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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Connective tissues Physiology"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 19 de febrero de 2022

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1

Noda, Sawako, Yoshinori Sumita, Seigo Ohba, Hideyuki Yamamoto, and Izumi Asahina. "Soft tissue engineering with micronized-gingival connective tissues." Journal of Cellular Physiology 233, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25871.

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2

Reed, RK, K. Woie, and K. Rubin. "Integrins and Control of Interstitial Fluid Pressure." Physiology 12, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1997.12.1.42.

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The present review summarizes recent information on the physiology of connective tissues, in particular, control of interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) and, thereby, interstitial volume. A combination of classic physiological techniques and techniques from cellular and molecular biology have provided new insights into control of Pif by connective tissue cells and the adhesion receptors anchoring them to structural connective tissue components.

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3

Bonnevie, Edward D., and Robert L. Mauck. "Physiology and Engineering of the Graded Interfaces of Musculoskeletal Junctions." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113.

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The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outlin

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4

Suki, Béla, Satoru Ito, Dimitrije Stamenović, Kenneth R. Lutchen, and Edward P. Ingenito. "Biomechanics of the lung parenchyma: critical roles of collagen and mechanical forces." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01087.2004.

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The biomechanical properties of connective tissues play fundamental roles in how mechanical interactions of the body with its environment produce physical forces at the cellular level. It is now recognized that mechanical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) have major regulatory effects on cellular physiology and cell-cycle kinetics that can lead to the reorganization and remodeling of the ECM. The connective tissues are composed of cells and the ECM, which includes water and a variety of biological macromolecules. The macromolecules that are most important in determi

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5

Nikoloudaki, Georgia, Sarah Brooks, Alexander P. Peidl, Dylan Tinney, and Douglas W. Hamilton. "JNK Signaling as a Key Modulator of Soft Connective Tissue Physiology, Pathology, and Healing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031015.

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In healthy individuals, the healing of soft tissues such as skin after pathological insult or post injury follows a relatively predictable and defined series of cell and molecular processes to restore tissue architecture and function(s). Healing progresses through the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling, and concomitant with re-epithelialization restores barrier function. Soft tissue healing is achieved through the spatiotemporal interplay of multiple different cell types including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells/pericytes, and kerat

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6

Borgstrom, P., L. Lindbom, K. E. Arfors, and M. Intaglietta. "Beta-adrenergic control of resistance in individual vessels in rabbit tenuissimus muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 254, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): H631—H635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.4.h631.

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The microvascular responses to topically applied isoproterenol and to epinephrine in the intact and beta-adrenoceptor-blocked microcirculation were studied in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle by direct intravital microscopy. The main feeding arterioles in this muscle supply two vascular areas, the muscle capillaries and the adjacent connective tissue. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol and epinephrine dilated the transverse arterioles that supply muscle and connective tissues, whereas their first-order side branches (terminal arterioles), which only supply the muscle capillaries, were

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7

Ault, H. K., and A. H. Hoffman. "A Composite Micromechanical Model for Connective Tissues: Part I—Theory." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895437.

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A micromechanical model has been developed to study and predict the mechanical behavior of fibrous soft tissues. The model uses the theorems of least work and minimum potential energy to predict upper and lower bounds on material behavior based on the structure and properties of tissue components. The basic model consists of a composite of crimped collagen fibers embedded in an elastic glycosaminoglycan matrix. Upper and lower bound aggregation rules predict composite material behavior under the assumptions of uniform strain and uniform stress, respectively. Input parameters consist of the com

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8

Wren, T. A. L., and D. R. Carter. "A Microstructural Model for the Tensile Constitutive and Failure Behavior of Soft Skeletal Connective Tissues." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834307.

