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Osman, Mohamad Amin, Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah, and Saidah Saad. "Identifying Terms to Represent Concepts of a Work Process Ontology." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 24 (2024): 2519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i24.1597.
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Objectives: To identify ontology concepts from text documents for the construction of work process ontology. Methods: This study proposes a methodology to identify terms representing a work process ontology concept from a document. The methodology encompasses several key steps: document collecting, text pre-processing, term weighting and analysis, terms mapping, and domain expert relevance judgments. A comparison between the results of three different term weighting schemes, namely the Term Frequency (TF), Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF), and Mutual Information (MI) is made with the ontology concept that the domain expert has judged. Findings: The approaches adopted in this study have managed to extract ontological concepts from the targeted domain knowledge source. The findings of the comparison analysis suggest that the TFIDF term weighting scheme exhibits better results compared to the TF and MI weighting schemes. Novelty: A work process ontology is a structured knowledge describing daily operations in the government sector. However, there has been little to no effort in building the work process ontology. This study presents an integrated approach for identifying ontology concepts from documents within the domain of the work process. To the utmost extent of our understanding, this research initiative is the initial attempt to introduce a structured methodology for the semi-automatic extraction and evaluation of concepts and relationships within this domain. The findings can be utilised as a foundation for developing an ontology in the specific field. Keywords: Ontology, Work process, Text extraction, Natural language processing, Term weighting
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S, Florence Vijila, and Nirmala K. "Quantification of Portrayal Concepts using tf-idf Weighting." International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques 3, no. 5 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijist.2013.3501.
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Klinkenberg, Ralf. "Learning drifting concepts: Example selection vs. example weighting." Intelligent Data Analysis 8, no. 3 (2004): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ida-2004-8305.
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Carlos Sena Maia, Joaquim. "An objective criterion for weighting taxonomic characters." MOJ Biology and Medicine 9, no. 2 (2024): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2024.09.00218.
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In this work we present the programs developed to calculate, through a weighting system, the contributions of taxonomic characters to aggregate species in higher taxa or to individualize them in identification processes. The concepts established in previous works are presented graphically in order to facilitate the understanding of the concepts of aggregative and discriminative potentials of a character. A step-by-step tutorial is presented to facilitate the use of the programs developed by the author to calculate the weighting of each character, numerically translating the ability to aggregate and discriminate taxonomic units, by means of statistical analysis.
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Mohamad, Amin Osman, Azman Mohd Noah Shahrul, and Saad Saidah. "Identifying Terms to Represent Concepts of a Work Process Ontology." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 24 (2024): 2519–28. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i24.1597.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To identify ontology concepts from text documents for the construction of work process ontology. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study proposes a methodology to identify terms representing a work process ontology concept from a document. The methodology encompasses several key steps: document collecting, text pre-processing, term weighting and analysis, terms mapping, and domain expert relevance judgments. A comparison between the results of three different term weighting schemes, namely the Term Frequency (TF), Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF), and Mutual Information (MI) is made with the ontology concept that the domain expert has judged. <strong>Findings:</strong> The approaches adopted in this study have managed to extract ontological concepts from the targeted domain knowledge source. The findings of the comparison analysis suggest that the TFIDF term weighting scheme exhibits better results compared to the TF and MI weighting schemes. <strong>Novelty:</strong> A work process ontology is a structured knowledge describing daily operations in the government sector. However, there has been little to no effort in building the work process ontology. This study presents an integrated approach for identifying ontology concepts from documents within the domain of the work process. To the utmost extent of our understanding, this research initiative is the initial attempt to introduce a structured methodology for the semi-automatic extraction and evaluation of concepts and relationships within this domain. The findings can be utilised as a foundation for developing an ontology in the specific field. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Ontology, Work process, Text extraction, Natural language processing, Term weighting
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Schellenberg, Florian, William R. Taylor, Ilse Jonkers, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "Robustness of kinematic weighting and scaling concepts for musculoskeletal simulation." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 7 (2017): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2017.1295305.
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Buatoom, Uraiwan, Waree Kongprawechnon, and Thanaruk Theeramunkong. "Document Clustering Using K-Means with Term Weighting as Similarity-Based Constraints." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060967.
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In similarity-based constrained clustering, there have been various approaches on how to define the similarity between documents to guide the grouping of similar documents together. This paper presents an approach to use term-distribution statistics extracted from a small number of cue instances with their known classes, for term weightings as indirect distance constraint. As for distribution-based term weighting, three types of term-oriented standard deviations are exploited: distribution of a term in a collection (SD), average distribution of a term in a class (ACSD), and average distribution of a term among classes (CSD). These term weightings are explored with the consideration of symmetry concepts by varying the magnitude to positive and negative for promoting and demoting effects of three standard deviations. In k-means, followed the symmetry concept, both seeded and unseeded centroid initializations are investigated and compared to the centroid-based classification. Our experiment is conducted using five English text collections and one Thai text collection, i.e., Amazon, DI, WebKB1, WebKB2, and 20Newsgroup, as well as TR, a collection of Thai reform-related opinions. Compared to the conventional TFIDF, the distribution-based term weighting improves the centroid-based method, seeded k-means, and k-means with the error reduction rate of 22.45%, 31.13%, and 58.96%.
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Ain, Qurat Ul, Mohamed Amine Chatti, Komlan Gluck Charles Bakar, Shoeb Joarder, and Rawaa Alatrash. "Automatic Construction of Educational Knowledge Graphs: A Word Embedding-Based Approach." Information 14, no. 10 (2023): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14100526.
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Knowledge graphs (KGs) are widely used in the education domain to offer learners a semantic representation of domain concepts from educational content and their relations, termed as educational knowledge graphs (EduKGs). Previous studies on EduKGs have incorporated concept extraction and weighting modules. However, these studies face limitations in terms of accuracy and performance. To address these challenges, this work aims to improve the concept extraction and weighting mechanisms by leveraging state-of-the-art word and sentence embedding techniques. Concretely, we enhance the SIFRank keyphrase extraction method by using SqueezeBERT and we propose a concept-weighting strategy based on SBERT. Furthermore, we conduct extensive experiments on different datasets, demonstrating significant improvements over several state-of-the-art keyphrase extraction and concept-weighting techniques.
