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POLYAKOV, DIMITRI. "α-SYMMETRIES, COLORED DIMENSIONS AND GAUGE–STRING CORRESPONDENCE". International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, № 01 (2009): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09042657.
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We propose a scenario of gauge–string correspondence by relating the SU(3) color group to hidden space–time isometries originating from extra dimensions. These isometries (α-symmetries) are the special symmetries of RNS superstring theories under global nonlinear space–time transformations. The vertex operators for the octet of gluons are constructed by the procedure of "photon painting," that is, with the SU(3) subgroup of the α-symmetry generators acting on a regular open string photon, so the corresponding open string excitations are in the adjoint of SU(3). Remarkably, the operator algebra of these massless gluon vertices is closed and possesses the full zigzag symmetry, crucial for the isomorphism between open strings and QCD. As a result, the scattering amplitudes of the constructed open string vertex operators have a field-theoretic rather than a stringy structure, including the absence of standard tower of massive intermediate states. Our model also suggests that the total number of underlying hidden dimensions is three, with each extra dimension carrying its appropriate SU(3) color and anticolor.
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Jones, Graham A., Cynthia W. Langrall, and Carol A. Thornton. "Using Data to Make Decisions About Chance." Teaching Children Mathematics 2, no. 6 (1996): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.2.6.0346.
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Karen and Leon had been constructing their booth for the school fair. They had made a “pull the strings” game in which half the strings had one end painted red and the other half of the strings had one end painted blue. The strings are randomly placed over a board with the colored end hidden. After the first string is pulled, it is replaced to a random location so that ten strings are available for the second pull. A prize would be given whenever two strings of the same color were pulled. Leon was concerned that the game was not fair.
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Lipták, Zsuzsanna, Simon J. Puglisi, and Massimiliano Rossi. "Pattern Discovery in Colored Strings." ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics 26, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429280.
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Ghosh, Sudip Kumar, and Debabrata Bandyopadhyay. "Chemical leukoderma induced by colored strings." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 61, no. 5 (2009): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.01.016.
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Kientz, Jeremy L., Kathleen M. Crank, and Michael E. Barnes. "Enrichment of Circular Tanks with Vertically Suspended Strings of Colored Balls Improves Rainbow Trout Rearing Performance." North American Journal of Aquaculture 80, no. 2 (2018): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10017.
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Basaran, Fatma Nur, and Gulsen Sefika Berber. "COLOR FACTOR IN THE RELIEF PERCEPTION OF WOVEN FABRICS." International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v2i2.3870.
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Color is a phenomenon which is perceived through the amount of the presence of light and it may show variability depending on a lot of different factor. These factors can be sorted as color of the surrounding place, environmental factors, intensity of the enlightening light source, incidence angle of the light, form and direction of incidence, amount of light etc. Visual perception of the color in textile fabrics is absorbation of some part of the light which falls on fabrics and detraction of the other part through reflection. The reason why textile seems colored in here is it’s reflecting light. Light is a pathfinder for distinction and identification of color, volume and fiber connections of relief surfaces. Color is a design element which presents wide options for weaving and provides dynamism on the surface via light reflections during creation process. Relief perception in textile fabrics is able to be strengthened with numerouseffects by being evaluated diversely, in terms of material (raw material type that is used, properties of warp and weft strings) and in terms of manufacturing methods (construction and technique of braid during weaving, special techniques that are applied after weaving), thus the light being obtained is able to create different perceptions via numerous effects like shadow, fiber, volume etc. Encolouring on textiles can be fulfilled by both using the colored strings and materials during manufacturing process and putting textiles to some special practices like painting or printing. When the visual and physical properties which make up textile fabrics are taken into account, it turns out that color makes visual contribution rather than physical value. In this study, relief effect in the textile fabric is examined only with the color factor. In the study that is prepared by using descriptive research method, the contribution of colour factor in terms of material and production methods to relief effect is explained with appropriate examples. Keywords: Relief, weaving, textile, color, volume
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Weis, Robert. "Pious Delinquents: Anticlericalism and Crime in Postrevolutionary Mexico." Americas 73, no. 2 (2016): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.38.
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As Agent 15 of the Mexico City judicial police made his way home for lunch on a day early in December 1926, he saw a balloon floating in the breeze. He rushed to the rooftop observatorio of his apartment building, where he spotted a girl around 14 years old, wearing a lilac-colored dress, standing on a nearby roof and holding a string. Certain that the balloon had been released from this location, he ran down the stairs, and, while crossing the street, looked up to see yet another balloon. Balloons had been drifting through the sky since early morning, so many and from so many directions that police struggled to find where they were coming from. When the balloons popped, flyers came tumbling down, urging Catholics to engage in peaceful protest against government anticlericalism by adorning their houses with yellow and white stripes in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe on her upcoming feast day, December 12. Accompanied by a beat policeman, Agent 15 approached two men in the building where he had seen the girl with the string, surmising that they had aided the launch. Although a search yielded nothing more incriminating than a stick with four strings, he arrested the men. He and other balloon-chasing police officers were obeying specific orders in hunting down the perpetrators that day, but in a broader sense they had become enforcers of laws introduced in the 1917 constitution that sharply restricted the scope of religious expression and observation in public.
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Nabinejad, Omid, Sujan Debnath, and Mohammad Mohsen Taheri. "Oil Palm Fiber Vinylester Composite; Effect of Bleaching Treatment." Materials Science Forum 882 (January 2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.882.43.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of chemical treatment on the flexural properties of the composite. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers (OPEFB) reinforced Vinylester composite were prepared in this study. Soxhlet extraction together with sodium hypochlorite bleaching methods was used for chemical treatment. The diameter of fibers was reduced from a range of 250-350 μm to 10-15 μm by treatment. Shape and texture of the fibers transformed from solid brown colored strings into a white gel. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) test was carried to investigate the effect of treatment on the thermal properties of natural fibers. Vinylester composites were fabricated using untreated and bleached OPEFB fibers. The bending test results showed the bleached fibers displayed greater flexural properties compared to untreated fibers, where the time of bleaching was an important factor in the treatment process.