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We propose a microstructural model for the uniaxial tensile constitutive and failure behavior of soft skeletal connective tissues. The model characterizes the tissues as two-phase composites consisting of collagen fibers embedded in ground substance. Nonlinear toe region behavior in the stress versus strain curve results from the straightening of crimped fibers and from fiber reorientation. Subsequent linear behavior results from fiber stretching affected by fiber volume fraction, collagen type, crosslink density, and fiber orientation. Finally, the tissue fails when fibers successively ruptur

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9

Trotter, JA, G. Lyons-Levy, K. Chino, TJ Koob, DR Keene, and MAL Atkinson. "The molecular design of mutable connective tissues in echinoderms." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (August 1999): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90137-x.

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10

Maas, Huub. "Significance of epimuscular myofascial force transmission under passive muscle conditions." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2018.

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In the past 20 yr, force transmission via connective tissue linkages at the muscle belly surface, called epimuscular myofascial force transmission, has been studied extensively. In this article, the effects of epimuscular linkages under passive muscle conditions are reviewed. Several animal studies that included direct (invasive) measurements of force transmission have shown that different connective tissue structures serve as an epimuscular pathway and that these tissues have sufficient stiffness, especially at supraphysiological muscle lengths and relative positions, to transmit substantial

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11

Robalino Gonzaga, Ernesto, Irene Riestra Guiance, Richard Henriquez, Gerri Mortimore, and Jan Freeman. "The Role of the Liver in Iron Homeostasis and What Goes Wrong?" Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders 5, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.v5i2.110.

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Iron is an essential mineral that is vital for growth development, normal cellular function, synthesis of hormones and connective tissue, and most importantly, serves as a component of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to body tissues. The body finely regulates the amount of circulating and stored iron within the body to maintain concentration levels within range for optimal physiologic function. Without iron, the ability for cells to participate in electron transport and energy metabolism decreases. Furthermore, hemoglobin synthesis is altered, which leads to anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to

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12

Shrive, N. G., T. C. Lam, E. Damson, and C. B. Frank. "A New Method of Measuring the Cross-Sectional Area of Connective Tissue Structures." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 110, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3108413.

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There appears to be no generally accepted method of measuring in-situ the cross-sectional area of connective tissues, particularly small ones, before mechanical testing. An instrument has therefore been devised to measure the cross-sectional area of one such tissue, the rabbit medial collateral ligament, directly and nondestructively. However, the methodology is general and could be applied to other tissues with appropriate changes in detail. The concept employed in the instrument is to measure the thickness of the tissue as a function of position along the width of the tissue. The plot obtain

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13

Egea, Gustavo, Francesc Jiménez-Altayó, and Victoria Campuzano. "Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9101013.

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Connective tissue is known to provide structural and functional “glue” properties to other tissues. It contains cellular and molecular components that are arranged in several dynamic organizations. Connective tissue is the focus of numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases. Genetic diseases of the connective tissue are minority or rare, but no less important than the nongenetic diseases. Here we review the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on the onset and/or progression of diseases that directly affect connective tissue and have a genetic origin. It is important to c

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14

Purslow, P. P., T. J. Wess, and D. W. Hukins. "Collagen orientation and molecular spacing during creep and stress-relaxation in soft connective tissues." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.1.135.

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Collagen fibres form cross-helical, cross-ply or quasi-random feltworks in extensible connective tissues; strain-induced reorientation of these networks gives rise to the non-linear mechanical properties of connective tissue at finite strains. Such tissues are also generally viscoelastic (i.e. display time-dependent properties). The hypothesis that time-dependent reorientation of collagen fibres is responsible for the viscoelasticity of such tissues is examined here using time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements during stress-relaxation and creep transients applied to rat skin and bovine i

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15

Harwood, F. L., and D. Amiel. "Differential metabolic responses of periarticular ligaments and tendon to joint immobilization." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1687.

