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du Toit, L. J., M. L. Derie y A. C. Alcala. "First Report of Pythium sulcatum Causing Cavity Spot in Processing Carrot Crops in the Columbia Basin of Washington State". Plant Disease 98, n.º 3 (marzo de 2014): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0824-pdn.
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In October 2012, symptoms of cavity spot (1) were observed on roots of two 50 ha, Red Core Chantenay processing carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.)) crops in the Columbia Basin of central Washington. Symptoms consisted of sunken, elliptical lesions (3 to 15 mm long) on the root surface. Approximately 6% of the roots in each crop were affected, which was sufficient to present sorting problems for the processor. Symptomatic roots were washed thoroughly in tap water, and then small sections of tissue from the lesion margins were removed aseptically and plated onto water agar (WA) without surface-sterilization. Isolates with morphological characteristics typical of Pythium sulcatum Pratt & Mitchell (2) were obtained consistently from the symptomatic tissue. The genus and species identity of seven isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) using universal eukaryotic primers UN-UP18S42 and UN-LO28S576B with the PCR protocol described by Schroeder et al. (3). The ITS consensus sequences of the seven isolates (Accession Nos. KF509939 to KF509945) were 98 to 99% homologous to ITS sequences of P. sulcatum in GenBank. Pathogenicity of all seven isolates was confirmed by inoculating mature carrot roots of cv. Bolero. Each root was washed with tap water, sprayed to runoff with 70% isopropanol, and dried in a laminar flow hood on sterilized paper toweling. The roots were then placed in plastic bins lined with paper toweling moistened with sterilized, deionized water. Each root was inoculated by placing two 5 mm-diameter agar plugs, taken from the edge of an actively growing WA culture of the appropriate isolate, on the root surface approximately 3 cm apart. Non-colonized agar plugs were used for a non-inoculated control treatment. Four replicate roots were inoculated for each isolate and the control treatment. After inoculation, the roots were misted with sterilized, deionized water, a lid was placed on each bin, and the roots were incubated in the dark at 22°C. Roots were misted daily to maintain high relative humidity. Dark, sunken lesions were first observed 3 days post-inoculation on roots inoculated with the P. sulcatum isolates, and all inoculated roots displayed cavity spot lesions by 7 days. No symptoms were observed on the non-inoculated control roots. Colonies with morphology typical of P. sulcatum were re-isolated from the symptomatic tissue of roots inoculated with the P. sulcatum isolates, and the species identity of the re-isolates was confirmed by ITS rDNA sequence analysis, as described above. Although P. sulcatum is one of several Pythium species that can cause cavity spot of carrot (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sulcatum causing cavity spot in Washington State, which has the largest acreage of processing carrot crops in the United States (4). References: (1) R. M. Davis and R. N. Raid. Compendium of Umbelliferous Crop Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2002. (2) A. J. van der Plaats-Niterink. Monograph of the Genus Pythium. Stud. Mycol. No. 21. CBS, Baarn, The Netherlands, 1981. (3) K. L. Schroeder et al. Phytopathology 96:637, 2006. (4) E. J. Sorensen. Crop Profile for Carrots in Washington State. U.S. Dept. Agric. National Pest Manage. Centers, 2000.
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Sholberg, P. L., J. H. Ginns y T. S. C. Li. "First Report of Powdery Mildew, Caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum, on Coneflowers". Plant Disease 83, n.º 7 (julio de 1999): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.7.694b.
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Purple coneflowers (Echinacea purpurea) are grown in North America and Europe for their medicinal properties and as ornamental plants. In September 1997 and again in 1998, a previously undescribed disease was noticed on fully grown coneflower plants in Summerland and Oliver, British Columbia. Mycelia were observed on stems, foliage, and flowers, and distinct dark red to black, round (approximately 5 mm in diameter) lesions were observed on the flower petals. The disease appeared similar to powdery mildews that have been reported on numerous genera of the Asteraceae. Samples of the diseased tissue were examined and the salient features of the fungus on two specimens were determined: cleistothecia infrequent, subglobose or flattened on the side next to the leaf surface, 121 to 209 μm in diameter; epidermal (surface) cells 20 μm in diameter; appendages hyphoid, 5 μm in diameter, up to 200 μm long; asci, 10 to 19 in each cleistothecium, broadly ellipsoid, 47 to 85 × 28 to 37 μm with a short stalk, about 8 to 13 μm long and 8 μm in diameter; ascospores, immature, two per ascus, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 17 to 25 × 11 to 13 μm, thin walled, hyaline, and smooth; conidia oblong with sides slightly convex and apices truncate, 27 to 40 × 14 to 20 μm, walls hyaline, thin, smooth. Based on the occurrence of asci that contained two ascospores and the hyphoid appendages on the cleistothecia we concluded that the fungus was Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Damage due to this disease was minimal in 1997 and 1998 because it developed very late in the growing season and occurred sporadically within the plantings. In order to complete Koch's postulates, Echinacea purpurea plants grown in the greenhouse were inoculated with a conidial suspension (105 to 106 conidia per ml) from field-infected plants. Powdery mildew first appeared 3 months later, eventually infecting leaves and stems of 12 of 49 inoculated plants. It was distinctly white and in discrete patches on leaves, compared with coalescing dark brown areas on the stems. Microscopic examination of the conidia confirmed that they were E. cichoracearum. Although powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum has been widely reported on lettuce, safflower, and other cultivated and wild Compositae, we found no reference to it on Echinacea spp. in Canada (1,2), the U.S. (3), or elsewhere in the world (4). The specimens have been deposited in the National Mycological Herbarium of Canada (DAOM) with accession numbers 225933 and 225934 for Oliver and Summerland, B.C., respectively. References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) I. L. Conners. 1967. An annotated index of plant diseases in Canada and fungi recorded on plants in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. Canada Dept. of Agric. Pub. 1251. (3) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (4) J. Ginns. 1986. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada, 1960-1980. Agriculture Canada Pub. 1813.
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Clarke, Jennifer y David McClung. "Full-depth avalanche occurrences caused by snow gliding, Coquihalla, British Columbia, Canada". Journal of Glaciology 45, n.º 151 (1999): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000001404.
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AbstractSnow glide is the translational slip of the entire snowpack over a sloping ground surface, and it is thought that rapid rates of snow glide precede full-depth avalanches. The nature of avalanches that release at the ground makes them difficult to predict and difficult to control using explosives.On-slope instrumentation comprised of stainless-steel "glide shoes" was used to measure rates of snow glide for two winters on a bedrock slope adjacent to the Coquihalla Highway, Cascade Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Climate data and avalanche occurrences were recorded by the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways.Our results show that the supply of free water to the snow/ground interface by rain or snowmelt is the most important influence on full-depth avalanche release. Full-depth avalanche release responds to rainfall and snowmelt events within 12-24 hours. Occasionally, full-depth avalanches occur unexpectedly during clear, cold periods. Snowmelt by radiation is thought to contribute enough meltwater during these cold periods to induce higher rates of snow glide and full-depth avalanche release. The results also indicate that snow glide alone is not a reliable indicator for full-depth avalanche release.
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Clarke, Jennifer y David McClung. "Full-depth avalanche occurrences caused by snow gliding, Coquihalla, British Columbia, Canada". Journal of Glaciology 45, n.º 151 (1999): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000001404.
