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Gautam, Pratiksha y Hemraj Saini. "Non-Trivial Software Clone Detection Using Program Dependency Graph". International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 8, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2017040101.
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Code clones are copied fragments that occur at different levels of abstraction and may have different origins in a software system. This article presents an approach which shows the significant parts of source code. Further, by using significant parts of a source code, a control flow graph can be generated. This control flow graph represents the statements of a code/program in the form of basic blocks or nodes and the edges represent the control flow between those basic blocks. A hybrid approach, named the Program Dependence Graph (PDG) is also presented in this article for the detection of non-trivial code clones. The program dependency graph approach consists of two approaches as a control dependency graph and a data dependency graph. The control dependency graph is generated by using a control flow graph. This article proposes an approach which can easily generate control flow graphs and by using control flow graph and reduced flowgraph approach, the trivial software clone, a similar textual structure, can be detected.The proposed approach is based on a tokenization concept.
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NAKAI, Satoru y Akio NODA. "Sequence Control Program Analysis by Directed Graph of Data Dependence". Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 50, n.º 1 (2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.50.24.
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Cytron, Ron, Jeanne Ferrante, Barry K. Rosen, Mark N. Wegman y F. Kenneth Zadeck. "Efficiently computing static single assignment form and the control dependence graph". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 13, n.º 4 (octubre de 1991): 451–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/115372.115320.
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Mikov, A. I. "Connectivity of dynamic graphs in multiply connected spaces". Informatization and communication, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-2-108-113.
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Dynamic geometric graphs are natural mathematical models of many real-world systems placed and moving in space: computer ad hoc networks, transport systems, territorial distributed systems for various purposes. An important property of such graphs is connectivity, which is difficult to maintain during movement due to the presence of obstacles on the ground. In this paper, a model of a multiply connected region with obstacles of the “city blocks” type is constructed and the behavior of the characteristics of dynamic graphs located in such domains is studied. A probabilistic approach to the study of graphs is proposed, in which their characteristics are considered as random processes. For graphs of different scales, dependences of the connectivity probability, the number of components on the parameters of a multiply connected region, and the radius of stable signal reception / transmission were found. The mathematical expectation of the number of components in the starting random geometric graph is found. The significant influence not only of geometrical parameters, but also of the topological characteristics of a multiply-connected domain has been revealed. Graphs of changes in the probability of connectedness of a dynamic graph over time are constructed on the basis of calculating the average value over the set of realizations of the random process of moving network nodes. They are characterized by a periodic component that correlates with the structure of a multiply connected region, and a component that exponentially decreases with time. The dependence of the probability of connectedness of the graph on the direction of the network displacement vector was studied, which turned out to be very significant. The results obtained give an idea of the influence of a multiply-connected domain on the dynamics of graphs, and can be used in control algorithms for mobile distributed systems to ensure their spatial connectivity.
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Medynskyi, Denys y Iryna Borets. "STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN CONDITIONS OF A SHORTAGE OF VEHICLES". EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (31 de marzo de 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001170.
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The ways to find the ways of solving the problem of optimal service for unmanned aerial vehicles in the conditions of vehicle shortage are explored. In the study of theory of optimal control and discrete optimization insufficiently explored the problem of optimal graph coverage by the chains of a fixed pattern with the help of a description system of ordinary differential equations. With the help of the graph theory investigated the optimization problem of the «Upper Cover» for unmanned aerial vehicles service in the conditions of vehicle shortage has been solved. Study of the problem relates to the mathematical dependence of transport systems. It can be used for determination of the optimal ratio between the amount of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and fuel (electricity) reserves used by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The method of solving the problem of determining the weight of the arcs of the graph and the problem of constructing a chain is based on that dependence. Part of the problem is the task of docking. The combinatorial task of choosing a set of stations for servicing points of the initial unmanned aerial vehicles dislocation is based on the dependence mentioned. Effective method for solving the problem of optimal coverage of a graph for supply chains with constraints is developed on the bases of the dependence. The proposed research methods can significantly reduce the cost of delivery of urgent goods using unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed research methods can significantly reduce the cost of delivery of urgent goods using unmanned aerial vehicles. Perspective of further researches is studying of mathematical model of optimal servicing the delivery areas in the conditions of the lack of UAV. The constraints for practical purposes must have a group-theoretical approach to solving optimization problems and be reduced for the constructing an optimal cost matrix analysis. Algebraic approach is used, when there is a need in solving a large set of similar types of optimization problems with different constraints in the right hand side only. It is possible to apply a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem of optimal UAV service. The problem means optimal coverage of a special graph with chains with restriction on the chain length
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Kuzeev, I. R., A. S. Valiev y V. Yu Pivovarov. "Influence of Alternating Current Frequency on Output Voltage at Electromagnetic Method of Metal Control". Materials Science Forum 945 (febrero de 2019): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.879.
