Tesis: "Community and school, Eritrea"

1

Sebhat, Kidanemariam Menghistu. "Parental involvement in the governance of secondary school in Eritrea: Current trends and future possibilities". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_8542_1177925448.

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This study was designed to investigate the current policies and practices of secondary school governance in Eritrea. There is a basic need to investigate the nature of parental involvement in school governance, particularly in relation to policies enshrined in the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) guidelines. The study examined the parents' commitment to execute their school governance role properly and to determine their capacity to fulfil their responsibilities with respect to the powers and functions vested in them. Education was merely the domain of the school and parents were discouraged from interfering in matters of school governance, therefore parental participation has been very limited. Thus, the focus of the study was to investigate the prevailing problems that curtail parental involvement and identify appropriate strategies for improving and strengthening school governance.

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2

Keflom, Tsegaye. "Eritrean primary school teachers' perceptions of the relationship between pre-service education and the demands of the workplace". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2049.

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Magister Educationis - MEd
This study investigates six Eritrean primary school teacher's perceptions of their pre-service education. Six primary school teachers from three different schools in two different regions of Eritrea were interviewed. The researcher investigated whether primary school teachers found the knowledge and/or skill acquired from their pre-service courses in the Asmara Teachers' Training Institute helpful to make and use effective lesson plans, prepare and use relevant teaching aids, assess their students' performance, prepare lesson content, manage the classroom effectively, and select and use relevant teaching methods.
South Africa

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3

Abdella, Ali Suleman. "Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97776.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
Contains one part in Tigrigna.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Against the background of education reforms, this study was conducted to determine what can be learnt from using lesson study as professional development strategy in Eritrea. The core problem discussed in the study is that the instigators of successive education reforms in Eritrea expected teachers to shift their teaching from more teacher focused to student-centred approaches with little or no support provided to them. This implies that teachers in Eritrean need effective and sustainable support systems that enable them to implement the reform initiatives. In this study, the researcher uses lesson study as a strategy that could provide teacher development experiences to teachers in Eritrea that are different from the traditional one-shot varieties such as workshops, short-term orientations and training of trainer programmes which are often normally provided by the official programmes. Lesson study is a well-established classroom-based activity in which teachers systematically examine their teaching by collaboratively planning, teaching, observing, revising and re-teaching lessons. Several successes with lesson study have been reported in research in Japan, where it has been used extensively, as well as elsewhere. However, no study on teacher professional development has been conducted using lesson study as a strategy within the Eritrean context. This study is an interpretive qualitative case study that explores the effects of lesson study on science teachers’ learning and classroom practice in selected middle schools of Eritrea. It involved twenty one participants – fifteen science teachers, three school directors and three pedagogic heads for a duration of one year. Data were generated through questionnaires, semi-structured focus group interviews, observations, documents for generating research lesson events, video-recordings and photographs. The findings show that participation in lesson study cycles that were extended over a period of time was effective in enhancing the learning of teachers and changing the way they teach science in their classrooms resulting in enhanced students confidence, participation and learning. Evidence reported in this study also indicates that lesson study made a contribution to minimising teacher isolation by bringing teachers together to collaborate and share professional ideas and experiences. Moreover, the findings show the existence of a direct relationship between teachers’ interest in teacher development initiatives and the interest that the school leadership shows in such initiatives and in the extent of support they provide to the participating teachers. Though participants reported receiving benefits from lesson study, they were constrained by a lack of time, curriculum overload, large class-size, teachers’ poor living conditions, lack of suitable space, shortage of resources, students’ poor English proficiency, newness of the process and students’ negligence. This study has also contributed to extending the body of knowledge on lesson study. Finally, it is hoped that the findings of this study may be used as a guiding framework for future teacher development initiatives in the education sector or other professional development programmes in Eritrea.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is teen die agtergrond van onderwyshervormings in Eritrea onderneem om te bepaal wat uit die gebruik van lesstudie as strategie vir die professionele ontwikkeling van Eritrese opvoeders geleer kon word. Die kernprobleem van die studie is dat die opeenvolgende onderwyshervormings in Eritrea vereis dat onderwysers hulle onderrigbenadering van opvoedergerigte na meer studentegerigte metodes verander, sonder dat hulle enige noemenswaardige ondersteuning ontvang. Dit impliseer dat daardie onderwysers ’n doeltreffende en volhoubare ondersteuningstelsel nodig het om die hervormingsinisiatiewe in werking te stel. Met die lesstudiestrategie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, is onderwysers in Eritrea blootgestel aan ander ontwikkelingservarings as die tradisionele eenmalige weergawes, wat gewoonlik in die vorm van werksessies, korttermynoriënterings en opleier-opleidingsprogramme plaasvind. Lesstudie is ’n gevestigde klaskamergebaseerde aktiwiteit waarin onderwysers hulle eie onderrig stelselmatig ondersoek deur lesse in samewerking met kollegas te beplan, aan te bied, waar te neem, te hersien en weer aan te bied. Verskeie suksesse met lesstudie is al aangemeld in navorsing in Japan, waar dit op groot skaal gebruik word, sowel as elders. Tog is geen studie oor die professionele ontwikkeling van onderwysers in Eritrese verband al met behulp van lesstudie as ’n strategie uitgevoer nie. Die metodologie vir die navorsing was ’n vertolkende kwalitatiewe gevallestudie wat ondersoek ingestel het na die uitwerking van lesstudie op wetenskaponderwysers se leer- en klaskamerpraktyk in uitgesoekte middelbare skole in Eritrea. Die 21 respondente – 15 wetenskaponderwysers, drie skooldirekteure en drie onderrighoofde – is vir ’n jaar by die studie betrek. Data is deur middel van vraelyste, semigestruktureerde fokusgroeponderhoude, waarnemings, dokumente vir die skep van navorsingslesgebeure, video-opnames en foto’s ingesamel. Die bevindinge toon dat deelname aan lesstudiesiklusse oor ’n langer tydperk onderwysers se leerpraktyk doeltreffend versterk en hulle wetenskaponderrig in die klas verander het. Dit het verhoogde vertroue, deelname en leer onder studente tot gevolg gehad. Bewyse wat in hierdie studie aangemeld is, toon ook dat lesstudie onderwyser-isolasie help beperk het deur onderwysers bymekaar te bring om saam te werk en professionele idees en ervarings uit te ruil. Daarbenewens dui die bevindinge op ’n regstreekse verband tussen onderwysers se belangstelling in inisiatiewe vir hulle eie ontwikkeling en die skoolleiers se klaarblyklike belangstelling in, en ondersteuning vir, onderwysers en hulle professionele ontwikkeling. Hoewel deelnemers by lesstudie baat gevind het, is hulle aan bande gelê deur tydsbeperkinge, ’n oorvol kurrikulum, groot klasse, swak lewensomstandighede, ’n tekort aan geskikte ruimte, te min hulpbronne, swak vaardigheid in Engels onder studente, die nuutheid van die proses en studente se agtelosigheid. Hierdie studie dra by tot die uitbreiding van die beskikbare kennis oor lesstudie. Die bevindinge sal hopelik as ’n raamwerk kan dien om toekomstige inisiatiewe vir opvoederontwikkeling in die onderwyssektor sowel as in ander programme vir professionele ontwikkeling in Eritrea te rig.