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Gan, Keng Hoon, and Keat Keong Phang. "Finding target and constraint concepts for XML query construction." International Journal of Web Information Systems 11, no. 4 (2015): 468–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-04-2015-0017.
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Purpose – This paper aims to focus on automatic selection of two important structural concepts required in an XML query, namely, target and constraint concepts, when given a keywords query. Due to the diversities of concepts used in XML resources, it is not easy to select a correct concept when constructing an XML query. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a Context-based Term Weighting model that performs term weighting based on part of documents. Each part represents a specific context, thus offering better capturing of concept and term relationship. For query time analysis, a Query Context Graph and two algorithms, namely, Select Target and Constraint (QC) and Select Target and Constraint (QCAS) are proposed to find the concepts for constructing XML query. Findings – Evaluations were performed using structured document for conference domain. For constraint concept selection, the approach CTX+TW achieved better result than its baseline, NCTX, when search term has ambiguous meanings by using context-based scoring for the concepts. CTX+TW also shows its stability on various scoring models like BM25, TFIEF and LM. For target concept selection, CTX+TW outperforms the standard baseline, SLCA, whereas it also records higher coverage than FCA, when structural keywords are used in query. Originality/value – The idea behind this approach is to capture the concepts required for term interpretation based on parts of the collections rather than the entire collection. This allows better selection of concepts, especially when a structured XML document consists many different types of information.
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Kellerer, A. M. "Weighting factors for radiation quality: how to unite the two current concepts." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 110, no. 1-4 (2004): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch164.
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Yıldırım, Yıldız, and Melek Gülşah Şahin. "How Do Different Weighting Methods Affect the Overall Effect Size in Meta-Analysis? : An Example of Science Attitude in Türkiye Sample." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 10, no. 3 (2023): 744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2023.10.3.1049.
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There is increasing interest in meta-analysis in different fields due to the need to combine the results of primary research. One of the crucial concepts in combining results is weighting. This study examines how Hunter and Schmidt's method, weighting by sample size; Hedges and Vevea's method, weighting by inverse variance; and Osburn and Callender's method, unweighting, affect the overall effect size in meta-analysis. In this context, for meta-analysis, the search was done for studies examining the effects of alternative measurement and assessment techniques and methods in science education on science attitudes. The databases of the HEI National Thesis Center, Web of Science, ERIC, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and DergiPark were searched between 2010 and 2021. Eleven studies (with 14 effect sizes) that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. In line with the study's findings, it was observed that the overall effect sizes were significant and did not change much in the weighting methods. Besides, it was found that the method with the lowest standard error was unweighted. The weighting methods of Hunter and Schmidt and Hedges and Vevea gave similar results in terms of standard error. When the correlation coefficient between the weighting methods was examined, it was seen that all correlation coefficients were greater than 0.90.
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WANG, LEI, KAP LUK CHAN, and XUEJIAN XIONG. "A SUB-VECTOR WEIGHTING SCHEME FOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL WITH RELEVANCE FEEDBACK." International Journal of Image and Graphics 02, no. 02 (2002): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467802000597.
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In image retrieval with relevance feedback, feature components are weighted to reflect the high-level concepts, and a user's subjective perception, embodied in the images labelled by the user in the feedback. However, the number of labelled images is often small and the covariance matrix needed for weighting will be singular. For this reason, the commonly used methods discard the mutual correlation among the feature components completely and use a diagonal covariance matrix. In this paper, a sub-vector weighting scheme is proposed. This scheme partitions a multi-dimensional visual feature vector into multiple low-dimensional sub-vectors. The singularity of the covariance matrix for each sub-vector can be avoided due to the lower dimensionality of the sub-vectors. Thus, the mutual correlation in each sub-vector can be retained for weighting and an optimally weighted similarity metric can be applied on each sub-vector. The similarity scores obtained from different sub-vectors are combined, as the final score, to rank the database images. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed weighting scheme can significantly improve the efficacy of image retrieval with relevance feedback.
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Satiman, Satiman. "Pattern of Weighting in Cases Outside the Criminal Code." Ratio Legis Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.1.1.50-58.
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The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the pattern of criminal threats, especially the pattern of criminal aggravation in the law, as a consideration for experts in the formulation of laws in the future.The approach method used is a normative juridical approach, through the principles of both legal issues, theories, concepts and regulations related to the problem.. The result of this research is the pattern of weighting due to additional elements, which can be in the form of behavior (planning) or events arising from certain behaviors or consequences (severe injuries or death). In this case, the threat of general criminalization is actually not just a "sanction" that can be imposed by a judge that has been stipulated in the law, but is also a moral justification for criminalization, especially regarding what and what kind of punishment is appropriate and fair.
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Turrisi, Giuseppe F., John T. Jennings, and Lars Vilhelmsen. "Phylogeny and generic concepts of the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea)." Invertebrate Systematics 23, no. 1 (2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is08031.
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The results of the first phylogenetic investigation of members of the Aulacidae of the world are presented. The main objective was to test the monophyly of the currently recognised genera. In total, 79 morphological characters were scored for a substantial sample of the extant aulacid fauna, including 72 species, as well as 12 outgroup taxa belonging to Evaniidae, Gasteruptiidae, Megalyridae, Trigonalidae, Braconidae and Stephanidae. All zoogeographic regions were represented. The dataset was analysed under different conditions (ordered, unordered, equal and implied weighting). The results under different weighting conditions are not fully congruent and many relationships remain unresolved. However, the analyses demonstrate that the current generic classification of the Aulacidae is not a natural one. There is support for a very large, monophyletic clade which includes all Pristaulacus Kieffer spp. + Panaulix Benoit spp. This suggests a wider generic concept for Pristaulacus, which is redefined and rediagnosed here. As a consequence, Panaulix becomes a junior synonym of Pristaulacus (syn. nov.), and the two described species of Panaulix are transferred to Pristaulacus: Pristaulacus rex (Benoit, 1984), comb. nov., and Pristaulacus irenae (Madl, 1990), comb. nov. The genus Aulacus Jurine was consistently paraphyletic and is not valid as currently defined. Furthermore, we failed to retrieve a consistent topology among the different clades of Aulacus. A satisfactory reclassification of Aulacus, however, requires a much more comprehensive taxon sample and/or additional character data.
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Petrovay, K. "Area-Weighting of Sunspot Group Positions and Proper Motion Artifacts." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 141 (1993): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110002892x.