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The equipment of oil refineries and other hazardous production facilities operate under high pressures and temperatures. Such operation conditions require continuous control and equipment remaining operation life period assessment. The existing methods of diagnostics are based on probabilistic remaining life assessment and use data regarding wall thickness variation during the operation process. The present article presents the method of accumulated damage assessment and its approximation to the limiting state, based on electromagnetic processes studying by means of eddy current control method. The main purpose of studies was determination of optimal value of input signal frequency, which could the most informative for determination of regularity of electric signal parameters change depending on the level of accumulated damages. Steel grade 09Г2С samples were used as the subject of studies. The samples were exposed to static tension under constant rate and during the process of samples deformation we measured the value of electric signal under three frequencies: 100 Hz, 10 kHz, and 1 MHz Based on the obtained results we prepared output signal voltage-relative elongation dependencies, which showed that accumulation of plastic deformations in metal leads to reduction of signal amplitude. Particularly interesting was dependence under 1 MHz frequency, under which electromagnetic processes occur in subsurface and surface layers. This dependence was of some regular nature, which was described by means of the sinusoidal function. Graph of the obtained function qualitatively describes the experimental dependence. On the basis of obtained results we can make a conclusion that optimal input signal frequency is within megahertz range, under which difference between the sinusoidal function graph and the empirical curve is minimum.
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Sun, Yu Qiang, A. Ling Yin, Xiao Kang Wang y Qiao Ying Liu. "Parallel Study of Integrated Test in Software Testing Process". Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (febrero de 2012): 2459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2459.
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With the view of the phenomenon that different test modules have significant differences in the assembly test system, and there is some dependence between these modules, through the dependence theory of the parallel technology, there is the possibility of parallelization used in the integrated test system. In this paper, we analyses various control flows of each program or relation between the modules, and then gets all kinds of dependency between these modules, at the same time transforms the dependency into control flow graph, lastly gets the dependency of actual test cases. On this basis, according to the former implementation plan in parallel research, we can arrange parallel orders of modules the integrated test system, it can effectively improve the efficiency of software testing, and greatly saves the test time.
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Sahu, Madhusmita. "Conditioned Slicing of Interprocedural Programs". International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 6, n.º 1 (enero de 2019): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2019010103.
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Program slicing is a technique to decompose programs depending on control flow and data flow amongst several lines of code in a program. Conditioned slicing is a generalization of static slicing and dynamic slicing. A variable, the desired program point, and a condition of interest form a slicing criterion for conditioned slicing. This paper proposes an approach to calculate conditioned slices for programs containing multiple procedures. The approach is termed Node-Marking Conditioned Slicing (NMCS) algorithm. In this approach, first and foremost step is to build an intermediate symbolization of a given program code and the next step is to develop an algorithm for finding out conditioned slices. The dependence graph, termed System Dependence Graph (SDG), is used to symbolize intermediate presentation. After constructing SDG, the NMCS algorithm chooses nodes that satisfy a given condition by the process of marking and unmarking. The algorithm also finds out conditioned slices for every variable at every statement during the process. NMCS algorithm employs a stack to save call context of a method. Few edges in SDG are labeled to identify the statement that calls a method. The proposed algorithm is implemented, and its performance is tested with several case study projects.
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Davydov, M. N., A. P. Lipatova y Yu S. Tkachenko. "Methods for Estimating the Actual Size of Defects Based on the Lengths of Their Frontal Images". Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, n.º 2 (9 de julio de 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-18-28.