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4

Abdella, Ali Suleman. "An analysis of the Eritrean grade 9 biology textbook". University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6594.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
Teachers, during various seminars, workshops and departmental meetings, continuously complained about the inadequacy of the grade 9 biology textbook used in the Eritrean secondary schools. Among others, the teachers concerns has provided a necessary stimulus for embarking on this research which sought to determine the role, quality readability and relevance of the Eritrean grade 9 biology textbook, based on the teachers' and students' perceptions. Interviews, questionnaires, Cloze test and Word Difficulty Index were used to collect the data. The interview and questionnaires provided information on how the textbook was being used by both teachers and students. In addition they provided information about quality of the textbook and its relevance to the daily life experiences of the students. Moreover, Cloze test and Word Difficulty Index provided information on the readability of the textbook. The finding of this study reveals that both teachers and students use the textbook as the major source of information. Also, the factors that determine quality of the textbook were found to be poor except the physical features and organisation. With respect to relevance, very limited attempts were made to link biology to the daily life experiences of the students. The Cloze test and Word Difficulty Index show that the students clearly experience difficulty in understanding what they have read. In conclusion, this study makes some recommendation to writers on how to improve the quality of the textbook. The results obtained in this study are by no means exhaustive. Finally, areas warranting further investigation are suggested.

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5

Haile, Gebremedhin Solomon. "Assessing community participation for sustainable development : the Galanefhi water supply project". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49856.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the past, development projects were not successful, because development was guided by top-down strategy that excluded the main beneficiaries from the process of development. The creative initiative, local knowledge, and inputs of communities were not considered as a development resource. Hence, development programmes were not participatory, and could not solve social problems, rather they contributed to poverty and dependency. This condition gave rise to new thinking that unless communities participate in development efforts, no social transformation can be achieved. Moreover, the scarcity of resources in developing countries called for the mobilization of all stakeholders' resources in the cause of development action. As a result, community participation emerged as a new paradigm of development. Development has become a humanizing process; projects are people-driven; and communities are the subjects of development projects. Nevertheless, in order for community participation to meet the challenges of development, this has to be a multidimensional approach that integrates the building blocks of development. Against this background, in the context of water supply, the experience of developing countries indicates that the effectiveness of water supply projects is improved when communities participate in all phases of water supply projects. Moreover, community owned and managed water supply projects are better constructed, cost effective, and successful than government subsidized projects. Nevertheless, the role of government in enabling and supporting is essential. The study is an evaluation research, which aims to assess whether community participation is in place, and whether the delivery of water supply is enhanced as a result of community participation. The study area is in Galanefhi, a sub-region in Eritrea. At eleven villages in the sub-region, water supply projects that were constructed in the past twelve years are assessed to evaluate if community participation is in place and its effect on the water supply system. During the course of this study, interviews were conducted with 221 respondents of both sexes from the age of 28 years using open and closed-ended questionnaires. In addition, discussions were conducted with community representatives and government officials on issues of community participation and safe water delivery. Findings of the study indicate that the level of community participation differs within the villages and from one phase of the project to another. There is more community participation in implementation and less in planning. Decision-making is dominated by the water committees and local officials. The major missing ingredient is the level of capacity building. Communities' capacity to manage and operate the water supply system is limited. The institutional and administrative frameworks of the villages regarding water supply is weak. The regional and sub-region authorities' capacity that implements and oversees water supply projects is not strong. Communication between the grassroots and central authorities is not good. This is aggravated by natural conditions like climate and environment, and by the lack of skilled human resources, financial drawbacks, and lack of coordination. Nevertheless, overall assessment shows that water supply projects that enjoy more community participation are more successful and sustainable and more capable of meeting communities' expectations. Therefore, sustainable clean and adequate water delivery can be achieved through community participation in collaboration with all stakeholders. The recommendations which are provided give some insights on how to implement community participation as a strategy on the ground.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die verlede was ontwikkelingsprojekte dikwels onsuksesvolomdat ontwikkeling oorheers is deur die bo-na-onder ("top-down") strategie wat die hoof voordeeltrekkers uitgesluit het uit die proses van ontwikkeling. Die skeppende inisiatief, plaaslike kennis en die insette van die gemeenskappe is nie as 'n hulpbron beskou nie. Dus was die ontwikkelingsprogramme nie deelhebbend van aard nie en kon hulle nie sosiale probleme oplos nie. Dit het eerder bygedra tot armoede en afhanklikheid. Hierdie toestand het gelei tot 'n nuwe denkrigting, naamlik dat, tensy gemeenskappe deelneem aan ontwikkelingspogings, geen sosiale transformasie sal plaasvind nie. Weens die skaarsheid van hulpbronne in ontwikkelende lande is die mobilisasaie van al die deelhebbers se hulpbronne nodig vir ontwikkelingsaksie. Gevolglik het gemeenskapsdeelname te vore getree as die nuwe paradigma van ontwikkeling. Ontwikkeling is meer op die mens gerig; projekte word deur die mens gedryf; en gemeenskappe IS die onderwerp van die ontwikkelingsprojekte. Nietemin, as gemeenskapsdeelname die uitdagings van ontwikkeling te bowe wil kom, moet daar 'n multidimensionele benadering wees wat die boustene van ontwikkeling integreer. Teen hierdie agtergrond, en in die konteks van watervoorsiening, het die ondervindings in ontwikkelende lande aangedui dat die effektiwiteit van watervoorsieningsprojekte verbeter as die gemeenskap deelneem aan al die fases van die projek. Ook is watervoorsieningsprojekte wat deur die gemeenskap besit en bestuur word, beter gebou, meer koste-effektief, en meer suksesvol as projekte wat deur die regering subsideer is. Nietemin is die rol van die regering onontbeerlik waar dit die projekte moontlik maak en ondersteun. Hierdie studie is evaluasie-navorsing wat ten doel het om vas te stel tot watter mate gemeenskapdeelname bestaan en of die voorsiening van water verbeter het as gevolg van die deelname. Die studiegebied is in Galanefhi, 'n substeek van Eritrea. Daar is by elf dorpies in hierdie streek tydens die laaste twaalf jaar watervoorsieningspunte opgerig. Hierdie projekte is evalueer om vas te stel hoeveel gemeenskapdeelname daar was en die effek daarvan op die watervoorsiening. Tydens die studie is onderhoude gevoer met 221 respondente, mans en vrouens, bo 28. Daar is gebruik gemaak van vraelyste. Ook is daar besprekings gevoer met verteenwoordigers van gemeenskappe en regeringsamptenare oor kwessies soos gemeenskapsdeelname en die voorsiening van veilige drinkwater. Daar is gevind dat die vlak van deelname verskil van dorpie tot dorpie en van een fase van die projek tot die volgende. Daar is meer gemeenskapsdeelname in implementasie en minder in beplanning. Besluitneming word oorheers deur waterkomitees en plaaslike amptenare. Daar is me 'n hoë vlak van vermoë-bou me. Die vermoë van die gemeenskap om die watervoorsieningsisteem te bestuur is beperk en die administratiewe raamwerk van die dorpies betreffende watervoorsiening is swak. Die vermoë van die owerhede op streek- en substreekvlak, asook die kommunikasie tussen die sentrale owerhede en die gewone inwoners is nie na wense nie. Hierdie toestande word vererger deur die klimaat en die omgewingsfaktore, die gebrek aan geskoolde werkers, finansiële probleme en die gebrek aan koërdinasie, Nietemin is daar in die algemeen vasgestel dat die watervoorsieningsprojekte waar daar meer gemeenskapsdeelname was, meer suksesvol is, en beter aan die gemeenskap se verwagtinge voldoen. Die waterpunte word ook langer in 'n goeie werkende toestand gehou. Dus kan die voorsiening van genoeg skoon water bereik word deur die deelname van die gemeenskap en die samewerking van al diegene wat belang het by die projek. Aan die einde van die studie word daar aanbeveel hoe om gemeenskapsdeelname op grondvlak te implementeer.