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AbstractTwo simple examples are presented to show that concepts about the physical nature of sunspot groups may significantly influence the statistical data analysis process. In particular, the second example shows that the well-known difference in the decay rates of preceding (p-) and following (f-) polarity parts of sunspot groups may lead to a fake proper motion effect when area-weighted group positions are used. This effect may be responsible for some recent contradictory findings concerning the motions of sunspot groups. It is therefore argued that while area-weighting is adequate when calculating the mean positions of p- and f-parts of a sunspot group separately, defining the position of the group as a whole by the unweighted average of the mean positions of the p- and f-parts is more satisfactory from the theoretical point of view (whenever it is possible to distinguish between spots of different polarities). Similarly, it is best not to “correct” sunspot proper motions for internal differential rotation within groups.
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Douglass, Steven, and Nathan Gibson. "K-MEANS CLUSTERING OF NEUTRON SPECTRA FOR CROSS SECTION COLLAPSE." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124703010.
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The process of generating cross sections for whole-core analysis typically involves collapsing cross sections against an approximate spectrum generated by solving problems with reduced scope (e.g., 2D slices of a fuel assembly). Such spectra vary with the location of a material region and with other state parameters (e.g., burnup, temperature, soluble boron concentration), resulting in a burdensome and potentially time consuming process to store and load spectra. Commonly, this is resolved by manually determinining material regions for which the cross sections can be collapsed with a single weighting flux, requiring a combination of domain knowledge, engineering judgment, and trial and error. Exploring new reactor concepts and solving increasingly complicated problems with deterministic transport methods will therefore benefit greatly from an automated approach to grouping spectra independent of problem geometry or reactor type. This paper leverages a data analytics technique known as k-means clustering to group regions with similar weighting spectra into individual clusters, within each of which an average weighting flux is applied. Despite the clustering algorithm being agnostic to the physics of the problem, the approach results in a nearly 98% decrease in number of spectra regions with minimal impact to the accuracy.
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Riffelli, Stefano. "Global Comfort Indices in Indoor Environments: A Survey." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212784.
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The term “comfort” has a number of nuances and meanings according to the specific context. This study was aimed at providing a review of the influence (or “weight”) of the different factors that contribute to global comfort, commonly known as indoor environmental quality (IEQ). A dedicated section includes the methodologies and strategies for finding the most relevant studies on this topic. Resulting in 85 studies, this review outlines 27 studies containing 26 different weightings and 9 global comfort indices (GCIs) with a formula. After an overview of the main concepts, basic definitions, indices, methods and possible strategies for each type of comfort, the studies on the IEQ categories weights to reach a global comfort index are reviewed. A particular interest was paid to research with a focus on green buildings and smart homes. The core section includes global indoor environmental quality indices, besides a specific emphasis on indices found in recent literature to understand the best aspects that they all share. For each of these overall indices, some specific details are shown, such as the comfort categories, the general formula, and the methods employed. The last section reports IEQ elements percentage weighting summary, common aspects of GCIs, requisites for an indoor global comfort index (IGCI), and models adopted in comfort category weighting. Furthermore, current trends are described in the concluding remarks pointing to a better IGCI by considering additional aspects and eventually adopting artificial intelligence algorithms. This leads to the optimal control of any actuator, maximising energy savings.
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Garnsey, Margaret R. "Automatic Classification of Financial Accounting Concepts." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 3, no. 1 (2006): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta.2006.3.1.21.
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Information and standards overload are part of the current business environment. In accounting, this is exacerbated due to the variety of users and the evolving nature of accounting language. This article describes a research project that determines the feasibility of using statistical methods to automatically group related accounting concepts together. Starting with the frequencies of words in documents and modifying them for local and global weighting, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and agglomerative clustering were used to derive clusters of related accounting concepts. Resultant clusters were compared to terms generated randomly and terms identified by individuals to determine if related terms are identified. A recognition test was used to determine if providing individuals with lists of terms generated automatically allowed them to identify additional relevant terms. Results found that both clusters obtained from the weighted term-document matrix and clusters from a LSI matrix based on 50 dimensions contained significant numbers of related terms. There was no statistical difference in the number of related terms found by the methods. However, the LSI clusters contained terms that were of a lower frequency in the corpus. This finding may have significance in using cluster terms to assist in retrieval. When given a specific term and asked for related terms, providing individuals with a list of potential terms significantly increased the number of related terms they were able to identify when compared to their free-recall.
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Muzafanti, Rahmah Navi'ah, Evawati Alisah, and Fachrur Rozi. "Metode AHP-Fuzzy untuk Menentukan Tingkat Prioritas Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika dan Psikotropika." Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Matematika 3, no. 3 (2024): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jrmm.v3i3.22596.
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Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method in decision making by analyzing multi-attribute decisions with many criteria and alternatives. these weaknesses, then the incorporation of fuzzy concepts is carried out, because there is a range of values that can cover the uncertainty of decision making in AHP. The merger of the two concepts is known as Analytical Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy or AHP-Fuzzy. The AHP-Fuzzy method uses an extended analysis with a triangular fuzzy membership function or TFN. Meanwhile, there is data on narcotics and psychotropic crimes. The data contains the indictment of each defendant containing the articles violated, prison sentences, and fines. Because it fulfills the AHP-Fuzzy method by having the main criteria. The author takes the formulation of the problem, namely the AHP-Fuzzy method to determine the priority level of criminal acts of narcotics and psychotropic abuse. This research aims to find out how the role of the AHP-Fuzzy method in criminal case data. The adjustment of the method when processing criminal offense data, producing the final result is at the stage of determining the crisp value and weighting. Before entering the crisp value determination stage, first determine the variables and the range of values that adjust the data conditions. Then, the weighting stage contains the results of the multiplication between AHP priority weights and weight vectors in fuzzy concepts. Thus, each of the main criteria has a different percentage priority level. The highest priority level is article 114, followed by article 112, article 111, and article 127. This priority level information can be used as a reference in preventing the spread of narcotics and psychotropic drugs, especially in Malang City.
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Pérez de Frutos, Javier, André Pedersen, Egidijus Pelanis, et al. "Learning deep abdominal CT registration through adaptive loss weighting and synthetic data generation." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0282110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282110.