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Purpose of research. The present paper concerns the close analysis of detecting the sizes of defects and ways of their identification. The aim is to solve the problem of rational choice of equipment, which will make it possible to fully, clearly and reliably judge the quality of the product. This is important because, depending on the material of the product, the resulting defect sizes may vary.Methods. For this purpose, this article discusses a method for determining the actual size of defects’ images in ultrasonic control of export oil pump cases made of 20GL steel grade using a flaw detector with digital-focused antenna arrays. The paper describes the main differences in the configuration of equipment that uses different techniques of image restoration, and the feasibility of applying multi-channel sensors for the control of this type parts. The design of the antenna array and phased antenna array has been considered as well as the principle of operation of sensors with phased array antenna and digital phased array antenna. The study of the cast body of export oil pump has been completed, during which defects such as “microporosity” was found. There have been identified their maximum permissible front distances and the formula to determine their actual size has been deduced. The dependence of frontal sizes of defect images on the depth of their occurrence in the product has been considered.Results. According to the obtained data, a graph of dependence of the frontal size of a defect image on the depth of occurrence has been constructed. Using this graph, it is possible to determine the maximum permissible sizes of defect images for intermiary depth, excluding calculations, which confirms the economic efficiency in the analysis of the control results using this method.Conclusion. The authors substantiate the feasibility of using equipment with phased array antenna and digital phased array antenna.
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Rus, Teodor y Eric van Wyk. "Using Model Checking in a Parallelizing Compiler". Parallel Processing Letters 08, n.º 04 (diciembre de 1998): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626498000468.
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In this paper we describe the usage of temporal logic model checking in a parallelizing compiler to analyze the structure of a source program and locate opportunities for optimization and parallelization. The source program is represented as a process graph in which the nodes are sequential processes and the edges are control and data dependence relationships between the computations at the nodes. By labeling the nodes and edges with descriptive atomic propositions and by specifying the conditions necessary for optimizations and parallelizations as temporal logic formulas, we can use a model checker to locate nodes of the process graph where particular optimizations can be made. To discover opportunities for new optimizations or modify existing ones in this parallelizing compiler, we need only specify their conditions as temporal logic formulas; we do not need to add to or modify the code of the compiler. This greatly simplifies the process of locating optimization and parallelization opportunities in the source program and makes it easier to experiment with complex optimizations. Hence, this methodology provides a convenient, concise, and formal framework in which to carry out program optimizations by compilers.
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Wang, Bin, Xiaochun Yang y Guoren Wang. "Detecting Copy Directions among Programs Using Extreme Learning Machines". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/793697.
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Because of the complexity of software development, some software developers may plagiarize source code from other projects or open source software in order to shorten development cycle. Many methods have been proposed to detect plagiarism among programs based on the program dependence graph, a graph representation of a program. However, to our best knowledge, existing works only detect similarity between programs without detecting copy direction among them. By employing extreme learning machine (ELM), we construct feature space for describing features of every two programs with possible plagiarism relationship. Such feature space could be large and time consuming, so we propose approaches to construct a small feature space by pruning isolated control statements and removable statements from each program to accelerate both training and classification time. We also analyze the features of data dependencies between any original program and its copy program, and based on it we propose a feedback framework to find a good feature space that can achieve both accuracy and efficiency. We conducted a thorough experimental study of this technique on real C programs collected from the Internet. The experimental results show the high accuracy and efficiency of our ELM-based approaches.
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Revotjuk, M. P., N. V. Khajynova, A. P. Kuznetsov y L. Y. Shilin. "Dynamic asymmetric assignment problem in open multi-agent systems". Doklady BGUIR 18, n.º 5 (2 de septiembre de 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-5-53-61.
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The purpose of the work is to develop models and algorithms for optimizing matching in dynamically generated graphs of asymmetric relations in coordinated open systems of interacting agents with centralized and collective control. The dynamic asymmetric matching optimization problem arises here as a result of a compromise approximation of the mapping of the dynamic programming method onto a stream of known open assignment problems or several traveling salesmen. However, the branching alternatives presented in this way for independent tasks do not take into account the interdependence of real relationships between agents and their tasks, including their relationship to time. Ignoring the dependence of branching alternatives leads to a delay in the moment or to a loss in the quality of assignment of tasks to coordinated agents. The main idea of the proposed implementation of the principle known for effective control is to postpone the moment the final decision is made to the latest moment, taking into account the susceptibility of the system to local changes in state variables. The interdependence of states is revealed on the basis of the analysis of the correspondence of the graph of the current matching with the optimal solution on the subgraph of perfect matching. The transition between states is implemented by the incremental version of the reoptimization algorithm for solving linear problems of assigning the shortest replenishing path using the method. The space of search states is a dynamically generated bipartite sparse graph of alternatives for a combination of agents and tasks, represented by a list of arcs. To highlight the sets of changed arcs, it is proposed to supplement the weight of the arcs with the boundaries of the stability intervals of the solution, optionally formed in the background. By default, the weight of the modified arc matches the boundary of the stability interval. On each correction cycle of the lists of agents, tasks, and their associations, subsets of elements are selected for which reconsideration of matching is required. An enhanced condition for the selection of such elements is to go beyond the boundaries of the stability interval. In this case, the asymmetry of the assignment problem is taken into account by choosing the adjacency structure for the fraction of the graph with a minimum of vertices. As a result, the reaction time of procedures for solving the assignment problem is reduced by an order of magnitude.
