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1
De Zordo, Ornella y Fiorenzo Fantaccini, eds. altri canoni / canoni altri. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-012-3.
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The concept of the literary canon is one of the most debated and controversial in the western intellectual tradition. This book offers ten contributions by Italian scholars of Anglo-American culture addressing the way in which the concept of the literary canon holds out against areas traditionally considered as external or extraneous to it. The essays range over different topics: the etymological analysis of the term "canon"; the relations between canon and performativity; paraliterature – a universe populated by non-hierarchic genres; the relations between post-colonial literature and the canon; postmodern biofiction; studies on translation and finally gay and lesbian literature. The book ends with a meditation on the innovations wrought on the Anglo-American canon by the virtual world of Internet and with a reading proposal originating from a different area of literary studies. Taken as a whole, the intention of the book is to pave the way to democratisation and pluralism in literary studies, going beyond the limitations set by the traditional scale of values of the "western canon". It proposes a frequentation of the geographical and cultural borderlines and hence of the areas of resistance that such borderlines pose to the dominant conceptual hierarchies within and around us, enabling us to glimpse an original future for literature and for western culture in a broader sense.
2
Hierarchic electrodynamics and free electron lasers: Concepts, calculations, and practical applications. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2011.
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3
Christopher, Kennard, Swash Michael, Association of British Neurologists y American Neurological Association, eds. Hierarchies in neurology: A reappraisal of a Jacksonian concept. London: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
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Kennard, Christopher. Hierarchies in Neurology: A Reappraisal Of A Jacksonian Concept. Springer, 2011.
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Kennard, Christopher. Hierarchies in Neurology: A Reappraisal of a Jacksonian Concept (Clinical Medicine and the Nervous System). Springer-Verlag, 1989.
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6
Shepherd, Laura J. The Concept and Practice of Peacebuilding at the UN and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.003.0002.
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This chapter outlines what the author thinks the United Nations thinks it thinks about peacebuilding, investigating the different ways in which peacebuilding is represented as both concept and practice in the corpus of data. The author argues that UN peacebuilding discourse functions to (re)produce a narrow construction of peacebuilding as statebuilding, which is bound by constrictive logics of both gender and space that ascribe to the (notionally sovereign) state a degree of power, authority, and legitimacy, but ultimately leave undisturbed the hierarchies operative in the international system that afford legitimacy to the “international,” as a spatial and conceptual domain.
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Bell, Daniel y Wang Pei. Just Hierarchy. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691200897.001.0001.
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All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. This book contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as the book shows, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. The book ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. It looks at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? The book argues that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. The book examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
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Perry, Imani. The Flowers Are Vexed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0015.
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This work, at the intersection of feminist jurisprudence, critical race theory, and African American literary studies, challenges the concept of the reasonable man which informs Anglo-American jurisprudence. The argument revolves around a politics of relation that challenges the hierarchies of membership that are an integral part to the development of the American legal order. The chapter draws on Hortense Spillers’s germinal concept of vestibularity (standing at the threshold) as well as Stanley Cavell’s concept of the “passionate utterance” to furnish alternatives to the reasonable man. It concludes with readings of Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon and Ayana Mathis’s The Twelve Tribes of Hattie.
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Alkemeyer, Thomas, Kristina Brümmer y Thomas Pille. Intercorporeality at the Motor Block. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0008.
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Central to this paper is the analysis of a video sequence in which car mechanics try to solve a technical problem. The sequence is analyzed by means of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and practical sense understood as a sociological reformulation of the phenomenological concept of intercorporeality. It is demonstrated that this sense implies two interrelated dimensions: It functions both as an embodied background foundation for functional problem-solving as well as a sense for social hierarchies. The cooperative solution of a technical problem opens up the stage for power games. In conclusion, the different ways are discussed in which the “twofold” interpretation of the video sequence allows for a specification of “intercorporeality”.
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Bateman, Benjamin. Forster’s Queer Invitation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676537.003.0004.
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This chapter probes E. M. Forster’s novel Howards End and its suggestion of a “queer invitation” through which queerness circulates, finds a future, and becomes a name for hospitality waged in the name of survival. In contrast to Louis Althusser’s concept of interpellation, which explains how ideologies produce docile subjects, queer invitations disrupt subjects, interrupt routines, and offer opportunities for alternative identifications and intimacies. When Margaret Schlegel agrees to accompany Ruth Wilcox on an unplanned trip to Howards End, and when Ruth in turn bequeaths her house to Margaret, the two depart from heteronormative convention and create temporalities for the erosion of gender and economic hierarchies.