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AbstractSnow glide is the translational slip of the entire snowpack over a sloping ground surface, and it is thought that rapid rates of snow glide precede full-depth avalanches. The nature of avalanches that release at the ground makes them difficult to predict and difficult to control using explosives.On-slope instrumentation comprised of stainless-steel "glide shoes" was used to measure rates of snow glide for two winters on a bedrock slope adjacent to the Coquihalla Highway, Cascade Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Climate data and avalanche occurrences were recorded by the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways.Our results show that the supply of free water to the snow/ground interface by rain or snowmelt is the most important influence on full-depth avalanche release. Full-depth avalanche release responds to rainfall and snowmelt events within 12-24 hours. Occasionally, full-depth avalanches occur unexpectedly during clear, cold periods. Snowmelt by radiation is thought to contribute enough meltwater during these cold periods to induce higher rates of snow glide and full-depth avalanche release. The results also indicate that snow glide alone is not a reliable indicator for full-depth avalanche release.
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Mihalynuk, M. G. y E. D. Ghent. "Regional depth-controlled hydrothermal metamorphism in the Zymoetz River area, British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1996): 1169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-088.
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An estimated 6 km of basic to silicic volcanic flows and clastic rocks of the Early Jurassic Telkwa Formation is exposed in moderately east-dipping fault blocks along the Zymoetz River, British Columbia. Extensive wholesale zeolitic replacement of porous tuff beds suggests widespread hydrothermal activity. Metamorphic grade increases regionally from laumontite–albite facies to prehnite–pumpellyite facies with increasing stratigraphic depth. Telkwa Formation strata and the imparted metamorphic zonation are cut and tilted by rotational block faulting, and are repeated in each of the upturned blocks. Late Mesozoic to Tertiary plutonism locally thermally overprinted the regional facies, particularly in the western part of the area. Fluid-inclusion isochores, combined with calculated mineral equilibria, suggest that metamorphism took place at fluid pressures of 2 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) or less, consistent with estimates of stratigraphic burial. Metamorphic fluids were H2O rich and low in dissolved salts. Maximum temperatures during regional depth-controlled hydrothermal metamorphism, based upon the widespread presence of laumontite and the lack of wairakite in the middle to upper parts of the Telkwa Formation, probably did not exceed about 250 °C at H2O pressures of 2 kbar. Mineral zones, estimated paleotemperatures, and geothermal gradients are comparable to regional hydrothermal metamorphism in active volcanic settings such as Iceland.
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Schwab, Francis E., Michael D. Pitt y Susan W. Schwab. "Browse Burial Related to Snow Depth and Canopy Cover in Northcentral British Columbia". Journal of Wildlife Management 51, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801013.
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Marshall, E. "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Depth Charges Aimed at Columbia's 'Submarine Patent'". Science 301, n.º 5632 (25 de julio de 2003): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5632.448.
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Savant, Gaurav y Tate O. McAlpin. "Tidal Hydrodynamics in the Lower Columbia River Estuary through Depth Averaged Adaptive Hydraulics Modeling". Journal of Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/416914.
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The adaptive hydraulics (AdH) numerical code was applied to study tidal propagation in the Lower Columbia River (LCR) estuary. The results demonstrate the readiness of this AdH model towards the further study of hydrodynamics in the LCR. The AdH model accurately replicated behavior of the tide as it propagated upstream into the LCR system. Results show that the MSf tidal component and the M4 overtidal component are generated in the middle LCR and contain a substantial amount of tidal energy. An analysis was performed to determine the causes of MSf tide amplification, and it was found that approximately 80% of the amplification occurs due to nonlinear interaction between the M2 and the S2 tidal components.
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Campanella, R. G., R. Hitchman y W. E. Hodge. "New equipment for densification of granular soils at depth". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1990): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-020.
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An in situ densification probe that employs the novel technique of simultaneous vibration and dewatering has been developed by Phoenix Engineering Ltd. to compact deep, loose, granular soils. It is believed that pumping water out of the soil during the densification process offers improved densification capability over systems operating with vibration alone. An independent study was undertaken by the In-Situ Testing Group at the University of British Columbia to evaluate the performance of the Phoenix system.A field testing programme was conducted at a site in Vancouver where hydraulic sand fill overlies a natural silt and then medium Fraser River sand. Characterization of the site and evaluation of the densification treatment process were achieved using in situ tests. Changes to soil parameters due to densification treatment were examined, taking into account the modification of stresses brought about by the vibro-drainage process. The study investigated the degree of densification achieved, the value of concurrent drainage, the zone of influence of a single compaction probe, and group effects. The study also compares the performance of the Phoenix machine with that of other vibrocompaction equipment. Key words: in situ, densification, soils, granular, probe, vibratory, drainage, compaction, R&D.
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Russell, J. A., A. L. Brady, Z. Cardman, G. F. Slater, D. S. S. Lim y J. F. Biddle. "Prokaryote populations of extant microbialites along a depth gradient in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada". Geobiology 12, n.º 3 (17 de marzo de 2014): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12082.
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Williams, Hadley, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Haley Wecker y Hilda I. Calderon. "133 Influence of Particle Size of Enogen Feed Corn and Conventional Yellow Dent Corn on Nursery and Finishing Pig Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Stomach Morphology". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2021): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.123.
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Abstract Two studies evaluated the effect of particle size of Enogen® Feed corn (Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) and conventional yellow dent corn on nursery and finishing pig performance, carcass characteristics and stomach morphology. In Exp. 1, 360 nursery pigs (DNA 200×400, Columbus, NE; initially 6.6±0.1 kg BW) were used with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2×3 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and ground corn particle size (300, 600, or 900 µm). Overall, there was a corn source×particle size interaction (linear, P = 0.027) for G:F ratio. There was no difference due to particle size when pigs were fed conventional yellow dent corn, but in pigs fed Enogen Feed corn, G:F increased with decreasing particle size. Neither corn source nor particle size affected (P > 0.05) ADG or ADFI. In Exp. 2, 323 finishing pigs (241′600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 50.0±1.3 kg) were used with 8 or 9 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged identical to Exp. 1. Overall, corn source did not elicit differences in ADG, ADFI or G:F (P > 0.05). For corn particle size, ADG and G:F increased (linear, P ≤ 0.014) and ADFI decreased (P = 0.043) as particle size decreased. For carcass characteristics, there was a tendency (linear, P = 0.093) for increased HCW and increased (linear, P = 0.023) carcass yield as corn particle size decreased. For stomach morphology, there was a tendency for a corn source×particle size interaction (P = 0.055) for keratinization score with keratinization increasing linearly (P = 0.001) as particle size decreased for yellow dent corn with no change in keratinization score as particle size decreased for Enogen Feed corn. In summary, reducing corn particle size improved G:F with no major differences observed between corn sources for overall pig performance.
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Pardo Sandoval, María A. "Efecto in vitro del extracto de Solanum sessiliflorum “cocona” sobre el crecimiento de Helicobacter pylori". Ciencia e Investigación 13, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2010): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ci.v13i1.3185.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar y comparar el efecto in vitro del extracto de Solanum sessiliflorum “cocona” sobre Helicobacter pylori frente a los antibióticos: amoxicilina, tetraciclina, claritromicina y amikacina. La susceptibilidad para estos antibióticos fue determinada por el método de difusión de discos y el efecto del extracto de cocona sobre Helicobacter pylori por el método de placa vertida. Las cepas de Helicobacter pylori fueron obtenidas de biopsias gástricas y los medios utilizados fueron Columbia blood agar base y Mueller Hinton suplementado con 5% de sangre de carnero y, para la reactivación de las cepas de Helicobacter pylori, un suplemento específico Dent (Vancomicina 5 mg, trimetropina 2,5 mg, cefsulodina 2,5 mg y anfotericina B 2,5 mg); el ambiente microaerofílico se consiguió empleando OXOID Campy Gen. Los resultados confirman el efecto inhibitorio in vitro del extracto de cocona sobre Helicobacter pylori, siendo superior al de los antibióticos usados.