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Naumchyk, Pavlo y Ekaterina Novik. "DEVICE FOR EXPRESS CONTROL QUALITY ENERGY SAVING OF DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOWS". Technical Sciences and Technologies, n.º 2(16) (2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-2(16)-95-104.
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Urgency of the research. It is known that to reduce the thermal conductivity fill with argon, which has low thermal conductivity, under atmospheric pressure inside a double-glazed window, and according to State standard of Ukraine [1] the air content in a double-glazed window should not exceed 15%. Since over time, part of the molecules of argon is replaced by molecules of air, thus deterioration of the thermal insulation properties, which leads to energy and financial losses. Therefore, there is a need to check the concentration of argon in the glass units. Target setting. An important task is to produce available devices for express control quality of energy saving doubleglazed windows. The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that the electrical strength of air in conditions close to normal is approximately 1.6 times greater than that of argon. Replacing part of the molecules of argon with air molecules leads to an increase in the breakdown potentials difference. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In recent studies of methods for checking the concentration of argon in a double-glazed, it is proposed to use methods of spectral analysis, as well as physical methods of analysis, which include electrochemical processes. Among them, the GASGLASS V2 device, which can check the composition of the gas contained in the double-glazed unit, but the indicated device has a high cost (7900 €) and is difficult to use. In addition, the quality of double-glazed windows is estimated according to the method described in in State standard of Ukraine. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Thus, for the use of the device proposed by us, it is necessary to know the dependence of the electrical strength of the mixture of argon and air on the concentration of air. The formulation of the problem. Conduct research on the dependence of the electrical strength mixture of the argon and air to the concentration of air, and offer a model of a simple and affordable device for concentration of argon in the double-glazed unit. The statement of basic materials. To carry out an experimental study, we assembled an installation that includes a vacuum plate, a vacuum pump, an electroforming machine, an arrester, a voltmeter, and a balloon filled with argon. During the experiment, with the help of a caliper, it was established at which the smallest distance was the spark electrical discharge between the discharge bullets of the electroforming machine and measured the discharge voltage. It should be noted that the spark discharge between the balls of the electroforming machine occurred at a much lesser distance, than between the bullets of the arrester, which placed under the lid of the vacuum plate with argon. In total, 6 series of experiments were conducted for different concentrations. According to the data, a graph of the dependence of electrical strength on the concentration of air in argon, which can be used to calibrate the unit for assessing the quality of the double-glazed windows, was constructed. The structure and principle of the device for controlling the concentration of argon have been analyzed. It was determined that the device should contain the following parts: contact electrodes, indicator of current, a button for launching a high-voltage generator, electric discharger and the stabilizer AMS1117-3.3. Conclusions. During the experiment, the dependence of electrical strength in real-time was established with the help of theoretical and experimental research on the developed methodology, using the installation for the experiment. Also, the dependence of the spark discharge on the concentration of argon on the graph was plotted.
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Lee, Sangkyun, Piotr Sobczyk y Malgorzata Bogdan. "Structure Learning of Gaussian Markov Random Fields with False Discovery Rate Control". Symmetry 11, n.º 10 (18 de octubre de 2019): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101311.
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In this paper, we propose a new estimation procedure for discovering the structure of Gaussian Markov random fields (MRFs) with false discovery rate (FDR) control, making use of the sorted ℓ 1 -norm (SL1) regularization. A Gaussian MRF is an acyclic graph representing a multivariate Gaussian distribution, where nodes are random variables and edges represent the conditional dependence between the connected nodes. Since it is possible to learn the edge structure of Gaussian MRFs directly from data, Gaussian MRFs provide an excellent way to understand complex data by revealing the dependence structure among many inputs features, such as genes, sensors, users, documents, etc. In learning the graphical structure of Gaussian MRFs, it is desired to discover the actual edges of the underlying but unknown probabilistic graphical model—it becomes more complicated when the number of random variables (features) p increases, compared to the number of data points n. In particular, when p ≫ n , it is statistically unavoidable for any estimation procedure to include false edges. Therefore, there have been many trials to reduce the false detection of edges, in particular, using different types of regularization on the learning parameters. Our method makes use of the SL1 regularization, introduced recently for model selection in linear regression. We focus on the benefit of SL1 regularization that it can be used to control the FDR of detecting important random variables. Adapting SL1 for probabilistic graphical models, we show that SL1 can be used for the structure learning of Gaussian MRFs using our suggested procedure nsSLOPE (neighborhood selection Sorted L-One Penalized Estimation), controlling the FDR of detecting edges.