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1952-, Wilson Arnold y Gedo John E, eds. Hierarchical concepts in psychoanalysis: Theory, research, and clinical practice. New York: Guilford Press, 1993.
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12
Roberts, Ian. Parameter Hierarchies and Universal Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804635.001.0001.
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This book develops a minimalist approach to cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation. The principal claim is that the essential insight of the principles-and-parameters approach to variation can be maintained—albeit in a somewhat different guise—in the context of the minimalist programme for linguistic theory. The central idea is to organize the parameters of Universal Grammar (UG) into hierarchies which define the ways in which properties of individually variant categories and features may act in concert. The hierarchies define macro-, meso-, and microparameters as a function of the position of parametric options in a given hierarchy. A further leading idea, which is consistent with the overall goal of the minimalist programme to reduce the content of UG, is that the parameter hierarchies are not directly determined by UG. They are emergent properties stemming from the interaction of the three factors in language design. Universal Grammar, the first factor, provides a template for the underspecification of the formal features in terms of which parameters are defined. The second and third factors determine the organization of these formal options into hierarchies: two third-factor effects (Feature Economy and Input Generalization) play a central role. Cross-linguistic variation in word order, null subjects, incorporation, verb-movement, case/alignment, wh-movement, and negation are all analysed in the light of this approach. This book represents a significant new contribution to the formal study of cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation on both the empirical and theoretical levels.
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Lombardo, Emanuela y Petra Meier. Policy. Editado por Lisa Disch y Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.32.
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This chapter examines how feminist scholars theorize the concept and subject of policy, starting from the main conceptualization of policy and non-feminist theoretical approaches to it, and then discussing the constructivist turn in both non-feminist and feminist theoretical approaches to policy. It traces how the latter demonstrate that policies are “gendered” and “gendering” constructions embedded in underlying norms that tend to perpetuate unequal power hierarchies between women and men. Since most feminist theorizations of policy, implicitly or explicitly, are focused on power, the chapter also addresses feminist approaches to power and their contribution to theorizing policy. Finally, it shows how feminist theorizing of policy improves the quality of policies, which is relevant to produce policies that can promote greater equality.
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Kaivarainen, Alexander I. Hierarchic Concept of Matter and Field. Water, Biosystems & Elementary Particles. Alexander I. Kaivarainen, 1995.
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Gentry, Caron. Disordered Violence. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.001.0001.
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Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore countered. As an alternative, this book demonstrates that gender, racial, and heteronormative structures that determine hierarchies between states and non-states, forms of violence, and different people are behind how the West approaches terrorism. Drawing upon an intersectional and post-structural feminist critique, Disordered Violence interrogates the persistence of the ‘definition debate’ within Terrorism Studies, arguing that it will never be resolved until a better grasp of gender, race, and heteronormativity are achieved. The empirical chapters look at how these structures work in the profiles of different known ‘terrorists;’ makes a clear connection between the discourse of radicalisation and the racialisation of violence and rationality; and introduces the concept of misogynistic terrorism.
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Karim, Sabrina M. y Marsha Henry. Gender and Peacekeeping. Editado por Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes y Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.31.
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This chapter examines three manifestations of gender in peacekeeping: the gender of those serving as peacekeepers; gendered hierarchies within peacekeeping missions; and the gendered discourse used by the United Nations when discussing women peacekeepers. The chapter provides statistics on the numbers of female peacekeepers historically and by assignment. Using the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the chapter explores how protection masculinity and militarized masculinity complicate the work of female peacekeepers in various ways. Finally, the chapter critiques the problematic rhetoric used by the UN to promote female peacekeepers, which largely relies on an essentialized view of women and downplays the impact of other identities such as culture, language, and class. The chapter argues that rather than seeking to simply increase the numbers of women in peacekeeping roles, a focus on gender equality at a structural level is critical to improving the efficacy of peacekeeping missions.
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Towns, Ann. Civilization. Editado por Lisa Disch y Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.5.
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This chapter discusses the treatment of civilization as a concept and phenomenon in feminist scholarship from the late 1970s until the present. How have feminist scholars understood and approached civilization and its relation to gender and/or women? In what ways have these interventions contributed to and challenged more mainstream scholarship on civilization, particularly on the West and Islam? The chapter begins with a discussion of feminist treatments of civilizations as bounded sociocultural entities and the role of women and men therein. It then continues with a longer analysis of the alternative feminist understanding of civilizations as discourses that are contextually unfolding. In this understanding, gender and the status of women are implicated in the production as well as challenging of civilizational boundaries and hierarchies. The chapter ends with suggestions for the direction of future research, including a call to more directly engage central civilizations scholarship that is inattentive to gender.
