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D'Alessandro, Roberta Anna Grazia. "Impersonal si constructions agreement and interpretation /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970646151.
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Menon, Lorena Mariel. "A contrafactualidade como efeito de sentido: o caso das construções contrafactuais das condicionais com si/se em espanhol e em português". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-03032010-114425/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende apresentar a contrafactualidade como um complexo de efeitos de sentido, a partir da análise da expressão da contrafactualidade nas condicionais com si/se em espanhol e em português. Nosso ponto de partida foram os seguintes questionamentos, embora o percurso da investigação tenha nos levado a relativizar a causatividade que encerram: Por que convivem diferentes estruturas para a expressão da contrafactualidade em espanhol e também em português? Há equivalência entre elas? Por que as línguas em estudo, apesar de possuírem recursos linguísticos análogos, apresentam configurações diferenciadas ou que, quando equiparáveis, nem sempre são equivalentes? Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa, composta de três momentos reflexivos: a) a caracterização teórica das condicionais contrafactuais, particularmente as de passado, em cada uma das línguas em estudo; b) duas análises complementares do poema Erro de português, de Oswald de Andrade: uma a partir da tradução do poema e da retomada de uma análise de entrevistas feitas em 2003, articulando logicidade e sentido; outra a partir da versão original do poema, sob o viés teórico da Semântica Histórica da Enunciação; c) a análise de uma amostra com exemplos de construções condicionais contrafactuais de passado, em espanhol e em português, à maneira de estudos de caso, visando evidenciar a interação de construções condicionais com outros elementos discursivos para a expressão de efeitos de sentido contrafactuais de passado.This masters thesis aims to present counterfactuality as a complex of effects of meaning by analyzing the expression of counterfactuality in conditionals with si/se in Spanish and Portuguese. The following questions were used as a starting point, although the course of investigation led us to relativize the causativity they contain: Why do different structures for the expression of couterfactuality coexist in Spanish and also in Portuguese? Is there any equivalence between them? Why do the languages under study, despite having analogous linguistic features, exhibit configurations that are different or that, even when commensurate, are not always equivalent? Therefore we carried out a qualitative investigation consisting of three points of reflection: a) theoretical characterization of counterfactual conditionals, particularly past conditionals, in each of the languages under study; b) two complementary analyses of the poem Erro de Português by Oswald de Andrade: one based on a translation of the poem and on a continued analysis of interviews conducted in 2003, connecting logicality and meaning, and the other based on the original version of the poem from the theoretical viewpoint of the Historical Semantics of Enunciation; c) case study-type analysis of a sample containing examples of past counterfactual conditional constructions in Spanish and Portuguese with a view to evidencing the interaction between conditional constructions and other discursive elements for the expression of past counterfactual effects of meaning.
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Repiso, Isabel. "Parlons de l'irréel : L’expression de la contrefactualité en français, en espagnol et en italien et par des apprenants hispanophones et italophones de français". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3126/document.
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Le raisonnement contrefactuel est un procès cognitif universel par lequel la réalité est comparée avec ce qui aurait pu se passer autrement (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). L'expression de la contrefactualité repose traditionnellement sur l'analyse des constructions conditionnelles si A (alors) B (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1964, Riegel et al. 1994). Le but de notre étude est de décrire l’ensemble des constructions et des moyens grammaticaux par lesquels des locuteurs natifs expriment la contrefactualité en français, en espagnol, en italien et en français langue étrangère (FLE).Notre étude est fondée sur des données conversationnelles auprès de deux groupes d'apprenants FLE – trente hispanophones et trente italophones – et de trois groupes de contrôle : français, espagnol et italien. Pour l'enquête, nous avons utilisé comme stimulus un récit présentant une chaîne causale menant à un aboutissement malheureux (Wells & Gavanski 1989). Suite à la lecture du stimulus, nous avons demandé aux participants de proposer plusieurs alternatives afin d’éviter le dénouement malheureux (tâche mutationnelle).Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les noyaux mutationnels produits par le groupe de contrôle français combinent, le plus fréquemment, un marqueur du passé et un verbe modal (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat). Les implications sémantiques de ce type de construction rendent difficile son acquisition en FLE, puisque l'apprenant doit produire un scenario alternatif lequel signifie sa propre subjectivité. L'emploi natif de ce conditionnel modalisé n'émerge que dans les variétés d'apprenant les plus avancées en termes d'immersion dans le milieu de la langue cible et d'études FLE. Nos résultats montrent que les constructions en si- ne constituent pas le moyen le plus fréquent pour parler de ce qui aurait pu se passer autrement ni en français, ni en espagnol, ni en italien. La non-prééminence des constructions conditionnelles dans l’expression de la contrefactualité devrait amener à une réflexion sur les limites de la conditionnalité en tant que procès de conceptualisation de l’irréelCounterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is compared to an imagined view of what might have been (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). The expression of counterfactuality has been traditionally analyzed from conditional sentences if P (then) Q (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). The present study aims to describe the whole constructions and grammatical devices used when speaking about counterfactual worlds by native-French, Spanish and Italian speakers and by Spanish-speakers learners and Italian learners of French.The study analyzes how 30 Spanish-instructed learners and 30 Italian-instructed learners express counterfactuality in spoken French as an L2 and by what grammatical devices counterfactuality is encoded by one native-French control group, one native Spanish-speakers control group and one native-Italian control group. Guided interviews were conducted in both L2 and L1, in random order. Participants were presented with a story that led to a particular outcome and were asked to provide alternative scenarios that prevented such an outcome to happen (mutation task). The same method was used with the control groups.The more frequent construction in the mutation cores in French is a combination of a past marker and a modal verb (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; she could have chosen her own dish). The semantic implications of this type of construction make difficult its acquisition in French L2, since the learner must construct alternative scenarios which denote, in addition, his own subjectivity. The native use of this modalized conditional merges in the most experimented Learners Varieties in terms of immersion and time of studies in French L2.Conditional constructions are not the most frequent way of encoding counterfactuality, neither for the native-French speakers nor for the Spanish and Italian speakers. The non-predominance of the if- clauses to speak about what might have been should hence a delimitation of conditionality as a conceptualization process within irreality