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Dash, Suvashis, Vamseedharan Muthukumar, and Shardendu Sharma. "Superstition, Misconceptions, and Magical Beliefs in Burns Patients—A Cross-Sectional Study of 100 Patients." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, no. 3 (2020): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa018.
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Abstract Superstitious beliefs have been frequently encountered in our day-to-day practices among patients and caretakers. Though this is a common phenomenon, there is a paucity of data pertaining to these beliefs due to various reasons. Many of these beliefs are deep engraved into the culture and mindsets of the population. This is an observational study performed in Tertiary burn care center in India during period October 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019. Data from 100 patient units were collected through a set of questionnaires given to each of patient and their caregivers/family members and responses were collected and analyzed. In the food category of superstitions, there was a thought that white colored foods had to be avoided to avoid pus discharge and wound healing in 60% of the response; eating pomegranate or drinking the juice of pomegranate improves the hemoglobin in 80% of the response. Wearing various colored strings in various parts of the body seemed to be a dominant practice in 85% of the responses, wearing the hair with origin from human, donkeys, horses, and various animals was practiced in 45% of people and wearing peacock feathers was seen in 40% of patients. About 95% of the patients thought adversely to the idea of bathing or even contact of the water with the wounds. This study is an attempt to analyze the different parameters of superstition, misconception, and magical beliefs.
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SILVA, MARIA ISABEL DA, LUIS CESAR SCHIESARI, and MARCELO MENIN. "The egg clutch and tadpole of Rhinella merianae (Gallardo, 1965) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil." Zootaxa 4294, no. 1 (2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.1.12.
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The Rhinella granulosa group consists of 13 described species with distribution from South America to Panama (Narvaes & Rodrigues 2009; Sanabria et al. 2010; Pereyra et al. 2016). Species belonging to this monophyletic group are characterized by their small to medium body size, ossified skull, small parotoid gland, keratinized cephalic crests and body covered by granules and spicules (Narvaes & Rodrigues 2009; Pereyra et al. 2016). These toads present explosive or prolonged breeding in temporary ponds of open areas (Borteiro et al. 2006; Mercês et al. 2009; Narvaes & Rodrigues 2009; Blotto et al. 2014), where eggs are laid in two long, uniseriate and gelatinous strings (Lima et al. 2012; Blotto et al. 2014; Pereyra et al. 2015). In general, tadpoles of these species are small, round and darkly colored (Blotto et al. 2014). Currently, only seven species have had their tadpoles formally described: Rhinella azarai (Gallardo 1965), Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron 1841), Rhinella fernandezae (Gallardo 1957), Rhinella granulosa (Spix 1824), Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo 1965), Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo 1965), and Rhinella pygmaea (Myers & Carvalho 1952) (Fernández 1927; Kenny 1969; Carvalho-e-Silva & Carvalho-e-Silva 1994; Borteiro et al. 2006; Lynch 2006; Mercês et al. 2009; Blotto et al. 2014; Schulze et al. 2015). Pereyra et al. (2016) discussed the taxonomic identity of tadpoles described by Lavilla et al. (2000) as Rhinella major (Müller & Hellmich 1936), and following their concern we do not include these in our comparison. For the Rhinella merianae tadpole, there has been only a brief description (diagrammatic drawings and color patterns in life) in the tadpole identification key from Central Amazonia of Hero (1990) as Bufo granulosus. Therefore, we present in this paper a formal description of the tadpole of R. merianae and additional comments of its clutch size, measurements of eggs and spawning sites.
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Ponomarenko, G. S., and P. G. Klyucharev. "Detection of Obfuscated Javascript Code Based on Abstract Syntax Trees Coloring." Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/mathm.0220.0000218.
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The paper deals with a problem of the obfuscated JavaScript code detection and classification based on Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) coloring. Colors of the AST vertexes and edges are assigned with regard to the types of the AST vertexes specified by the program lexical and syntax structure and the programming language standard. Research involved a few stages. First of the all, a non-obfuscated JavaScript programs dataset was collected by the public repositories evaluation. Secondly, obfuscated samples were created using eight open-source obfuscators. Classifier models were built using an algorithm of gradient boosting on the decision trees (GBDT). We built two types of the classifiers. The first one is the model that classifies the program according to the type of the obfuscator used, i.e. based on what obfuscator created the sample. The second one tries to detect samples obfuscated by the obfuscator whose samples are not observed during training. The quality of the obtained models is on par with the known published results. The feature engineering method proposed in the paper does not require a preliminary analysis of the obfuscators and obfuscating transformations. In the final part of the paper we analyze a quality of models estimated, discussing the certain statistical properties of the obfuscated and non-obfuscated samples obtained and corresponding colored ASTs. Analysis of generated samples of obfuscated programs has shown that the method proposed in the paper has some limitations. In particular, it is difficult to recognize minifiers or other obfuscating programs, which change the lexical structure to a greater extent and the syntax to a lesser extent. To improve the quality of detection of this kind of obscuring transformations, one can built combined classifiers using both the method based on the AST coloring and the additional information about lexemes and punctuation, for example, entropy of identifiers and strings, proportion of characters in upper and lower case, usage frequency of certain characters etc.
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Białas, A., and J. Czyz̊ewski. "Attenuation of coloured strings in nuclear matter." Physics Letters B 222, no. 1 (1989): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90734-x.
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Czyżewski, J., and P. Sawicki. "Fragmentation of coloured strings in nuclear matter." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 56, no. 3 (1992): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01565961.
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Burke, John, and Robin Koytcheff. "A colored operad for string link infection." Algebraic & Geometric Topology 15, no. 6 (2015): 3371–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/agt.2015.15.3371.
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LÜST, DIETER. "STRING CORRECTIONS TO QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 25 (2010): 4741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050718.
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In this paper we are considering coorections to strong interactions which are due to colored string Regge excitations. In case of a low string scale within the TeV region these higher spin excitations of quarks and gluons will lead to spectacular, universal dijet signatures at the LHC, which are true for a large class of models in the string landscape.
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Batyrev, Victor, and Anne Moreau. "The arc space of horospherical varieties and motivic integration." Compositio Mathematica 149, no. 8 (2013): 1327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x13007124.
