects of sharing this information with parents. Furthermore, there is yet to be conclusive evidence that shows that BMI screening in the school setting is an effective way to improve student BMI status. Therefore, the purpose of this research study was to explore the effects of BMI Health Report Card Letters among 6th grade students and their parents by applying a Social Cognitive Theory conceptual framework. A non-experimental, post - test only study design involving child/parent dyads was employed to answer the proposed research questions. Quantitative data were gathered from students and parents using separate theory based questionnaires. Key results include a statistically significant difference between delivery methods (mail vs. backpack) for the number parents who confirmed receiving the BMI letter (p = .001) and reading the BMI letter (p = .005). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between parents based on child BMI categories. Specifically, a greater number of parents of children "at risk of overweight" or "overweight" took one or more action to control their child's weight associated with food restriction (p = .005) and physical activity (p < .001) and reported greater parental concern about child’s weight (p = .001) and parental modeling of negative talk / behaviors (p = .019). Parents of children of “normal weight” reported greater perceived importance of child nutrition behaviors (p = .026). Results indicate the importance of mailing BMI Health Report Card Letters as well as the occurrence of unintended negative consequences. Implications include the need for tailored BMI letters, based on child weight status, which include information and resources to increase parent's capacity to share BMI information with their child as well as make healthy changes in the home.

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Besharat, Ali. "Essays on Mental Accounting and Consumers' Decision Making". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3977.

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This dissertation is structured in the form of two empirical essays, each investigating one type of irrational decision caused by mental accounting. The first essay, titled "Managing the Cost of Multiple Debt Accounts: A Behavioral Perspective", explores why many people pay off credit cards' with the lowest rate first when rationally speaking they should repay the debt with the highest rate most quickly. This essay suggests that irrationality emerges when people seek to close `mental accounts' associated with their credit cards and reduce the total number of outstanding loans rather than decrease the amount of total debt among all credit cards. Consumers want to be debt free. If they can get rid of debt, on even one credit card, they feel a sense of accomplishment which psychologically helps them manage remainder of their debt better. The second essay, titled "Saving by Overspending", explores consumers' over-expenditure and indulgent consumption when they make prepayments in the form of time, effort, or money toward a consumption goal. This essay proposes that people subconsciously try to get their prepayments' worth, but in fact they may be spending their money irrationally. In addition, contrary to common knowledge, this essay suggests that when a prepayment is unanticipated, the loss of self-control is often more prominent when prepayments are made with behavioral resources (e.g., time or effort) than equivalent monetary resources.

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20

Braun, Jennifer L. "The Prediction of Motion Sickness Through People's Perception of Postural Motion". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1353943941.

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21

Corser, Ryan J. "The Effect of Reduced Self-Control Resources on Risk Preferences Depends on Task Characteristics". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1437719472.

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22

Hohenberger, Christoph [Verfasser], Isabell M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Welpe, Isabell M. [Gutachter] Welpe y Klaus [Gutachter] Bengler. "Personal autonomous future: The role of emotions, cognitions, and individual values in the adoption process of autonomous cars / Christoph Hohenberger ; Gutachter: Isabell M. Welpe, Klaus Bengler ; Betreuer: Isabell M. Welpe". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155725034/34.

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Devenport, Jane M. "Use of the Power Card Strategy as an Intervention with an Elementary School Student with Asperger Syndrome: Increasing On-Task Behavior in the General Education Setting". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000496.

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Gan, Hock Chye. "Using multi-modal bio-digital technologies to support the assessment of cognitive abilities of children with physical and neurological impairments". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15749.