El razonamiento contrafactual es un proceso cognitivo en el que la realidad es comparada con lo que podría haber pasado (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). La expresión de la contrafactualidad se basa tradicionalmente en un análisis de las proposiciones condicionales si A (entonces) B (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la totalidad de construcciones y elementos gramaticales mediante los que los locutores nativos expresan la contrafactualidad en francés, español e italiano y en francés lengua extranjera (FLE).El presente estudio se basa en datos conversacionales obtenidos de dos grupos de aprendices FLE -30 hablantes de español y 30 hablantes de italiano- y de tres grupos de control: francés, español e italiano. Como estímulo hemos utilizado un texto que presenta una cadena causal que desemboca en un final desafortunado (Wells & Gavanski 1989). Tras la lectura del estímulo, hemos pedido a los participantes que propongan varias alternativas para evitar el desenlace desafortunado (tarea mutacional).Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la tendencia del francés de marcar los núcleos mutacionales mediante la combinación de una marca de pasado y de un verbo modal (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; habría podido elegir su plato ella misma). Las implicaciones semánticas de este tipo de construcción dificultan su adquisición en FLE, ya que el aprendiz debe producir un escenario alternativo que signifique su propia subjetividad. El uso de este condicional modalizado emerge en las variedades de aprendiz más experimentadas en términos de inmersión y de estudios FLE.Nuestros resultados prueban que las proposiciones condicionales no son la construcción más frecuente para hablar de lo que podría haber pasado ni en francés, ni en italiano ni en español. La no preeminencia de las condicionales introducidas por si- en la construcción de escenarios alternativos debería acarrear una reflexión sobre los límites de la condicionalidad en tanto que proceso de conceptualización de la irrealidad
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DiLeo, Daniel Robert. "Laudato Si' in the United States: Constructing a Public Theology". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107612.
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Thesis advisor: Kenneth R. HimesThis project constructs a public theology of Laudato Si' with which Catholics in the United States might shape climate change discourse, policy, and action. Chapter 1 outlines anthropogenic climate change and reviews magisterial Catholic teaching about this issue. Chapter 2 argues that the Christian church should engage with the world through both secular and faith-based language in the forms of public philosophy and public theology. Chapter 3 considers Catholic public theology in the contemporary U.S. Chapter 4 considers LS as a document of public theology and demonstrates how this document both develops Catholic public theology in the social encyclical tradition and is organized according to a modified Pastoral Circle. Chapter 5 analyzes a nationally representative public opinion survey of American adults to discern the likelihood that messages based on LS might move Americans’ climate change opinions more in line with Pope Francis’s ecological vision. Chapter 6 combines these insights with the reflections in Chapter 3 to construct an American Catholic public theology of LS that might help accordingly shape American climate change discourse, policy and action. The project thus combines theological ethics and social science to engage in applied ecological theological ethics and constructively suggest the contents of an evidence-based American Catholic public theology of LS with which the church might advance Pope Francis’s ecological vision
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Fiori, Alexandre. "O espectador de si mesmo: jogo de imagens e consciência de si em um personagem de Galdós". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-07082007-152248/.
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Depois do êxito de Cervantes, o romance na Espanha permaneceu quase dois séculos à margem de outras formas literárias até ser retomado por um de seus maiores representantes na história da literatura espanhola: Benito Pérez Galdós. Um aspecto que tem importância central no conjunto de sua obra é a construção do personagem. Fortunata y Jacinta, um de seus romances que melhor representa a escritura realista do século XIX, traz em sua estrutura a questão do processo de individualização de um personagem, Fortunata. A protagonista é apresentada na obra como um personagem-tipo representante do povo, ou mesmo de uma classe social em formação na Espanha do século XIX: o proletariado urbano. Durante grande parte de sua trajetória é um personagem espectador de si mesmo, na medida em que suas imagens são compostas por seu entorno constituído de personagens da alta e baixa burguesia, no geral protagonistas dos romances de Galdós que precederam Fortunata y Jacinta. A complexidade desse personagem se concretizará como resultado de sua assimilação das imagens objetivas de si, produzidas por distintos pontos de vista lançados pelas instâncias narrativas do romance. O ponto de apoio externo ao conhecimento objetivo de si do personagem central se constitui das diferentes perspectivas dos personagens que o rodeiam, do juízo e movimentações do narrador que se desdobra em ficcionalizador do relato, das marcas do autor na obra e da interpretação do leitorAfter Cervantes\'s achievement, the novel in Spain lagged almost two centuries behind other literary forms, until its eventual retake by one of its foremost representatives in the Spanish literary history: Benito Pérez Galdós. A feature of crucial importance in the whole of his work is character construction. Fortunata y Jacinta, one of the most representative among his novels of nineteenth-century realistic writing, brings along in its structure the question about the individualisation process of a character (Fortunata). The protagonist is portrayed in this work as a type-character representative of the people, or rather of a social class which was emerging in nineteenth-century Spain: the urban working class. During a considerable portion of her course in life she is a beholder of herself, since her images are shaped by her surroundings, which comprise characters from both the high and the low bourgeoisie, generally protagonists of novels Galdós wrote before Fortunata y Jacinta. This character\'s complexity materialises as a result of her assimilating objective images of herself produced by different viewpoints cast by the novel\'s narrative instances. The outward support for the main character\'s objective self-knowledge is made up of the diverse perspectives of the characters around her, of the opinions and movements of the narrator (who ends up becoming a fictionalizer of the account), of marks left by the author in the work and of the reader\'s interpretation
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Ballestero, de Celis Carmen. "La construction avec aunque : définition, sélection modale, traductions françaises". Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911635.