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AbstractFor an arbitrary connected reductive group $G$, we consider the motivic integral over the arc space of an arbitrary $ \mathbb{Q} $-Gorenstein horospherical $G$-variety ${X}_{\Sigma } $ associated with a colored fan $\Sigma $ and prove a formula for the stringy $E$-function of ${X}_{\Sigma } $ which generalizes the one for toric varieties. We remark that, in contrast to toric varieties, the stringy $E$-function of a Gorenstein horospherical variety ${X}_{\Sigma } $ may be not a polynomial if some cones in $\Sigma $ have nonempty sets of colors. Using the stringy $E$-function, we can formulate and prove a new smoothness criterion for locally factorial horospherical varieties. We expect that this smoothness criterion holds for arbitrary spherical varieties.
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Kanti, P., and K. Tamvakis. "Coloured black holes in higher curvature string gravity." Physics Letters B 392, no. 1-2 (1997): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(96)01521-3.
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Leng, Xudong, Zhiqing Yang, and Ximin Liu. "A result on the Slope conjectures for 3-string Montesinos knots." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 27, no. 13 (2018): 1842008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216518420087.
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The Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture predict that the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot is matched by the boundary slope and the Euler characteristic of some essential surfaces in the knot complement. By solving a problem of quadratic integer programming to find the maximal degree and using the Hatcher–Oertel edgepath system to find the corresponding essential surface, we verify the Slope Conjectures for a family of 3-string Montesinos knots satisfying certain conditions.
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Hershman, Ronen, Yulia Levin, Joseph Tzelgov, and Avishai Henik. "The contribution of meaning to the detection of task conflict." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 74, no. 9 (2021): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211001331.
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The colour-word Stroop task produces both information conflict (detection of the ink colour vs word meaning) and task conflict (respond to the ink colour vs read the word). In this study, we measured both reaction time and pupil dilation, and the neutral stimuli in our study were non-readable letter strings as well as meaningless non-readable stimuli (i.e., coloured patches and abstract character strings). Our results showed slowest responses in the incongruent trials and fastest responses in the congruent trials. However, no differences were found between the investigated neutrals. In contrast, pupil dilation was largest in the incongruent trials and smallest in the neutral trials. Moreover, the more the neutral stimuli were meaningless, the less the pupil dilation that was observed. Our results suggest that non-word meaningless stimuli reduced task conflict (compared with all the investigated conditions). Neutral equivalence should be taken into consideration in Stroop and Stroop-like tasks.
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Suzuki, Tsuneo, Atsuki Hiraguchi, and Katsuya Ishiguro. "Monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD." EPJ Web of Conferences 258 (2022): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225802005.
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We present results of SU(3) Monte-Carlo studies of a new color confinement scheme proposed recently due to Abelian-like monopoles of the Dirac type corresponding in the continuum limit to violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identities (VNABI). The simulations are done without any additional gauge-fixing smoothing the vacuum. We get for the first time, in pure SU(3) simulations, (1) the perfect Abelian dominance with respect to the static potentials on (12 ~ 16)4 at β = 5.6 − 5.8 using the multilevel method, (2) the monopole as well as Abelian dominances with respect to the static potentials by evaluating the Polyakov-loop correlators on 243 × 4 at β = 5.6. The Abelian photon part gives zero string tension. The new SU(3) as well as the previous SU(2) results are consistent with the new Abelian picture of color confinement that each one of eight colored electric flux is squeezed by the corresponding colored Abelian-like monopole of the Dirac type corresponding to VNABI.
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Cook, Jeffrey J. "Who's Pulling the Fracking Strings? Power, collaboration and Colorado fracking policy." Environmental Policy and Governance 25, no. 6 (2015): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.1680.
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PACHOS, JIANNIS, and ANTONIOS TSAPALIS. "STATIC COLORED SU(2) SOURCES IN (1+1) DIMENSIONS — AN ANALYTIC SOLUTION IN THE ELECTRIC REPRESENTATION." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 17 (1998): 1371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398001431.
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Within the Schrödinger electric representation, we analytically calculate the complete set of wave functionals obeying Gauss' law with static sources in a general representation of SU(2) in (1+1) dimensions. The effective potential is found to be linear in the distance between the sources with the string tension depending on the polarization of the solution.
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NILL, FLORIAN. "A CONSTRUCTIVE QUANTUM FIELD THEORETIC APPROACH TO CHERN-SIMONS THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 11n12 (1992): 2159–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001080.
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Chern-Simons theory is formulated quantum field theoretically in terms of string operators, which are localized on finite non-selfintersecting paths in the zero-time plane R2. It is shown how the Weyl algebra approach to the abelian Chern-Simons theory leads to a bundle theoretic construction of these ‘Chern-Simons string operators’. To proceed to the non-abelian case topological Chern-Simons theory is considered as a specific model of a more general theory describing the quantum kinematics of coloured framed Plek ton s inR2. This theory allows the construction of string operators as pair-creation operators, mapping n-Plekton states into (n+2)-Plekton states. Link invariants are obtained as vacuum correlation functions of string operators and obey a natural version of reflection positivity. The vacuum sector of such a purely kinematical Plekton theory may be recovered from the link invariants by Osterwalder-Schrader reconstruction. To make the theory work one needs the structures of a ribbon graph category, for which the representations of a quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra may serve as a specific realization.
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FERRARI, FRANK. "THE MICROSCOPIC APPROACH TO $\mathcal{N} = 1$ SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 14n15 (2008): 2307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041153.
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We give a brief account of the recent progresses in super Yang-Mills theories based in particular on the application of Nekrasov's instanton technology to the case of [Formula: see text] supersymmetry. We have developed a first-principle formalism from which any chiral observable in the theory can be computed, including in strongly coupled confining vacua. The correlators are first expressed in terms of some external variables as sums over colored partitions. The external variables are then fixed to their physical values by extremizing the microscopic quantum superpotential. Remarquably, the results can be shown to coincide with the Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model approach, which uses a totally different mathematical framework. These results clarify many important properties of [Formula: see text] theories, related in particular to generalized Konishi anomaly equations and to Veneziano-Yankielowicz terms in the glueball superpotentials. The proof of the equivalence between the formalisms based on colored partitions and on matrices is also a proof of the open/closed string duality in the chiral sector of the theories.