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Current studies done using a learning test for children have problems as they only make evaluations of Physically and Neurologically Impaired (PNI) children who can succeed in the test and can be considered as a PASS/FAIL test. This pilot study takes a holistic view of cognitive testing of PNI children using a user-test-device triad model and provides a framework using non-PNI children and adults as controls. Comparisons using adapted off-the-shelf novel interfaces to the computer, in particular, an Electroencephalograph (EEG) head-set, an eye-tracker and a head-tracker and a common mouse were carried out. In addition, two novel multi-modal technologies were developed based on the use of brain-waves and eye-tracking as well as head-tracking technologies to support the study. The devices were used on three tests with increasing cognitive complexity. A self-developed measure based on success streaks (consecutive outcomes) was introduced to improve evaluations of PNI children. A theoretical model regarding a fit of ability to devices was initially setup and finally modified to fit the view of the empirical model that emerged from the outcomes of the study. Results suggest that while multi-modal technologies can address weaknesses of the individual component modes, a compromise is made between the user’s ability for multi-tasking between the modes and the benefits of a multi-modal device but the sample size is very small. Results also show children failing a test with a mouse but passing it subsequently when direct communication is used suggesting that a device can affect a test for children who are of a developing age. This study provides a framework for a more meaningful conversation between educational psychologists as well as other professionals and PNI parents because it provides more discrimination of outcomes in cognitive tests for PNI children. The framework provides a vehicle that addresses scientifically the concerns of parents and schools.

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Barrett, Blake. "Drug Courts Work, but How? Preliminary Development of a Measure to Assess Drug Court Structure and Processes". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2998.

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The high prevalence of substance use disorders is well-documented among criminal offenders. Drug courts are specialty judicial programs designed to: 1) improve public safety outcomes; 2) reduce criminal recidivism and substance abuse among offenders with substance use disorders; and 3) better utilize scarce criminal justice and treatment resources. Drug courts operate through partnerships between the criminal justice, behavioral health and public health systems. Offenders participate in an intensive regimen of substance abuse treatment and case management while under close judicial supervision. Drug courts' effectiveness in reducing criminal recidivism and drug use has been documented through numerous primary studies as well as meta-analytic reviews. The task remains now to determine the causal mechanisms of drug courts. The current study conducted preliminary activities to develop a measure to assess drug court structures and practices based upon the Ten Key Components of drug courts (NADCP, 1997). The creation and use of such a measure is necessary to the understanding of how drug courts work, why and how best to invest scarce judicial and treatment resources to optimize drug court participant and program outcomes. An iterative process was conducted such that results from previous activities informed subsequent steps in the measurement development process. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of drug court personnel at three local drug courts as well as academic experts in drug courts and measurement. Preliminary measurement development activities included: 1) a comprehensive review of the literature; 2) semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to inform item development; 3) construction of a draft survey protocol; 4) expert reviews of the draft survey protocol and initial item pool to assess item construct and content validity, response format and clarity; 5) pile sort activity, wherein participants sorted items into piles, one for each measure sub-construct and one `other' pile; 6) exploratory factor analyses based on a joint-proportion matrix derived from pile sort activity data on which items best represent measure sub-constructs; 7) cognitive interviews completed by key stakeholders to review items retained from exploratory factor analyses; and 8) final revisions to the item pool based upon results from cognitive interviews. The item pool developed through the current research will be used as the basis for a future large-scale pilot test to determine the true factor structure underlying the preliminary measure developed. Results of this future research are expected to identify similarities and differences in the underlying factor structure compared to the Ten Key Components.

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Gopaul, Margaret. "Title: Parents and Teachers’ Perceptions and Clinical Diagnosis of Autism Among White and Non-White Groups". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4767.

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The pervasiveness of autism has significantly increased over the past 2 decades with the 2014 Center for Disease Control and Prevention report indicating 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Early intervention is recommended as the most effective treatment approach. Nevertheless, previous research has indicated that White children are diagnosed with ASD about 1.5 years earlier than are Non-White children. A current gap remains in literature regarding ASD and different racial groups, and evidence has been inconclusive regarding disparities in identifying and diagnosing ASD. To fill this gap, this study investigated the relationship between child race, parents and teachers’ perceptions, and diagnosis of ASD among White and Non-White groups. The theoretical framework was the critical race theory. Archival data from the Psychological and School Services of Eastern Carolina included 48 preschool children from White (18) and Non-White (30) groups. The data’s variables of race, perceptions, and diagnosis were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicated a higher rate of diagnosis of ASD among the White group compared to the Non-White group. Yet, teachers’ perceptions of ASD were higher for the Non-White group, while parents’ perceptions of ASD were lower for the Non-White group. This finding confirms the nuances of ASD among racial groups which could promote efforts to better educate parents and teachers on developmental milestones, explore families’ unique beliefs, and emphasize the importance of accurate early detection. Also, considerations of culturally sensitive screening, diagnostic measures, protocols, and practices may be embraced to safeguard that children, regardless of race, receive timely and competent care.