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Parameters of collagen metabolic behavior were analyzed in the periarticular connective tissues, i.e., medial collateral ligament (MCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and patellar tendon (PT), of control and immobilized rabbit knees. Two periods of immobilization were studied: 9 and 12 wk. Collagen turnover and collagen cross-links were quantitatively assessed in the three tissues. The results showed that after 9 wk both synthesis and degradation were significantly increased in the MCL and ACL, whereas the PT showed lesser effects. After 12 wk all three tissues experienced significant loss

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16

Aspden, R. M. "Quantitative measurements of structure and composition of connective tissues from images." Bone 13, no. 1 (1992): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(92)90392-a.

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17

Hurschler, Christof, Paolo P. Provenzano, and Ray Vanderby,. "Application of a Probabilistic Microstructural Model to Determine Reference Length and Toe-to-Linear Region Transition in Fibrous Connective Tissue." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1579046.

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This study shows how a probabilistic microstructural model for fibrous connective tissue behavior can be used to objectively describe soft tissue low-load behavior. More specifically, methods to determine tissue reference length and the transition from the strain-stiffening “toe-region” to the more linear region of the stress-strain curve of fibrous connective tissues are presented. According to a microstructural model for uniaxially loaded collagenous tissues, increasingly more fibers are recruited and bear load with increased tissue elongation. Fiber recruitment is represented statistically

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18

BYRNE, MARIA. "The Mechanical Properties of the Autotomy Tissues of the Holothurian Eupentacta Quinquesemita and the Effects of Certain Physico-Chemical Agents." Journal of Experimental Biology 117, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.117.1.69.

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Evisceration in the holothurian Eupentacta quinquesemita (Selenka) results from a rapid softening of autotomy structures comprised of connective tissue. The mechanical properties of two autotomy tissues, the introvert and the retractor muscle tendon, were tested to investigate their function in the non-evisceration state and their behaviour during autotomy. The results show that these structures do not have a pre-existing mechanical weakness to account for their rapid failure during evisceration. The autotomy response was mimicked in vitro by increasing K+ concentration. The introvert exhibite

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19

Maas, Huub, and Peter A. Huijing. "Synergistic and antagonistic interactions in the rat forelimb: acute effects of coactivation." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 5 (November 2009): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2009.

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The goals of the present study were 1) to assess effects of antagonist coactivation on mechanical interactions between synergistic muscles, and 2) to quantify the extent of epimuscular myofascial force transmission between synergistic and antagonistic muscles in the rat forelimb. Connective tissues enveloping the muscle bellies in the antebrachium were left intact. Forces exerted at the distal tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), palmaris longus (PL), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscles were measured at various FCU lengths for two different stimulation protocols: 1) simultaneous stimula

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20

Que, Loretta G., Stephen P. Kantrow, Christopher P. Jenkinson, Claude A. Piantadosi, and Yuh-Chin T. Huang. "Induction of arginase isoforms in the lung during hyperoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): L96—L102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.1.l96.

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l-Arginine can be metabolized by nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) to produce NO or by arginase to produce urea andl-ornithine. In the liver, arginase (the AI isoform) is a key enzyme in the urea cycle. In extrahepatic organs including the lung, the function of arginase (the AII isoform) is less clear. Because we found that lung AII was upregulated during 100% O2exposure in preliminary experiments, we sought to characterize expression of the arginase isoforms and inducible NOS and to assess the functions of arginase in hyperoxic lung injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% O2 for

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21

Spencer, S. C., and J. W. Fabre. "Characterization of the tissue macrophage and the interstitial dendritic cell as distinct leukocytes normally resident in the connective tissue of rat heart." Journal of Experimental Medicine 171, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.171.6.1841.

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Immunohistological studies with a mouse anti-rat macrophage mAb (BMAC-5) demonstrated the presence of numerous positive cells in the interstitial connective tissues of many organs. The pattern resembled that seen with anti-MHC class II antibodies, with the striking exception that BMAC-5+ cells were rare or absent in the portal triad, the islets of Langerhans, and the kidney. Double-labeling fluorescence studies were therefore performed in rat heart using the BMAC-5 mAb in combination with rabbit antisera to pure rat class II MHC antigens and pure rat leukocyte common (CD45) antigens. The tissu

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22

Bove, G. M., and A. R. Light. "Unmyelinated nociceptors of rat paraspinal tissues." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.5.1752.