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Purpose This study aims to explore training strategies to improve convolutional neural network-based image-to-image deformable registration for abdominal imaging. Methods Different training strategies, loss functions, and transfer learning schemes were considered. Furthermore, an augmentation layer which generates artificial training image pairs on-the-fly was proposed, in addition to a loss layer that enables dynamic loss weighting. Results Guiding registration using segmentations in the training step proved beneficial for deep-learning-based image registration. Finetuning the pretrained model from the brain MRI dataset to the abdominal CT dataset further improved performance on the latter application, removing the need for a large dataset to yield satisfactory performance. Dynamic loss weighting also marginally improved performance, all without impacting inference runtime. Conclusion Using simple concepts, we improved the performance of a commonly used deep image registration architecture, VoxelMorph. In future work, our framework, DDMR, should be validated on different datasets to further assess its value.
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Wadhwa, Ankush, and Sanjay Nandal. "Development of an Index in Social Science: A Systematic Literature Review." Scientific Temper 16, no. 03 (2025): 3927–42. https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2025.16.3.09.
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In the social sciences, indices are vital tools for summarizing and interpreting complex social phenomena by aggregating various indicators into a composite measure. This systematic literature review explores the methodologies employed in developing such indices, emphasizing the challenges of operationalizing abstract social concepts like well-being and inequality. The review identifies common practices in selecting and weighting indicators, with methodologies ranging from simple equal weighting to advanced statistical techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Despite the widespread use of these indices, academic literature on their development remains sparse, with much of the existing work carried out by agencies rather than academic researchers. This review fills this gap by analyzing diverse studies across different social science domains, offering insights into best practices for future research. The findings underscore the importance of methodological rigor in ensuring the validity and reliability of indices, which are increasingly relied upon to inform policy and guide social interventions.
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El-Dsouky, Ali I., Hesham A. Ali, and Rabab Samy Rashed. "Ranking Documents Based on the Semantic Relations Using Analytical Hierarchy Process." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2017070102.
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With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web comes the need for a fast and accurate way to reach the information required. Search engines play an important role in retrieving the required information for users. Ranking algorithms are an important step in search engines so that the user could retrieve the pages most relevant to his query In this work, the authors present a method for utilizing genealogical information from ontology to find the suitable hierarchical concepts for query extension, and ranking web pages based on semantic relations of the hierarchical concepts related to query terms, taking into consideration the hierarchical relations of domain searched (sibling, synonyms and hyponyms) by different weighting based on AHP method. So, it provides an accurate solution for ranking documents when compared to the three common methods.
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Mansor, Muhammad Naufal, and Mohd Nazri Rejab. "Innovative Concepts for Newborn Pain Based Systems with Hu Moment and Similar Classifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1098.
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Image analysis of infant pain has been proven to be an excellent tool in the area of automatic detection of pathological status of an infant. This paper investigates the application of parameter weighting for invariant moments to provide the robust representation of infant pain images. Two classes of infant images were considered such as normal images, and babies in pain. A Similar Classifier is suggested to classify the infant images into normal and pathological images. Similar Classifier is trained with different spread factor or smoothing parameter to obtain better classification accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested features and classification algorithms give very promising classification accuracy of above 89.54% and it expounds that the suggested method can be used to help medical professionals for diagnosing pathological status of an infant from face images.
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Yu, Chenglin, and Hailong Pei. "Dynamic Weighting Translation Transfer Learning for Imbalanced Medical Image Classification." Entropy 26, no. 5 (2024): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26050400.
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Medical image diagnosis using deep learning has shown significant promise in clinical medicine. However, it often encounters two major difficulties in real-world applications: (1) domain shift, which invalidates the trained model on new datasets, and (2) class imbalance problems leading to model biases towards majority classes. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a transfer learning solution, named Dynamic Weighting Translation Transfer Learning (DTTL), for imbalanced medical image classification. The approach is grounded in information and entropy theory and comprises three modules: Cross-domain Discriminability Adaptation (CDA), Dynamic Domain Translation (DDT), and Balanced Target Learning (BTL). CDA connects discriminative feature learning between source and target domains using a synthetic discriminability loss and a domain-invariant feature learning loss. The DDT unit develops a dynamic translation process for imbalanced classes between two domains, utilizing a confidence-based selection approach to select the most useful synthesized images to create a pseudo-labeled balanced target domain. Finally, the BTL unit performs supervised learning on the reassembled target set to obtain the final diagnostic model. This paper delves into maximizing the entropy of class distributions, while simultaneously minimizing the cross-entropy between the source and target domains to reduce domain discrepancies. By incorporating entropy concepts into our framework, our method not only significantly enhances medical image classification in practical settings but also innovates the application of entropy and information theory within deep learning and medical image processing realms. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DTTL achieves the best performance compared to existing state-of-the-art methods for imbalanced medical image classification tasks.
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Pandiselvi, Selvakumar, Raja Ramachandran, Jinde Cao, Grienggrai Rajchakit, Aly R. Seadawy, and Ahmed Alsaedi. "An advanced delay-dependent approach of impulsive genetic regulatory networks besides the distributed delays, parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 23, no. 6 (2018): 803–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2018.6.1.
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In this typescript, we concerned the problem of delay-dependent approach of impulsive genetic regulatory networks besides the distributed delays, parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays. An advanced Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional are defined, which is in triple integral form. Combining the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with convex combination method and free-weighting matrix approach the stability conditions are derived with the help of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Some available software collections are used to solve the conditions. Lastly, two numerical examples and their simulations are conferred to indicate the feasibility of the theoretical concepts.
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SAIF, ABDULGABBAR, UMMI ZAKIAH ZAINODIN, NAZLIA OMAR, and ABDULLAH SAEED GHAREB. "Weighting-based semantic similarity measure based on topological parameters in semantic taxonomy." Natural Language Engineering 24, no. 6 (2018): 861–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324918000190.