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Miletic, Rade, Mihajlo Zikic, Nevena Mitic, and Radomirka Nikolic. "Biological and pomological characteristics of superior walnut selections." Genetika 35, no. 2 (2003): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0302123m.
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As late spring frosts are a limiting factor to successful growth of walnuts attention was focused on walnut selection in years when late spring frosts occur after bud swelling. This particularly referred to the years of 1998 and 2002, and, partly 2001. In those years, 32 walnut trees were found to produce satisfactory yield in regions severely affected by string spring frosts and were subjected to careful observation in the following years. Of that number, 11 trees were found exceptional. They were characterized by luxuriance, vigour, satisfactory resistance to walnut antracnose, and yielding capacity. Fruits had good quality and favorable characteristics of the shell (smooth, thin, light-colored, easily separable) and kernel (relatively smooth, light-colored, tasty). Fruit mass measured 18.0-9.3 g kernel mass 8.6-4.1 g, and kernel content 55.0-47.0%. The kernel contained 67.0-61.1% oil, 19.3-14.5% crude proteins and 2.65-2.12% mineral matter. All investigated selections had been grafted. They were grown in identical conditions, in collection, and the ones found best for commercial growth were selected.
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Gustafson, Paul P. "Finiteness for mapping class group representations from twisted Dijkgraaf–Witten theory." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 27, no. 06 (2018): 1850043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216518500438.
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We show that any twisted Dijkgraaf–Witten representation of a mapping class group of an orientable, compact surface with boundary has finite image. This generalizes work of Etingof et al. showing that the braid group images are finite [P. Etingof, E. C. Rowell and S. Witherspoon, Braid group representations from twisted quantum doubles of finite groups, Pacific J. Math. 234 (2008)(1) 33–42]. In particular, our result answers their question regarding finiteness of images of arbitrary mapping class group representations in the affirmative. Our approach is to translate the problem into manipulation of colored graphs embedded in the given surface. To do this translation, we use the fact that any twisted Dijkgraaf–Witten representation associated to a finite group [Formula: see text] and 3-cocycle [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a Turaev–Viro–Barrett–Westbury (TVBW) representation associated to the spherical fusion category [Formula: see text] of twisted [Formula: see text]-graded vector spaces. The representation space for this TVBW representation is canonically isomorphic to a vector space of [Formula: see text]-colored graphs embedded in the surface [A. Kirillov, String-net model of Turaev-Viro invariants, Preprint (2011), arXiv:1106.6033 ]. By analyzing the action of the Birman generators [J. Birman, Mapping class groups and their relationship to braid groups, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 22 (1969) 213–242] on a finite spanning set of colored graphs, we find that the mapping class group acts by permutations on a slightly larger finite spanning set. This implies that the representation has finite image.
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Fantasia, Rick. "Everything and Nothing: the Meaning of American Popular Culture in France." Tocqueville Review 15, no. 2 (1994): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.15.2.57.
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As one drives westward toward Geneva from the small city of Thonon-les-bains, with its stately perch on the Southern shore of Lac Leman, its fading Victorian-era hotel spas and 17th century château, and its remarkable views of the French Alps, one comes upon a stretch of road that, to an American, appears perfectly familiar and thus seems completely "foreign" in its French context. Quite suddenly, from both sides of the road, one's view is seized by the intrusion of brightly-colored placards, dazzling neon signs and coarse structures that signal a steady string of auto dealerships, gas stations, furniture outlets, garden supply stores, a kitchen appliance store, a bowling alley and a sprawling supermarket complex.
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Lafdil, Reda, Yassine Benbouzid, Hamza Berrada, et al. "MADURA FOOT: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 9, no. 11 (2021): 1093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2021.v09i11.014.
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Madura foot or mycetoma is a chronic desease that strikes tropical areas and is quite rare in the rest of the world. Its caused by bacteria or fungi infection. The clinical apparition is a sweling of the afected limb and production of colored grains via fistula.X ray allows us to know the stage of madura and histophatlogy to make the diagnosis. The treatement of mycetoma is consisting of medical therapy in early stages and surgical debridement or amputation when destruction of bones occures. We report the case of 65 old women treated in our formation.
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Qiu, Yutong, and Carl Kingsford. "Constructing small genome graphs via string compression." Bioinformatics 37, Supplement_1 (2021): i205—i213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab281.
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Abstract Motivation The size of a genome graph—the space required to store the nodes, node labels and edges—affects the efficiency of operations performed on it. For example, the time complexity to align a sequence to a graph without a graph index depends on the total number of characters in the node labels and the number of edges in the graph. This raises the need for approaches to construct space-efficient genome graphs. Results We point out similarities in the string encoding mechanisms of genome graphs and the external pointer macro (EPM) compression model. We present a pair of linear-time algorithms that transform between genome graphs and EPM-compressed forms. The algorithms result in an upper bound on the size of the genome graph constructed in terms of an optimal EPM compression. To further reduce the size of the genome graph, we propose the source assignment problem that optimizes over the equivalent choices during compression and introduce an ILP formulation that solves that problem optimally. As a proof-of-concept, we introduce RLZ-Graph, a genome graph constructed based on the relative Lempel–Ziv algorithm. Using RLZ-Graph, across all human chromosomes, we are able to reduce the disk space to store a genome graph on average by 40.7% compared to colored compacted de Bruijn graphs constructed by Bifrost under the default settings. The RLZ-Graph scales well in terms of running time and graph sizes with an increasing number of human genome sequences compared to Bifrost and variation graphs produced by VGtoolkit. Availability The RLZ-Graph software is available at: https://github.com/Kingsford-Group/rlzgraph. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Lewis, Wanda Jadwiga, James Raphael Smith, Wanda J. Lewis, and James R. Smith. "The Effect of String Tension Variation on the Perceived Pitch of a Classical Guitar." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2014): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v2i1.101.