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Suls, Jerry, Rebecca L. Collins y Ladd Wheeler, eds. Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190629113.001.0001.
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This edited volume presents both classic and contemporary conceptual, empirical, and applied perspectives on the role of comparisons with other people—a core aspect of social life—that have implications for the self-concept, opinions, subjective and physical well-being, conformity, decision-making, group behavior, education, and social movements. The volume is comprised of original chapters, authored by noted experts, divided into three sections: basic comparison processes, neighboring fields, and applications. The first section is comprised of chapters that update classic theories and present advances, such as the dominating effect of local versus global comparisons, an analysis of the psychology of competition, how comparisons across different domains influence self-concept and achievement, and the integral connections between stereotyping and comparison. The second section introduces perspectives from neighboring fields that shed new light on social comparison. These chapters range from judgment and decision science, cognitive psychology, social network theory, and animal social behavior. The third section presents chapters that describe applications of comparison, including relative deprivation; health psychology; the effects of income inequality on well-being; the relationships among social hierarchies, power, and comparison; and the interconnections of psychological processes such as comparison and differential construal that favor the status quo and can discourage social action in the face of injustice and inequity.
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Aparicio, Frances R. Negotiating Latinidad. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042690.001.0001.
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While Chicago has been long described as a city of Latinidad, there has been very limited academic attention paid to the lives of second-generation Intralatino/as—MexiRicans, MexiGuatemalans, DominiRicans among other rich combinations—who embody Latinidad in their multiple nationalities and ethnicities. Based on twenty interviews, this book documents the presence of Intralatino/as in Chicago and critically analyzes their everyday negotiations with their multiple national identities within the context of their nuclear and extended family stories. Proposing the concept of “horizontal hierarchies” as a theoretical framework for examining the power dynamics among diverse Latino/a ethnic communities, and analyzing rich and compelling anecdotes about the inclusion and exclusion of Intralatino/as in their family lives, the book attempts to bring into representation the everyday ways in which these second-generation Latino/as experience transnationalism within the domestic space of home while they engage affectively with, and against, the national boundaries and imaginaries produced by their loved ones.
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Kulish, Victor V. Hierarchic Electrodynamics and Free Electron Lasers: Concepts, Calculations, and Practical Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Tambe, Ashwini. Defining Girlhood in India. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042720.001.0001.
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At what age do girls gain the maturity to make sexual choices? This question provokes especially vexed debates in India, where early marriage is a widespread practice. India has served as a focal problem site in NGO campaigns and intergovernmental conferences setting age standards for sexual maturity. Over the last century, the country shifted the legal age of marriage from twelve, among the lowest in the world, to eighteen, at the high end of the global spectrum. Ashwini Tambe illuminates the ideas that shaped such shifts: how the concept of adolescence as a sheltered phase led to delaying both marriage and legal adulthood; how the imperative of population control influenced laws on marriage age; and how imperial moral hierarchies between nations provoked defensive postures within India. Tambe's transnational feminist approach to legal history shows how intergovernmental debates influenced Indian laws and how expert discourses in India changed UN terminology about girls. Ultimately, the well-meaning focus on child marriage became tethered less to the well-being of girls themselves and more to parents' interests, population control targets, and the preservation of national reputation.
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Zambrana, Rocío. Colonial Debts. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013198.
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With the largest municipal debt in US history and a major hurricane that destroyed much of the archipelago's infrastructure, Puerto Rico has emerged as a key site for the exploration of neoliberalism and disaster capitalism. In Colonial Debts Rocío Zambrana develops the concept of neoliberal coloniality in light of Puerto Rico's debt crisis. Drawing on decolonial thought and praxis, Zambrana shows how debt functions as an apparatus of predation that transforms how neoliberalism operates. Debt functions as a form of coloniality, intensifying race, gender, and class hierarchies in ways that strengthen the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. Zambrana also examines the transformation of protest in Puerto Rico. From La Colectiva Feminista en Construcción's actions, long-standing land rescue/occupation in the territory, to the July 2019 protests that ousted former governor Ricardo “Ricky” Rosselló, protests pursue variations of decolonial praxis that subvert the positions of power that debt installs. As Zambrana demonstrates, debt reinstalls the colonial condition and adapts the racial/gender order essential to it, thereby emerging as a key site for political-economic subversion and social rearticulation.