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27

Buffardi, Laura E. "Credit cards and global cognitive focus the role of temporal distance /". 2010. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/buffardi%5Flaura%5Fe%5F201005%5Fphd.

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28

"Modeling and Measuring Cognitive Load to Reduce Driver Distraction in Smart Cars". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29885.

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abstract: Driver distraction research has a long history spanning nearly 50 years, intensifying in the last decade. The focus has always been on identifying the distractive tasks and measuring the respective harm level. As in-vehicle technology advances, the list of distractive activities grows along with crash risk. Additionally, the distractive activities become more common and complicated, especially with regard to In-Car Interactive System. This work's main focus is on driver distraction caused by the in-car interactive System. There have been many User Interaction Designs (Buttons, Speech, Visual) for Human-Car communication, in the past and currently present. And, all related studies suggest that driver distraction level is still high and there is a need for a better design. Multimodal Interaction is a design approach, which relies on using multiple modes for humans to interact with the car & hence reducing driver distraction by allowing the driver to choose the most suitable mode with minimum distraction. Additionally, combining multiple modes simultaneously provides more natural interaction, which could lead to less distraction. The main goal of MMI is to enable the driver to be more attentive to driving tasks and spend less time fiddling with distractive tasks. Engineering based method is used to measure driver distraction. This method uses metrics like Reaction time, Acceleration, Lane Departure obtained from test cases.
Dissertation/Thesis
presentation
REACTION TIMES
DRIVING DATA RESULTS
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2015

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29

"Next-Generation Smart Cars: Towards a More Intelligent Interactive Infotainment System". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45007.

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abstract: Today, in a world of automation, the impact of Artificial Intelligence can be seen in every aspect of our lives. Starting from smart homes to self-driving cars everything is run using intelligent, adaptive technologies. In this thesis, an attempt is made to analyze the correlation between driving quality and its impact on the use of car infotainment system and vice versa and hence the driver distraction. Various internal and external driving factors have been identified to understand the dependency and seriousness of driver distraction caused due to the car infotainment system. We have seen a number UI/UX changes, speech recognition advancements in cars to reduce distraction. But reducing the number of casualties on road is still a persisting problem in hand as the cognitive load on the driver is considered to be one of the primary reasons for distractions leading to casualties. In this research, a pathway has been provided to move towards building an artificially intelligent, adaptive and interactive infotainment which is trained to behave differently by analyzing the driving quality without the intervention of the driver. The aim is to not only shift focus of the driver from screen to street view, but to also change the inherent behavior of the infotainment system based on the driving statistics at that point in time without the need for driver intervention.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2017

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30

Routhier, Marie-Ève. "Flexibilité cognitive et ajustement social chez les enfants atteints de déficience motrice cérébrale /". 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845752351&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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31

Stephens, Joanne. "The Effectiveness of EEG Biofeedback and Cognitive Rehabilitation as Treatments for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury". 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/578/1/578contents.pdf.

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Cognitive Rehabilitation is an umbrella term which encompasses a number of restorative and compensatory techniques commonly and widely applied to assist with the sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Such techniques have been well established within the literature. More recently, an increasing body of research has emerged suggesting that electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback is an effective intervention for sequelae following TBI. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and EEG biofeedback as treatments for moderate to severe TBI. It aimed to determine the effectiveness of each intervention in treating cognitive, emotional, and behavioural sequelae following TBI. Methods: A multiple single case study cross-over (ABBA) design was used with six adult participants, no less than one year post TBI. Three of the participants received the two treatments in the opposite order to the remaining participants, each serving as their own controls. Over ten weeks, each participant received 20 hours of Treatment A. Then, following a ten week break they received 20 hours of Treatment B, with a final ten week follow-up. A number of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural measures were administered pre-post treatments. Quantitative electroencephalographs (qEEG) were also administered pre-post treatments to evaluate any change in the electrophysiological dynamics of the brain. Results: EEG biofeedback appeared to be more effective than cognitive rehabilitation in improving information processing impairments, namely, complex attentional control, response inhibition, and speed of language and comprehension. Cognitive rehabilitation appeared to be more effective than EEG biofeedback in improving visual memory. Both treatments were effective in reducing depression, anxiety, anger, and neurobehavioural symptomatology. Although both treatments were effective in reducing depression, greater reductions were evident following EEG biofeedback. A number of self-reported functional changes were also noted by each participant. EEG biofeedback was more effective than cognitive rehabilitation in the normalisation of dysregulated EEG (as measured by qEEG). Conclusions: Overall, EEG biofeedback appeared to be more effective in improving information processing skills, while cognitive rehabilitation was more effective in improving visual memory. Both treatments were effective in the treatment of emotional and behavioural sequelae following TBI. EEG biofeedback was more effective in normalising the participants'. However, the clinical meaningfulness of the qEEG finding is questioned. Speculations are made about the possible functional brain changes which may occur following rehabilitation.