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Actual motion of a vibrating guitar string is a superposition of many possible shapes (modes) in which it could vibrate. Each of these modes has a corresponding frequency, and the lowest frequency is associated with a shape idealised as a single wave, referred to as the fundamental mode. The other contributing modes, each with their own progressively higher frequency, are referred to as overtones, or harmonics. By attaching a string to a medium (a soundboard) capable of a response to the vibrating string, sound waves are generated. The sound heard is dominated by the fundamental mode, ‘coloured’ by contributions from the overtones, as explained by the classical theory of vibration. The classical theory, however, assumes that the string tension remains constant during vibration, and this cannot be strictly true; when considering just the fundamental mode, string tension will reach two maximum changes, as it oscillates up and down. These changes, occurring twice during the fundamental period match the frequency of the octave higher, 1st overtone. It is therefore plausible to think that the changing tension effect, through increased force on the bridge and, therefore, greater soundboard deflection, could be amplifying the colouring effect of (at least) the 1st overtone.In this paper, we examine the possible influence of string tension variation on tonal response of a classical guitar. We use a perturbation model based on the classical result for a string in general vibration in conjunction with a novel method of assessment of plucking force that incorporates the engineering concept of geometric stiffness, to assess the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the string on the bridge. The results of our model show that the effect of tension variation is significantly smaller than that due to the installed initial static tension, and affects predominantly the force contribution arising from the fundamental mode. We, therefore, conclude that string tension variation does not contribute significantly to tonal response. Photo credit: By Biblola (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
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Rana, JMS. "Duality and color confinement in restricted gauge theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 10 (2000): 795–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-027.
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Using electromagnetic duality, the isocolor charge-dyon interactions were studied in restricted quantum chromodynamics (RCD) in terms of current-current correlations in the magnetic gauge using the dielectric and permeability parameters of the associated vacuum. The resulting 1/k4 behaviour of the dual propagators is interpreted as a signature of confinement for the corresponding colored fluxes of the theory. Evaluating the vortex solutions of RCD semi-quantitatively, in accordance with Higgs-Ginzburg-Landau theory, expressions for London penetration depth, coherence length, and associated flux energy functions for types I and II superconducting media are derived and an analogy of the type of superconducting medium with the bag model and string picture of hadrons is discussed.PACS Nos.: 11.30 Jw, 14.80 Hv, 12.38 Aw
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ANDERSON, J. T. "HADRON DEGENERATE MULTIPLET MASS SPECTRUM FROM QUARK-MONOPOLE EQUIVALENCE." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 08 (1988): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388000970.
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Non-observation of quarks or monopoles suggests their equivalence, as has been proposed within string and bag and other models and implied for QCD by the monopole solutions. The possible magnetic nature of quarks is investigated within a non-Abelian field theory with magnetic sources and fermions and color. The sources are shown to eliminate the non-analytic singularities of the field Aμ by a scale-setting mechanism which introduces a degenerate mass. The scale-setting mechanism follows from the requirement of gauge covariance by removal of the non-gauge covariant term which includes essential singulari-ties of [Formula: see text]. The low-lying hadron degenerate mass spectrum is obtained in terms of the degenerate mass and the colored symmetry.
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Ford, Charles. "‘Gently Tender’: the Incredible String Band's early albums." Popular Music 14, no. 2 (1995): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026114300000742x.
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The monstrous machinations of the reissue CD market are reorganising our relations with ourselves, with our own and other peoples' pasts. This, in conjunction with the fact that baby-boomers have grown up, that pop music is no longer simply youth music, means that yesterday's and tomorrow's songs are not necessarily heard in that order, and that styles no longer grow and change in a linear fashion. In the simple act of repetition, thousands of albums, which, like Haydn's symphonies, were never intended for anything more than local consumption, are being underlined as worthy of recall, blessed with the glamorous radiance of digital sound. Musical nostalgia is highly seductive, but whilst it has resulted in considerable beauty and vigour in the hands of both Elgar and Stravinsky, it sounds predatory in the context of all those sixties music advertisements. More seriously – ‘lest we forget’ – political nostalgia, in the form of the search for the lost German Spirit, eventually proved genocidal. So, at a more personal level, I should be cautious about celebrating such a relic from my own past within the candy-coloured world of hippy psychedelia as the Incredible String Band.
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Estes-Smargiassi, K. A., and A. A. Klompmaker. "An enigmatic trace fossil from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) shales of Western Europe." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 94, no. 3 (2015): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2015.15.
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AbstractVarious trace fossils are known from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) shale deposits of western Europe, especially from Great Britain. Here we present a unique specimen, unknown from Rhaetian shales in western Europe thus far to our knowledge. The specimen consists of a string of small knobs collected from the dark-coloured Rhaetian shales from the eastern Netherlands, deposited in a marine, near-coastal environment. The specimen represents the first described trace fossil from these shales. The identity of this specimen appears enigmatic. However, SEM-EDS analysis showed that the string of knobs is pyritised and does not contain phosphorus nor did the sediment directly around the specimen, suggesting a non-coprolitic origin of the specimen. Eggs and larvae are also excluded as possibilities. The specimen closely resembles several trace fossils identified as burrows, which is why we favour this interpretation. The rare presence of trace fossils reinforces the hypothesis that the Dutch Rhaetian shales were deposited under a stresses regime with low oxygen conditions.
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JACKSON, RODGER L. "Physician Strikes and Trust." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9, no. 4 (2000): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100904080.
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Physician strikes in the United States have been relatively rare, although this has not been the case in other countries nor with other members of the healthcare community, such as nurses. This situation, however, could change. More physicians are either joining unions or seriously discussing doing so. The National Guild for Medical Providers, for example, is actively trying to expand its membership of 11,000 doctors in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New Hampshire into Illinois, California, New Jersey, Colorado, Texas, and South Carolina. The Federation of Physicians and Dentists, with 2,500 members in Florida and Connecticut, is trying to establish itself in Seattle, Las Vegas, Tucson, and Philadelphia. Although unions are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for strikes, if physician unions do become more prevalent, the potential for collective work actions, including strikes, increases.
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Jung, Dukgi. "A Study on the Components of the Military Official Uniform in Silla." Paek-San Society 124 (December 31, 2022): 199–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.124.199.