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Goulet, Henri. "The Genera and Species of the Nearctic Dolerini (Symphyta: Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae): Classification and Phylogeny". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118, S135 (1986): 5–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm118135fv.
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AbstractThe Dolerini consist of two genera (Dolerus Panzer and Prionourgus Goulet). Prionourgus consists of one species. Dolerus is subdivided into one species group and seven subgenera (nitens group, Neodolerus Goulet, Achaetoprion Goulet, Oncodolerus Goulet, Loderus Konow, Dicrodolerus Goulet, Dolerus s. str. Panzer, and Dosytheus Leach), and consists of 72 Nearctic species.Described as new are one genus [Prionourgus (type species: Dolerus salmani Ross)], four subgenera [Neodolerus (type species: Dolerus sericeus Say), Achaetoprion (type species: Dosytheus maculicollis Norton), Dicrodolerus (type species: Dosytheus apricus Norton), and Oncodolerus (type species: Loderus acidus MacGillivray)], 23 species [Dolerus abstrusus (type locality: Moose Factory, Ontario), Dolerus acer (type locality: Merritt Creek, Klamath County, Oregon), Dolerus aeneiceps (type locality: Robson, British Columbia), Dolerus alutaceus (type locality: Seymour, Illinois), Dolerus californicus (type locality: 1 mi. E Emigrant Gap, Placer County, California), Dolerus columbianus (type locality: Robson, British Columbia), Dolerus comatus (type locality: Pullman, Washington), Dolerus crinitus (type locality: Forestville, California), Dolerus decussatus (type locality: Chaffeys Locks, Ontario), Dolerusfaber (type locality, 25.5 mi. W Lakeview, Oregon), Dolerusfalcatus (type locality: Cheltenham, Pennsylvania), Dolerus fulgens (type locality: Huntingdon, Pennsylvania), Dolerus hebes (type locality: Marmora, Ontario), Dolerus incisus (type locality: Reindeer Depot, Northwest Territories), Dolerus inermis (type locality: Moscow, Idaho), Dolerus interior (type locality: Pullman, Washington), Dolerus laevis (type locality: Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park, California), Dolerus maritimus (type locality: Chase Lake, Snohomish County, Washington), Dolerus mimus (type locality: Gatineau Park, Quebec), Dolerus recurvans (type locality: Strawberry, California), Dolerus rossi (type locality: Fredericton, New Brunswick), Dolerus tacoma (type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington), and Dolerus urustus (type locality: Tuscarora, Nevada)], and two subspecies [Dolerus elderi pacificus (type locality: Sumas Prairie, British Columbia) and Dolerus konowi glacialis (type locality: Yakutat, Alaska)]. A new name, Dolerus sayi, is proposed for D. collaris Say, a junior secondary homonym.Treatment of each taxon includes synonymic list, diagnostic combination, descriptions, taxonomic notes, origin of new epithet, host and/or habitat, geographic distribution, and notes on affinities. In addition, under each species there is a discussion of geographical variation. Important character states are illustrated and geographical distribution is mapped for all species. Relationships between species of Dolerini are reconstructed from the analysis of structural characters using principles of cladistic systematics. Finally a classification is proposed for higher taxa of the Dolerini based on the reconstructed phylogeny.
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Egeler, Oliver y Tony D. Williams. "Seasonal, Age, and Sex-Related Variation in Fatty-Acid Composition of Depot Fat in Relation to Migration in Western Sandpipers". Auk 117, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2000): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.1.110.
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Abstract The composition of depot fat in Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) was dominated by C16 and C18 fatty acids (palmitate, 16:0; palmitoleate, 16:1; stearate, 18:0; oleate, 18:1), which together comprised 80 to 90% of all fatty acids analyzed. Significant seasonal variation occurred in the relative proportion of specific fatty acids and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in relation to the migratory cycle of the sandpipers. In adults of both sexes, the proportion of 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids decreased from winter (December) to premigration (March) to spring migration (May), whereas the proportion of 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids increased over these same periods. Consequently, total unsaturated fatty acids increased by 34% between the winter and premigratory phase, and by a further 22% between premigration and spring migration. Therefore, biochemical modification of adipose tissue in Western Sandpipers begins during the premigratory period in preparation for long-distance flight but continues as migration progresses, perhaps reflecting a training component of physiological modulation for migration. Juveniles showed similar changes to adults in the composition of their depot fat during the “premigratory” period, even though most juveniles do not undergo hyperphagia or rapid fattening at this wintering site. Potential prey species collected from a wintering site in Panama had a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids, less 16:1 and 18:1, and more 18:0 fatty acid compared with those from a migratory stopover site in British Columbia, paralleling the seasonal changes in depot fatty-acid composition observed in Western Sandpipers. However, the fact that Western Sandpipers show an increase in level of unsaturation and in the amounts of 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids in their fat stores on the wintering ground prior to migration suggests that seasonal variation in fatty-acid composition is not entirely diet dependent.
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Davies, John-Mark, Weston H. Nowlin y Asit Mazumder. "Temporal changes in nitrogen and phosphorus codeficiency of plankton in lakes of coastal and interior British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2004): 1538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-092.
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Plankton nutrient limitation and deficiency were assessed in six coastal and four interior lakes and reservoirs in British Columbia. Ultimate nutrient limitation was defined as occurring over longer time scales (months to years) and represented the potential attainable biomass or yield. Proximate nutrient deficiency reflected plankton physiological status and, therefore, represented potential limitations of instantaneous growth rates. All lakes and reservoirs were considered to be ultimately P-limited according to total N to total P ratios (TN:TP). However, both P and N deficiencies were found to occur at the same time, suggesting that when deficiency occurs, codeficiency is common. The <3 µm size fraction accounted for a large proportion of P debt, whereas the >3 µm size fraction accounted for most of the ammonium-enhanced response. Thus, plankton size is important for understanding nutrient deficiencies in plankton communities. Our results stress (i) the importance of measuring proximate deficiencies at greater temporal resolution, (ii) that N and P were commonly found to be codeficient, (iii) the need to define nutrient limitation and deficiency in the context of the method used, and (iv) that several concurrent measures of deficiency are required to assess the nutrient status of plankton communities.
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Hesketh, M., D. F. Greene y E. Pounden. "Early establishment of conifer recruits in the northern Rocky Mountains as a function of postfire duff depth". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2009): 2059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-120.
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Well-combusted duff (<3 cm depth) is generally considered the best seedbed for small-seeded species on upland sites, but we ask here, What is the optimal, postfire residual duff thickness? We hypothesize that a duff thickness equal to (but not greater than) the length of the germinant will offer the best conditions, because at this thickness, the duff layer will not prohibit radicle penetration into the mineral soil, and yet it will serve as a water-conserving mulch. Data from a recent fire in the Rocky mountains of British Columbia were used to show that for three species of Pinus and Picea, (1) duff depths <3 cm were far more clement substrates than thicker duff, and (2) there was a peak in relative survivorship at about 1–2 cm, somewhat shallower than the typical hypocotyl length for these species. Additional data sets from studies previously conducted at boreal and northern cordilleran sites in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, and Quebec (a combined 21 fires) bolstered these results.