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Le but de cette thèse est la définition de la construction avec aunque, la sélection modale qui y est opérée et l'analyse de deux traductions possibles en français : la construction avec bien que et la construction avec même si. Après un examen des différentes propositions explicatives qui ont essayé de rendre compte de cette construction, il apparaît que ce qui définit une construction du type A aunque B est la présupposition d'une relation implicative sous-jacente selon laquelle la déclaration A implique l'absence de la déclaration B. La sélection modale opérée dans la proposition en aunque est expliquée au moyen de l'opposition qui s'établit en langue entre un mode de type actualisant [canto, canté, cantaré] et un mode de type inactualisant [cantaba, cantaría, cante, cantara]. Cette nouvelle description des formes du système verbal espagnol permet non seulement de fournir une explication plus simple et plus générale, mais aussi plus objective du mode qui est employé dans ce type de propositions. La traduction de celle-ci exige que l'on tienne compte de la valeur spécifique des formes verbales qui suivent aunque et de celle qu'il faut accorder en langue aux locutions conjonctives bien que et même si.
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Westin, Fredrik. "Simulation of turbocharged SI-engines - with focus on the turbine". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216.
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Dias, Rodrigues Andréia. "L’expression de l’hypothèse en français et en portugais (L1 et L2) : erreurs et développements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PA030008.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit au sein des recherches sur l’acquisition de langues étrangères. Elle vise à étudier l’acquisition de l’expression de l’hypothèse dans deux groupes d’apprenants : des francophones qui apprennent le portugais, variété brésilienne, et des lusophones (brésiliens) qui apprennent le français. Notre recherche se concentre particulièrement sur les moyens d’expression les plus employés pour exprimer une relation de causalité virtuelle (ce que nous appellerons l’hypothèse) dans la L1 et dans deux niveaux différents de la L2. Les données sont examinées dans une perspective formelle et fonctionnelle tout en s’appuyant sur une méthode fonctionnaliste. Nous nous intéressons au rôle de la langue maternelle dans l’acquisition de l’expression de l’hypothèse en langue cible. Le recueil des données orales a été conduit auprès de 90 participants, soit 45 Français et 45 Brésiliens. Pour chaque langue, nous avons eu un groupe de contrôle, un groupe de niveaux moins avancé (B1 du CECRL) et un groupe plus avancé (C1 du CECRL). Il s’agit d’un corpus pseudo-longitudinal (oral) afin de relever les traces du développement progressif dans l’acquisition de l’expression de l’hypothèse en L2. Les résultats des analyses favorisent non seulement l’étude comparative d’apprenants de niveaux différents dans deux langues différentes, mais encore leur confrontation avec les apprenants d’autres recherches menées en différentes langues, sources et cibles. L’objectif principal est de mettre en lumière les phénomènes permanents dans l’acquisition de l’expression de l’hypothèse en L2This thesis is in the field of research on foreign language acquisition. It aims to study the acquisition of the expression of hypothesis in two groups of learners: French speakers learning Portuguese, the Brazilian variety, and Portuguese speakers (Brazilians) learning French. Our research focuses in particular on the means of expression most used to express a virtual causal relationship (what we'll call the hypothesis) in L1 and in two different levels of L2. The data are examined from a formal and functional perspective, based on a functionalist method. We are interested in the role of the mother tongue in the acquisition of hypothesis expression in the target language. Oral data were collected from 90 participants, 45 French and 45 Brazilian. For each language, we had a control group, a less advanced group (CEFR B1) and a more advanced group (CEFR C1). A pseudo-longitudinal (oral) corpus was used to record the progressive development of hypothesis expression in L2. The results of the analyses not only facilitate the comparative study of learners at different levels in two different languages, but also their confrontation with learners from other research carried out in different source and target languages. The main aim is to highlight ongoing phenomena in the acquisition of hypothesis expression in L2
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Fisher, Kate School of Photovoltaic & Renewable Energy Engineering UNSW. "The pitfalls of pit contacts: electroless metallization for c-Si solar cells". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29568.
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This thesis focuses on improving the adhesion of electroless metal layers plated to pit contacts in interdigitated, backside buried contact (IBBC) solar cells. In an electrolessly plated, pit contact IBBC cell, the contact grooves are replaced with lines of pits which are interconnected by the plated metal. It is shown, however, that electroless metal layers, plated by the standard IBBC plating sequence, are not adherent on pit contact IBBC solar cells. The cause of this adhesion problem is investigated by examining the adhesive properties of each of the metal layers in the electroless metallization sequence on planar test structures. This investigation reveals that Pd activation of heavily P diffused Si impedes Ni silicide growth and that, in the absence of a silicide at the Ni/Si interface, an electrolessly plated Cu layer will cause the underlying Ni layer to peel away from the substrate. It is also found that the Ni silicidation process itself intermittently causes the unreacted Ni to spontaneously peel away from the substrate. An electroless metallization sequence that results in thick, adhesive Cu deposits on planar < 100> surfaces is developed in this thesis. It is shown that this process leads to the formation of a Ni silicide on both n- and p- type, heavily diffused surfaces. Fully plated, pit contact IBBC solar cells were not able to be fabricated during the course of this work but it is reasonable to expect that the modified plating sequence developed in this work will result in the metal layers being adhesive on these cells.
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Peršun, Marijan. "Scaling of the Silicon-on-Insulator Si and Si1-xGex p-MOSFETs". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4934.