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Karanevskaia, Tatiana N. y Alexander G. Shumikhin. "MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR ALGORITHMIZATION OF PROBLEM OF MANAGEMENT OF OIL FIELD TREATMENT FACILITIES". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, n.º 2 (8 de febrero de 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6100.
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This article presents mathematical models and calculations of balances of technological processes used for the purposes of design and synthesis of process control algorithms in installations of oil field preparation. Representation of the process in the form of characteristic flow graph and adjacency matrix allows to demonstrate and simplify the calculation of material and thermal balances of multistage technological process. The comparison of the results of calculation of material balance obtained using a specialized modeling system and the equations of the main processes of oil preparation with the experimental data of the current installation is given on the example of the installation of preliminary discharge of formation water. The main reason for the high error of the results is the lack of flow and efficiency of the demulsifier in the models of calculation. The mathematical model of calculation of function of water cut at an exit from installation as the main indicator of quality of preparation of oil is developed. A function of water content was approximated by a second order equation and dependent variable controlling variables – the temperature, rate of the demulsifier and the residence time of the liquid in the apparatus. The flow rate and water content of the liquid is determined by the oil field and does not apply to variable control variables. According to the developed mathematical model, graphs of the dependence of water content on the norm of the demulsifier, the residence time of the liquid in the apparatus and temperature are constructed. The comparison of the results showed an adequate degree of comparability of the regime parameters obtained by the model with the experimental data of the current installation. The practical significance of the work lies in the preparation of recommendations on the parameters of the process, transmitted as input data for design and control system as tasks to operators and automatic controllers.
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Areias, Sérgio, Cruz da, Rangel Henriques y Sousa Pinto. "GammaPolarSlicer". Computer Science and Information Systems 8, n.º 2 (2011): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis110107006a.
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In software development, it is often desirable to reuse existing software components. This has been recognized since 1968, when Douglas Mcllroy of Bell Laboratories proposed basing the software industry on reuse. Despite the failures in practice, many efforts have been made to make this idea successful. In this context, we address the problem of reusing annotated components as a rigorous way of assuring the quality of the application under construction. We introduce the concept of caller-based slicing as a way to certify that the integration of an annotated component with a contract into a legacy system will preserve the behavior of the former. To complement the efforts done and the benefits of the slicing techniques, there is also a need to find an efficient way to visualize the annotated components and their slices. To take full profit of visualization, it is crucial to combine the visualization of the control/data flow with the textual representation of source code. To attain this objective, we extend the notion of System Dependence Graph and slicing criterion.
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Levchuk, І., O. Mysov y К. Fesenko. "Modeling of acetylene synthesis process in ChemCAD and features of SCADA connection using OPC technology". Computer Modeling: Analysis, Control, Optimization 8, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/2521-6406-2020-8-2-34-40.
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The article examines the features of constructing mathematical models in modern universal modeling programs and their further use using OPC technology in control systems for processes of chemical technology based on SCADA systems. The objective is to study the features of information exchange using OPC technology between the universal ChemCAD simulator and the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6 using the example of a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene based on a model of a continuous stirring reactor has been developed in the ChemCAD simulation software environment. The reactor was tuned and the parameters of material flows were experimentally selected. A study of the process of synthesis of acetylene was carried out according to a mathematical model, a graphical dependence of the yield of acetylene on temperature was obtained and its analysis was carried out, according to the results of which the temperature providing the maximum yield of acetylene was established. With the help of OPC technology, information exchange between the model and the control system of the acetylene synthesis process is carried out, which is based on the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6. A graphical dependence is obtained describing the transient process of the system through the acetylene output channel when using a PID controller and perturbing with a change in the task. The analysis of the transient process revealed the absence of transport lag, which is explained by the calculated nature of the control object and is impossible for a real technological process. To solve the problem, an experiment was carried out, according to the results of which a method for emulating transport lag using the functionality of the information channels of the SCADA system was proposed. The graph of the transient process of the system through the acetylene outlet channel was obtained, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method of emulation of transport delay when using external calculation models in SCADA systems. Keywords: mathematical modeling, universal modeling programs, OPC, control systems, SCADA-based control, TRACE-MODE, ChemCAD.