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32

Burke, Michael. "Sport and Traditions of Feminist Theory". 2001. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/259/1/Burke_Michael.pdf.

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Sport and Traditions of Feminist Theory involves a philosophical examination of the opportunities that are offered to females who seek authority in sporting participation, by an examination of the ideas that emanate from various streams of feminist thought. Chapter One introduces the concepts of oppression and authority in sport for females. It also introduces Rortian pragmatism, and four strands of feminist thought which will be utilised throughout the thesis; liberal, standpoint, poststructural and Foucauldian feminism. Finally it briefly suggests the potentials for each of these feminisms to explain and alter the situation of women in sport. Chapter Two is an elaboration of Rortian liberalism. It explains the concepts of anti-foundationalism, the private-public split and the ideal liberal society. These ideas are then applied to an understanding of the opportunities for freedom in sport. Sport is viewed as a symbolic language medium where athletes have the opportunity to express their private freedom through idiosyncratic action. The chapter then goes on to address feminist concerns with Rortian pragmatism. It will be suggested that the female position in society forces a reformulation of Rortian pragmatism to include the possibility of collective expressions of freedom, and to recognise the systematic oppression of women in, and by, society. The female athlete must negotiate the unenviable position of performing in a practice that has a long history of male control over sporting discourses, and female exclusion from, or incorporation into, those sporting discourses. A feminist -reformed, Rortian pragmatism gives the female some tools with which to break down male control and produce individual and collective changes in the language; practice and theory of sport. Chapter Three is a selective history of feminist politics and female participation in sport. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate that strong poetry; i.e. collective and individual language changes which increased the opportunity for females to speak with authority, were often the result of both contingent conditions in society, and the whims of the dominant class of males. Yet two important points should be made; firstly, within that limited area of freedom in both politics and sport, women did recreate themselves and their society, and secondly, the public discourse about female athleticism throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries suggests a genealogy of ideas which continues to limit female athletic participation and authority. It would be naÃÂ¯ve to suggest that this history of ideas about female athleticism would be broken down simply by legislative change which allows for wider female participation in sport. Chapter Four investigates one mechanism of gaining authority for females in society and sport, the liberal intervention of equal opportunities. It has been suggested by radical and postmodern feminisms that such an intervention is inadequate because it leaves in place the structure of ideas that oppress females in the first place. Critiques of liberal feminist interventions in sport likewise suggest that such interventions maintain the maleness of reason in sport. Females are asked to participate and be judged in sports that have a male history and male structure of control. However, because Rortian pragmatism recognises that sport is a symbolic medium, liberal interventions should not be discarded. There are a number of sports which women either are not allowed to play or are discouraged from playing. The liberal intervention may allow women to participate in sport, and gain authority through their local and specific languages of participation. Chapter Five is an application of feminist standpoint theories to women's authority in sport. Feminist standpoints will be suggested as an important method for doubting the certainty of gendered truth statements in sport and society. The truth statements, which oppress women in sport reporting, and reinforce different modes of sport participation, will be deconstructed using feminist standpoint theories. Rortian pragmatism offers tools with which alternate candidates for truth status may be produced and disseminated throughout the sporting world. These alternatives may grant women greater authority in performing and talking about sports. Chapter Six will look at the postmodern and Foucauldian treatments of the female body as another mechanism of challenging the his-story about female athletes, which continues to limit both their participation in sports and their commentary about sports. It will be suggested that the fuzziness of the athletic body allows women all sorts of opportunities to challenge the maleness of authority in sport. One case study, which will be particularly investigated here, is the suggestion that women athletes could look at drugs as a mechanism for approaching the narrowly defined -by men- participation standards of male athletes. And as authority in sport is partially granted on the basis of objective sporting performance, females should view the drug ban as potentially a piece of phallocentric legislation designed to maintain male power. Other case studies that could be investigated at a later date are the suspicions about genetic engineering and virtual reality sport, and the distaste for female athletes aborting before sporting performance. Are these suspicions and distaste mechanisms of the control of the female athlete's performance which females should oppose? The final chapter summarises the opportunities that a reformed Rortian pragmatism, reformed by the female question, provides for females in sport. Sport as a bodily activity may offer some potentials and obstacles that are not present in theoretical activities like education and politics. This is not to imply a dualism, but simply to suggest that sport, like dance and theatre, is an activity where the body's movements and actions are symbolically communicative.