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Mathews, Maria, Sarah Spencer, Lindsay Hedden, Emily Gard Marshall, Julia Lukewich, Leslie Meredith, Dana Ryan et al. "Development of a primary care pandemic plan informed by in-depth policy analysis and interviews with family physicians across Canada during COVID-19: a qualitative case study protocol". BMJ Open 11, n.º 7 (julio de 2021): e048209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048209.
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IntroductionGiven the recurrent risk of respiratory illness-based pandemics, and the important roles family physicians play during public health emergencies, the development of pandemic plans for primary care is imperative. Existing pandemic plans in Canada, however, do not adequately incorporate family physicians’ roles and perspectives. This policy and planning oversight has become increasingly evident with the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, pandemic. This study is designed to inform the development of pandemic plans for primary care through evidence from four provinces in Canada: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.Methods and analysisWe will employ a multiple-case study of regions in four provinces. Each case consists of a mixed methods design which comprises: (1) a chronology of family physician roles in the COVID-19 pandemic response; (2) a provincial policy analysis; and (3) qualitative interviews with family physicians. Relevant policy and guidance documents will be identified through targeted, snowball and general search strategies. Additionally, these policy documents will be analysed to identify gaps and/or emphases in existing policies and policy responses. Interviews will explore family physicians’ proposed, actual and potential roles during the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers they have encountered throughout and the influence of gender on their professional roles. Data will be thematically analysed using a content analysis framework, first at the regional level and then through cross-case analyses.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been granted by the Research Ethics of British Columbia, the Health Research Ethics Board of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board and the Western University Research Ethics Board. Findings will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed publications. Evidence and lessons learnt will be used to develop tools for government ministries, public health units and family physicians for improved pandemic response plans for primary care.
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Richards, Laura J. "Depth and habitat distributions of three species of rockfish (Sebastes) in British Columbia: observations from the submersible PISCES IV". Environmental Biology of Fishes 17, n.º 1 (septiembre de 1986): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00000397.
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McMillian, W. W., N. W. Widstrom, Dean Barry y E. B. Lillehoj. "AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED CORN GERMPLASM CLASSIFIED FOR RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER1 (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)". Journal of Entomological Science 23, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 1988): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.3.240.
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Insect damage and associated alfatoxin formation are serious threats to corn, Zea mays L., production in some areas of the United States. Plant resistance has been suggested as a potential control. In this study, dent corn genotypes varying in resistance to second-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), damage were evaluated at two locations for insect tunneling and alfatoxin formation in kernels of preharvest ears. To insure uniform exposure, plants were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus (Link) spores applied to the ear node and silk and were infested with ECB eggs applied to either the ear node or ear tip. Corn germplasm classified as resistant to second-generation ECB damage sustained significantly less ear damage than susceptible genotypes. Corn resistant to ECB also sustained less alfatoxin formation (29 and 295 ng g−1) than susceptible germplasm (592 and 1129 ng g−1). Ear tip infestation resulted in more aflatoxin formation (523 ng g−1) than ear node infestation (372 ng g−1). Overall, insect damaged was significantly higher at Tifton, GA, (5.3 cm tunneling/ear) than at Columbia, MO. (4.2 cm tunneling/ear).
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Averill, Stuart A. "The Blackwater gold-spessartine-pyrolusite glacial dispersal train, British Columbia, Canada: Influence of sampling depth on indicator mineralogy and geochemistry". Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 17, n.º 1 (febrero de 2017): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem2015-399.
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Beacham, Terry D. y Clyde B. Murray. "Variation in Length and Body Depth of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Chum Salmon (O. keta) in Southern British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1985): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-040.
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The magnitude of within-stock variability of postorbital–hypural length and body depth was investigated for spawning pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) stocks. Variability of postorbital–hypural length and body depth of male pink salmon, all maturing at 2 yr of age, was greater than that for male chum salmon, maturing at ages of 3–5 yr. Female pink salmon were less variable for the two characters than all ages of female chum salmon, equally variable when only age 3 or age 4 female chum salmon were considered, and more variable in comparison with age 5 female chum salmon. Males were more variable for each character than females for both species. Small males of both species tend to resemble females when body depths are compared. It is suggested that small males mimic females to reduce aggression from larger males and gain access to spawning females.
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Spetch, Marcia L., Alinda Friedman y Sheri L. Reid. "The effect of distinctive parts on recognition of depth-rotated objects by pigeons (Columba livia) and humans." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130, n.º 2 (2001): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.238.
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Rennie, Colin D. y Robert G. Millar. "Spatial variability of stream bed scour and fill: a comparison of scour depth in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) redds and adjacent bed". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2000): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-038.
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Scour depth in egg pockets of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) egg nests (redds) in a short gravel-bed spawning reach (45 × 20 m) of Kanaka Creek, British Columbia, was not significantly different from that in the adjacent bed during 1997-1998 winter flood events, whereas the scour depth in tailspills of redds was greater. Over the course of the incubation period, none of the egg pocket locations (zero of four), all of the tailspills (three of three), and 17% of the immediately adjacent bed locations (three of 18) scoured to the assumed egg burial depth of 15 cm below the initial postspawning surface elevation. Egg pocket scour depth has not previously been monitored, and the reliance of earlier studies on tailspill monitoring as an indication of redd scour may have led to faulty assessment of embryo loss. Only one flood event, which exceeded bankfull, caused widespread and deep scour and fill. Despite implementation of the most spatially intensive array of wiffle-ball scour monitors to date, scour was so variable that there was no spatial autocorrelation of scour depths.
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Chowdhary, Chiranji Lal. "3D Object Recognition System Based On Local Shape Descriptors and Depth Data Analysis". Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275911666180821092033.
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Background: A physical object, which is actually in 3D form, is captured by a sensor/ camera (in case of computer vision) and seen by a human eye (in case of a human vision). When someone is observing something, many other things are also involved there which make it more challenging to recognize. After capturing such a thing by a camera or sensor, a digital image is formed which is nothing other than a bunch of pixels. It is becoming important to know that how a computer understands images. Objective: This paper is for highlighting novel techniques on 3D object recognition system with local shape descriptors and depth data analysis. Methods: The proposed work is applied to RGBD and COIL-100 datasets and this is of four-fold as preprocessing, feature generation, dimensionality reduction, and classification. The first stage of preprocessing is smoothing by 2D median filtering on the depth (Z-value) and registration by orientation correction on 3D object data. The next stage is of feature generation and having two phases of shape map generation with shape index map and SIFT/SURF descriptors. The dimensionality reduction is the third stage of this proposed work where linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis are used. The final stage is fused on classification. Results: Here, calculation of the discriminative subspace for the training set, testing of object data and classification is done by comparing target and query data with different aspects for finding proper matching tasks. Conclusion: This concludes with new proposed approach of 3D Object Recognition. The local shape descriptors are used for 3D object recognition system to implement and test. This system is achieves 89.2% accuracy for Columbia object image library-100 images by using local shape descriptors.
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Howie, S. A. y H. J. van Meerveld. "Temporal variation in depth to water table and hydrochemistry in three raised bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia, Canada". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, n.º 12 (20 de diciembre de 2012): 14065–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-14065-2012.