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1. We made recordings from rat dorsal root filaments to study unmyelinated afferent units (conduction velocity < or = 1.5 m/s) associated with deep paraspinal tissues of the dorsal sacrum and proximal tail. Data from 57 unmyelinated units were analyzed in 47 experiments. Receptive fields were identified in intact animals and then surgically isolated using microdissection. Units were characterized using mechanical, noxious chemical, and thermal stimuli. 2. These recordings revealed innervation of the nerve sheaths and surrounding connective tissue, muscles, tendons, and tissue apposed to the

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23

Li, Hongyi, Chongqing Yang, Kuiyuan Lu, Liyang Zhang, Jiefu Yang, Fang Wang, Dongge Liu, et al. "A long-distance fluid transport pathway within fibrous connective tissues in patients with ankle edema." Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 63, no. 4 (October 5, 2016): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ch-162057.

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24

Eisenberg, S. R., and A. J. Grodzinsky. "The Kinetics of Chemically Induced Nonequilibrium Swelling of Articular Cartilage and Corneal Stroma." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138647.

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An electromechanical model for charged, hydrated tissues is developed to predict the kinetics of changes in swelling and isometric compressive stress induced by changes in bath salt concentration. The model focuses on ionic transport as the rate limiting step in chemically modulating electrical interactions between the charged macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. The swelling response to such changes in local interaction forces is determined by the relative rates of chemical diffusion and fluid redistribution in the tissue sample. We have tested the model by comparing the experimentally

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25

EYLERS, JOHN P., and ALAN R. GREENBERG. "SWELLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE CATCH CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN HOLOTHURIAN BODY WALL." Journal of Experimental Biology 143, no. 1 (May 1, 1989): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.143.1.71.

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Swelling tests in a series of isotonic and isoionic solutions of varying calcium-tosodium ratios were conducted on isolated dermal connective tissue of the holothurian Thyonella gemmata Verrill. The tissue swelled rapidly and attained a maximum volume increase of approximately 40 % when transferred from distilled water to NaCl solution; however, the volume did not change significantly in isotonic CaCl2 solution. At Ca2+/Na+ ratios ≤0.04 the tissue swelled at its maximum rate. The rate decreased with increasing calcium concentration, until at Ca2+/Na+ ≥0.40 no detectable swelling occurred. Simi

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26

Boriek, Aladin M., Charles C. Miller, and Joseph R. Rodarte. "Muscle fiber architecture of the dog diaphragm." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.318.

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Boriek, Aladin M., Charles C. Miller III, and Joseph R. Rodarte. Muscle fiber architecture of the dog diaphragm. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 318–326, 1998.—Previous measurements of muscle thickness and length ratio of costal diaphragm insertions in the dog (A. M. Boriek and J. R. Rodarte. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 2065–2070, 1994) suggested, but did not prove, discontinuous muscle fiber architecture. We examined diaphragmatic muscle fiber architecture using morphological and histochemical methods. In 15 mongrel dogs, transverse sections along the length of the muscle fibers were analyzed morphometric

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27

Maas, Huub, Guus C. Baan, Peter A. Huijing, Can A. Yucesoy, Bart H. F. J. M. Koopman, and Henk J. Grootenboer. "The Relative Position of EDL Muscle Affects the Length of Sarcomeres Within Muscle Fibers: Experimental Results and Finite-Element Modeling." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1615619.

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Background : Effects of extramuscular connective tissues on muscle force (experimentally measured) and lengths of sarcomeres (modeled) were investigated in rat. It was hypothesized that changes of muscle-relative position affect the distribution of lengths of sarcomeres within muscle fibers. Method of approach: The position of extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) relative to intact extramuscular connective tissues of the anterior crural compartment was manipulated without changing its muscle-tendon complex length. Results: Significant effects of EDL muscle relative position on proximal and d

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28

Uchiyama, E., K. Yamakoshi, and T. Sasaki. "Measurement of Mechanical Characteristics of Tibial Periosteum and Evaluation of Local Differences." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834311.