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33

Li, Hin Yue. "Validation of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale With a Hong Kong Sample". 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/519/1/519contents.pdf.

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Within athletic domains, athletic identity is a cognitive structure guiding and organising how the person processes self-related information (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993). Being one of the domains of the self-concept, athletic identity is the “degree of importance, strength, and exclusivity attached to the athlete role that is maintained by the athletes and influenced by environment” (p. 39; Cieslak, 2005). Previous studies have shown that athletic identity is related to various psychological processes such as identity foreclosure and the emotional reactions of athletes to injuries (Grove, Lavallee, & Gordon, 1997). The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a 10-item quantitative inventory measuring the level of athletic identity (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993). Throughout the past decade, researchers have been examining the psychometric properties and factor structures of the AIMS with samples mainly from English-speaking societies (Brewer & Cornelius, 2001; Hale, James, & Stambulova, 1999). This thesis consisted of two studies. The first one investigated the internal consistency and factor structure of the AIMS within a Hong Kong Chinese sample by performing confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and Cronbach’s alphas. The author constructed a Chinese version of the AIMS and administered it to 186 Hong Kong athletes. The CFAs showed that multi-dimensional models were better fits than the original unidimenional model. The goodness-of-fit indices of three previously suggested models (and one simplified model) were either above or extremely close to acceptable levels. Considering the possible cultural influences and translation processes, the findings are substantial. In this study, the author also discusses the cultural differences in terms of each factor and overall athletic identity scores. The second study followed up the results of the first study and further explored the construct of athletic identity through qualitative interviews. The author, who was also the interviewer, recruited 13 Hong Kong athletes for in-depth interviews exploring their life experiences of being athletes in Hong Kong. The results revealed that some contributing elements of the participants’ athletic identities seemed well represented by the AIMS items and factors, such as recognition from others (i.e., social identity), sport-related goals, dysphoric emotions associated with injury (i.e., negative affectivity), and perceived importance of sport (i.e., exclusivity). Some themes from the interviews, however, were not represented in the items or factors of the AIMS. For some participants, appearance and accoutrements, such as clothing and equipment, formed part of their overall athletic identities. Also, the author found that the participants’ fantasies about professional athletes were major features of the interviews. These results showed that various cultural characteristics in Hong Kong may influence the development of the participants’ self-identities including athletic identities. The author employed the theory of self-construals (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) and features of Hong Kong culture to explain the results. In the general discussion, the author also discussed the AIMS items, the factor structure, and their connections with Hong Kong athletes’ experiences, based on the qualitative findings. The author recommended some possible items for further development of the AIMS.

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34

Desangles, Marixiel. "Gender differences in coping mechanisms of preschool children and relation to cognitive and social emotional level". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8748.