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6

Silva, Luis Ernesto. "Community School". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33765.

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"School began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students. The students aspired that their sons also listen to such a man. Spaces were erected and the first school became. It can also be said that the existence-will of school was there even before the circumstances of the man under the tree" Louis Kahn
Master of Architecture

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7

張鼎國 y Ting-kwok Kenneth Cheung. "Community-School in Shamshuipo: transactionalrelationship between School & Community". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985683.

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8

Cheung, Ting-kwok Kenneth. "Community-School in Shamshuipo : transactional relationship between School & Community /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25953898.

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9

Habteab, Sibhatu Adam. "An institutional approach to appropriation and provision in the commons : a case study in the Highlands of Eritrea". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1206.

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10

Tesfamariam, Berhane Ghebreslasie. "Assessing the sustainability of Saving and Micro-Credit Programme (SMCP), Eritrea". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1963.

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11

Azeria, Ermias Tesfamichael. "Community dynamics of insular biotas in space and time : the Dahlak archipelago, Red Sea, Eritrea and East African coastal forests /". Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s311.pdf.

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12

Law, Kwai-sun Jeffrey y 羅貴申. "School community in new town housing estate : integrating the public school into the community". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209583.

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13

Law, Kwai-sun Jeffrey. "School community in new town housing estate : integrating the public school into the community /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948970.

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14

Holmes, Marilyn. "Community Engagement: Home School Partnership". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80198.

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Five year old children starting their formal education in primary schools bring with them a range of informal mathematical understandings. Transitioning from an early childhood setting to the reception class at school can have a profound impact on their developing mathematical concepts. Traditionally their first teachers (parents, caregivers and whanau) gradually remove the support and encouragement and some of the familiar surroundings of their early childhood centres are no longer there. As children from 5 – 13 years of age spend approximately 85% of their time out of school it is important that their first teachers are encouraged to continue that support. This paper outlines a New Zealand project ‘Home School Partnership: Numeracy’ that gives one approach to enhancing children’s mathematical learning through shared understandings between home and school.

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15

Rodríguez, Gina Elizabeth DeShera. "Community collaboration in school improvement /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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16

Carter, Katherine Mildred. "Community Organizing and School Transformation". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27013350.

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Across the country, community organizing has emerged as a strategy for engaging low-incoming communities and communities of color in school transformation. There is increasing recognition that this approach can be used to develop relationships, leadership, and political power to support systemic and long-lasting educational change. Oakland has a rich history of community-driven school reform. In the early 2000s, the mobilization of thousands of families across the city led to the passage of a new small autonomous school policy and the creation of over 30 new district schools through community-based design teams. However, since 2007, no new district schools have been authorized. Like many other urban districts, the charter sector has expanded, enrollment has declined, and the school district has turned to closing and consolidating schools, rather than opening new ones. This strategic leadership project sought to combine community organizing and design thinking frameworks to develop institutional and community support for a new dual language middle school as part of a PK-12 multilingual pathway of schools in the Oakland Unified School District. Throughout the capstone, I use Mark Moore’s strategic triangle framework (public value, operational capacity, and institutional support) to organize my research and analysis of this strategic project. I describe my leadership of the design team and some of the complexities that arose in our authorizing environment when we attempted to develop the new school through an existing district transformation process. The analysis includes implications for both new school design and school transformation work, and includes recommendations for how Oakland and other districts can more effectively facilitate communities to take leadership in school transformation.