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AbstractSemantic measures are used in handling different issues in several research areas, such as artificial intelligence, natural language processing, knowledge engineering, bioinformatics, and information retrieval. Hierarchical feature-based semantic measures have been proposed to estimate the semantic similarity between two concepts/words depending on the features extracted from a semantic taxonomy (hierarchy) of a given lexical source. The central issue in these measures is the constant weighting assumption that all elements in the semantic representation of the concept possess the same relevance. In this paper, a new weighting-based semantic similarity measure is proposed to address the issues in hierarchical feature-based measures. Four mechanisms are introduced to weigh the degree of relevance of features in the semantic representation of a concept by using topological parameters (edge, depth, descendants, and density) in a semantic taxonomy. With the semantic taxonomy of WordNet, the proposed semantic measure is evaluated for word semantic similarity in four gold-standard datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed measure outperforms hierarchical feature-based semantic measures in all the datasets. Comparison results also imply that the proposed measure is more effective than information-content measures in measuring semantic similarity.
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Most, Thomas, and Christian Bucher. "New concepts for moving least squares: An interpolating non-singular weighting function and weighted nodal least squares." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 32, no. 6 (2008): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2007.10.013.
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SEON, CHOONG-NYOUNG, HARKSOO KIM, and JUNGYUN SEO. "TRANSLATION ASSISTANCE SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE WEIGHTING AND CLUSTER-BASED SEARCHING METHODS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 21, no. 06 (2012): 1250028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500285.
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Visiting a foreign country is now much easier than it was in the past. This has led to a consequent increase in the need for translation services during these visits. To satisfy this need, a reliable translation assistance system based on sentence retrieval techniques is proposed. When a user inputs a sentence in his/her native language, the proposed system retrieves sentences similar to the input sentence from a pre-constructed bilingual corpus and returns pairs of sentences in the native and foreign languages. To reduce the lexical disagreement problems that inevitably occur in this sentence retrieval application, the proposed system uses multi-level linguistic information (i.e., keywords, sentence types, and concepts) with different weights as indexing terms. In addition, the proposed system uses clustering information from sentences with similar meanings to smooth the retrieval target sentences. In an experiment, the proposed system outperformed traditional IR systems. Based on various experiments, it was found that multi-level information was effective at alleviating critical lexical disagreement problems in sentence retrieval. It was also found that the proposed system was suitable for sentence retrieval applications such as translation assistance systems.
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Frost, M. E., and N. A. Spence. "The Rediscovery of Accessibility and Economic Potential: The Critical Issue of Self-Potential." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 11 (1995): 1833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271833.
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Economic potential measures of accessibility seem to have been rediscovered in the research literature recently, as well as in research that informs policy formulation. These new applications are using more and more sophisticated sources of data but are in large measure still operationalising the familiar concepts of market potential. Such potential is calculated for any zone by summing the representative economic mass of all other zones in the system each divided by some measure of the intervening travel impedance between that zone and every other zone. In this straightforward calculation it becomes necessary to incorporate the economic mass of the zone under consideration itself and to decide on the appropriate travel impedance. This apparently simple task is the focus of this paper. Most research of this type uses a weighting of the radius of the circle equalling the area of the zone in question to approximate the travel impedance. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the choice of weighting is important in determining the nature of the resultant potential surface.
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Formica, Anna, Elaheh Pourabbas, and Francesco Taglino. "Semantic Search Enhanced with Rating Scores." Future Internet 12, no. 4 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12040067.
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This paper presents SemSime, a method based on semantic similarity for searching over a set of digital resources previously annotated by means of concepts from a weighted reference ontology. SemSime is an enhancement of SemSim and, with respect to the latter, it uses a frequency approach for weighting the ontology, and refines both the user request and the digital resources with the addition of rating scores. Such scores are High, Medium, and Low, and in the user request indicate the preferences assigned by the user to each of the concepts representing the searching criteria, whereas in the annotation of the digital resources they represent the levels of quality associated with each concept in describing the resources. The SemSime has been evaluated and the results of the experiment show that it performs better than SemSim and an evolution of it, referred to as S e m S i m R V .
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CUJ, JESÚS DURAN, CARLOS ROMEO RODRIGUEZ MAZARIEGO, LUIS ABRAHAM PAZ MEDINA, MARISOL GONZÁLEZ HERNÁNDEZ, and YAZMÍN ISOLDA ÁLVAREZ GARCÍA. "REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM AGAINST PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES OF THIRD PARTIES IN MEXICO." ULUSLARARASI SOSYOLOJİ VE EKONOMİ DERGİSİ 5, no. 1 (2022): 50–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7346842.
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This addresses as a topic of interest reproductive freedom against the assisted reproduction technique in its justification as preimplantation genetic diagnosis for therapeutic purposes to third parties, so it executes an analysis of the particular concepts that will be addressed in the discussion, in turn of the subjects involved and the legal precepts that serve as national and international antecedents in the subject of family planning law and How this right to freedom can be contrasted in a line of weighting to other human rights such as health, best interests of the child, identity, among others.
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Maestas, Cherie D., Matthew K. Buttice, and Walter J. Stone. "Extracting Wisdom from Experts and Small Crowds: Strategies for Improving Informant-based Measures of Political Concepts." Political Analysis 22, no. 3 (2014): 354–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpt050.
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Social scientists have increasingly turned to expert judgments to generate data for difficult-to-measure concepts, but getting access to and response from highly expert informants can be costly and challenging. We examine how informant selection and post-survey response aggregation influence the validity and reliability of measures built from informant observations. We draw upon three surveys with parallel survey questions of candidate characteristics to examine the trade-off between expanding the size of the local informant pool and the pool's level of expertise. We find that a “wisdom-of-crowds” effect trumps the benefits associated with the expertise of individual informants when the size of the rater pool is modestly increased. We demonstrate that the benefits of expertise are best realized by prescreening potential informants for expertise rather than post-survey weighting by expertise.
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Habibur Rahman Arjuni and Arif Senja Fitrani. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Peserta Lomba Desain Logo Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Berbasis Website." Explorer 2, no. 2 (2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/explorer.v2i2.310.