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Smirnov, A. I. y J. E. Shklyarskiy. "Adaptive current protection in electrical complexes with small power plants". E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126604002.
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The article considers electrical complexes with power plants of small capacity. The influence of power generation sources on short-circuit current distribution has been investigated. Reduced sensitivity of back-up current protection and dependence of current distribution on power plant capacity are revealed. Recommendations for minimizing false operation of short-circuit protection in networks with distributed power generation are proposed. An algorithm for adaptive current protection, which uses graph theory to determine the stages of selectivity of relay protection based on finding the shortest Dijkstra path and calculation of equivalent resistance in networks with multiple sources of power generation, which provides selec-tivity and sensitivity of current protection when changing the generated power of generators and the structure of the distribution network is pre-sented. The algorithm uses communication lines with a central control unit to monitor the distribution network and update the current triggering of the relay protection in accordance with changes in the structure of the power grid. The proposed system is designed so that it can respond to dynamic changes in the structure of the network and the state of operation of power plants. Simulation modeling in the Matlab/Simulink software package was performed and the results of the algorithm are presented.
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Mustafaev, M. G. "Instruments for the effective organization of production processes and their improvement during the development of radio electronics products". Radio industry 28, n.º 4 (27 de noviembre de 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2018-28-4-93-100.
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Improvement of the quality of production processes organization, shift to a new engineering level and effective use of products are associated with the improvement of production and the development of organizational processes quality control system. The purpose of the paper is to study the methods and means that allow increasing the performance of the implementation and organization of production processes for the development of radio-electronic instrument making products, as well as their improvement. It is possible to increase production efficiency and quality of manufactured products, in particular, by ensuring the processes stability, reducing the dispersion of production parameters, timely detecting deviations of production processes and eliminating their causes. This can be achieved through the use of methods for organizing inter-operation statistical analysis, control and regulation of processes using cause-and-effect analysis of product parameters relationship, which allow establishing the statistical relationship of their parameters with the modes of the production process and patterns of product parameters distribution depending on processing factors. The analysis of converters production processes was carried out and the cause-and-effect diagram was drawn up taking into account the main factors affecting the quality and percentage of usable products yield. Structure of the analysis system for monitoring production processes and its algorithm are given. The paper shows the dependence of the filming process quality on films parameters in the form of a cause-and-effect graph, as well as products manufacture progress diagram, which demonstrates the reproducibility and stability of the converters production processes. An integrated approach to the implementation of production processes, taking into account special aspects of the technology, connection of instrument parameters with processing factors, organization processes quality control, allows reducing the dispersion of product parameters, improving process stability and overall production efficiency.
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Alavash, Mohsen, Christoph Daube, Malte Wöstmann, Alex Brandmeyer y Jonas Obleser. "Large-scale network dynamics of beta-band oscillations underlie auditory perceptual decision-making". Network Neuroscience 1, n.º 2 (junio de 2017): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00009.
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Perceptual decisions vary in the speed at which we make them. Evidence suggests that translating sensory information into perceptual decisions relies on distributed interacting neural populations, with decision speed hinging on power modulations of the neural oscillations. Yet the dependence of perceptual decisions on the large-scale network organization of coupled neural oscillations has remained elusive. We measured magnetoencephalographic signals in human listeners who judged acoustic stimuli composed of carefully titrated clouds of tone sweeps. These stimuli were used in two task contexts, in which the participants judged the overall pitch or direction of the tone sweeps. We traced the large-scale network dynamics of the source-projected neural oscillations on a trial-by-trial basis using power-envelope correlations and graph-theoretical network discovery. In both tasks, faster decisions were predicted by higher segregation and lower integration of coupled beta-band (∼16–28 Hz) oscillations. We also uncovered the brain network states that promoted faster decisions in either lower-order auditory or higher-order control brain areas. Specifically, decision speed in judging the tone sweep direction critically relied on the nodal network configurations of anterior temporal, cingulate, and middle frontal cortices. Our findings suggest that global network communication during perceptual decision-making is implemented in the human brain by large-scale couplings between beta-band neural oscillations.
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Berezenko, Sergey Dmitrievich, Kseniya Vyacheslavovna Penkovskaya y Vyacheslav Ivanovich Menshikov. "Evaluating efficiency of data flow transmission in network “captain of fishing vessel - company’s designated person”". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-1-39-43.