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Abstract. The laggs of three raised bogs in coastal British Columbia were studied in 2010–2012 to determine the temporal variation in depth to water table and hydrochemistry. The lagg is an integral, but rarely studied, part of a raised bog that helps to maintain the water mound in the bog and provides a buffer for runoff from adjacent mineral areas. Depth to water table measurements in 25 piezometers displayed similar annual fluctuations, with the highest water table in winter and the lowest at the end of summer. The smallest fluctuations in depth to water table were recorded closest to the bog centre, and the largest fluctuations in the laggs and adjacent mineral soil sites. Removal of a mature forest stand on one of the study transects resulted in a "watering-up" of the lagg site; the mean water level between August and November increased by 8 cm from 2010 to 2011, and by up to 27 cm during the driest time of the year. pH, pH-corrected electrical conductivity, and Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations varied little during the study period, whereas Ca2+, K+, Cl−, and DOC concentrations and acidity were more variable.
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Topp, Werner y Richard A. Ring. "Adaptations of Coleoptera to the marine environment. I. Observations on rove beetles (Staphylinidae) from sandy beaches". Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 1988): 2464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-365.
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The sandy beaches of British Columbia are inhabited by a small number (11 species) of indigenous Staphylinidae which live near the drift line in the mid to upper littoral zone. They prefer fine-grained sandy beaches and most species feed on other intertidal invertebrates. All species investigated survived submersion in seawater by becoming quiescent, thereby reducing their metabolic rate. Oxygen consumption in seawater was greatly reduced. On re-exposure to air, a large overshoot in oxygen consumption occurred (in Thinopinus pictus), signifying a prior oxygen debt. In Cafius canescens, Cafius seminitens, and Hadrotes crassus the time required to reach full recovery was directly related to the duration of submersion, with 50% mortality in the population when recovery time exceeded 25 min. At a seawater temperature of 10 °C, LT50 was reached at 12–16 h submersion and at 20 °C, after 6.5 h. In Thinopinus pictus, however, recovery time was independent of duration of submersion, although the mortality curves were almost the same as for the three previously mentioned species, with LT50 occurring at 13 h at 10 °C and 7–8.5 h at 20 °C. Bledius monstratus showed symptoms of oxygen depletion only after a considerable time lag. Experimental submersion of this beetle resulted in an LT50 of 18 h at 20 °C.
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Riazi, Naimeh, David W. Eaton, Alemayehu Aklilu y Andrew Poulin. "Application of focal-time analysis for improved induced seismicity depth control: A case study from the Montney Formation, British Columbia, Canada". GEOPHYSICS 85, n.º 6 (22 de octubre de 2020): KS185—KS196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0833.1.
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Characterization of induced seismicity and associated microseismicity is an important challenge for enhanced oil recovery and development of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs. In particular, accurately correlating hypocenters of induced events to stratigraphic layers plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of fault activation. Existing methods for estimating focal depth, however, are prone to a high degree of uncertainty. A comprehensive analysis of inferred focal depths is applied to induced events that occurred during completions of horizontal wells targeting the Montney Formation in British Columbia, Canada. Our workflow includes a probabilistic, nonlinear global-search algorithm (NonLinLoc), a hierarchical clustering algorithm for relative relocation (GrowClust), and depth refinement using the recently developed focal-time method. The focal-time method leverages stratigraphic correlations between P-P and P-S reflections to eliminate the need for an explicit velocity model developed specifically for hypocenter depth estimation. We find that this approach is robust in the presence of noisy picks and location errors from epicenters obtained using a global-search algorithm, but it is limited to areas where multicomponent 3D seismic data are available. We have developed a novel method to determine statics corrections to ensure that the passive seismic observations and 3D seismic data share a common datum in areas of moderate to high topography. Our results highlight the importance of transverse faults, which appear to provide permeable pathways for activation of other faults at distances of up to 2 km from hydraulic fracturing operations.
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Williams, Hadley, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Haley Wecker y Hilda I. Calderon. "PSIV-15 Influence of Particle Size of Enogen Feed Corn and Conventional Yellow Dent Corn on Lactating Sow Performance". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2021): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.306.
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Abstract A total of 107 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) across 4 batch farrowing groups were used to evaluate the effects of corn source and particle size on sow and litter performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen® Feed corn (Syngenta Seeds, Downers Grove, IL) or conventional yellow dent corn) and ground corn particle size (600 or 900 µm). Sows were blocked by parity and BW upon arrival to the farrowing house. There were approximately 27 sows per treatment, sow was considered the experimental unit, dietary treatment was a fixed effect, and sow group and block were used as random effects. Main effects of corn source and particle size as well as their interactions were tested. From farrowing to weaning, there was a tendency for a source×particle size interaction (P=0.065) for sow BW change. Sows fed 900 µm Enogen Feed corn had decreased BW loss compared to sows fed other treatments which were similar in BW loss. There was a source×particle size interaction (P=0.048) for lactation ADFI with sows fed 900 µm conventional yellow dent corn having lower feed intake than the sows fed 600 µm conventional yellow dent corn, whereas sows fed 900 µm Enogen Feed corn had greater feed intake compared to the sows fed 600 µm Enogen Feed corn. There was a tendency for a particle size main effect (P<0.10) for litter ADG (2,849 vs 2,635 g/d) and total litter gain (45.7 vs 42.3 kg), with sows fed corn ground to 600 µm having increased litter ADG and total litter gain compared to sows fed corn ground to 900 µm. In summary, there were few differences in sow or litter characteristics among corn sources. Reducing particle size of both corn sources tended to increase litter ADG and weaning weights.
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Cassis, D., CM Pearce y MT Maldonado. "Effects of the environment and culture depth on growth and mortality in juvenile Pacific oysters in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia". Aquaculture Environment Interactions 1, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2011): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00025.
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Howie, S. A. y H. J. van Meerveld. "Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, n.º 9 (5 de septiembre de 2013): 3421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3421-2013.
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Abstract. In restoration planning for damaged raised bogs, the lagg at the bog margin is often not given considerable weight and is sometimes disregarded entirely. However, the lagg is critical for the proper functioning of the bog, as it supports the water mound in the bog. In order to include the lagg in a restoration plan for a raised bog, it is necessary to understand the hydrological characteristics and functions of this rarely studied transition zone. We studied 13 coastal British Columbia (BC) bogs and identified two different gradients in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties: (1) a local bog expanse–bog margin gradient, and (2) a regional gradient related to climate and proximity to the ocean. Depth to water table generally increased across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin. In the bog expanse, pH was above 4.2 in the Pacific Oceanic wetland region (cooler and wetter climate) and below 4.3 in the Pacific Temperate wetland region (warmer and drier climate). Both pH and pH-corrected electrical conductivity increased significantly across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin, though not in all cases. Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations were generally highest in exposed, oceanic bogs and lower in inland bogs. Ash content in peat samples increased across the bog expanse–bog margin transition, and appears to be a useful abiotic indicator of the location of the bog margin. The observed variation in the hydrological and hydrochemical gradients across the bog expanse–bog margin transition highlights both local and regional diversity of bogs and their associated laggs.
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Howie, S. A. y H. J. van Meerveld. "Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry, and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, n.º 3 (12 de marzo de 2013): 3143–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3143-2013.
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Abstract. In restoration planning for damaged raised bogs, the lagg at the bog margin is usually not given considerable weight and is sometimes disregarded entirely. However, the lagg is critical for the proper functioning of the restored bog, as it supports the water mound in the bog. In order to include the lagg in a restoration plan for a raised bog, it is necessary to understand the ecohydrological characteristics and functions of this transition zone. To this end, we studied 13 coastal British Columbia (BC) bogs and identified two different gradients in depth to water table, hydrochemistry, and peat properties: (1) a local bog expanse – bog margin gradient, and (2) a regional gradient related to climate and proximity to the ocean. Depth to water table generally increased across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin, but did not differ regionally. In the bog expanse, pH was above 4.2 in the Pacific Oceanic wetland region (cooler and wetter climate) and below 4.3 in the Pacific Temperate wetland region (warmer and drier climate). Both pH and pH-corrected electrical conductivity increased significantly across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin, though not in all cases. Sodium and magnesium concentrations were generally highest in exposed, oceanic bogs and lower in inland bogs. Ash content in peat samples increased across the bog expanse – bog margin transition, and appears to be a useful abiotic indicator of the location of the bog margin. These gradients highlight both local and regional diversity of bogs and their associated laggs. Knowledge of these gradients is critical if undisturbed bogs are used as templates for the restoration of damaged raised bogs.