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17

O'Sullivan, Casey. "Character education and school leadership: building a school community". Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27734.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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18

Thabe, Maesala. "The development of supportive school community plans by community volunteers". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52973.

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The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how community volunteers, in collaboration with teachers and the community, developed and implemented supportive school-community plans. The study forms part of the broader SHEBA (Supporting Home Environments in Beating Adversity) project (Ferreira & Ebersöhn, 2011-2013), which investigated the way in which community volunteers applied the asset-based approach in supporting vulnerable communities, by utilising school-based partnerships. I followed a Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) methodological approach, relied on interpretivism as meta-theory and implemented a case study research design, as this allowed me to focus on a selected issue of a broader phenomenon. In selecting the case and participants I combined convenience and purposive sampling. Thirty eight community volunteers participated, who have been involved in the broader SHEBA project and have been supporting schools in high-risk communities in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. For data generation and documentation I relied on PRA-based workshops, observation, field notes, and visual and audio-visual techniques. I analysed and interpreted the data by means of inductive thematic analysis. Four themes (with relevant sub-themes) emerged. The first theme relates to the roles of volunteers in school-community partnerships, indicating that community volunteers fulfilled four roles in the school-community. The second theme represents relevant partners in the school-community partnerships that were established. The third theme concerns the implementation phases of supportive school-community plans. The last theme relates to the challenges experienced by participants in school-community partnerships. Based on the findings of this study, I posit that community volunteers possess the necessary skills to formulate and develop supportive school-community plans that can address the needs of schools, families and the community at large. Volunteers are able to identify, mobilise and manage existing assets and can become resources to the school-communities they serve. This study therefore indicates the ability of volunteers to collaboratively construct knowledge, and provide direction to supportive school-community projects they initiate in collaboration with other stakeholders, in order to support those in need of help. In this way, community volunteers can support teachers, learners and the community in addressing challenges and pursuing positive change.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Educational Psychology
MEd

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19

Tecle, Hagos Ghebremicael. "The psychometric properties of the Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 for Tigrigna-speaking children in Eritrea". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53666.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a screening test of cognitive ability, the Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 (PPG Level 2), for Tigrignaspeaking schoolchildren in Eritrea. This study represents one of the first attempts to measure cognitive ability in Eritrea. The PPG was developed in South Africa (Claassen, 1996) as a group test of general cognitive ability for children in Grade 2 and 3 (PPG Level 2), and Grade 4 and 5 (PPG Level 3). The PPG provides Total, Verbal and Nonverbal ability scores. The Verbal Scale consists of two subtests, namely (a) Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning and (b) Comprehension. The Non-verbal Scale consists of three subtests, namely (a) Figure Classification, (b) Figure Series, and (c) Pattern Completion. Although the PPG has the appearance of a standardized intelligence test, Claassen emphasized that it is best used as a screen for academic difficulties or failures. Participants were 577 Tigrigria-speaking Grade 3 children. The children were selected from schools in the capital, Asmara, from small towns, and villages. Eleven schools participated. The participants can be considered representative of the Grade 3 Tigrignaspeaking population in Eritrea. The PPG Level 2 was completed under supervision of the researcher. Classical and Rasch item analyses were conducted on the Verbal and Non-verbal Scales, respectively. The internal consistency of the Non-verbal scale can be considered satisfactory for a screening instrument (Cronbach's a = .85). Furthermore, the non-verbal items showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model (INFIT values and OUTFIT values < 1.3 for all items), suggesting that they measure a unidimensional construct. In addition, the item difficulty estimates corresponded well with the serial order of the items, with easy items being presented earlier than more difficult items. The internal consistency of the Verbal scale was lower (Cronbach's a = .72), which can probably be attributed to the relative easiness of the items for the particular group of participants. The verbal items also showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model. The Rasch analysis, which expresses person ability and item difficulty on the same scale, clearly showed that the Verbal items were too easy for the majority of the children. However, it should be kept in mind that the PPG is intended to discriminate among children with low ability. Hence, the observed mismatch between the abilities and item difficulties was not unexpected. It should also be noted that the serial order of the items did not correspond well with item difficulty, with some difficult items being presented early and some easy items presented late in the scale. The five subtests of the PPG were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. Two models were specified and compared. Model 1 specified a single general factor; this provided a more parsimonious description of the data and showed a satisfactory fit with the data, though a bit weaker than that of Model 2. Model 2 specified two correlated factors, namely a Verbal and a Non-verbal factor. Model 2 also fitted the data well, but a high correlation between the factors was observed (r = .77; r2 = .59), suggesting the presence of a general factor. The results provide support for two levels of interpretation, namely on the Total score level and the Verbal and Non-verbal level. The validity of the PPG Level 2 was further investigated by examining the correlations between the PPG scores and teacher ratings of academic achievement. Because different schools had different raters, the correlations within each of the schools were pooled to obtain an estimate of the correlations between the PPG scales and academic achievement for the total group. The pooled correlation for the PPG Total score with academic achievement was .56, for the Non-Verbal score .53, and for the Verbal score .41. The correlations for the Total and Non-verbal scores are similar to those typically reported in the educational psychology literature and provide support for the validity of these scales as a screen for academic difficulties. The results show that the PPG, which was developed in South Africa, may be fruitfully exported to Eritrea. It is recommended, however, that before the PPG Level 2 is routinely used for screening purposes with Tigrigna-speaking children, the functioning of the Verbal Scale should be re-examined and possibly some of the Verbal items should be rewritten.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die onderhawige studie was om die psigometriese eienskappe van 'n siftingstoets van kognitiewe vermoë, naamlik die Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 (PPG Level 2), vir Tigrigna-sprekende kinders in Ertirea te bestudeer. Hierdie studie verteenwoordig een van die eerste pogings om kognitiewe vermoë in Eritrea te meet. Die PPG is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel (Claassen, 1996) as 'n groeptoets van kognitiewe vermoë vir kinders in Grade 2 en 3 (PPG Level 2), en Grade 4 en 5 (PPG Level 3). Die PPG lewer tellings van kognitiewe vermoë op drie vlakke, naamlik Totaal, Verbaal en Nie-Verbaal. Die Verbale skaal bestaan uit twee subskale: (a) Verbale en Kwantitatiewe redenering en (b) Begrip. Die Nie-Verbale skaal bestaan uit drie subskale, naamlik (a) Figuur Klassifisering, (b) Figuurreekse en (c) Patroonvoltooiing. Alhoewel die PPG op die oog af soos 'n konvensionele intelligensietoets lyk, beklemtoon Claassen dat dit te beste geskik is as 'n siftingsinstrument vir akademiese probleme of mislukkings. Die deelnemers was 577 Tigrigna-sprekende kinders in Graad 3. Die kinders is uit skole van die hoofstad, Asmara, klein dorpe en geselekteer. Elf skole het aan die studie deelgeneem. Daar kan aanvaar word dat die deelnemers verteenwoordigend is van die Graad 3 Tigrigna-sprekende populasie in Eritrea. Die PPG Level 2 is onder supervisie van die navorser voltooi. Klassieke en Rasch item-ontledings is op die Verbale en Nie- Verbale skale, onderskeidelik, uitgevoer. Die interne konsekwentheid van die Nie- Verbale skaal kan as bevredigend vir 'n siftingsinstrument beskou word (Cronbach se a = .85). Hierbenewens het die Nie-Verbale items 'n bevredigende passing met die Rasch model getoon (INFIT gemiddelde kwadrate en OUTFIT gemiddelde kwadrate < 1.3 vir alle items), wat daarop dui dat die items 'n essensiëel eendimensionele konstruk meet. Die moeilikheidswaardes van die Nie- Verbale items het ook sterk ooreengestem met die volgorde waarin die items in die skaal aangebied word - die maklike items is eerste aangebied en daarna die moeilike items. Die interne konsekwentheid van die Verbale skaal was laer (Cronbach se a = .72). Die laer koëffisiënt kan waarskynlik aan die relatiewe lae moeilikheidsgraad van die Verbale items toegeskryf word. Die Verbale items het egter ook 'n bevredigende passing met die Rasch model getoon. Die Rasch ontleding, wat vermoë en item moeilikheid op dieselfde skaal uitdruk, het duidelik getoon dat die Verbale items te maklik vir die meeste kinders was. Daar dien egter op gelet te word dat die PPG ontwerp is om te diskrimineer tussen kinders met relatiewe lae vermoëns. In hierdie lig gesien is die swak passing tussen vermoë en item moeilikhede nie te onverwags nie. Die volgorde waarin die items in die skaal aangebied word het ook nie goed ooreengestem met die item moeilikheidswaardes nie - sommige moeilike items is vroeg in die skaal aangebied en sommige maklike items laat in die skaal. Die vyf subtoetse van die PPG is aan 'n bevestigende faktorontleding onderwerp. Twee modelle is gespesifiseer en vergelyk. Model 1 het 'n enkele algemene faktor gespesifisieer.