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Os mecanismos de coping em crianças são um construto que tem sido definido e estudado de variadas formas por diferentes autores. Faz parte do conceito de autorregulação das emoções e envolve os conceitos psicológicos relacionados à competência social, habilidades e autorregulação do comportamento. A investigação não é conclusiva, existindo diversas perspetivas em relação aos mecanismos de coping tendo em conta o género e qual a relação do nível socioeconómico da família. De igual forma, a investigação aponta em diversos sentidos em relação aos mecanismos de coping e às habilidades cognitivas e sociais das crianças. A presente investigação pretende compreender se existem diferenças na forma como as crianças de quatro anos lidam com diferentes situações tendo em conta o género e o nível socioeconómico da família, tendo em consideração as suas habilidades cognitivas e sociais e o nível de escolaridade dos pais. Os nossos participantes são crianças de quatro anos de idade que frequentam uma creche em Miami no estado da Florida nos Estados Unidos da América. O material usado foi o Ages and Stages Questionnaire, o Ages and Stages Social emotional Questionnaire, o Voluntary Prekindergaraten Assessment, as Coping Cards, o Socio-Demographic Questionnaire e Emotions with Emojis Lesson. Quanto ao procedimento foram entregues os consentimentos informados aos pais e explicado os procedimentos. Logo a seguir a devolução dos consentimentos informados, foram aplicadas as provas e questionários as crianças e analisado os resultados. Os resultados deste estudo não demonstram diferenças de género estatisticamente significativas nos mecanismos de coping que as crianças usam. Isto pode ser devido a ferramenta utilizada ou a idade da amostra. Investigações futuras poderão focar-se na construção de uma ferramenta de avaliação adaptada para a população específica deste projeto. Existem diferenças significativas positivas entre os resultados do VPK Oral Language assessment e o coping focado nas emoções e uma correlação negativa entre o VPK Oral Language assessment e o coping focado nos problemas. A par, o coping como construto, deverá ser operacionalizado para incluir os conceitos de emoção e coping focado no problema, assim como estratégias de abordagem e evitamento.
Coping mechanisms in children is a construct that has been defined and studied several ways by different authors. It is part of the concept of self-regulation of emotions and it involves the complex psychological concepts related to social competence, skills and behavior management. There are mixed findings regarding the mechanisms children use in coping with regards to gender and with regards to the family’s social-economic status. There are also mixed findings regarding coping mechanisms and children’s cognitive and social abilities. Most studies only include children in middle childhood or the ages after preschool and before adolescence. The few studies that have included preschool age children have done so for the 5 and six year olds but minimal attention has been paid to four year olds and how they cope. The studies have also been done using a variety of tools, but no one has had consistent results regarding problem or emotion focused coping. This research project tried to answer if there are differences in the way four year old children cope taking into consideration their gender, cognitive and social abilities and their parents’ level of schooling. It used the Age and Stages questionnaire, the Ages and Stages Social Emotional questionnaire, the Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten Assessment tool, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Coping Cards tool. Results of this project have yielded no statistically significant differences in coping mechanisms children use. This could be due to the fact that the instrument to assess coping strategy was created for a culturally, linguistically and socio-economic population different than the one used in this project. Future research needs to be focused in creating an assessment tool tailored for this project’s specific population. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the VPK Oral Language scores and children’s emotion focused coping. There is also a statistically significant negative correlation between the VPK Oral Language scores and children’s problem focused coping. Furthermore, the construct of coping needs to be operationalized to include the concepts of emotion and problem focused coping, and approach and avoidance strategies.

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35

Ma, Shiao-Han y 麻筱涵. "Three-year-old Children's Cognitive Flexibility on Dimensional Change Card Sorting Task: The Roles of Labeling and Nonverbal Stimuli in Working Memory". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75697671456124416283.