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Silla military officials had an official uniform different from those of other groups and their own prestige goods. This study examines a meaning and use of geum(衿), hwa(花), and ryeong(鈴) along with the components of Silla’s military official uniform.
 Officials had equipment for self-defense and ceremonial weaponry to participate in a specific occasion. Their uniform was composed of chaek(幘, square-shaped headgear) tied with a gwan string, colored gwan(色冠), four colored ui (色衣) for each group, colored ui according to the tasks, po(袍, type of overcoat), go(袴, narrow-legged trousers), belt that differs from jobok(朝服) and official uniform, hwa(靴, footgear), hwadae(靴帶, shoes laces).
 Ryeong is a bell hanging from a packhorse. It was used to make a sound so that transported goods could pass quickly or to prevent the horses from leaving. Hwa is a flag with a leopard print or large tiger tail on the spear shaft and flagpole. It indicated the presence of an army unit and whether a specific military officer within the unit was present.
 Geum is a decoration attached to the military flag or doryeon, the hemline of military uniform top. The former has a half-moon design on a white background, and the title and name are written on it. In addition, the edge of the flag is decorated with geum color. As for the latter case, the background color and title are omitted and doryeon is represented by color. The color was functioned to verify military official's identity when he died. The guem attached to the doryeon is similar to the modern army badges and identification tags.
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KÁDÁR, ZOLTÁN, ANNALISA MARZUOLI, and MARIO RASETTI. "BRAIDING AND ENTANGLEMENT IN SPIN NETWORKS: A COMBINATORIAL APPROACH TO TOPOLOGICAL PHASES." International Journal of Quantum Information 07, supp01 (2009): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749909004785.
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The spin network quantum simulator relies on the su(2) representation ring (or its q-deformed counterpart at q = root of unity) and its basic features naturally include (multipartite) entanglement and braiding. In particular, q-deformed spin network automata are able to perform efficiently approximate calculations of topological invarians of knots and 3-manifolds. The same algebraic background is shared by 2D lattice models supporting topological phases of matter that have recently gained much interest in condensed matter physics. These developments are motivated by the possibility to store quantum information fault-tolerantly in a physical system supporting fractional statistics since a part of the associated Hilbert space is insensitive to local perturbations. Most of currently addressed approaches are framed within a "double" quantum Chern–Simons field theory, whose quantum amplitudes represent evolution histories of local lattice degrees of freedom.We propose here a novel combinatorial approach based on "state sum" models of the Turaev–Viro type associated with SU(2)q-colored triangulations of the ambient 3-manifolds. We argue that boundary 2D lattice models (as well as observables in the form of colored graphs satisfying braiding relations) could be consistently addressed. This is supported by the proof that the Hamiltonian of the Levin–Wen condensed string net model in a surface Σ coincides with the corresponding Turaev–Viro amplitude on Σ × [0,1] presented in the last section.
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MacLeod, Rebecca B. "The Perceived Effectiveness of Nonverbal, Co-Verbal, and Verbal String Ensemble Instruction: Student, Teacher, and Observer Views." Journal of Music Teacher Education 27, no. 3 (2017): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083717739790.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how students, teachers, and outside observers perceive teaching effectiveness within a university-level string ensemble rehearsal setting. Students, teachers, and observers reflected on six rehearsal segments that used primarily nonverbal, co-verbal, or verbal instruction as outlined by Bob Culver in the Master Teacher Profile. Overall, participants viewed the verbal teaching episodes as being most effective, and expressed a preference for several elements associated with the verbal instructional mode. Five common elements of effective rehearsals identified by participants were Specific Instructions and Feedback, Delivery Skills and Eye Contact, Audible and Focused Co-Verbal Instruction Prompts, Conducting Effectiveness, and Ensemble Progress. Effectiveness perceptions were colored by participants’ sense of each teacher’s comfort with the different instructional modes as well as the elements of rehearsal teaching they personally valued.
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SJÖSTRAND, TORBJÖRN. "STATUS OF FRAGMENTATION MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 04 (1988): 751–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000345.
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Phenomenological models of multiparticle production have become increasingly important for the interpretation of experimental data in high energy physics. The evolution of these models fills a gap left open by the present limited theoretical understanding of the hadronization process, i.e. the transformation of outgoing colored partons into color singlet hadrons. The three main schools of thought, string fragmentation, cluster fragmentation and independent fragmentation, are presented in this paper. Included are discussions on similarities and differences, successes and failures, and recent developments. Perturbative QCD aspects with strong ties to the multiparticle production picture are also covered, in particular parton showers. An account is given of experience gained in the comparison between data and models. Since fragmentation studies are particularly well developed for e+e− annihilation events, this field is described in detail. A few comments are also presented for leptoproduction and hadron collisions.
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Heider, B., and R. Groner. "Vertical Visual-Field Differences in Schematic Persistence for Colour Information." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970313.
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The functional specialisation in the upper and lower visual fields is related to the distinction between far and near vision, and may parallel differences between the ventral and dorsal processing streams. Here, we studied possible differences in colour processing. According to postulates of Previc (1990 Behavioral and Brain Sciences13 519 – 575), we expected longer persistence and an advantage in colour classification for stimuli presented in the upper visual field. Performance was tested in a modified partial-report task to estimate duration of schematic persistence for colour and verbal information. The targets were letter strings—either red, yellow, blue, or green—presented in three combinations: (a) nonsense strings, (b) congruent colour-words, and (c) incongruent colour-words. Eight targets were simultaneously presented in a circular array for 60 ms. After a variable interstimulus interval (ISI, 0 – 900 ms), a coloured marker was briefly displayed pointing to one of the original target positions, and the participants had to report whether the colours of target and marker were identical or not. The responses were analysed separately for upper and lower visual-field presentations. The verbal content of the targets did not affect performance. There were no differences in performance between the two visual fields. However, analyses of both accuracy and reaction latencies showed significant interactions between visual field and ISI, ie performance decreased at a slower rate in the upper visual field. These results suggest longer schematic persistence for colour stimuli presented in the upper visual field.