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20

Darke, Stella Felicity. "School and community : a communitarian perspective". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393319.

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Sugati, Alsaleh. "Finding Intersection Between School and Community". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86828.

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This thesis seeks to create an architectural response for learning spaces that gathers community. A school and community center are explored through the interaction at public and private zones, and day and night operation. The thesis develops a propositional response to the dualities through material, light, and scale. A particular focus within the study of light is the effort to minimize solar gains while improving daylight and view to the outside that is challenging in hot climates, such as in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Master of Architecture
This thesis seeks to create an architectural response for learning spaces that gathers community. A school and community center are explored through the interaction at public and private zones, and day and night operation. The thesis develops a propositional response to the dualities through material, light, and scale. A particular focus within the study of light is the effort to minimize solar gains while improving daylight and view to the outside that is challenging in hot climates, such as in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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22

Shauri, Janet Wangeci. "School-community relations : a case study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11032.

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Bibliography: leaves 76-79.
Insecurity in South African schools has reached great levels. To curb this problem, the National Director of Education through a new policy statement appealed for community participation in schools. This case study investigates the feasibility of this call by examining the features of school-community relations in a case study of a school.

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23

Park, Jong Pil. "Creating an autonomous school community : school-based management in Korea /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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24

Weldemichael, Tedros Hagos. "The attitudes of Tigre-speaking students in Eritrea towards studying Arabic and Tigrinya as second languages at school : a case study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3600.

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25

Edwards, David Michael. "Congregating public facility investment of sustainable community: the school-centered community approach". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37290.

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Land development patterns have long been a reflection of not only consumer preferences but of public policy. To the extent that such policy has supported scattered, low-density and automobile-dependent development patterns, it has been found to be deficient. It is not only the private land developers who have created sprawl. Government agencies at all levels have also contributed to the problem in the ways they invest in public infrastructure devoid of a coordinated strategy. Schools, public recreational facilities, and branch libraries often are isolated from one another. Two case studies were used to demonstrate the manner in which planned, congregated public facilities came first and succeeded in providing the impetus to sustainable private sector response loosely following a master plan. The first case study examines the urban neighborhood of City Heights in San Diego, California, where a blighted, crime-ridden neighborhood was redeveloped with the construction of several public assets, all within a small, nine-block area. The result was the participation of the private sector in this neighborhood where ten years prior, there was private sector abandonment. The second case study examines the Town Center project located in Suwanee, Georgia. In this example, a city municipality took the helm as master developer, initiated 'place' in the form of an urban-style park, and thereby created the impetus for the subsequent investment by the private sector.

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26

Stone, Kathleen. "Exploring Online Community College Course Completion and a Sense of School Community". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1288.