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Stress–strain relationships of bovine tibial periosteum, harvested from anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior aspects of tibia, were successfully measured using a newly developed experimental system. Results showed a curvilinear stress–strain pattern having three regions, i.e., toe, almost linear, and rupture regions, which resembled those of biological soft tissues like ligaments, skin, etc. Tensile moduli in the toe region (Ee) and in the linear region (Ec) were obtained by linear regressional analyses. These values and the tensile strength (σt) showed clear local differences. The values

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29

Ae, Takako, Takashi Ohno, Youichiro Hattori, Tatsunori Suzuki, Kanako Hosono, Tsutomu Minamino, Takehito Sato, et al. "Role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in the facilitation of angiogenesis and the healing of gastric ulcers." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 5 (November 2010): G1139—G1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2010.

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The importance of prostaglandin E2 in various pathophysiological events emphasizes the necessity of understanding the role of PGE synthases (PGESs) in vivo. However, there has been no report on the functional relevance of microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1) to the physiological healing processes of gastric ulcers, or to angiogenesis, which is indispensable to the healing processes. In this report, we tested whether mPGES-1 plays a role in the healing of gastric ulcers and in the enhancement of angiogenesis using mPGES-1 knockout mice (mPGES-1 KO mice) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Gastric ulc

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30

Ookawara, Tomomi, Nobuo Imazeki, Osamu Matsubara, Takako Kizaki, Shuji Oh-Ishi, Chitose Nakao, Yuzo Sato, and Hideki Ohno. "Tissue distribution of immunoreactive mouse extracellular superoxide dismutase." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): C840—C847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.3.c840.

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Protein content and mRNA expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) were investigated in 16 mouse tissues. We developed a double-antibody sandwich ELISA using the affinity-purified IgG against native mouse EC-SOD. EC-SOD could be detected in all of the tissues examined (lung, kidney, testis, brown fat, liver, adrenal gland, pancreas, colon, white fat, thymus, stomach, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, ileum, and brain, in decreasing order of content measured as μg/g wet tissue). Lung showed a markedly higher value of EC-SOD than other tissues. Interestingly, white fat had a high c

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Lodhi, K. M., H. Sakaguchi, S. Hirose, S. Shibabe, and H. Hagiwara. "Perichondrial localization of ETA receptor in rat tracheal and xiphoid cartilage and in fetal rat epiphysis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): C496—C502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.2.c496.

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Autoradiographic studies using 125I-labeled endothelin-1 (ET-1) on sections of rat cartilage tissues, including the trachea, xiphisternum, and fetal rat epiphysis, revealed dense localization of endothelin receptors in the perichondrium. In contrast, the binding of ET-1 was not detected in the chondrocytes, cartilage matrix, and other connective tissues of the cartilage tissues tested. The perichondrial binding of 125I-ET-1 was completely abolished with BQ-123 [an endothelin receptor subtype A (ETA) antagonist] but not with BQ-3020 (an ETB agonist), and we demonstrated the perichondrial locali

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32

Sivakumar, Pitchumani, Lonchin Suguna, and Gowri Chandrakasan. "Molecular species of collagen in the intramuscular connective tissues of the marine crab, Scylla serrata." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 125, no. 4 (April 2000): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00167-x.

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33

Lekic, P. C., N. Pender, and C. A. G. McCulloch. "Is Fibroblast Heterogeneity Relevant To the Health, Diseases, and Treatments of Periodontal Tissues?" Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 8, no. 3 (July 1997): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411970080030201.