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Rondon, Silvia I. y Maxime R. Hervé. "Effect of Planting Depth and Irrigation Regimes on Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Damage Under Central Pivot Irrigation in the Lower Columbia Basin". Journal of Economic Entomology 110, n.º 6 (16 de octubre de 2017): 2483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox277.
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Taylor, Linda A. y David M. Wood. "Equitable Jurisdiction of the Provincial Court of Alberta (Civil Division)". Alberta Law Review 35, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 1997): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1051.
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This article is concerned with the issue of whether the Provincial Court of Alberta (Civil Division) possesses any equitable jurisdiction. The authors first provide a history of equity and its fusion with law, and the impact of that fusion in Canada. The authors then examine the jurisdiction of the Provincial Court of Alberta (Civil Division) and conclude that, as an inferior statutory court, it can have no inherent substantive jurisdiction, only an inherent procedural jurisdiction. However, the Legislature can enlarge the Court's jurisdiction by statute (although the authors point out that there are limits on the jurisdiction that can be granted to an inferior statutory court). The authors then argue that, contrary to common belief, the Provincial Court of Alberta (Civil Division) does possess a limited equitable jurisdiction. They base this submission first on the wording of the Alberta Provincial Court Act, which allows the court to hear and adjudicate any claim for debt or damages (and unlike in other Alberta statutes, the Court in those situations is not specifically barred from granting equitable relief). Secondly, they submit that the granting of limited equitable jurisdiction is necessarily incidental to the achievement of broad policy goals related to the establishment of the Court. Finally, the authors compare the jurisdiction of the Provincial Court of Alberta (Civil Division) to that of the Small Claims Courts in Ontario and British Columbia.
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Luo, Hang (Robin), Abu Reza Mohammad Islam y Rui Wang. "Financing Constraints and Investment Efficiency in Canadian Real Estate and Construction Firms: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis". SAGE Open 11, n.º 3 (julio de 2021): 215824402110315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211031502.
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This article models the behavior of 179 listed and unlisted real estate and construction firms (RECFs) in Canada to study how financial constraints impact the investment efficiency of these real estate firms during the 2004–2020 period. Investment efficiency is interpreted here as the ability and ease of a firm to convert investment opportunities into actual investments. The results show that Canadian RECFs are strongly dependent on two sources of financing: equity financing and debt financing. Equity financing helped ease financing constraints due to a cash flow increase but was unlikely to decrease the uncertainty of follow-up financing of investments of these companies. This study constructed an investment efficiency index (IEI) for all 179 RECF firms. The results showed an investment rate loss of approximately 62% of the RECF firms due to financing constraints during the above period. The IEI of RECFs in Canada has demonstrated a descending pattern, and the investment efficiency level slipped from 0.47 to 0.40 from 2004 to 2020. Furthermore, a regional analysis demonstrates that compared with the RECFs located in Ontario, the investment efficiency indices of RECFs in Quebec and British Columbia were more volatile. Small RECFs demonstrated a very steady trend in investment efficiency during the sample period, which was completely different from the patterns displayed by large and medium RECFs.
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Samad, Mustafa A. y Ernest K. Yanful. "A design approach for selecting the optimum water cover depth for subaqueous disposal of sulfide mine tailings". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2005): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-094.
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The use of shallow water covers to flood reactive mine tailings is one of the most effective and common methods of managing sulfide-rich reactive mine tailings in temperate climates. One of the aspects critical to the success of subaqueous tailings disposal is the water depth required in the pond to maintain desirable water quality. Wind waves and associated pressure-driven currents could resuspend the tailings, which might result in increased oxidation and compromise the quality of the water cover. Although existing methodologies for water cover design are based on eliminating tailings resuspension, sediment-trap data from several sites in Canada still indicate resuspension in most of the ponds. In the present paper, a design methodology is proposed for optimizing the water cover depth, allowing sediment resuspension within regulatory limits. The method uses linear wave theory and countercurrent flow profiles to obtain the total bottom shear stress, which is then compared with the critical shear stress of the tailings to predict the onset of erosion and resuspension and to compute the resulting mass of suspended tailings. Application of the methodology to a tailings pond in British Columbia, Canada, indicates that although a maximum water cover depth of 2.5 m is necessary to eliminate tailings resuspension, a maximum depth of 1.5 m could still be used, as the resulting concentration of suspended tailings remains within the regulatory limit. The methodology also provides an estimate of the impact of resuspension-induced oxidation on the quality of the water cover above the tailings, such as sulfate production.Key words: mine tailings, water cover, wind waves, countercurrent flows, shear stress, resuspension.
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Wheeler, Deborah L. "MARY ANN TÉTREAULT, Stories of Democracy: Politics and Society in Contemporary Kuwait (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000). Pp. 318. $18.50 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2001): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801474071.
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In her pivotal work on Kuwaiti politics, Mary Ann Tétreault provides an “insider's guide” to the private and public spaces in which struggles over communal power are pursued by the government, the Parliament, and the people of Kuwait. Tétreault is careful to call her text “Stories of Democracy,” as she realizes the reflexive nature of what democracy means at different periods in history (before oil, after oil, under Iraqi occupation, in post-Liberation Kuwait); for different people in Kuwait (women, the merchants, government officials, tribal leaders, service politicians, opposition leaders); and in different contexts (the mosque, the diwaniyya or men's social club, the civic association, Parliament, the government). With this in mind, she argues that “democracy” is a “concept that ‘moves' depending on one's assumptions” (p. 3). Her basic message is that Kuwaiti politics resembles the politics of the Greek city-state, and she relies on various forms of Aristotelian comparison to explore this concept. Moreover, Tétreault illustrates that much of Kuwaiti politics resembles a high-stakes soap opera. For example, she calls the bad debt crisis “one of the longest running soap operas in Kuwaiti politics” (p. 164). In Chapter 4, she labels Kuwaiti politics “a family romance, whose grip on political actors constrains their choices” (p. 67). Toward the end of her text in chapter 8, Tétreault combines these metaphors when she observes that in the city-state that is Kuwait, politics are “the product of a domestic public life that seems all too often like life in a large and contentious family” (p. 206).
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Wright, Jonathan D. y Jessica Ernst. "Effects of Mid-winter Snow Depth on Stand Selection by Wolverines, Gulo gulo luscus, in the Boreal Forest". Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2004): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.882.