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Researchers have found low online course completion rates to be a complex problem in higher education. Meanwhile, theory on adult learners' online persistence highlights the importance of a sense of school community. At the small, rural focus community college (FCC) for this study, general education online course completion rates are lower than the national average. FCC has not addressed the low online course completion rates. Using Rovais' composite persistence model as the conceptual framework, this instrumental case study examined how students' experiences and perceptions of a sense of school community contribute to their ability to complete online general education courses. Semistructured interview data were gathered with a purposeful, criterion-based, sample of 9 adult online students taking online general education courses. The inductive data analysis utilized case and cross-case analysis, marking, cutting, and sorting of text until 4 themes emerged: interaction, sense of belonging, support, and educational values. The results led to a white paper recommending an orientation and community space, asynchronous video technology, and an online curriculum instructional designer. This study contributes to positive social change by providing FCC with program and policy change recommendations that support the colleges' goals of increasing access and success. Increased educational access and success for the local adult population creates informed citizens, contributes to economic growth, and provides a higher quality of life for the community.

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27

Aman, Aixle D. "Transformative Community School Practices and Impacts| A Tale of Two Community Schools". Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10606848.

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Students are coming to school with myriad issues that teachers and schools cannot address alone. ecological systems theory posits that the environments with which a child comes into contact, either directly or indirectly, can impact her or his development (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). With the support of community partner organizations in the local community, community schools can effectively respond to students’ needs and help them navigate the interconnected web of environments. Through interviews, focus groups, and a document review, this cross-site case study explored the practices that are employed by community school leaders (school staff and employees of community partner organizations) at two pilot high schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), to implement six guiding principles of community schools.

The study also captured impacts of these practices through participants’ perceptions, documents, and the application of transformative leadership theory. The findings revealed that the pilot school model is a natural avenue for the community schools strategy, and that intentional practices and a shared vision by all stakeholders can result in transformative impacts on students and the school as a whole. District and school leaders could consider developing processes and systems for implementing a community schools strategy district-wide by providing funding for community school coordinators for school sites, working with school leaders to develop their shared decision-making skills, and leveraging the assets and resources of community partners.

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28

Foster, Joseph B. "School consolidation and community cohesion in one rural Kansas community: Mount Hope". Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19152.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
Rural communities continue to consolidate and close schools across the country at an alarming rate. Debates surrounding school district consolidation have been known to cause deep tension throughout many communities. It is widely held that, schools in rural areas not only provide education, but create jobs, provide entertainment, and bolster social relationships within a region. Social relationships are necessary for the health and cohesiveness of any community. This in-depth case study of the rural community of Mount Hope identifies the change in cohesion over time. This research shows that there is a relationship between the closing and opening of the school and levels of community cohesion amongst some, but not all, of the groups. The key findings are that a range of social activities not directly related to the school have been affected by the closure. Personal interviews were conducted with local officials, school employees, group leaders, parents, and community members of Mount Hope. This study is relevant to planners, school administrators, and educators alike, as local communities across the state debate the value of district consolidation. The findings are beneficial to communities and school districts to help determine what is best for a community when considering school consolidation or closure.

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29

Ramey, Rachel A. "Designing School Community: Changing Inner-City Middle School Culture Through Interiors". VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5474.

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While the knowledge of disrepair in inner-city schools is fairly common, the impact that school facilities are having on students and faculty is not as widely known. More recently, the closing of inner city schools has greatly increased across the United States; Reduction in public school enrollment from 2006-2013: Detroit -63%, Cleveland -32%, Indianapolis -27%, D.C. -23%, L.A. -23%,etc. (Journey For Justice Alliance,2014). Due to budget cuts, threat of school closings from poor facility conditions, large class size, and pressure to raise test scores, inner city schools struggle to keep teachers (Journey For Justice Alliance,2014). Poor teacher retention along with a lack in care for educational facilities has created a toxic environment for inner-city students. Although there are many reasons that inner-city schools suffer, negativity within school culture seems to be a common denominator within many of these problems. With larger population percentages of minority, economically disadvantaged and disabled students, difficulties arise in communicating student-to-student and teacher-to-student (Bellwether Education Partner, 2016). The question becomes, how does one design a space to provide comfort, safety and communication in order to foster healthy relationships? This research will inform the design of a middle school that focuses on community and communication. The goal will be to design a school where flexibility and team work is made easier through furniture and layout solutions in order to foster growth and respect for students and teachers.

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30

Suzzan, Sheri Lustig. "School Leaders' Use of Twitter to to Engage the School Community". Thesis, Hofstra University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600307.

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Social media and the ways in which educational leaders choose to utilize it their schools is at the forefront of professional development throughout numerous districts across Long Island and nationwide. While many districts have incorporated various models of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram into their standard communication practice, many more are hesitant to venture into this type of contact with the school community for a variety of reasons. Historically, school leaders relied on letters to parents sent home either by US mail or in their child’s backpacks to convey times and locations of meetings and to send important messages (including, but not limited to school practice and policies and dates for upcoming events). In the past ten years, school leaders have begun using websites and email to send important messages out to the school community. This study involved an in-depth examination of the literature surrounding the importance of the home-school connection and how school leaders are using the social media platform of Twitter in an effort to strengthen this relationship. Further discussion included how the ideals of branding a business are beginning to emerge in the school setting in order for the leader to have the ability to tell their own school’s story rather then having others tell it for them. Three school leaders currently engaged in the daily use of Twitter were interviewed, as well parents and teachers in the school community. Pertinent documents were reviewed, including school district policy on the use of social media and an analysis of the “tweets” sent out by the school leader. The findings of this study revealed how school leaders use Twitter to engage the school community and “brand” their school by having the ability to control the information that is shared with the public

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31

Englot, Stusick Erib B. y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "The evaluation of school-based community conferences". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/554.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based Community Conferencing program utilized in response to student acts of misconduct or violence. The satisfaction levels of the various participants involved, the effects on suspension and expulsion rates, the rates of recidivism, the types and follow through of restoration agreements made, and the offences that respond best to Community Conferences were examined. Role-specific surveys were administered to the various participants in 12 Community Conferences with 105 surveys completed immediately following the Conference and 70 surveys completed via telephone four weeks after the completion of the Conference. Data were analyzed using descriptive, qualitative, and chi-square methods of analyses. This study provides evidence for the success and satisfaction of incorporating this type of restorative programming into current philosophies and policies within school divisions as an alternative to zero tolerance policies. Participants in various roles reported satisfaction with several aspects of the Conference and its outcome, positive personal changes resulting from the Conference, and positive experiences overall regarding participation. Additionally, a potential decrease in the use of suspension and expulsion, provides further support for its use. The findings of this study provide a baseline for satisfaction levels, types of restoration agreements made, and rates of recidivism regarding school-based Community Conferences. Results can aid in the process of decision-making for those considering the use of restorative programming in schools. Due to the high rates of overall satisfaction, the model used in this research by the Edmonton Public School Division, along with the suggestions made by the researcher, can provide a representation upon which others can base implementation of a similar program.
xv, 306 leaves ; 29 cm. --

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32

Harris, Alison Marie. "School-community relationships, a Namibian case study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29007.pdf.