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The article considers the effective control of the company's vessels safety in the fishing area, which depends on the rational organization of information flows in the networks of safety management systems. There has been shown a directed graph demonstrating the model of dependence on the rational organization of information flows between the captains of ships and the appointed person of the company. The information redundancy in the “captain - designee” and “designee - captain” channels is stated to lead to congestion and omissions of important fishing and navigation messages. It has been found that for a given accuracy of predicting the data of the controlled parameters of the ship's safety, as well as for the given data transfer rate, the necessary tact in transmitting the data through the communication channels of the safety management system can be accurately estimated. There are considered two versions, when the random component obeys either the normal law or the exponential distribution law. The obtained ratios are analyzed to determine the amount of information and tact in its transmission for some technical and operational parameters of the vessel in the fishing area from the captain of the vessel to the designated person of the company. It is shown that by estimating the amount of information and the necessary speed of its transmission through the communication channels of the safety management system for each vessel, it is possible to build a rational system for managing the safety of the company's vessels in the fishing area.
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Ganicheva, Antonina. "ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF SUMMANDS OF THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM". Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2020.4.01.
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The problem of estimating the number of summands of random variables for a total normal distribution law or a sample average with a normal distribution is investigated. The Central limit theorem allows us to solve many complex applied problems using the developed mathematical apparatus of the normal probability distribution. Otherwise, we would have to operate with convolutions of distributions that are explicitly calculated in rare cases. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically estimate the number of terms of the Central limit theorem necessary for the sum or sample average to have a normal probability distribution law. The article proves two theorems and two consequences of them. The method of characteristic functions is used to prove theorems. The first theorem States the conditions under which the average sample of independent terms will have a normal distribution law with a given accuracy. The corollary of the first theorem determines the normal distribution for the sum of independent random variables under the conditions of theorem 1. The second theorem defines the normal distribution conditions for the average sample of independent random variables whose mathematical expectations fall in the same interval, and whose variances also fall in the same interval. The corollary of the second theorem determines the normal distribution for the sum of independent random variables under the conditions of theorem 2. According to the formula relations proved in theorem 1, a table of the required number of terms in the Central limit theorem is calculated to ensure the specified accuracy of approximation of the distribution of the values of the sample average to the normal distribution law. A graph of this dependence is constructed. The dependence is well approximated by a polynomial of the sixth degree. The relations and proved theorems obtained in the article are simple, from the point of view of calculations, and allow controlling the testing process for evaluating students ' knowledge. They make it possible to determine the number of experts when making collective decisions in the economy and organizational management systems, to conduct optimal selective quality control of products, to carry out the necessary number of observations and reasonable diagnostics in medicine.
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Hsieh, C. Samuel, Elizabeth A. Unger y Ramon A. Mata-Toledo. "Using program dependence graphs for information flow control". Journal of Systems and Software 17, n.º 3 (marzo de 1992): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(92)90111-v.
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Shadrin, A. A., D. Y. Ivkin, E. V. Flisyuk, I. E. Smekhova, G. A. Plisko, A. A. Karpov y E. D. Semivelichenko. "Study of Lercanidipine Drug Release from Medicine in Combination with Ramipril in vitro and in vivo". Drug development & registration 8, n.º 3 (5 de septiembre de 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-3-14-20.
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Introduction. Hypertension is the most common non-infectious disease in the world. New clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with arterial hypertension are considering the issue of prescribing combination therapy and prefer fixed combinations of drugs in a single pill. The study of the pharmacokinetics of medicinal substances and the consideration of their pharmacokinetic parameters today is a necessary step in the complex of work, both in the creation of new original medicines and in the application of known generic drugs, and this is primarily due to obtaining objective characteristics of all processes occur in the body of the animal (human) with the drug. Pharmacokinetics is assessed in individual studies or as part of efficacy, safety, and tolerability studies.Aim. The study of the release of lercanidipine from bilayer tablets containing two API (ramipril and lercanidipine) in the dissolution medium used for quality control in vitro and release in vivo, after oral administration of the drug to rabbits.Materials and methods. Studies have been conducted on the release of lercanidipine from the combined drug in vitro and in vivo. As a test system were used laboratory rabbits Soviet chinchilla breed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined.Results and discussion. A graph of the release of lercanidipine from the combined drug was constructed and the dependence of the concentration of this substance in the blood plasma of rabbits on time was revealed. Calculated pharmacokinetic parameters. An in vivo release study shows that the pharmacokinetics of lercanidipine are consistent with literature data.Conclusion. The test drug has all the advantages of a rational fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs and simplifies therapy, meets the requirements of the latest clinical guidelines.