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Williams, Erica Lorraine. Racial Hierarchies of Desire and the Specter of Sex Tourism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037931.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the complexities of the racial hierarchies of desire in Salvador by articulating what it calls the specter of sex tourism. It examines the Brazilian ideologies of race that shape the sexual economies of tourism by introducing the concepts of racial democracy, whitening, and mestiçagem (racial and cultural mixing). It also considers the racialized erotics of tourism propaganda and the construction of the mulata (a woman of mixed black and white ancestry) as Brazil's national erotic icon. Finally, it discusses the ways in which Bahian women of African descent who are not engaged in sex work are implicated in the sexual economies of tourism because of assumptions about their licentiousness and availability.
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Lears, Adin E. World of Echo. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749605.001.0001.
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Between late antiquity and the fifteenth century, theologians, philosophers, and poets struggled to articulate the correct relationship between sound and sense, creating taxonomies of sounds based on their capacity to carry meaning. This book traces how medieval thinkers adopted the concept of noise as a mode of lay understanding grounded in the body and the senses. With a broadly interdisciplinary approach, the book examines a range of literary genres to highlight the poetic and social effects of this vibrant discourse, offering close readings of works by Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland, as well as the mystics Richard Rolle and Margery Kempe. Each of these writers embraced an embodied experience of language resistant to clear articulation, even as their work reflects inherited anxieties about the appeal of such sensations. A preoccupation with the sound of language emerged in the form of poetic soundplay at the same time that mysticism and other forms of lay piety began to flower in England. As the book shows, the presence of such emphatic aural texture amplified the cognitive importance of feeling in conjunction with reason and was a means for the laity — including lay women — to cultivate embodied forms of knowledge on their own terms, in precarious relation to existing clerical models of instruction. The book offers a deep history of the cultural and social hierarchies that coalesce around aesthetic experience and gives voice to alternate ways of knowing.
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Prost, Mario. Sources and the Hierarchy of International Law. Editado por Samantha Besson y Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0031.
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This chapter maintains that the doctrine of sources is constructed around a set of shared intuitions and accepted wisdom. One of them is that there exists no hierarchy among sources of international law and that these are, to all intents and purposes, of equal rank and status. The chapter takes a critical look at this ‘non-hierarchy’ thesis, arguing that it is descriptively problematic as it tends to conceal the fact that international legal actors (States, judges, scholars) constantly establish more or less formalized hierarchies of worth and status among law-making processes. These are, admittedly, soft and transient hierarchies that very much depend on contexts, circumstances, the identity of the legal subjects, and the projects they pursue. But these are hierarchies nonetheless inasmuch as that they involve a differentiation of sources ‘in a normative light’.
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Lanzendörfer, Anselma. Designated Attention. Editado por Christian Thorau y Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.11.
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During the nineteenth century, new ideas about how to listen to music were developed. This chapter analyzes concert programs from the Leipzig Gewandhaus from the late eighteenth century through the mid-nineteenth. It looks at one aspect that has been largely ignored: the actual form that the announcements of music in concert programs took. Designations of musical pieces began to provide more and more information, specifying details such as composers’ name, key, running number, tempo and mood markings, and programmatic titles. This development was asynchronous and uneven, encompassing some composers and genres much earlier and more thoroughly than others. This chapter argues that the designations of works of music in concert programs—for a long time the medium closest to the actual listening experience—can be studied as an important factor that shaped (and shapes) music perception (e.g., the prestige effect of “the Ninth” and aesthetic hierarchies).
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Figdor, Carrie. Literalism and Mechanistic Explanation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809524.003.0008.
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Chapters 8 and 9 present objections to Literalism inspired by its implications. Chapter 8 presents the homuncular functionalist view of psychological explanation, which holds that in order to naturalize the mind we need to posit “homunculi”, or ever-simpler capacities, to avoid explaining intelligence with intelligence. Otherwise one commits the homuncular fallacy. The Literalist responds that the fallacy is not a fallacy. Many contemporary mechanistic explanations commonly ascribe the same capacities at many levels in the same decomposition, and there is no plausible way to carve out an exception for psychology. It reinterprets the demand for “discharging” the psychological capacities in terms of finding mathematical models to illuminate old concepts rather than inventing new ones. It also argues that decompositional hierarchies of simple and basic capacities and simple and basic objects are not mirror images of each other.