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33

Gritt, Sam. "The New York School as poetic community". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285102.

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34

Leach, Nicole. "School Community, Peer Bonds, and Perceived Competence". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404383377.

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35

Gardner, James A. Gardner. "Predictors of School Connectedness in Community Colleges". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1471524900.

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36

Forrer, Dustin R. "School ground naturalization : augmenting the school, community, and environmental connection : community-responsive design principles for master planning and site design of contemporary school grounds". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1259753.

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The deficiency of environmental understanding in conjunction with community and educational connections, isolates a problem. Few connections exist between the school, community, and the environment. Because of this, existing connections need to be enhanced and other connections need to be created. These linkages are essential to instilling ownership and stewardship of the land for the entire community. In addition, these linkages also provide vast opportunities for learning, observing, participating, and enjoying the environment.This creative project identifies and discusses the various issues that relate to the lack of connections between the school, the community, and the environment. From this analysis, three research questions evolved. To answer these questions, four case studies were reviewed and analyzed. The summary of these findings included the best features from each case study. These findings led to the formation of a model of design characteristics. The model was then applied to a site in central Indiana and led to the establishment of several design guidelines.These community-responsive guidelines are applicable to any site where connections between the school, community, and the environment are desired.
Department of Landscape Architecture

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37

Donato, Eric G. (Eric Gonzalez). "The role of community schools in community empowerment : a historical case study of the Quincy Community School". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65667.

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38

Jamieson, Martin. "Creating space to understand school-based community development within a rural Malawian community". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17471/.

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The setting for this research is a rural community in the central region of Malawi. As a qualitative case-study it explores attitudes towards development as well as the processes school-based community development might go through to achieve a permanent increase in adaptability (Taylor, 2005). This adaptability is the ability of local communities to finance and maintain interventions and then adapt to changes in the social and economic environment. This thesis explores opportunities the community may develop to avoid dependence on outside control as they become increasingly self-sustaining. The research questions explore these processes and unpack shifts in community power relations while exploring the impact that faith-based organisations bring to the development process. The research positions the researcher within the lived experience of those researched and uses research instruments developed from qualitative research typologies consistent with Berkowitz, and Srivastava & Hopwood underpinned with a philosophical framework drawn from the ideas of Freire, Chambers and Wells. This research considers seven non-governmental organisations (NGOs), six schools and various authority structures within the research locality to explore their roles and the tensions each brings to the other. Drawing on a constructivist epistemology it explores current thinking and practice regarding school-based community development. Additionally, the thesis looks at teacher professionalism and identity, arguing that for teachers to develop a professional identity a degree of autonomy is needed where self-regulation and opportunity to contribute to training is necessary. This exploration is achieved by gathering data using research instruments that include semi-structured interviews, focus groups discussions and reflexive consideration from journaling and regular reviews with assistant researchers. Reflecting on the empirical data gathered to allow theory to emerge it triangulates research methods to increase reliability. I explore the processes, obstacles and hindrances to establish how self-reliance within school-based community development is approached by NGOs, and use the data to support the argument that NGO activity may be contributing to the erosion of traditional authority structures such as the community chief. It is suggested that the creation of space in which to explore common ground between developmental actors is a first step towards the creation of an empowered community whose ownership of the processes is central to a permanently adaptive development.

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39

Long, Vida. "School, family, community partnerships creating real world context for learning in school /". Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2010. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Long_VMIT2010.pdf.

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40

Steyn, J. y MK Naicker. "Learner, educator and community views on school safety at Strelitzia Secondary School". Acta Criminologica, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001424.

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Abstract The study explores the perceptions of learners and educators at the Strelitzia Secondary School in Isipingo, Durban, regarding safety at the school. Members of the Isipingo Community Policing Forum, as well as South African Police Service were involved in the study as external participants. Through known types of research approaches (quantitative and qualitative), more than 400 questionnaires were completed by Strelitzia Secondary School learners while 20 interview schedules were conducted with Strelitzia Secondary School educators, as well as members of the Isipingo Community PolicingForum and the South African Police Service (Durban South Area). The questionnaires were analysed through nonparametric statistical tests such as Chi-square, while the interview schedules made use of content analyses and theme identification. The study revealed that most Strelitzia Secondary School learners and educators as well as Isipingo CPF members and SAPS members who participated in the study, were of the opinion that Strelitzia Secondary School is a safe environment even though a culture of violence exists in which learners bring drugs, alcohol and firearms to school, and corporal punishment is still practised.

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41

Nicely, Tanna H. "An Examination of the Community School Model in an Urban School Setting". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3066.

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The topic of educating today’s youth has become an increasing multi-faceted task with rigorous accountability metrics handed down from all of the different branches of government. Schools are faced with providing more than just instructing the three R’s; they are taxed with educating the whole child. This qualitative study explored the community schools model in an urban elementary school. Specifically, the study attempted to understand the perceived impact this model has on community members, parents, and administrators at one particular elementary school. Data were collected through a series of open-ended interviews and coded for inductive analysis. There were four emerging themes: impact of leader, hub of the community, safe environment, and education of the whole child, which surfaced from the data analysis of the open-ended interviews. A document review also provided additional information that was included in the findings. The need for additional quantitative and qualitative research was also suggested.

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42

Nyesoah, Jean-Anna N. "Building community in the classroom". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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43

Leung, Yiu-kuen Derek. "School, community improvement programme in Sai Ying Pun". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25953497.

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44

au, S. Wooltorton@ecu edu y Sandra Joyce Wooltorton. "School-As-Community: Bridging the Gap to Sustainability". Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040803.113536.