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Wolverines (Gulo gulo luscus) in a study area in the boreal upland forests of northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia (approximately 57°N) were noted to be limited to upland landscapes, despite abundant food in adjacent lowland landscapes. Snow-tracking suggested that the species was selecting for the densest climax conifer stands for travel in search of food. It was hypothesized that snow depth was a limiting factor for Wolverines in the boreal forest during midwinter, and that they selected for this stand-type because of the buffering effect of this type of canopy on ground snow-depths. A series of snow-depth measurements were collected. Snow depths collected along Wolverine trails were very significantly lower than random snow depths collected under upland canopy (F = 32.84, df = 1, P << 0.010). There was a significant buffering effect on snow depth indicated for upland canopy (F = 11.1, df = 1, P < 0.010), while adjacent lowland canopy had no significant buffering effect on snow depth (F = 3.45, df = 1, P > 0.05). Wolverines were hypothesized to be limited to upland landscapes in the study area because of the buffering effect on snow-depth of the stand types found there, and not for reasons of food availability. Climax conifer stands were interpreted as being of high importance to Wolverine survival during winter. Conservation implications include the detrimental effect on Wolverine populations likely to result from current timber harvesting practices in the boreal forest.
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Ochonski, Patricia, Fangzhou Wu, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth y James M. Lattimer. "PSIV-19 Evaluation of Enogen® high amylase corn on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs". Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2 de noviembre de 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.315.
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Abstract A total of 288 pigs (Line 600 241, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 41.6 kg) were used in an 82-d trial to determine if replacing conventional yellow dent corn with high amylase corn (Enogen®, Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) influences growth performance and carcass characteristics. Diets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 corn sources (yellow dent or high amylase) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 25%). Experimental diets were fed in meal form in 3 phases: d 0 to 29, 29 to 47, and 47 to 82. There were 9 pens/treatment each containing an equal number of barrows and gilts. Pigs were weighed approximately every 2 wk and at the beginning of each phase. On d 82, pigs were transported to a commercial packing plant for processing and carcass data collection. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between corn source and DDGS inclusion for overall performance or carcass characteristics. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was marginally greater (P < 0.089) for pigs fed high amylase than yellow dent corn with no evidence (P > 0.196) for difference in feed intake, feed efficiency (G/F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or other carcass traits. Addition of DDGS resulted in decreased (P < 0.037) overall ADG and G/F. Pigs fed DDGS had marginally lower (P < 0.071) HCW, less (P < 0.050) backfat, greater (P < 0.026) loin depth, and greater (P < 0.020) percentage lean and iodine values. In summary, high amylase corn tended to improve overall ADG; however, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were unchanged between corn sources. Consistent with previous research, addition of DDGS decreased ADG and increased IV.
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Anderson, Gail y Lynne Bell. "Comparison of Faunal Scavenging of Submerged Carrion in Two Seasons at a Depth of 170 m, in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia". Insects 8, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects8010033.
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Chang, J. M. y C. L. Andronicos. "Constraints on the depth of generation and emplacement of a magmatic epidote-bearing quartz diorite pluton in the Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia". Terra Nova 21, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00905.x.
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Neves, Bárbara M., Cherisse Du Preez y Evan Edinger. "Mapping coral and sponge habitats on a shelf-depth environment using multibeam sonar and ROV video observations: Learmonth Bank, northern British Columbia, Canada". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 99 (enero de 2014): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.026.
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Burns, E. R., C. F. Williams, S. E. Ingebritsen, C. I. Voss, F. A. Spane y J. DeAngelo. "Understanding heat and groundwater flow through continental flood basalt provinces: insights gained from alternative models of permeability/depth relationships for the Columbia Plateau, USA". Geofluids 15, n.º 1-2 (19 de septiembre de 2014): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12095.
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Allen, D. M., S. E. Grasby y D. A. Voormeij. "Determining the circulation depth of thermal springs in the southern Rocky Mountain Trench, south-eastern British Columbia, Canada using geothermometry and borehole temperature logs". Hydrogeology Journal 14, n.º 1-2 (17 de febrero de 2005): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0428-z.
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Kamieniecki, R., B. Vaughn, J. Danielson, K. Bonnie, M. Carter, T. Mihic, S. Williams y J. Puyat. "Characterizing the inpatient care of young adults experiencing early psychosis". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.409.
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Introduction/objectivesThe available literature suggests that treatments and health services for psychosis are considered to be poorly organized and highly variable. Little is known, however, about how inpatient care is provided to individuals experiencing early psychosis. To facilitate quality improvement activities, we characterized the care this patient group receives in an inner city hospital.MethodsWe performed chart reviews of individuals admitted to psychiatric inpatient units at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia between 01/04/2014 and 31/03/2016. Those who were 17–25 years of age and hospitalized for psychotic symptoms at the time of admission were included. Demographic and health service use were summarized using descriptive characteristics.ResultsWe identified 73 inpatients (mean age = 22; males = 78%; Caucasian = 41%) that met study inclusion criteria, having a combined total of 102 care episodes and an average length of stay of 30.7 days (median = 18; min = 3; max = 268). Half of the care episodes were repeat admissions, with up to 30% of the patients readmitted within 28 days of discharge. Physical and mental status examinations (MSE) were performed in virtually all care episodes, although frequency is low (31.4% had daily physical examinations and 18.6% had MSE every nursing shift). In 49% and 50% of care episodes, patients were given oral antipsychotics and discharged on depot medications. Even when indicated, not all care episodes had follow-up appointments (60%) or referrals to income assistance (35%), community mental health teams (61%), and housing support (38%).ConclusionsSpecific programs are needed to address current gaps in inpatient care for patients with early psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Matringe, Nadia. "Richard Sylla and David J. Cowen, Alexander Hamilton on finance, credit, and debt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. Pp. xiv+346. ISBN 9780231184564 Hbk. £24.99/$29.95)". Economic History Review 71, n.º 4 (9 de octubre de 2018): 1433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12806.
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Reynolds, E. B. "Book Reviews : James W. Morley, ed. Japan Erupts: The London Naval Conference and the Manchurian Inci dent, 1928-1932, New York: (Columbia University Press, 410 pp. 1984) $ 35". Journal of Asian and African Studies 22, n.º 1-2 (1 de enero de 1987): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190968702200118.
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GARRISON, ROSSER W. y NATALIA VON ELLENRIEDER. "Damselflies of the genus Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Ecuador with descriptions of five new species". Zootaxa 4470, n.º 1 (3 de septiembre de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4470.1.1.
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Treinta y una especies de Argia son registradas de Ecuador, de las cuales dos, A. huanacina Förster y A. jocosa Hagen, constituyen nuevos registros para el país, y cinco son nuevas para la ciencia y son descriptas aquí: Argia acridens n. sp. (Holotipo ♂: ECUADOR, Prov. Manabí, 79 km al oeste de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 0°20' S, 79°46' O, 260 m, 7 Mayo 1975, Paul J. Spangler et al. leg., en USNM), Argia cuspidata n. sp. (Holotipo ♂: ECUADOR, Prov. Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas: 19 km al este de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 0°18'49'' S, 79°1'44'' O, 740 m, 7 Mayo 1975, A. Langley & J. Cohen leg., en USNM), A. philipi n. sp. (Holotipo ♂: BOLIVIA, Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Chapare: arroyo 5 km al sur de Villa Tunari, mediodía, 16°59'49" S, 65°24'28" O, 350 m, 4 Noviembre 2001, Jerrell J. Daigle leg., en FSCA), Argia selysi n. sp. (Holotipo ♂: ECUADOR, Prov. Napo: Jatun Yacu, Cuenca del Río Napo, 1°1' S, 77°50' O, 700 m, 18 Abril 1935, William Clarke-Macintyre leg., en UMMZ) y A. tennesseni n. sp. (Holotipo ♂: ECUADOR, Prov. Orellana: arroyo 8.5 km al este de Loreto, 0°37' 6" S, 77°17' 42" O, 360 m, 14 Septiembre 1997, Kenneth J. Tennessen leg., en FSCA). Las nuevas especies son ilustradas y diagnosticadas de sus congéneres, y sus áreas de distribución conocidas son mapeadas. Para ayudar en su identificación, se proveen también ilustraciones y /o mapas de distribución de especies relacionadas, incluyendo a: A. adamsi Calvert, A. difficilis Selys, A. dives Förster, A. huanacina Förster, A. fulgida Navás, A. infrequentula Fraser, A. jocosa Hagen en Selys, A. joergenseni Ris, A. limitata Navás, A. medullaris Selys, A. orichalcea Hagen en Selys y A. ulmeca Calvert. Argia columbiana Navás y A. rectangula Navás son tratadas como sinónimos junior subjetivos de Argia medullaris Selys. Se proporciona una clave para las ocho especies conocidas metálicas rojas de Argia de América del Sur.