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Aisner, Dara L., Mathew D. Rumery, Daniel T. Merrick, et al. "Do More With Less: Tips and Techniques for Maximizing Small Biopsy and Cytology Specimens for Molecular and Ancillary Testing: The University of Colorado Experience." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 11 (2016): 1206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0156-ra.
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Context.— In an era in which testing of patient tumor material for molecular and other ancillary studies is of increasing clinical importance for selection of therapy, the ability to test on small samplings becomes critical. Often, small samplings are rapidly depleted in the diagnostic workup or are insufficient for multiple ancillary testing approaches. Objective.— To describe technical methodologies that can be implemented to preserve and maximize tissue for molecular and other ancillary testing. Data Sources.— Retrospective analysis of a case cohort from the University of Colorado, description of techniques used at the University of Colorado, and published literature. Conclusions.— Numerous techniques can be deployed to maximize molecular and other ancillary testing, even when specimens are from small samplings. A dedicated process for molecular prioritization has a high success rate, but also increases workload, which must be factored into establishing such a process. Additionally, establishing high-fidelity communication strings is critical for success of dedicated molecular prioritization of samples. Numerous approaches can be deployed for alternative specimen types, and several technical approaches can also aid in maximizing small specimens.
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Falcão, J., A. Sandes, B. Rodrigues, I. Nascimento, P. Schwingel, and E. Silva Júnior. "Neuroanatomical structures manufacture: an alternative in the practical teaching of neuroanatomy." Journal of Morphological Sciences 33, no. 01 (2016): 017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.093615.
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Abstract Introduction: The neuroanatomy discipline is seen by students as one of the most complex and difficult of the basic cycle in health courses. This is taught with lectures and practical classes, where in the last one, the use is made of corpse parts. However, the use of this type of material has been decreasing making it professors and monitors search for new alternatives. One of these alternatives is the manufacture and the use of neuroanatomical models that assist and facilitate the understanding of practical teaching and learning. The study aims to manufacture neuroanatomical models alternative for the practical Neuroanatomy classes. Materials and Methods: The study is an action research, exploratory, descriptive, where were made neuroanatomical models in the Human Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, with cheap materials in order to improve learning in practical teaching. The confections of these models were made with polystyrene, biscuit dough, string, colored acrylic paint, ink colored oil, rubberized, cardboard and plaster bandages. Results: Were made ten neuroanatomical parts that corresponding to the spinal cord, reticular formation and the dermatomes of the limbs. Conclusion: It was observed that the manufacturing of these models is necessary for conducting practical classes being possible elaborate them with quality at low cost, being an alternative in front of real difficulties in obtaining corpse parts and being a strong tool in the teaching and learning of the Neuroanatomy discipline. But regardless of the alternatives utilized, the confection of models will never replace the use of corpse parts.
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Meilhan, Jean-Baptiste, and Sakie Suzuki. "The universal sl2 invariant and Milnor invariants." International Journal of Mathematics 27, no. 11 (2016): 1650090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x16500907.
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The universal [Formula: see text] invariant of string links has a universality property for the colored Jones polynomial of links, and takes values in the [Formula: see text]-adic completed tensor powers of the quantized enveloping algebra of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we exhibit explicit relationships between the universal [Formula: see text] invariant and Milnor invariants, which are classical invariants generalizing the linking number, providing some new topological insight into quantum invariants. More precisely, we define a reduction of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant, and show how it is captured by Milnor concordance invariants. We also show how a stronger reduction corresponds to Milnor link-homotopy invariants. As a byproduct, we give explicit criterions for invariance under concordance and link-homotopy of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant, and in particular for sliceness. Our results also provide partial constructions for the still-unknown weight system of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant.
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Denlinger, Roger P., and Daniel R. H. O’Connell. "Evolution of Faulting Induced by Deep Fluid Injection, Paradox Valley, Colorado." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 5 (2020): 2308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190328.
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ABSTRACT High-pressure fluid injection into a subhorizontal confined aquifer at 4.3–4.6 km depth induced >7000 earthquakes between 1991 and 2012 within once seismically quiescent Paradox Valley in Colorado, with magnitudes up to Mw 3.9. Earthquake hypocenters expanded laterally away from the well with time, defining the margins of the aquifer pressurized by injection at the well. Within 5 km of the well, alignment of earthquake hypocenters defines strikes of nine vertical fault zones. Previous studies show that these fault zones predate injection, producing left-stepping offsets in the normal faults of the Wray-Mesa fault system that cradles Paradox Valley. Hypocenters, rakes, and strikes of 2041 well-constrained focal mechanisms show that most injection-related earthquakes occur where these vertical faults intersect the pressurized aquifer. Well-defined focal mechanisms show that this induced seismicity consists of Riedel shear faults at acute angles to the strikes of these fault zones. These small faults develop an anastomosing fault structure of focal planes along each planar fault zone, as fluid injection continues, even as their hypocenters define a single planar fault zone. Failure conditions at each hypocenter are found using a fully coupled poroelastic analysis of stress induced by fluid injection, and this analysis indicates a minimum Coulomb failure condition of 0.1 MPa. This failure condition is primarily a result of aquifer pore-fluid pressurization, as almost all well-located seismicity is within the pressurized aquifer. Reducing the rate of injection and frequent well shutdowns in the second decade nearly eliminated induced seismicity, except very near the well where gradients in pressurization are the largest. Despite these decreases in failure conditions and seismicity, some fault zones continued to produce earthquakes larger than M 3 as injection continued.
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Thorpe, Kevin W., and Jeffrey R. Aldrich. "Conditions for Short-Term Storage of Field-Collected Spined Soldier Bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Adults Prior to Augmentative Release1." Journal of Entomological Science 39, no. 4 (2004): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.4.483.
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The date at which spined soldier bugs, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), can be trapped for augmentative release against overwintered Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), may be up to 5 wks earlier than the date of peak Colorado potato beetle emergence, necessitating storage of field-collected spined soldier bugs prior to release. The effects of temperature, photoperiod, and food on spined soldier bug survivorship and fecundity during and after a 5-wk storage period were investigated. In general, unfed spined soldier bugs had greater mortality and reduced fecundity compared with those fed string beans and mealworm larvae during storage. Temperature and photoperiod generally had no effect. However, female spined soldier bug survivorship was greater among unfed insects stored at 5°C compared with those stored at 15°C. Therefore, household refrigerators can be used for short-term storage of field-collected spined soldier bugs. Even when stored spined soldier bug females are fed, fecundity is low (14 nymphs per female originally collected). This may limit the use of field-collected spined soldier bugs for augmentative release against Colorado potato beetle to relatively small plantings of potatoes.