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In this research I explore ways in which teachers and parents can enhance the sustainability agenda to bridge the gap towards sustainability through the creation of caring, democratic, just, ecologically regenerative schools-as-communities. I learned that we can only transform ourselves and not others, therefore to transform the model of experience of schooling and society, we need to transform ourselves, the whole community of the school, towards sustainability. This follows the work of Sterling (2001, 2002a and 2002b) which illustrates that education and society will need to change together in a mutually affirming way, since there is no linear cause-effect relationship. This dissertation focuses on one aspect of the developing field of education for sustainability (EfS). I use radical ecology as the philosophy which supports the vision of community transformation towards sustainability (Orr 2002; Fien 2001; and Sterling 2001). I use the emancipatory research paradigm and detail a participatory epistemology fused with a holistic, constructivist notion of reality, to situate a participative approach which enables important interdisciplinary connections to be made. The research comprises ethnographic research and cooperative inquiry projects that were implemented at two small community schools, as well as reflective practice to develop personal and professional practices of sustainability. Contemporary work in the field of EfS has a cultural understanding of sustainability, which uses four pillars: the biophysical, the social-cultural, the economic and the political. The political pillar is the key organising principle for this research. The research is significant because I develop and build upon Sterlings (2001) notion of transformative learning for sustainability. I show that participatory structures, procedures and processes are necessary, but not sufficient for a socially transformative school-as-community culture and that socio-ecologically contextualised knowing is transformative knowledge about community sustainability. For people to behave in cooperative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of cooperation. Likewise, for people to behave in ecologically regenerative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of ecological reconnection. The research methods of reflective practice and cooperative inquiry are discussed and evaluated as vehicles for transformation towards sustainability. The dissertation thereby assesses their effectiveness in enabling the development of practical knowledge about sustainability. In Australia, over the last decade our federal government has shown little interest in fulfilling its own narrowly defined ecological sustainability policy commitments. In Western Australia, our government has recently launched a comprehensive State Sustainability Strategy however its major weakness is that it has afforded very low significance to education at a time when major international organisations such as UNESCO (2002b) see education as an integral part of sustainability and learning as a key to a sustainable future. Sadly, the State Sustainability Strategy does not recommend a reorientation of the education system towards sustainability, does not incorporate a socially critical view of education, and almost completely overlooks the role of learning in the social task of change towards sustainability. In Western Australia, we urgently need policies and political action for commitment through structural reorientation towards EfS. Even in the face of this, a multi-perspectival, inclusive approach to the development of civil society through devolved, locally-based decision making and action within a school community can facilitate the emergence of learning for sustainability in that community. Even within a context of contradiction, tension and paradox, it is possible for school communities to contribute to sustainability through reconnective transformative learning.

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45

Wooltorton, Sandra Joyce. "School-as-community: bridging the gap to sustainability". Wooltorton, Sandra Joyce (2003) School-as-community: bridging the gap to sustainability. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/414/.

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In this research I explore ways in which teachers and parents can enhance the sustainability agenda to bridge the gap towards sustainability through the creation of caring, democratic, just, ecologically regenerative schools-as-communities. I learned that we can only transform ourselves and not others, therefore to transform the model of experience of schooling and society, we need to transform ourselves, the whole community of the school, towards sustainability. This follows the work of Sterling (2001, 2002a and 2002b) which illustrates that education and society will need to change together in a mutually affirming way, since there is no linear cause-effect relationship. This dissertation focuses on one aspect of the developing field of education for sustainability (EfS). I use radical ecology as the philosophy which supports the vision of community transformation towards sustainability (Orr 2002; Fien 2001; and Sterling 2001). I use the emancipatory research paradigm and detail a participatory epistemology fused with a holistic, constructivist notion of reality, to situate a participative approach which enables important interdisciplinary connections to be made. The research comprises ethnographic research and cooperative inquiry projects that were implemented at two small community schools, as well as reflective practice to develop personal and professional practices of sustainability. Contemporary work in the field of EfS has a cultural understanding of sustainability, which uses four pillars: the biophysical, the social-cultural, the economic and the political. The political pillar is the key organising principle for this research. The research is significant because I develop and build upon Sterling's (2001) notion of transformative learning for sustainability. I show that participatory structures, procedures and processes are necessary, but not sufficient for a socially transformative school-as-community culture and that socio-ecologically contextualised knowing is transformative knowledge about community sustainability. For people to behave in cooperative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of cooperation. Likewise, for people to behave in ecologically regenerative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of ecological reconnection. The research methods of reflective practice and cooperative inquiry are discussed and evaluated as vehicles for transformation towards sustainability. The dissertation thereby assesses their effectiveness in enabling the development of practical knowledge about sustainability. In Australia, over the last decade our federal government has shown little interest in fulfilling its own narrowly defined ecological sustainability policy commitments. In Western Australia, our government has recently launched a comprehensive State Sustainability Strategy however its major weakness is that it has afforded very low significance to education at a time when major international organisations such as UNESCO (2002b) see education as an integral part of sustainability and learning as a key to a sustainable future. Sadly, the State Sustainability Strategy does not recommend a reorientation of the education system towards sustainability, does not incorporate a socially critical view of education, and almost completely overlooks the role of learning in the social task of change towards sustainability. In Western Australia, we urgently need policies and political action for commitment through structural reorientation towards EfS. Even in the face of this, a multi-perspectival, inclusive approach to the development of civil society through devolved, locally-based decision making and action within a school community can facilitate the emergence of learning for sustainability in that community. Even within a context of contradiction, tension and paradox, it is possible for school communities to contribute to sustainability through reconnective transformative learning.

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46

Wiens, Jason. "The Kootenay School of Writing, history, community, poetics". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq64891.pdf.

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Wooltorton, Sandra. "School-as-community : bridging the gap to sustainability /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040803.113536.

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Leung, Yiu-kuen Derek y 梁耀權. "School, community improvement programme in Sai Ying Pun". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986626.

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Erbes, Kristen M. "School/community-based management discursive politics in practice /". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765033351&SrchMode=2&sid=11&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233180076&clientId=23440.

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Chambers, Cynthia R. "Community and School-Based Inclusive Book Club Programming". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3865.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Community and school, Eritrea"

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