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Two-dimensional numerical simulation was used to study the scaling properties of SOI p-MOSFETs. Based on the design criteria for the threshold voltage and DIBL, a set of design curves for different designs was developed. Data for subthreshold slope, SCE and threshold voltage sensitivity to silicon film thickness are also given. Results show that short-channel effects can be controlled by increasing the doping level or by thinning the silicon film thickness. The first approach is more effective for p+ gate design with high body doping, while the second approach is much more effective for n+ gate design with low body doping. Then+ gate design is more suited for the design of fully depleted (FD) devices since we need to keep the doping low to minimize the threshold adjustment implant dose and to use thin silicon films to control the SCE. The design of both p-MOSFET and Si 1-xGex p-MOSFET requires the implantation for the threshold voltage adjustment. The p+ gate design is more suited for the partially depleted (PD) or near-fully depleted device design since we need to use high doping for the threshold voltage adjustment and this results in large threshold voltage sensitivity to silicon film thickness for FD devices. The design of Si SOI p-MOSFET is done by properly adjusting the body doping. For the Si1-xGex SOI p-MOSFET large reduction in VTH requires large body doping. This increases the parasitic capacitances and slows down the device.
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Lo, Chi Kuen. "Construction of a surface magneto-optical Kerr polarimeter and the study of ultra thin Fe films on Si(111)". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239543.
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Aptekman, Jeanne. "De la logique à la linguistique : une étude du sens de si". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0123.
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Les conditionnels forment une part importante du questionnement de la logique sur elle-même. A travers de nombreuses réflexions sur le conditionnel matériel, la logique cherche à penser l’implication logique telle qu’elle nous apparaît intuitivement, comme un enchaînement nécessaire entre un antécédent et un conséquent. Mais ce questionnement s’est accompagné sur un questionnement sur la possibilité de traiter les conditionnels ordinaires à 1’aide du conditionnel matériel de la logique, ou des réformes qui en ont été proposées. Or, les conditionnels, que nous étudierons ici sous leur forme paradigmatique de phrases en SI, se distinguent radicalement de ce conditionnel matériel. Nous avons donc voulu sortir l’analyse des phrases en SI de cette tradition philosophico-logique pour analyser le sens de SI dans une perspective clairement sémantique. Il s’en dégage une réelle unité, qui au travers d’une grande polysémie, permet d’envisager de façon unifiée des usages souvent traités séparément. Cette analyse permet également de revenir sur le débat en psychologie du raisonnement sur les connecteurs logiquesConditionals hold an important place in logical questioning about itself. In analysing the numerous theories about material conditional. Logic attempts‘ to grasp the logical implication as it appears intuitively to us,. Wich is a necessary entailment between an antecedent and a consequent. But a the same time arise the question of the possibility of offering a treatment for ordinary conditional using the material conditional of logic or the reforms that have been proposed for it. However, the conditionals which we will/ approach here in their paradigmatic forms of SI-clauses, do not always expressed a logical entailment and these are two different questions. That is the reason why we wanted to leave aside the philosophico-logical tradition to propose an analysis of the meaning of SI in a clearly semantic prospective. Within a large polysemy, a significant unity comas out of this approach which allows us to take a fresh look at the debate in psychology of reasoning about logical connectives
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Moushumy, Nazme A. "Silver (Ag) nanoparticle based masks for the development of antireflection subwavelength structures in GaAs and Si solar cells". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/862.
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This thesis focuses on the design and development of silver nanoparticles that can be used as masks for the development of antireflection subwavelength grating (SWG) structures. We particularly investigate the impact of silver thin film thickness and the effect of annealing temperature on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of controlled size and spacing distributions. We also use these measured distributions to predict the performance of subwavelength grating structures developed using dry and isotropic etching of semiconductor substrates.
Silver (Ag) thin films of different thicknesses are deposited on Silicon (Si) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor substrates and annealed at different temperatures. Uniform nanoparticles with diameters around 200nm and spacing between nanoparticles as low as possible are our target as these parameters are suitable for the fabrication of antireflection SWG structures, having grating widths equal to the nanoparticle diameter and spacing equals to the spacing between nanoparticles. Experimental results demonstrate that by annealing the Ag thin films with different temperature profiles, it is feasible to develop Ag nanoparticles, of diameter around 200nm and spacing below 250nm, at most of the annealing temperatures investigated.
In addition, different subwavelength structures, developed by etching the Ag nanoparticles deposited on Si and GaAs substrates, are simulated using a Finite- Difference Time Domain (FDTD) software package. The simulation results show that substantial reduction in light reflection can be achieved by optimizing the height of the subwavelength structures through the control of the etching time.
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Boaventura, Cristiana Tiradentes. "\"Viver em paz com a humanidade inteira\": Infância, de Graciliano Ramos, e a construção de si". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-07012014-100125/.
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Esta tese analisa o livro Infância, de Graciliano Ramos. A leitura proposta sublinha experiências do menino no entroncamento de questões relacionadas à violência, à não violência e à expressão literária. Sustentamos que a construção das memórias contém tensões e ambiguidades presentes na articulação temporal da obra, mas ao mesmo tempo incorpora certa dimensão conciliatória como marca identitária do narrador. Investigamos como a significação de si é elaborada de forma que o sentido atribuído às experiências converge para apresentar um modo de agir e intervir no mundo que combate esteticamente em favor da paz e da cultura.This thesis analyzes the book Infância, by Gracilano Ramos. The proposed approach underlies the experiences the boy had at the junction of issues concerning violence, non-violence and literary expression. It is our understanding that the building of memories involves tensions and ambiguities which are present in the books temporal articulation, but at the same time it also incorporates a certain reconciling dimension as one of the narrators distinguishing identity marks. We investigate how the signification of the self is elaborated, so as the meaning imparted on the experiences eventually converge to introduce a way of acting and intervening in the world, aesthetically fighting in favor of peace and culture.
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Kacálek, Jaroslav. "Zkušební jednoválcový motor o výkonu 40kW". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231133.