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The Faculty of Business, Law and Social Sciences (FBHIS) Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (Umsida) held an FBHIS Logo Design Competition for the FBHIS creative community. The provisions of the competition are to represent all study programs (Prodi) in FBHIS, namely Management Study Program, Master of Management, Law, Communication Studies, Public Administration, Accounting, and Digital Business. To help determine the winner of the best contestants, a decision support system (SPK) is needed that is able to provide alternative solutions to the parties concerned. The method used in the decision support system for selecting participants in the logo design competition uses the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method for the weighting of the criteria. The software used in making DSS is MySQL and PHP. The assessment criteria are taken from the Originality selection test scores, Design Idea Concepts, Aesthetic Values, Conformity of Themes and Messages Delivered. Alternative samples were taken as many as 20 participants with the top rank. The results of the SAW calculation give the order of the participants' scores from the highest to the lowest. The result of the SPK is not a final decision, because it goes back to the one who made the decision
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Azizah, Nuril Lutvi, Vevy Liansari, and Alfan Indra Kusuma. "SPACED REPETITION CONCEPT DESIGN WITH FUZZY MULTI CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A MEDIA TO IMPROVE NUMERACY LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 2 (2023): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss2pp1049-1056.
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Numeracy Learning activities after the Covid-19 Pandemic has been decline in the quality of learning in a number of elementary school students. This research is limited to learning numeracy for low grade students, namely grade 1,2, and 3, because the basic concept of numeration begins with low grades There are several factors that make difficult for students to understand numeracy, the students often forget about the concepts that have been taught before. An Effective way of memorizing with the conventional way is memorizing with repeat pronunciations. To improve the quality of education, learning concepts that were previously carried out conventionally must be developed in a modern way using application. The purpose of this research is to improve the numeracy learning concept of low-grade students in primary school after Covid-19 pandemic which is more fun and modern by using the concept of spaced repetition based on android flashcards. The analysis of 135 student’s assessment is based on criteria such as tangible, reliability, empathy, responsive, and assurance. The decision support system using Fuzzy Multi Criteria Methods (MCDM) is also used to determine the weighting of the criteria and the effectiveness of learning using spaced repetition concept and it’s application. The result of the weighting using fuzzy multi criteria is obtained defuzzification that tangible 65.18, reliability 56.54, responsive 46.17, assurance 49.13, and empathy 29.62. Tangible has the highest results in this test, it means that the students prefer modern learning with android application with an attractive experienced. The correlation test obtained the result 0.76 which is a high value in decision making and could be accepted.
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Rais, Mohammed, Mohammed Bekkali, and Abdelmonaime Lachkar. "An Efficient Method for Biomedical Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Web-Kernel Similarity." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 16, no. 4 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.20211001.oa9.
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Searching for the best sense for a polysemous word remains one of the greatest challenges in the representation of biomedical text. To this end, Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) algorithms mostly rely on an External Source of Knowledge, like a Thesaurus or Ontology, for automatically selecting the proper concept of an ambiguous term in a given Window of Context using semantic similarity and relatedness measures. In this paper, we propose a Web-based Kernel function for measuring the semantic relatedness between concepts to disambiguate an expression versus multiple possible concepts. This measure uses the large volume of documents returned by PubMed Search engine to determine the greater context for a biomedical short text through a new term weighting scheme based on Rough Set Theory (RST). To illustrate the efficiency of our proposed method, we evaluate a WSD algorithm based on this measure on a biomedical dataset (MSH-WSD) that contains 203 ambiguous terms and acronyms. The obtained results demonstrate promising improvements.
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Teegavarapu, Ramesh S. V. "Estimation of missing precipitation records integrating surface interpolation techniques and spatio-temporal association rules." Journal of Hydroinformatics 11, no. 2 (2009): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2009.009.
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Deterministic and stochastic weighting methods are the most frequently used methods for estimating missing rainfall values. These methods may not always provide accurate estimates due to their inability to completely characterize the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. A new association rule mining (ARM) based spatial interpolation approach is proposed, developed and investigated in the current study to estimate missing precipitation values at a gauging station. As an integrated approach this methodology combines the power of data mining techniques and spatial interpolation approaches. Data mining concepts are used to extract and formulate rules based on spatial and temporal associations among observed precipitation data series. The rules are then used to improve the precipitation estimates obtained from spatial interpolation methods. A stochastic spatial interpolation technique and three deterministic weighting methods are used as interpolation methods in the current study. Historical daily precipitation data obtained from 15 rain gauging stations from a temperate climatic region (Kentucky, USA) are used to test this approach and derive conclusions about its efficacy for estimating missing precipitation data. Results suggest that the use of association rule mining in conjunction with a spatial interpolation technique can improve the precipitation estimates.
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Navarro, Ignacio J., Víctor Yepes, and José V. Martí. "A Review of Multicriteria Assessment Techniques Applied to Sustainable Infrastructure Design." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6134803.
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Given the great impacts associated with the construction and maintenance of infrastructures in both the environmental, the economic and the social dimensions, a sustainable approach to their design appears essential to ease the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. Multicriteria decision-making methods are usually applied to address the complex and often conflicting criteria that characterise sustainability. The present study aims to review the current state of the art regarding the application of such techniques in the sustainability assessment of infrastructures, analysing as well the sustainability impacts and criteria included in the assessments. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is the most frequently used weighting technique. Simple Additive Weighting has turned out to be the most applied decision-making method to assess the weighted criteria. Although a life cycle assessment approach is recurrently used to evaluate sustainability, standardised concepts, such as cost discounting, or presentation of the assumed functional unit or system boundaries, as required by ISO 14040, are still only marginally used. Additionally, a need for further research in the inclusion of fuzziness in the handling of linguistic variables is identified.
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Beckmann, Sönke, Hartmut Zadek, and Sebastian Trojahn. "Criteria for Route Evaluation of Automated Buses." Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041683.
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Automated buses are a component of future mobility concepts. However, these vehicles will only realize their full potential when they are highly automated, without a driver on board, and operate on public roads. In addition to the further development of vehicle technology, the planning of automated bus deployment represents an important field of research. The selection of suitable routes is influenced by various criteria related to infrastructure, road users, and the environment. There is limited literature on the criteria for the route evaluation of automated vehicles, and specifically, no studies exist concerning automated buses. To address this research gap and determine the weighting of these criteria, expert interviews and a case study were conducted. The expert interviews were utilized to identify the criteria that influence the operation of automated buses. Furthermore, the weighting of these criteria was determined, facilitating their prioritization. The case study examined the extent to which these criteria could be derived from publicly available data. With the criteria catalog developed in this work, transport authorities and transport companies will be able to assess entire operational areas regarding the deployment of automated buses and prioritize suitable routes at an early planning stage.
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VARUN, JAIN, and KAUSTABH A. HIWAREKAR PROF. "TEXT MINING ON Q&A WEBSITES." JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal Volume 3, Issue 11 (2017): 7–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1420150.