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PARRA-SEPÚLVEDA, Cristian, José S. MERINO, Katia SÁEZ-CARRILLO, Carlos GONZÁLEZ y Apolinaria GARCÍA-CANCINO. "ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AT THE BIOBÍO REGION (CHILE) IN A DECADE". Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 56, n.º 4 (octubre de 2019): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-72.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection in Chile remains as a public and private health-care system’s challenge, with a prevalence of the infection over 70%. Nowadays, antibiotic treatment of the infection is mandatory to prevent the arising of severe associated diseases but failures in the eradication therapy mainly due to clarithromycin resistance has been observed worldwide and first line eradication therapy seems to be not effective anymore in several geographical areas. Thus, health-care systems are committed to maintain an epidemiological surveillance upon the evolution of the antibiotic resistance of this priority 2 pathogen. OBJECTIVE: This work reports a 10 years surveillance of the primary antibiotic resistance of H. pylori clinical isolates at the Biobío region-Chile, and the evolution of resistance toward amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline among the species. METHODS: H. pylori strains were investigated during the periods 2005-2007 (1435 patients analysed) and 2015-2017 (220 patients analysed) by inoculating a saline homogenate biopsy onto the surface of Columbia agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) - supplemented with 7% horse red blood cells plus DENT inhibitor (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) - following by incubation at 37ºC under 10% CO2 atmosphere for five days. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion test in Müeller-Hinton agar supplemented with 7% horse red blood cells followed by incubation for further three days under 10% CO2 atmosphere. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS v22 software and P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 41% of 1435 patients were detected to be infected with H. pylori by bacteriological culture in 2005-2007 period, meanwhile 32.7% from 220 patients were also infected in 2015-2017 period. The clinical isolates of H. pylori are mostly susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline (both over 98% of strains), but less susceptible to levofloxacin in both periods analysed (over 79% of the strains). On the other hand, metronidazole continuous showing the highest score of resistant isolates (over 40% of resistant strains), although an 18% fewer resistant strains were observed in 2015-2017 period. Clarithromycin, the key antibiotic in eradication therapies, has an increased frequency of resistant strain isolated in the decade (22.5% in 2005-2007 and 29.2% in 2015-2017). Multidrug resistant strains (two, three and four antibiotics) were also detected in both periods with the highest scores for simultaneous resistance to clarithromycin-metronidazole (18%) and clarithromycin-metronidazole-levofloxacin (12.5%) resistant strains. According to gender, the isolates resistant to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole were more frequent in female, with a specific increment in amoxicillin and clarithromycin resistance. CONCLUSION: The frequency of clarithromycin resistance (29.2%) detected in 2015-2017 suggests that conventional triple therapy is no longer effective in this region.
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Kelm, Mary-Ellen. "The Iconic North: Cultural Constructions of Aboriginal Life in Postwar Canada by Joan SangsterJoan Sangster, Legal Plunder: Households and Debt Collection in Late Medieval Europe. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2016. vii, 391 pp. $95.00 Cdn (cloth), $34.95 Cdn (paper or e-book)." Canadian Journal of History 53, n.º 2 (julio de 2018): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.53.2.rev28.
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Mitchell, Ian. "ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATION OF A LIGHT NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID HYDROCARBON PLUME IN FRACTURED BEDROCK". Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining 5, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/2377-3545-5.1.1.
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INTRODUCTION During the extension of an access road on the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt in Colwood, British Columbia, a black, viscous, liquid hydrocarbon product was observed oozing from newly exposed bedrock fractures in the roadside. Road excavation was subsequently halted to undertake assessment and remediation of the hydrocarbon product. The exposed bedrock was dammed with sawdust, a geomembrane barrier was installed and the area was backfilled until an appropriate course of action could be determined. The site location is shown in Figure 1. The property boundary and key site features are shown in Figure 2; the hydrocarbon seep is shown in Figure 3. Bunker C oil is a heavy-end (high molecular weight) hydrocarbon product that has a specific gravity slightly less than water and is therefore a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). The source of the LNAPL was inferred to originate from a decommissioned fuel depot located approximately 100 m distance uphill from the road, where 40,000 barrels of Bunker C fuel oil were historically stored in one of three, large above-ground storage tanks (ASTs). A Bunker C oil spill reportedly took place at the tank farm more than two decades prior; however, the spill volume was unknown and initial investigations found no evidence of contamination between the roadside LNAPL occurrence and the former AST. Furthermore, there was also anecdotal evidence that an historic asphalt manufacturing facility may have operated in the vicinity of the access road. A hydrocarbon product similar to Bunker C is used in the manufacture of asphalt. The source and extent of the LNAPL and the potential migration pathways to the roadside location were therefore unknown. When an LNAPL spill occurs in the subsurface, the LNAPL can migrate downward under gravity through the soil pore space in the unsaturated zone. When LNAPL encounters the ground water table (the top of the saturated zone), it tends to spread out laterally because it is less dense than water and will migrate primarily in the direction of the water table gradient (water table slope). However, when LNAPL encounters bedrock, the direction of LNAPL migration can become much more complicated depending on the degree and orientation of bedrock fractures that control its movement. When fracture density is sufficiently high and the fractures are interconnected, contamination is able to migrate down-gradient through the bedrock in the same manner as through unconsolidated materials. However, when dominant structural features are prevalent that favour specific orientations, preferential pathways are created that can result in the cross-gradient migration of LNAPL. This paper presents a case study for the assessment and remediation of LNAPL in bedrock at the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt (the site). Geological mapping of bedrock structural features has long been used by the mining industry to identify key structures associated with economic zones of mineralization and to predict the location and extent of mineralized targets. In a similar regard, to effectively remediate LNAPL within fractured bedrock requires the identification and characterization of any structural features that might be controlling the preferential migration of LNAPL within the subsurface to other areas of the site. A significant amount of surface outcrop is present at the site and this was recognized as a cost-effective opportunity to complete a geological assessment of the bedrock. A geological mapping program was subsequently undertaken to assess bedrock outcrops for fracture density, fracture aperture, the orientation of primary fracture sets and lithologic contacts. The area was also inspected for larger scale structural features such as faults, deformation and erosional features that might influence contaminant migration. Fracture sets and lithologic contacts were mapped by outcrop location, and fractures with visible LNAPL were mapped separately from those without LNAPL. The geological data collected was used to construct stereographic projections of structural planes on a stereonet. Poles to structural planes were plotted and colour-coded by area and by presence/absence of LNAPL. The plots were then analyzed individually, and as a composite plot, to identify the dominant preferential pathways controlling LNAPL migration at the site. By superimposing these features on areas where LNAPL was observed, LNAPL delineation targets were effectively identified and the plume was subsequently delineated with confidence and remediated.