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This diploma thesis deals with the proposal of 3D model of single SI engine designated for research purposes. The work is mainly concentrated on the construction of the engine composition that consists of crank case, crankshaft and balance unit. It contains the research of experimental engines and constructions of basic parts of standard SI engines. The aim is the proposal of all-purpose construction of crank case and the following control with the help of FEM system.
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Viegas, Ana Filipa da Mota. "As atividades lúdicas simbólicas na construção da perceção de si e dos outros: conceções e práticas das educadoras". Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6309.
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Mestrado em Educação Pré-EscolarO principal objetivo deste projeto de investigação é compreender e interpretar de que forma as atividades lúdicas simbólicas potenciam, nas crianças, a construção da perceção de si e dos outros, assim como, perceber quais as conceções e práticas que os educadores assumem relativamente a este tema. Este projeto possui a abordagem investigação-ação como método de trabalho, e tem como principal objetivo dar a conhecer o processo de interpretação das informações recolhidas nos dois contextos educativos, creche e jardim-de-infância, assim como, a intervenção realizada por mim. As principais fontes de recolha de informação são a observação participante, os inquéritos realizados às educadoras cooperantes e a análise documental. Os contextos educativos usados como objeto de estudo, inserem-se nas instituições onde foram desenvolvidos os estágios no âmbito do curso Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, sendo que, os participantes do estudo são as educadoras cooperantes que me acompanharam durante todo o estágio. Após a concretização deste projeto de investigação, posso referir que, na opinião de ambas as educadoras cooperantes atividades que participaram neste estudo, as atividades lúdicas simbólicas são consideradas como atividades fundamentais, que são muito importantes para a construção e perceção que a criança faz de si e dos outros.
The main purpose of this research project is understanding and interpreting how the symbolic play activities could potentiate, in children, the building of the perception of self and others; as perceiving the conceptions and practices that educators assume regarding this issue. This project has the investigation-action method as the working method, and the main purpose is showing the process of interpretation of information gathered in the two educational contexts, nursery and kindergarten, as well as the intervention made by me. The main information sources are participating observation, surveys conducted at cooperating teachers and documentary analysis. The educational contexts that were used as study objects, are inserted in the institutions where the stages were developed within the course Masters in Preschool Education, and the study participants are cooperating teachers who accompanied me throughout the stage. After the concretion of this research project, I can refer that, in the opinion of both cooperating teachers who participated in this study, the symbolic play activities are considered as core activities, that are very important in the construction and perception that child makes of himself and others.
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Tan, Evren. "The Effect Of Hot-deformation On Mechanical Properties And Age Hardening Characteristics Of Al-mg-si Based Wrought Aluminum Alloys". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607937/index.pdf.
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Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of heat treatable Al-Mg-Si-Cu based wrought aluminum alloys have been studied. The aim of this work was to produce fine grained, high strength alloy by adjusting processing conditions: deformation, solutionizing and aging.
First, primary characterization was carried out via SEM-EDS analyses and tensile tests. Then an extensive experimental study has been carried out on two sets of samples. The first set has been studied to determine the ideal conditions for solutionizing and aging processes by analyzing the variation of hardness with different solutionizing and aging time and temperature. The second set, have first been mechanically deformed by swaging at four different deformations and four different temperatures, then heat treated. The hardness measurements have been carried out before and after solutionizing and also after aging. Finally, recrystallization behavior has been investigated by measuring grain size before and after solutionizing treatment using image analyzer software.
The initial characterizations showed that Mg2Si and complex iron, manganese bearing intermetallics were the primary particles observed in the α
-Al matrix. Nearly 140HB hardness could be obtained with solutionizing at 530°
C and aging at 175°
C for 8 hours which was determined as the optimum treatment for obtaining peak hardness. When shaping (deformation) was concerned
strength loss was the overall outcome of any hot or cold deformation before solutionizing
which was most probably due to the destruction of the initial microstructure. Improvement in the percent elongation was the promising aspect of this application. Strength loss was increased for samples deformed at higher temperatures and higher reductions.
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Fernandez, Sara. "Si la Garonne avait voulu... étude de l'étiologie déployée dans la gestion de l'eau de la Garonne, en explorant l'herméneutique sociale qui a déterminé sa construction". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466462.
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Cette recherche explore les mécanismes par lesquels des principes méthodologiques d'interprétation et d'explication définissent des relations de causalité particulières qui ont façonné et façonnent aujourd'hui un certain discours sur la gestion de l'eau, un certain développement des sciences et des techniques de l'eau et un certain pouvoir sur l'eau. Nous nous appuyons sur un cas d'étude particulier, celui de la gestion de l'eau dans le bassin de la Garonne. Quelles relations causales ont permis de façonner les stratégies favorisant la construction d'infrastructures hydrauliques ? Quelles relations de pouvoir ont permis à ces stratégies de s'imposer ? Quels schèmes interprétatifs ont été mobilisés, quelles structures de signification ont-ils alimentées et quelles structures de domination ont-ils renforcées ou au contraire affaiblies? La réponse à ces questions exige de caractériser et de comprendre la gestion de l'eau actuelle dans le bassin de la Garonne. Un examen de l'histoire des infrastructures hydrauliques du Sud-ouest de la France, des rapports de force et des justifications qui leur ont été associés met en lumière de nombreuses reformulations paradigmatiques. Le problème de la gestion de l'eau a été successivement décrit de façons très différentes par des acteurs poursuivant chacun leurs stratégies propres. La modélisation en tant qu'outil contribue largement à produire notre représentation de la nature et de ses enjeux. Comme toute science et technologie, la modélisation et les indicateurs ont été des constructions sociales et politiques qui ont façonné la perception du problème. Enfin, les modalités d'insertion des experts au sein des divers mécanismes de prises de décision ont activement participé à ces processus. Cette recherche nous informe sur les relations intimes entre maîtrise de l'eau d'un côté et construction des sciences et des technologies de l'eau de l'autre. Les résultats nous permettent aussi de reconsidérer le problème de la pénurie d'eau. Les modèles et les indicateurs développés et promus ne sont pas des représentations objectives : ils façonnent certaines représentations et contribuent à les légitimer. Il s'agit d'actants, c'est-à-dire des entités humaines ou non, qui s'organisent, se structurent en prenant part aux controverses, et qui sont donc largement impliqués dans la construction du problème lui-même. Une constellation hydropolitique correspond à l'ensemble des acteurs et de leurs relations impliqués dans la maîtrise de l'eau, même s'ils peuvent être associés à une grande diversité d'enjeux, déployés à différentes échelles. Conceptualiser la constellation hydropolitique, impliquant des instruments, des méthodes et des acteurs particuliers demande une analyse approfondie avant de penser à des « solutions ».