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There are wide variations of gene expression and strikingly different responses to extracellular signals among different fibroblast populations. This has prompted a large number of in vitro studies which suggest that fibroblasts are not homogeneous but instead comprise multiple subpopulations with extensive site-to-site and intra-site variations. Conceivably, either fibroblasts are not all created equal, or, alternatively, discrete subpopulations may emerge in development, inflammatory lesions, or wound healing. While the heterogeneous nature of cultured fibroblasts has been known for some tim

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34

Humphrey, J. D. "Remodeling of a Collagenous Tissue at Fixed Lengths." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800858.

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Mature tissues can often adapt to changes in their chemical, mechanical, or thermal environment. For example, in response to sustained increases or decreases in mechanical loads, some tissues grow and remodel so as to restore the stress or strain to its homeostatic state. Whereas most previous work addresses gross descriptors of tissue growth, this paper introduces a possible cell-mediated mechanism by which remodeling may occur in a soft connective tissue—that the kinetics of collagen deposition and degradation is similar regardless of the configuration of the body at which it occurs. The pro

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35

Doehring, Todd C., Alan D. Freed, Evelyn O. Carew, and Ivan Vesely. "Fractional Order Viscoelasticity of the Aortic Valve Cusp: An Alternative to Quasilinear Viscoelasticity." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 4 (January 21, 2005): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1933900.

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Background: Quasilinear viscoelasticity (QLV) theory has been widely and successfully used to describe the time-dependent response of connective tissues. Difficulties remain, however, particularly in material parameter estimation and sensitivities. In this study, we introduce a new alternative: the fractional order viscoelasticity (FOV) theory, which uses a fractional order integral to describe the relaxation response. FOV implies a fractal-like tissue structure, reflecting the hierarchical arrangement of collagenous tissues. Method of Approach: A one-dimensional (1-D) FOV reduced relaxation f

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36

Niklason, Laura E., and Jeffrey H. Lawson. "Bioengineered human blood vessels." Science 370, no. 6513 (October 8, 2020): eaaw8682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw8682.

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Since the advent of the vascular anastomosis by Alexis Carrel in the early 20th century, the repair and replacement of blood vessels have been key to treating acute injuries, as well as chronic atherosclerotic disease. Arteries serve diverse mechanical and biological functions, such as conducting blood to tissues, interacting with the coagulation system, and modulating resistance to blood flow. Early approaches for arterial replacement used artificial materials, which were supplanted by polymer fabrics in recent decades. With recent advances in the engineering of connective tissues, including

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Ault, H. K., and A. H. Hoffman. "A Composite Micromechanical Model for Connective Tissues: Part II—Application to Rat Tail Tendon and Joint Capsule." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895438.

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A micromechanical model of fibrous soft tissue has been developed which predicts upper and lower bounds on mechanical properties based on the structure and properties of tissue components by Ault and Hoffman [3, 4]. In this paper, two types of biological tissue are modeled and the results compared to experimental test data. The highly organized structure of rat tail tendon is modeled using the upper bound aggregation rule which predicts uniform strain behavior in the composite material. This model fits the experimental data and results in a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Applied to cat knee

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Chen, Ling, Jun Tang, Yixiao Feng, Shuman Li, Qin Xiang, Xiaoqian He, Guosheng Ren, Weiyan Peng, and Tingxiu Xiang. "ADAMTS9 is Silenced by Epigenetic Disruption in Colorectal Cancer and Inhibits Cell Growth and Metastasis by Regulating Akt/p53 Signaling." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, no. 4 (2017): 1370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485534.

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Background/Aims: ADAMTS (disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) proteins are extracellular zinc metalloproteinases that play an important role in extracellular matrix assembly and degradation, connective tissue structuring, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Multiple studies suggest that ADAMTS proteins (e.g. ADAMTS9) can act as tumor suppressors. In gastric, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas ADAMTS9 is frequently down-regulated by promoter methylation. Whether ADAMTS9 can function as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Method

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Chen, Liyang, Chaoyin Jiang, Shashi Ranjan Tiwari, Amrit Shrestha, Pengcheng Xu, Wenqing Liang, Yeqing Sun, Shisheng He, and Biao Cheng. "TGIF1 Gene Silencing in Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Improves the Tendon-to-Bone Insertion Site Regeneration." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 6 (2015): 2101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438568.