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A well-known online Q&A forum where software developers post and answer questions related to programming. We perform the analyses on a long list of factors in the raw data and identify those that have a clear relation to response time. The main search is for the tag-related factors, such as their “count†(frequency of the tag used) and the cardinality of their “subscribers†(number of users can answer questions containing the tag), provide much stronger confirmation that factors not related to tags. Finally, we learn models using the identified evidential features for predicting the response time of questions, which also manifest the significance of tags chosen by the questioner. The process of defining the factors incorporates different steps for the analysis of documents like a social post or raw data (extraction of keywords and their matching to the related concepts) and their weighting. The concept of weighting involves different scores, such as statistical patterns and sentiment analysis which attempt to measure the proficiency of the user in the relative field. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150459
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Mahoney, James, and Gary Goertz. "A Tale of Two Cultures: Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Research." Political Analysis 14, no. 3 (2006): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpj017.
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The quantitative and qualitative research traditions can be thought of as distinct cultures marked by different values, beliefs, and norms. In this essay, we adopt this metaphor toward the end of contrasting these research traditions across 10 areas: (1) approaches to explanation, (2) conceptions of causation, (3) multivariate explanations, (4) equifinality, (5) scope and causal generalization, (6) case selection, (7) weighting observations, (8) substantively important cases, (9) lack of fit, and (10) concepts and measurement. We suggest that an appreciation of the alternative assumptions and goals of the traditions can help scholars avoid misunderstandings and contribute to more productive “cross-cultural” communication in political science.
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Safii, M. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerima Beasiswa PPA Dan BBM Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 2, no. 1 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v2i1.21.
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Improving Academic Achievement Scholarship (PPA) and Student Learning Aid (BBM) is one of the stimulus given to the government for students with the aim of motivating students to enhance the spirit of learning. In accordance with the program guidelines issued by the Directorate General of Higher Education must follow the principle of 3T is Right Target, Right Number and Timely. Computer Informatic Management Academy (AMIK) Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar is one of the private universities obtained on the scholarship quota. In accordance with the number of students currently as many as 1,400 people then the allocation of the scholarship must be selected carefully to fit the government guidelines. In this case we need a method that can support decision boosters system (DSS) in determining the grantee is using simple additive weighting method (SAW). With the basic concepts seek a weighted sum of the rating performance of each alternative on all attributes that require a decision matrix normalization process. This method can make an assessment criteria and detailed compound with a comprehensive framework considerations hierarchy process which then calculate the weights to each criterion in determining the priority recommendations of PPA and BBM scholarship recipients in accordance with the target.
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Ristono, Agus, Tri Wahyuningsih, and Ahmad Muhsin. "Comprehensive Method for Supplier Selection in the Indonesian Leather Industry Considering Sustainable Development Goals Criteria." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 2 (2024): e02994. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe02994.
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Objective: This pivotal research aims to rank raw material suppliers at an Indonesian leather company using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). It is based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) criteria selected by many decision-makers through the Delphi method, with a compromise criteria weight between Methods based on Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) II. Theoretical Framework: The global and national commitments of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to improving society's welfare, including the sustainable use of resources, are not just theoretical concepts. They are practically applied in this research to guide supplier selection in the leather industry. These criteria are then weighted using objective weighting (MEREC) and subjective weighting (SWARA) II, and the results are compromised to form the basis for evaluating suppliers using TOPSIS. Method: The proposed method in this research consists of three stages. The first stage is selecting the SDGs criteria using the Delphi method, a structured communication technique involving experts. The second stage is weighting the criteria using MEREC for objective weighting and SWARA II for subjective weighting. The third stage is supplier evaluation using TOPSIS based on the weight of the compromised criteria. Results and Discussion: The ranking of leather raw material suppliers for Indonesian leather companies is Kediri, Rembang, Jombang, Cirebon, Wonogiri, Lumajang, Cianjur, and Sidoarjo. This ranking is based on the SDGs criteria. Responsible leather sourcing, eco-friendly tanning processes, water use audits, and waste management are the SDGs' criteria for selecting suppliers in the Indonesian leather industry. Responsible leather sourcing is the only sustainability criterion more important than the price criterion. This criterion directly affects the quality of the animal skin, which is why it is rejected. Research Implications: The manager should prioritize the SDGs criteria, such as the product's significance to the organization's survival over cost and other factors, which have become secondary due to high demand. Apart from rejecting and delivery factors, management also considers responsible leather sourcing. This means that good animal care impacts the reject factor, and management prioritizes this factor. The rejection criterion must be prioritized for the production process to operate efficiently. Originality/Value: It is imperative to establish a technique for managers in the Indonesian leather sector to choose sustainability suppliers incorporating Delphi, MEREC, SWARA II, and TOPSIS.
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Díez, Francisco Javier, Manuel Arias, Jorge Pérez-Martín, and Manuel Luque. "Teaching Probabilistic Graphical Models with OpenMarkov." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (2022): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193577.
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OpenMarkov is an open-source software tool for probabilistic graphical models. It has been developed especially for medicine, but has also been used to build applications in other fields and for tuition, in more than 30 countries. In this paper we explain how to use it as a pedagogical tool to teach the main concepts of Bayesian networks and influence diagrams, such as conditional dependence and independence, d-separation, Markov blankets, explaining away, optimal policies, expected utilities, etc., and some inference algorithms: logic sampling, likelihood weighting, and arc reversal. The facilities for learning Bayesian networks interactively can be used to illustrate step by step the performance of the two basic algorithms: search-and-score and PC.
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Andriyanty, Reny, Marsadi Aras, Silvia Nur Afuani, and Amalia Nurfallah. "Strategi Pengembangan Bisnis Rumah Makan Padang Di Sekitar Lingkar Kampus IBI Kosgoro 1957." Mediastima 26, no. 1 (2020): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55122/mediastima.v26i1.1.
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The reseach purpose formulated the specific strategy for Rumah Makan Padang business development. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Data analysis techniques will be divided into three activities: 1) The input stage uses the Delphi technique, 2) the adjustment stage by weighting technique which used a reciprocal rank method and 3) The decision determination stage analyzed by the quantitative strategic planning matrix method. The recomendation strategy are: do the supply chain management with trusted suppliers, make the collaboration with the government to facilate and grant all permits related to halal, health, safety and food security accreditation, develope financing, delivery and promoting throug digital technology, innovate the menus and keep to maintaining unique building concepts and service techniques.