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Nadler, Anthony M. Beyond the Phantom Public. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040146.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter discusses the intellectual resources of critical media studies and applies them to debates about the future of news. The changes taking place in news media concern not only content but the very modes through which people engage the media in everyday life, as well as the ways media connect individuals to larger communities. Although interactive media is not inherently destined to level hierarchies of power, it is certainly possible that societal appropriations of new media technologies could mean a reworking of the infrastructure that regulates which ideas and visions circulate from point to point in the media system. The issue lies in how crucial decisions at this critical juncture will be made and what course they will set for the years to come.
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Shore, Heather. A Brief History of the Underworld and Organized Crime, c. 1750–1950. Editado por Paul Knepper y Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.8.
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This chapter explores the evolution of concepts and definitions relating to criminal organization since 1750. Terms such as the “underworld,” “organized crime,” and “professional crime” have increasingly become part of the criminal justice lexicon in the modern period. However, while there has been a strong tradition of criminological and sociological investigation into the structures and hierarchies of syndicated crime and street gangs in the first half of the twentieth century, much of this work has been dominated and implicitly shaped by North American contexts. The hidden nature of such criminal activity means that most attention has been paid to those offenders whose recidivism and notoriety brought them into public disrepute. Thus, historians’ investigations into organized crime have been characteristically limited. This chapter provides a broader overview of the historical chronologies and geographies of the “underworld” and explores the key historical studies into the organization of crime in the modern period.
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Palmer, Fiona M. Cultural demand and supply in an imperial trading centre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199352227.003.0002.
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The Liverpool Philharmonic Society lies fifth in line among the oldest concert-giving organisations in Europe. This chapter, tapping the Society’s archive, examines the fundamental internal and external hierarchies which governed and shaped the early development of the Society’s orchestra. To what extent were core values dictated by external supply and demand and to what extent by the personal interests of the leading figures in the Society? What conclusions can be reached about the elements of Liverpool’s activities that were independently governed by local demands? Probing the social expectations and financial structures that underpinned the Society’s regulations, committees, income, expenditure, venues, audience, performers, repertoire and programming is revealing. It allows us to contextualize the issues facing those who promoted ‘the Science and Practice of Music’ in this prosperous commercial port. The operational models established in these early years laid the foundation for a Society whose orchestra continues to the present day.
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Dyer, Christopher. Town and Countryside. Editado por Christopher Gerrard y Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.60.
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The differences between town and country are defined, and their changing fortunes compared from the tenth to the sixteenth centuries. Urban characteristics can be identified through dwellings, high-status buildings, and life styles. Hierarchies of towns, and the influence on the countryside of the various categories of town, can be analysed using the concepts of umland and hinterland, central place and spheres of influence, and von Thunen’s zones of land use around the city. Evidence of interactions between town and country come from the distribution of pottery, stone used for building and artefacts, and supplies of food. Agriculture, including the choice of crops and livestock, was influenced by the towns. Rural industry was not necessarily subordinated to the urban economy, but towns provided goods, services, and culture to country dwellers. There were pronounced regional differences in the degree of urbanization, and the interaction between town and country.
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Randall, Dave. Investigation and Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0007.
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The “turn to the social,” often conflated with the idea that ethnography presents new solutions to the problem of design and the world in which its results are embedded, remains contested. Debate is characterized by a range of epistemological commitments which can be summed up as entailing, variously, an “engineering” paradigm associated with structured design; the analysis of goals and means hierarchies (associated with some versions of cognitive science) for the purposes of interrogating “usability”; and a more sociological/anthropological (and humanistic psychological) perspective allied to concern for the “situated.” Even in the latter instance, however, a number of different stances can be identified. This chapter, then, discusses the “ethnographic” approach, how it is deployed in a wide range of contexts, and the role that disciplinary as against interdisciplinary thinking has in producing outcomes.
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Siemund, Peter y Julia Davydova. World Englishes and the Study of Typology and Universals. Editado por Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola y Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.022.