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Belalia, Keltoume. "Ellipsométrie spectroscopique à modulation de phase : construction de l'appareillage et application à la caractérisation des substrats Si et GaSb et des couches d'oxydes déposées sur ces substrats". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20247.
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Notre travail a ete axe sur la realisation d'un ellipsometre a modulation de phase (240-600 nm) et son application a l'etude des couches minces et des interfaces. Le principe de cette technique optique, non destructive est l'etude de la modification de l'etat de polarisation de la lumiere apres sa reflection sur un echantillon. Nous avons rapporte les aspects theoriques de l'ellipsometrie spectroscopique: le principe de la methode, les modeles utilises (modele a substrat nu, modele a une couche, et le modele multi-couche) et la theorie du milieu effectif appliques dans le cas des melanges (la couche etant un melange de deux phases). Une description des composants optiques du dispositif experimental et du systeme d'acquisition a ete donnee ainsi que les differentes etapes suivies pour la calibration de l'appareil. D'autre part, nous avons developpe les methodes de minimisation utilisee ou elaboree pour la determination des epaisseurs, des indices et des fractions volumiques. L'application de ces methodes et les resultats obtenus sur les substrats de silicium (si) et d'antimoniure de gallium (gasb) ainsi que les couches d'oxyde natif du si et du gasb, de silice thermique sur si, d'oxyde anodique de gasb et de silice evaporee sur gasb sont egalement illustres
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Yip, Kwok-wai. "The construction of the grand canal in the Sui Dynasty : its conception and impact = Sui Dai ying jian Da Yun He de gou si yu ying xiang /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25943285.
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Padilla, Saavedra Nancy Elizabeth y Rodríguez Katherine Elizabeth Quispe. "Implementación del VDC (Virtual Design and Construction) en la etapa de planeamiento del proyecto Aloft, para minimizar la cantidad de Solicitudes de Información (SI) y No Conformidades (NC), en la etapa de ejecución". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625136.
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Las nuevas construcciones exigen un mayor nivel de planeamiento y flujo de información entre todas las áreas de producción y soporte de una obra. Es importante tener en cuenta que una buena planificación en obra conlleva a minimizar los desperdicios, re-trabajos e inconsistencias en el entregable final para el cliente. En la actualidad, la empresa GYM se encuentra en la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias de trabajo donde no solo se busque anticipar los problemas e inconvenientes que pueda suscitarse en obra, sino que a la par tengamos la visión del cliente sobre el trabajo realizado a la fecha y puedan irse mejorando las observaciones y levantando las no conformidades paralelamente al avance del proyecto. Una deficiencia encontrada dentro de los proyectos ya realizados, es la gran cantidad de Solicitud de Información (SI) que se identifican durante la construcción, estos son derivados al especialista encargado del diseño o al cliente y, en muchos casos, terminan definiendo una ruta crítica dentro del cronograma de avance de construcción y/o al dilatarse el tiempo de respuesta o nunca tenerla, derivan en toma de decisiones en campo que crean la posibilidad de rechazo ante la entrega final al cliente. Por otro lado, se encuentran un gran número de No conformidades (NC) que repercuten en el incremento de horas hombre y, por ende, en consumir gastos de levantamiento de observaciones que no se encuentran contempladas dentro del presupuesto de obra, un desperdicio de recursos (mano de obra), materiales, equipos, etc. que es importante minimizar para beneficio del proyecto.
Por ello, para minimizar estos desperdicios se plantea el uso de VDC mediante sesiones colaborativas e integradas con parte del equipo de Proyecto: Sub contratistas, Contratista principal y proveedores; el objetivo del proyecto se logrará si cada una de las partes involucradas trabaja desde la etapa de planeamiento de manera integrada. De esta manera, se logrará llegar a la etapa de ejecución con menos probabilidad de incurrir en gastos que no crear valor al entregable final.
The new constructions require a higher level of planning and information flow between all areas of production and support of work. It is important to keep in mind that a good planning on site leads to minimize waste, re-works and inconsistencies in the final applicable to the client. Currently, the company GYM is in search of new work strategies where not only can anticipate the problems and inconveniences that may arise in the work, but at the same time has the vision of the client about the work done to the date and the observations can be improved and the non-conformities parallel to the progress of the project. A shortcoming found within the projects already carried out is the large amount of Information Request (SI) that was identified during the construction, these were derived to the specialist in the design of the client and in many cases, they end up defining a critical path within the construction progress schedule and / or when the response time is extended or never, resulting in decision making in the field that creates the possibility of rejection of the final delivery to the client. On the other hand, there are a large number of non-conformities (NC) that have an impact on the increase in man-hours, therefore, in consumption of expenses for the collection of observations that are not included in the work budget, a waste of resources (workforce), materials, equipment, etc. which is important to minimize for the benefit of the project.