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Bhattacharyya, Debnath, Bijoy Kumar Mandal, and Tai-hoon Kim. "Designing a Bioengine for Detection and Analysis of Base String on an Affected Sequence in High-Concentration Regions." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/372646.
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We design an Algorithm for bioengine. As a program are enable optimal alignments searching between two sequences, the host sequence (normal plant) as well as query sequence (virus). Searching for homologues has become a routine operation of biological sequences in 4 × 4 combination with different subsequence (word size). This program takes the advantage of the high degree of homology between such sequences to construct an alignment of the matching regions. There is a main aim which is to detect the overlapping reading frames. This program also enables to find out the highly infected colones selection highest matching region with minimum gap or mismatch zones and unique virus colones matches. This is a small, portable, interactive, front-end program intended to be used to find out the regions of matching between host sequence and query subsequences. All the operations are carried out in fraction of seconds, depending on the required task and on the sequence length.
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Rudolph, Christian, Gerhard Wanner, and Robert Huber. "Natural Communities of Novel Archaea and Bacteria Growing in Cold Sulfurous Springs with a String-of-Pearls-Like Morphology." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 5 (2001): 2336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.5.2336-2344.2001.
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ABSTRACT We report the identification of novel archaea living in close association with bacteria in the cold (approximately 10°C) sulfurous marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. These microorganisms form a characteristic, macroscopically visible structure, morphologically comparable to a string of pearls. Tiny, whitish globules (the pearls; diameter, about 0.5 to 3.0 mm) are connected to each other by thin, white-colored threads. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies have revealed that the outer part of the pearls is mainly composed of bacteria, with a filamentous bacterium predominating. Internally, archaeal cocci are the predominant microorganisms, with up to 107 cells estimated to be present in a single pearl. The archaea appear to be embedded in a polymer of unknown chemical composition. According to FISH and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the archaea are affiliated with the euryarchaeal kingdom. The new euryarchaeal sequence represents a deep phylogenetic branch within the 16S rRNA tree and does not show extensive similarity to any cultivated archaea or to 16S rRNA gene sequences from environmental samples.
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Hidayati, Sri, Ahmad Sapta Zuidar, and Astri Ardiani. "APLIKASI SORBITOL PADA PRODUKSI BIODEGRADABLE FILM DARI NATA DE CASSAVA." Reaktor 15, no. 3 (2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.15.3.195-203.
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An experiment of sulfonation process of biodegraabale film was caried out using nata de cassava with variation of sorbitol concentration as plastisizer (0% (S0), 3% (S1), 6% (S2), 9% (S3), 12% (S4) and 15% (S5) by using Randomized Complete Design Block. The experiment result showed the best sorbitol concentration present in 9% sorbitol concentration The best characteristic of produced biodegradable film showed that visual properties were achieved with transparent colored white stringy, tensile strength of 11.76 MPa, percent extension of 13.28%, the solubility of 72.08%. This film can be degraded during 5 weeks. Keyword: biodegradable film, nata de cassava, sorbitol Abstrak Sebuah penelitian tentang proses produksi biodegradable film dari nata de cassava dengan perlakuan konsentrasi sorbitol sebagai plastisizer 0% (S0), 3% (S1), 6% (S2), 9% (S3), 12% (S4) dan 15% (S5) menggunakan Rancangan kelompok Acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik yaitu sorbitol 9%, dengan hasil penampakan visual yaitu berwarna transparan berserabut putih, kuat tarik sebesar 11,76 MPa, persen perpanjangan sebesar 13,28%, kelarutan sebesar 72,08%. Film dapat terdegradasi selama 5 minggu. Kata Kunci: biodegradable fim, nata de cassava, sorbitol
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Devi Ray, Swapna, Goldin Quadros, Prateek Dey, Padmanabhan Pramod, and Ram Pratap Singh. "Feather characteristics of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 6 (2022): 21161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7936.14.6.21161-21169.
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The systematic study of feather microstructure supports species identification, which is important in cases of illegally traded birds and bird-aircraft strikes. Our study focused on morphometric, macro- and micro-characters of feathers of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis from India. Among macro-characters, silver-colored filoplume feathers with pale black pigmentation on the barbs are specific for A. tristis. Morphometric measurements revealed that primary contour feathers (10.8±0.100 cm) were the longest and bristle feathers (1.26±0.051 cm) the shortest among all feathers. The longest (average) barb is found in primary contour feathers (1.875±0.123 cm), and the shortest in filoplume feathers (0.288±0.017 cm). We observed 3 types of nodal structures, and elongated prongs in bristle and filoplume feathers are significant characteristics of A. tristis. These insights into feather microstructures of A. tristis will aid species identification using plumology.
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Herdeiro, Carlos A. R., Alexandre M. Pombo, and Eugen Radu. "Aspects of Gauss-Bonnet Scalarisation of Charged Black Holes." Universe 7, no. 12 (2021): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7120483.
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The general relativity vacuum black holes (BHs) can be scalarised in models where a scalar field non-minimally couples to the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) invariant. Such GB scalarisation comes in two flavours, depending on the GB sign that triggers the phenomenon. Hereafter these two cases are termed GB± scalarisation. For vacuum BHs, only GB+ scalarisation is possible in the static case, while GB− scalarisation is spin induced. But for electrovacuum BHs, GB− is also charged induced. We discuss the GB− scalarisation of Reissner-Nordström and Kerr-Newman BHs, discussing zero modes and constructing fully non-linear solutions. Some comparisons with GB+ scalarisation are given. To assess the generality of the observed features, we also briefly consider the GB± scalarisation of stringy dilatonic BHs and coloured BHs which provide qualitative differences with respect to the electrovacuum case, namely on the distribution and existence of regions triggering GB− scalarisation.