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Background/Aims: The slow healing process of tendon-to-bone junctions can be accelerated via implanted tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) with silenced transforming growth interacting factor 1 (TGIF1) gene. Tendon-to-bone insertion site is the special form of connective tissues derivatives of common connective progenitors, where TGF-β plays bidirectional effects (chondrogenic or fibrogenic) through different signaling pathways at different stages. A recent study revealed that TGF-β directly induces the chondrogenic gene Sox9. However, TGIF1 represses the expression of the cartilage master Sox9

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Zhu, Yin, Sultan Almuntashiri, Yohan Han, Xiaoyun Wang, Payaningal Somanath, and Duo Zhang. "The Roles of CCN1/CYR61 in Pulmonary Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 7810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217810.

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CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma-1), previously named CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) belongs to the CCN family of matricellular proteins. CCN1 plays critical roles in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Recent studies have extensively characterized the important physiological and pathological roles of CCN1 in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize both basic and clinical aspects of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmo

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Rebolledo, Daniela L., María José Acuña, and Enrique Brandan. "Role of Matricellular CCN Proteins in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on CCN2/CTGF and Its Regulation by Vasoactive Peptides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 5234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105234.

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The Cellular Communication Network (CCN) family of matricellular proteins comprises six proteins that share conserved structural features and play numerous biological roles. These proteins can interact with several receptors or soluble proteins, regulating cell signaling pathways in various tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, most of the six CCN family members are expressed during embryonic development or in adulthood. Their roles during the adult stage are related to the regulation of muscle mass and regeneration, maintaining vasculariza

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42

BYRNE, MARIA. "Induction of Evisceration in the Holothurian Eupentacta Quinquesemita and Evidence for the Existence of an Endogenous Evisceration Factor." Journal of Experimental Biology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.120.1.25.

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The stimuli provoking evisceration of Eupentacta quinquesemita (Selenka) and autotomy of isolated pharyngeal retractor muscle (PRM) tendons were investigated. Tendon autotomy is a two-part response involving PRM contraction and breakdown of tendon connective tissue. An evisceration factor (EF) was detected in coelomic fluid expelled during evisceration. EF was isolated in tissue extracts and the haemal system and peritoneum were sources of EF activity. Autotomy and evisceration were induced by electrical stimulation, K+ and EF, and the effect of these agents was inhibited by anaesthetics. The

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43

Aukland, K., and R. K. Reed. "Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume." Physiological Reviews 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1993.73.1.1.

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While the study of the physiochemical composition and structure of the interstitium on a molecular level is a large and important field in itself, the present review centered mainly on the functional consequences for the control of extracellular fluid volume. As pointed out in section I, a biological monitoring system for the total extracellular volume seems very unlikely because a major part of that volume is made up of multiple, separate, and functionally heterogeneous interstitial compartments. Even less likely is a selective volume control of each of these compartments by the nervous syste

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44

Fredberg, J. J., and D. Stamenovic. "On the imperfect elasticity of lung tissue." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 2408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2408.

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This paper deals with a unifying hypothesis addressed at lung tissue resistance and its responses to neurohumoral and biophysical stimuli. The hypothesis holds that dissipative and elastic processes within lung tissue are coupled at the level of the stress-bearing element. Such a description leads naturally to consideration of a readily measured attribute of organ-level dissipative behavior called lung tissue hysteresivity, eta. On preliminary analysis this attribute is found to be nearly frequency independent and numerically conserved across species. To the degree that the numerical value of

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45

Kwan, M. K., S. A. Hacker, S. L. Y. Woo, and J. S. Wayne. "The Effect of Storage on the Biomechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage—A Large Strain Study." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895440.