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In our contribution, we discuss language variation observed in the field of World Englishes from the perspective of language typology and universals research. The major motivation behind this approach is the assumption that, as contained linguistic systems, varieties are constrained by essentially the same mechanisms as languages. Taking the idea of cross-linguistic, and in that sense universal, generalizations as a starting point, we proceed to discussing patterns of variation in different Englishes encountered worldwide. In so doing, we draw on the concepts of markedness relations, frequency, semantic maps, and implicational hierarchies, feature bundles, and complexity, offering possible (and plausible) explanations for the patterns of forms encountered in language data. Our contribution also includes an assessment of angloversals and vernacular universals, as these are generalizations specifically related to World Englishes. We conclude our study with a discussion of postcolonial Englishes in relation to language contact, second language acquisition, and contact-induced grammaticalization.
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Cykowski, Elizabeth. Heidegger's Metaphysical Abyss. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865407.001.0001.
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This book provides a critical study of Heidegger’s reflections on animality, which are presented most extensively in his 1929–30 lecture course The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics. In these lectures Heidegger poses two provocative metaphysical theses: the human, he claims, is ‘world-forming’, whereas the animal is ‘poor in world’. Contemporary secondary literature has emphatically criticised these theses on account of the objection that they forge an ‘abyss of essence’ between human and non-human organisms. The theses undermine scientific developments by breaking apart the biological continuum in order to secure the human within in its own unique category, all the while leaving the world-poor animal on the other side of the abyss. Heidegger thus reinstates an outmoded dualism that he ought, on his own terms, to renounce: human versus animal. Via a close examination of The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics, one that also draws on other places within Heidegger’s corpus where the theme of animality features, the book aims to clarify the true meaning, scope, and significance of Heidegger’s theses. It seeks to show that Heidegger’s examination of animality points beyond the vestiges of received dualisms back to a more essential way of philosophising about life and the human’s relationship to it. The book concludes that Heidegger’s intention is to examine and illuminate, rather than simply to repeat the orthodox metaphysical hierarchies that we have inherited, and his exploration of animality raises deep questions about the status of the human within nature that remain vitally important to this day.
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Sanchez, Melissa E. Queer Faith. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479871872.001.0001.
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It is a common observation that dominant US secular culture retains the stamp of seventeenth-century Protestantism. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the veneration of monogamous coupledom, an ideal that has been entrenched rather than challenged by the recent extension of marriage rights to LGBTQ couples. But what if this narrative of “history and tradition” turns out to suppress the queerness of its own foundational texts? Queer Faith reassesses key texts of the prehistory of monogamy—from Paul to Luther, Petrarch to Shakespeare—to show that writing assumed to promote fidelity in fact articulates the affordances of promiscuity, both in its sexual sense and in its larger designation of all that is impure and disorderly. At the same time, this book resists casting promiscuity as the ethical, queer alternative to monogamy, tracing instead how ideals of sexual liberation are themselves attached to nascent racial and economic hierarchies. Because discourses of erotic fidelity and freedom are also discourses on racial and sexual positionality, excavating the long and complex historical entanglement of concepts of faith, race, and secular love is urgent to contemporary debates about normativity, agency, and subjectivity. Queer Faith puts Christian theology and Renaissance lyric poetry in dialogue with contemporary theory and politics. Deliberately unfaithful to disciplinary norms and national boundaries, this book assembles new conceptual frameworks at the juncture of secular and religious thought, political and aesthetic form. It thereby enlarges the contexts, objects, and authorized genealogies of queer theory and scholarship.
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Stone, Diane y Kim Moloney, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Global Policy and Transnational Administration. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758648.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Global policy making is unfurling in distinctive ways above traditional nation-state policy processes. New practices of transnational administration are emerging inside international organizations but also alongside the trans-governmental networks of regulators and inside global public—private partnerships. Mainstream policy and public administration studies have tended to analyse the capacity of public sector hierarchies to globalize national policies. By contrast, this Handbook investigates new public spaces of transnational policy making, the design and delivery of global public goods and services, and the interdependent roles of transnational administrators who move between business bodies, government agencies, international organizations, and professional associations. This Handbook is novel in taking the concepts and theories of public administration and policy studies to get inside the black box of global governance. Transnational administration is a multi-actor and multi-scalar endeavour having manifestations at the local, urban, sub-regional, subnational, regional, national, supranational, supra-regional, transnational, international, and global scales. These scales of ‘local’ and ‘global’ are not neatly bounded and nested spaces but are articulated together in complex patterns of policy activity. These transnational patterns represent an opportunity and a challenge for the study of both public administration and policy studies. The contributors to this Handbook advance their analysis beyond the methodological nationalism of mainstream approaches to re-invigorate policy studies and public administration by considering policy processes that are transnational and the many new global spaces of administrative practice.