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碩士
慈濟大學
人類發展學系碩士班
100
People often persist in habitual behavior even when the behavior is currently inappropriate. This perseverative tendency suggesting the lack of cognitive flexibility is manifest not only in patients with frontal lobe lesions but also in children during the preschool years. The Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task, in which children are required to sort cards first according to one dimension (e.g., shape) and then switch to the other dimension (e.g., color), has been found to be useful for studying cognitive flexibility in preschoolers. It has been shown that children younger than 4 years of age have difficulty switching dimensions on the DCCS task, even if they are clearly instructed to use the new rule each time before sorting a card. Executive functioning has been suggested to play a role in children’s perseverative response tendency on the DCCS task. However, there is much debate over which aspect of executive function primarily contributes to the development of cognitive flexibility, including cognitive complexity and conscious control accounts (Zelazo, Mueller, Frye, & Marcovitch, 2003), inhibition accounts (Diamond & Kirkham, 2005), and memory accounts (Munakata & Yerys, 2006). The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of working memory in 3-year-old children’s sorting behavior on the DCCS task. In a series of four experiments, we attempt to delineate the tendency to switch to a new rule in the post-switch phase by systematically reducing the phonological and iconic information encoded during pre-switch trials. In Experiment1 we translated the DCCS task into the Mandarin version and tested a sample of Taiwanese children aged from 2 to 4 (N = 48). The result revealed age-related differences, as were shown in previous research: 88% of the 4-year-old children successfully switched to sorting by a different dimension as contrasted to 0% and 20% of the 2- and 3-year-olds, respectively, who tended to produce peseverative errors. In Experiment 2, we devised a novel version of the DCCS task by using two different inkblots (one is red and the other is blue), and a generic label “Thing” to label each. The results showed that the 3-year-olds (N = 32) successfully switched from the shape dimension to the color dimension on this novel version. The success rate was 64% compared to 21 on the standard version In Experiment 3, the participants (N = 16) were allowed to label the inkblot stimuli themselves. When their labels were used to sort the nonverbal stimuli in the preswitch phase, they did not benefit from the noverbal feature of the inkblots in the postswitch trials. In Experiment 4, we followed the Experiment 2 procedure to label the verbal stimuli (i.e. rabbit vs. boat) comprising the standard DCCS generically as “Thing”. The 3-year-old (N = 16) children perseverated in the same rule during postswitch trials as they did in Experiment 1. While these findings suggest that the peseverative response tendency on the DCCS task is related to encoding resources in working memory, children do benefit from the generic label when nonverbal stimuli are sorted, which precludes the effect of automatic labeling cued by meaningful verbal stimuli.

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Afonso, Ângela Maria Pera. "Apoio à definição de plafonds de crédito em cartões bancários: uma proposta metodológica com recurso à aboradgem MCDA". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13743.

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A definição de plafonds em cartões de crédito influencia as famílias que a ele recorrem e constitui, por norma, um desafio para as instituições bancárias. Com efeito, avaliar as capacidades financeiras do cliente e perceber se vai ser cumpridor, no sentido de definir o plafond mais adequado ao seu perfil, constitui uma tarefa difícil e de grande complexidade, pois são inúmeros e diferenciados os fatores que influenciam a definição de cada plafond. Sustentado nessa dificuldade, o presente estudo propõe o uso integrado de mapas cognitivos com a técnica Decision EXpert (DEX), no sentido de tornar o processo de apoio à definição de plafonds de crédito em cartões bancários mais completo, transparente e informado. Para o efeito, e assumindo uma lógica construtivista, o sistema de avaliação a construir recorrerá à partilha de conhecimentos e experiências dos membros de um painel de especialistas na área dos cartões de crédito. Os resultados demonstram que o uso integrado de mapas cognitivos com a técnica DEX contribui para uma compreensão mais precisa e detalhada do problema de decisão em análise, potenciando uma tomada de decisão tendencialmente mais informada. Vantagens, limitações, implicações práticas e perspetivas de futura investigação serão também alvo de discussão.
The definition of credit limits in credit cards is generally considered a risky challenge for banks, and impacts families’ decisions. In practice, assessing clients’ financial capabilities, and thus anticipate whether they will assume their credit responsibilities, is a very difficult and highly complex endeavor, namely because there are numerous and differentiated variables that influence the definition of credit limits. Grounded on this difficulty, this study proposes the integrated use of cognitive maps with the Decision EXpert (DEX) technique, with the aim of making the process of definition of credit limits more complete, transparent and better informed. Assuming a constructivist stance, the evaluation system created resorts to knowledge- and experience-sharing with the members of a panel of experts in the field of credit cards. The results show that the integrated use of cognitive maps with the DEX technique contributes to a more accurate understanding of the decision problem at hand, leveraging a somewhat more informed decision making. Advantages, limitations, practical implications and perspectives for future research are also discussed.

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37

Aumont, Étienne. "La relation entre la stratégie de navigation spontanée et la prise de décision et les fonctions exécutives". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22224.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Cognitives cards"

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