Therefore, to minimize this waste, the use of VDC is proposed through collaborative and integrated sessions with part of the Project team: Sub contractors, main contractor and suppliers; the objective of the project will be achieved if each of the parties involved works from the planning stage in an integrated form. In this way, it is possible to reach the execution stage with less probability of incurring expenses that do not generate value to the final deliverable.Tesis
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D'Alessandro, Roberta [Verfasser]. "Impersonal si constructions : agreement and interpretation / vorgelegt von Roberta Anna Grazia D'Alessandro". 2004. http://d-nb.info/970646151/34.
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"Novel channel materials for Si based MOS devices: Ge, strained Si and hybrid crystal orientations". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3107.
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Joshi, Sachin Vineet 1981. "Novel channel materials for Si based MOS devices : Ge, strained Si and hybrid crystal orientations". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/13292.
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Chan, Tzu-Liang. "Theoretical studies of Pb on Si(111) and Si(100), global search for H-passivated Si nanowires, and construction of highly localized quasiatomic minimal basis orbitals for Mo /". 2005.
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Tung, Chengjung y 童正容. "The Rhetorical Devices for Persuasion and the Meaning Construction in Jing Si Yu". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79802046929936205852.
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碩士靜宜大學
英國語文學系
101
According to Tzu Chi, Jing Si Yu consists of the valuable experiences and life insights in the form of wise words from Tzu Chi’s founder, Master Cheng Yen. Already in circulation for 20 years, the books have been translated into many languages and sold overseas. It has been widespread and well-liked by readers all over the world. In Jing Si Yu, rhetorical devices are found to be used very frequently. The content with simple and easy-to-comprehend language and diverse rhetorical devices closely touched on the issues of daily living is easy to comprehend, simple to remember, vivid to attract readers’ attention, practical to use, effective to initiate cognitive poetic effect, successful to satisfy readers’ preference, helpful to memorize, which make aphorisms persuasive. Also, many researchers today agree that good comprehension is vital for persuasion to occur (Batra 2009; Hovland, Janis & Kelley 1953; Stewart & Furse 1986; Eagly, Chaiken, & Wood 1981). Thus, comprehension can be regarded as one of the essential factors in achieving the effect of persuasion. Understanding the rhetoric requires a great effort to process. Hence, how these aphorisms with rhetorical devices are processed effectively and how readers obtain the sufficient cognitive effects from these texts are significant issues. The present study aims to analyze the rhetorical devices used in Jing Si Yu and to explore the reader’s inferential processes, comprehension, and interpretation regarding poeticity and emotions based on Relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986; Noveck & Sperber 2004; Forceville 2005) by looking into the series of Jing Si Yu and illustrating the excellent persuasive effects within it.
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Vojtková, Lucie. "Nemoc si nevybírá - život s "depresí"". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-304794.
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This thesis is inspired by the theory of social construction of mental illness. The work is a case study that uses the metaphor of the story and narrative analysis of interviews examining the individual human experience with mental illness. My goal was to find out what makes us understand the disease and how this understanding can be used in a daily struggle with the disease. In the theoretical part, I drew from documented knowledge about mental illness, particularly for depressive disorder and schizophrenia simplex. Then I presented the narrative approach as a legitimate way of exploring understanding of lived experience. The practical part is implemented as a case study and through narrative analysis provides interesting insight into the way of understanding and coping with mental illness a person who has the expertise and also suffer from mental illness. Key words: mental illness, social construction, narrative, narrative approach, the dominant medical discourse, depression, schizophrenia simplex, stigma, coping strategies.
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Li, Jing-Yi y 李靜怡. "Construction of a hydrophobic Si/carbon molecular sieve membrane reactor for water gas shift reaction". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91370074137826764669.
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碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
105
With high efficiency, zero-emission of carbon and variety of feed composition, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) system not only provides low-cost CCS techniques but offers hydrogen production for utilization in other processes. The water gas-shift reaction (WGSR) and gas separation system were used to enhance the H2 yield and carbon capture. Therefore, the IGCC has been recognized as a clean technique of generating coal-fired power. In order to improve the H2 yield, the catalytic carbon membrane reactors was investigated to combine WGSR and gas separation system into one system to overcome the thermodynamic limitation of WGSR by producing and separating H2 simultaneously. In this research, the tubular carbon molecular sieve membrane (CMSM) was used as membrane material for catalytic membrane reactor due to its high thermal stability, environmental tolerance and ideal H2/CO2 permselectivity, and the Al2O3 macroporous tube was used as substrate. To prepare a high performance carbon membrane for gas separation, the preparation condition of membrane including substrate pre-treatment, dip-coating condition and carbonization temperature was evaluated. As the results shown that, after a series pre-treatment of substrate (coating TiO2 intermediate layer, sintering at 800 C, grind and polish), the surface roughness of Al2O3 substrate can reduce from 793±88.52 nm to 141.6±17.51 nm, and grind and polish were the key step in reducing roughness. Further, the 10w-20s-2L(700) membrane exhibited highest perm-selectivity performance towards H2/CO2 and O2/N2 separation. The permeabilities of H2 and O2 were 55.90±11.37 barrer and 5.4±1.75 barrer, respectively. In addition, the selectivities of H2/CO2 and O2/N2 were 5.05 and 15.14, respectively. The Cu/Zn/SBA-16 catalyst synthesized by co-precipitation were used in WGSR. With the 300 C reaction temperature, 2,500 h-1 GHSV (Hourly space velocity) S/C=1.5, the CO conversion efficiency of membrane reactor could reach to 99% and the recovery of H¬¬¬2 was about 76%. However, as the S/C increasing to 2 , the H2 recovery was increased to 99 % with the CO conversation decreased to 89% due to the water vapor adsorbed on the active site. The hydrophobic Si/C membrane was further synthesized and showed good performance with S/C equal to 2. Compared to fixed-bed reactor, the performance of membrane reactor showed higher CO conversion and H¬2 recovery simultaneously. Keywords: Carbon molecular sieve membrane; Membrane reactor; Hydrophobic modification; water gas shift reaction
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Betz, Kerry Nicole. "A Novel, General Method for the Construction of C-Si Bonds by an Earth-Abundant Metal Catalyst". Thesis, 2015. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/9325/1/Senior%20Thesis%20Final%20Version.pdf.