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Körber, Andreas. "Historical consciousness, knowledge, and competencies of historical thinking: An integrated model of historical thinking and curricular implications." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 8, no. 1 (2021): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej8.107.
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Comparative and reflection on history education across national and cultural boundaries has shown that regardless of different traditions of history education, legislative interventions and research, some questions are common to research, debate and development, albeit there are both differences and commonalities in concepts and terminology. One of the common problems is the weighting of the components “knowledge”, “historical consciousness”, and “skills” or “competencies” both as aims of history education and in their curricular interrelation with regard to progression. On the backdrop of a long standing debate around German “chronological” teaching of history, making use of some recent comparative reflections, the article discusses principles for designing non-chronological curricula focusing on sequential elaboration in all three dimensions of history learning.
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Dagher, Issam, and Hussein Al-Bazzaz. "Improving the Component-Based Face Recognition Using Enhanced Viola–Jones and Weighted Voting Technique." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2019 (April 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8234124.
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This paper enhances the recognition capabilities of the facial component-based techniques using the concepts of better Viola–Jones component detection and weighting facial components. Our method starts with enhanced Viola–Jones face component detection and cropping. The facial components are detected and cropped accurately during all pose-changing circumstances. The cropped components are represented by the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). The weight of each component was determined using a validation process. Combining these weights was done by a simple voting technique. Three public databases were used: the AT&T database, the PUT database, and the AR database. Several improvements are observed using the weighted voting recognition method presented in this paper.
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Mitchel, R. E. J. "Cancer and Low Dose Responses in vivo: Implications for Radiation Protection." Dose-Response 5, no. 4 (2007): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.07-014.mitchel.
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The Linear No Threshold (LNT) hypothesis states that ionizing radiation risk is directly proportional to dose, without a threshold. This hypothesis, along with a number of additional derived or auxiliary concepts such as radiation and tissue type weighting factors, and dose rate reduction factors, are used to calculate radiation risk estimates for humans, and are therefore fundamental for radiation protection practices. This system is based mainly on epidemiological data of cancer risk in human populations exposed to relatively high doses (above 100 mSv), with the results linearly extrapolated back to the low doses typical of current exposures. The system therefore uses dose as a surrogate for risk. There is now a large body of information indicating that, at low doses, the LNT hypothesis, along with most of the derived and auxiliary concepts, is incorrect. The use of dose as a predictor of risk needs to be re-examined and the use of dose limits, as a means of limiting risk needs to be re-evaluated. This re-evaluation could lead to large changes in radiation protection practices.
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Mitra, Soupaya, and Shankha Shubhra Goswami. "Application of Simple Average Weighting Optimization Method in the Selection of Best Desktop Computer Model." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.6.1.60-68.
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Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is one of the most emerging concepts in today’s world which enables a decision maker to select the best strategies among different available alternatives. MCDM technique helps to remove the biasness and confusion while selecting a product or process. In recent few years different MCDM methodologies finds wide area of applications in industries as well as in our daily life. In this paper, such one type of application is broadly described. One example is taken from our daily life, which is generally faced by most of the students while purchasing a desktop computer. The main objective of this paper is to select the best desktop computer models among five different models actual available in the market having different configurations. For this analysis, 100 computer users have been surveyed to know their relative preferences and choices, which of the computer specifications is most important to them. For this present analysis few numbers of criteria have been considered and also there are number of sub-criteria within each criterion (for example, the processor may be different for different models like I3, I5, I7 etc.). The MCDM methodology which is adopted for this selection process is known as Simple Average Weighting (SAW) method.
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Ramadan, Rino. "The Implementation Concept Of "Learning Style Inventory" David Kolb Based PHP On STMIK Nusa Mandiri." SinkrOn 3, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v3i2.10037.
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The concept of "Learning Style Inventory" offered David Kolb is a concept for the assessment in detecting a person's learning style. The learning process is based on the experience of having 5 cycles. 5 of them can be used as a reference for the assessment. David Kolb has created 12 questions that can already be used as a reference in making this assessment. Question by David Kolb create an outline already refers to the cycle of learning from experience. After getting answers to 12 questions before, and then we do the calculation based on a formula created by David Kolb. The formula are consists of 4 score. The first score is CE (Concentrate Experience), then the second score is AE (Active Experimentation), then the third score is RO (Reflective Observation), and the final score is AC (Abstract conceptualization). The assessment process will do is add any weighting of each question and divided based on each option. Then we add up to 12 about the nominal weighting. Having obtained in total, we then perform the detection process of learning styles based on the concept of learning styles with the reference calculation by analysis David Kolb's learning style. The concept offered David Kolb has many implemented with a variety of versions, this time the writer will try to implement this concept to the programming language PHP along with supporters other programming language. By implementing these concepts based on PHP, then the respondent can conduct the assessment process whenever and wherever
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Ek, Kristine, Alexandre Mathern, Rasmus Rempling, Petra Brinkhoff, Mats Karlsson, and Malin Norin. "Life Cycle Sustainability Performance Assessment Method for Comparison of Civil Engineering Works Design Concepts: Case Study of a Bridge." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 7909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217909.
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Standardized and transparent life cycle sustainability performance assessment methods are essential for improving the sustainability of civil engineering works. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of using a life cycle sustainability assessment method in a road bridge case study. The method is in line with requirements of relevant standards, uses life cycle assessment, life cycle costs and incomes, and environmental externalities, and applies normalization and weighting of indicators. The case study involves a short-span bridge in a design-build infrastructure project, which was selected for its generality. Two bridge design concepts are assessed and compared: a concrete slab frame bridge and a soil-steel composite bridge. Data available in the contractor’s tender phase are used. The two primary aims of this study are (1) to analyse the practical application potential of the method in carrying out transparent sustainability assessments of design concepts in the early planning and design stages, and (2) to examine the results obtained in the case study to identify indicators in different life cycle stages and elements of the civil engineering works project with the largest impacts on sustainability. The results show that the method facilitates comparisons of the life cycle sustainability performance of design concepts at the indicator and construction element levels, enabling better-informed and more impartial design decisions to be made.