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The transplantation of stored shell osteochondral allografts is a potentially useful alternative to total joint replacements for the treatment of joint ailments. The maintenance of normal cartilage properties of the osteochondral allografts during storage is important for the allograft to function properly and survive in the host joint. Since articular cartilage is normally under large physiological stresses, this study was conducted to investigate the biomechanical behavior under large strain conditions of cartilage tissue stored for various time periods (i.e., 3, 7, 28, and 60 days) in tissu

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Ishida, K., P. D. Pare, J. Hards, and R. R. Schellenberg. "Mechanical properties of human bronchial smooth muscle in vitro." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1481.

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The in vitro mechanical properties of smooth muscle strips from 10 human main stem bronchi obtained immediately after pneumonectomy were evaluated. Maximal active isometric and isotonic responses were obtained at varying lengths by use of electrical field stimulation (EFS). At the length (Lmax) producing maximal force (Pmax), resting tension was very high (60.0 +/- 8.8% Pmax). Maximal fractional muscle shortening was 25.0 +/- 9.0% at a length of 75% Lmax, whereas less shortening occurred at Lmax (12.2 +/- 2.7%). The addition of increasing elastic loads produced an exponential decrease in the s

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47

Lutsenko, Svetlana, Natalie L. Barnes, Mee Y. Bartee, and Oleg Y. Dmitriev. "Function and Regulation of Human Copper-Transporting ATPases." Physiological Reviews 87, no. 3 (July 2007): 1011–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00004.2006.

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Copper-transporting ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are evolutionarily conserved polytopic membrane proteins with essential roles in human physiology. The Cu-ATPases are expressed in most tissues, and their transport activity is crucial for central nervous system development, liver function, connective tissue formation, and many other physiological processes. The loss of ATP7A or ATP7B function is associated with severe metabolic disorders, Menkes disease, and Wilson disease. In cells, the Cu-ATPases maintain intracellular copper concentration by transporting copper from the cytosol acros

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48

Sharkey, John. "Fascia and living tensegrity considerations in: lower extremity and pelvic entrapment neuropathies." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 1.2 (February 20, 2021): 7881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.254.

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Peripheral neuropathies can have a plethora of origins including physical insults resulting from connective tissue compression and entrapment. Observational investigations, using biotensegrity focused dissections, have identified site-specific fascial structures that are hypothesised to afford integrity to neurovascular structures by providing appropriate tension and compression. These myofascial structures act as site-specific fascia tuning pegs. While these ‘tuning pegs’ are capable of having a whole body impact, this paper will look specifically at the local influences on pelvis and lower l

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49

Oldmixon, E. H., J. P. Butler, and F. G. Hoppin. "Dihedral angles between alveolar septa." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.1.299.

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To determine the dihedral angle, alpha, at the characteristic three-way septal junctions of lung parenchyma, we examined photomicrographs of sections. The three angles, A, formed where three septal traces meet on section, were measured and found to range between approximately 50 and 170 degrees. Theoretical considerations predicted that the dispersion of alpha is much narrower than that of A. The mean of A and alpha is identically 120 degrees. The standard deviation of alpha was inferred from the cumulative distribution function of A. In lungs inflated to 30 cmH2O (VL30), the standard deviatio

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50

Hirose, Tatsuro, Koichi Nakazato, Hongsun Song та Naokata Ishii. "TGF-β1 and TNF-α are involved in the transcription of type I collagen α2 gene in soleus muscle atrophied by mechanical unloading". Journal of Applied Physiology 104, № 1 (січень 2008): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00463.2006.

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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hindlimb suspension (HS) on the expressions of COL1A2 (type I collagen α2 chain) mRNA and its regulatory factors, transforming growth factors (TGF)-β1, -β2, and -β3, phosphorylated Smad3, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat hindlimb muscles. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (age, 5 wk) were randomly assigned to HS for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days and control ( n = 6 for each). During the exposure to HS, COL1A2 mRNA expression decreased in the soleus muscle at day 3 and recovered to control level at day 7. The content of TNF-α, one of the negative r

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