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Compounds containing carbon-silicon (C-Si) bonds are of great interest in numerous fields, including but not limited to synthetic chemistry, organic electronics, pharmaceutical chemistry, nuclear medicine, and complex molecule synthesis. Compounds that contain C-Si bonds display useful physicochemical properties, and the C-Si bond can readily be converted into other desirable functional groups. Current methods for the creation of C-Si bonds are somewhat limited, requiring either stoichiometric pyrophoric organometallic species or highly expensive, fine-tuned precious-metal catalysts; both methods have significant limitations in terms of applicability and scope. A novel and general catalytic approach to C-Si bond construction avoiding such limitations has been developed. Herein is disclosed a new method of cross-dehydrogenative heteroaromatic C-H functionalization catalyzed by certain Earth-abundant alkali metal species that is able to access all hybridizations of carbon: sp3, sp2, and sp -hybridized carbons are all silylated in good yield under different conditions; prior to the discovery of this method, no known chemistry for C-Si bond construction was capable of accessing all hybridizations of carbon. Aromatic compounds, including heterocycles and oxygen-substituted arenes; benzylic sp3-hybridized carbons; and terminal alkynes, are directly silylated by potassium and sodium bases using hydrosilanes as the Si source, furnishing the silylated product in a single step. The overall catalysis is highly efficient: it proceeds under mild conditions, in the absence of hydrogen acceptors or other additives, and liberates dihydrogen as the sole byproduct; no competing hydrosilylation is observed. The scope of the method is broad, enabling the direct silylation of aromatic and aliphatic substrates in the presence of a wide array of valuable functional groups. Substrate classes such as nitrogen heterocycles that are challenging to activate with known transition metal catalysis strategies are functionalized in good yields by this Earth-abundant metal catalysis. Facile scalability, low cost, and excellent scope make this an attractive method for either large scale synthesis of versatile building blocks or late-stage functionalization of advanced intermediates and lead compounds. Turn-over numbers (TONs) of nearly 100 are achieved, demonstrating the remarkably high, albeit unanticipated efficiency and activity of the catalysis. The derived products readily engage in versatile transformations enabling new synthetic strategies for molecular diversification, and are useful in their own right in pharmaceutical and materials science applications.
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藍雅萍. "Constructing The Histroy of Yuan Poetry: The Commentary of "Yuan shi Xuan" by Gu Si-Li". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3yg8mj.
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zcheng, Ta-long y 鄭達隆. "The construction and testing of a UHV Scanning Tunneling Microscope and the study of the Si(111) Surface Structure". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72586149462350000489.
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碩士國立中正大學
物理研究所
86
We have constructed a new ultra high vacuum(UHV) system equipped with a scanning tunneling microscope(STM). We have used graphite and Si(111) surfaces and Si(111) surfaces to rest resolution and stability of this UHV STMsystem. For both surfaces high resolution atomic images were obtained. After the completion of the STM system, we investigated the Si(111)surface properties. As a resultof the abrupt interruption of the crystal periodicity at the surface in the surface normal direction, surfcace atoms reconstruct to minimize the surface free energy. The 7x7 reconstruction is themost stable structure for the Si(111) surface. Upon the formation of the 7x7 reconstruction, steps bunch together to allow the growth of large area 7x7 structure. By taking the line profiles of the STM images, we have studied the dependence of the terrace width on surface miscut angle. We have also investigted the relation between the terrace width and the width of the step bunching region.
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Karenova, Kristyna. "Contraintes syntaxiques et sémantiques sur l'intensification implicite: un cas non standard de la construction intensive de conséquence". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43613.
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Cette these porte sur differents aspects syntaxiques et semantiques de l'intensification implicite dans une construction du francais non standard du type "Marie est belle qu'on en reste ebahi". Cette construction se caracterise par la presence d'un modificateur propositionnel (la prop-que) jouant le role d'un evaluateur de mesures extremes liees au predicat de la proposition matrice ("belle"). Ce modificateur opere sur des echelles de mesures et delimite la mesure reelle en la mettant en rapport avec la consequence qu'il exprime. Comme ce type d'evaluation correlative definit aussi la construction intensive de consequence (CIC), ou l'intensification est lexicalement realisée par les marqueurs d'intensité "tellement", "si", etc., nous proposons que la construction non standard represente un type implicite de la CIC. La CIC-implicite constitue un nouvel objet d'etude pour la description et la formalisation dans le cadre de la grammaire generative (Chomsky 1993, 1995, 2000). L'objectif principal de cette these est de fournir une description detaillee des comportements de la CIC-implicite, d'identifier les contraintes qui la regissent et de proposer un lien derivationnel entre cette derniere et la CIC-explicite. Une comparaison systematique des proprietes des deux CIC montre que les realisations de la CIC-implicite sont plus restreintes. Les restrictions incluent, entre autres, l'impossibilite de l'enchassement par un verbe factif et l'absence de la force interrogative. Une ligne directe peut etre etablie entre les differentes restrictions en termes de la notion pragmatique d'assertion et de la presence du locuteur. Notre derivation de la CIC-implicite, basee sur l'analyse de la CIC-explicite par association tardive proposee par Bhatt et Pancheva (2004, 2007), formalise la notion d'assertion au niveau de la peripherie gauche avec une projection dediee (Haegeman 2006 ; Speas et Tenny 2003). Cette projection, ainsi que l'association de la prop-que modificatrice, permettent d'interpreter et de legitimer la categorie vide qui realise l'intensification dans la CIC-implicite.