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Bahmann, Helge, Nico Reissmann, Magnus Jahre y Jan Christian Meyer. "Perfect Reconstructability of Control Flow from Demand Dependence Graphs". ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 11, n.º 4 (9 de enero de 2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2693261.
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Shchuko, A. G., D. Yu Samsonov, S. I. Zhukova, T. N. Iureva, I. M. Mikhalevich, A. V. Grigorieva y Yu S. Samsonova. "Differential Change in Retina Structure and Function in Children and Adolescents with Drusens of the Optic Nerve Disk". Ophthalmology in Russia 15, n.º 2S (28 de julio de 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-73-81.
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The first histological and clinical description of the optic nerve drusens was given in the 19th century. Then authors considered drusens as congenital pathologies, and a study of 1999 showed that drusen is not the primary pathology, but the dysplasia of the optic nerve disk and its circulation predisposes to the formation of drusen. Central vision in patients with drusens of the optic nerve disc is reduced rarely, and their diagnosis is reduced to ascertaining of the fact of having drusen without taking into account the structural and functional changes in the visual system.Purpose of the work: to identify the pattern of changes in visual functions in children and adolescents with druses of the optic nerve disk, the development and addition of classification criteria.Patients and methods. 45 children with drusens were examined, a comprehensive analysis of the visual system included a standard ophthalmological examination, a comprehensive study of visual system with ultrasound scanning, OCT and OCTA, standard automated and pulsarperimetry.Based on the results of the cluster analysis, a graph of the distribution of patients into three groups (control group and two clinical groups) was constructed, and the structural and functional state of the visual system was analyzed. Drusens in children in the second group we marked as “peripheral”, and in the third — “central”. The carried out researches have shown, that the revealed disturbances are more expressed in the third clinical group. All this determines the need to complement the clinical classification of drusens and their separation depending on the location relative to the vessels of the optic nerve disk to the central and peripheral. The compression effect of drusen is accompanied with changes in the volume of the optic nerve disc, a violation of retinal hemodynamics, damage to the neuroglia and ganglion cells, which allows treating this pathology as a progressive neuroopticopathy, and the revealed dependence of changes on the localization of druses requires supplementing the existing classification.
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Smirnov, V. V., Yu V. Yavorovsky, V. V. Sennikov y D. O. Romanov. "Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the application of thermal-hydraulic distributor with classical schemes of connecting subscribers". Vestnik IGEU, n.º 3 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.3.005-013.
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Analysis of the use of a thermo-hydraulic distributor in district heating schemes showed insufficient study of the mutual influence of the connected circuits, on which the coefficient of hydraulic stability of the heating network depends, and the lack of a comparative analysis of the efficiency of heat supply when using a scheme with a thermo-hydraulic distributor compared to widely used subscriber connection schemes. The purpose of the study is to compare the economic and energy efficiency of the proposed and existing subscriber connection schemes, which is an important task. In laboratory conditions, a wide range of studies have been carried out to study the hydraulic dependence of the contours of the thermo-hydraulic distributor among themselves. Processing of the results was carried out by the method of correlation-regression analysis and mathematical statistics. In a comparative analysis of subscriber connection schemes, methods of physical modeling of thermo-hydraulic modes were used. A comparative analysis showed that the energy efficiency of the scheme with a thermo-hydraulic distributor is higher in heating systems with non-automated subscribers, regardless of the temperature graph of the heating network. When comparing schemes with parallel connection of a hot water heater, it was found that the totality of electricity consumption for coolant circulation and fuel costs for a circuit with a thermo-hydraulic distributor turned out to be less irrespective of the temperature schedule. Statistical research methods confirmed the independence of the circuits and the normal supply of heat to the heating. New solutions have been obtained to increase the hydraulic stability of the centralized heat supply system using a thermo-hydraulic distributor at a heating point – the hydraulic stability coefficient of the heat network during all subscriber operation modes is equal to one. The results of the study can be used in the design of thermal points: the proposed heating system, the consumers of which will provide a stable hydraulic mode; existing heat supply system, the consumers of which must ensure the hydro-stable control of heat.
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Tigrek, Recep Firat. "Fault Management Based on Systems Description as Directed Graph With Absolute Dependence Relations". IEEE Systems Journal 13, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): 3687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2927404.
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Livadas, Panos E. y Theodore Johnson. "An optimal algorithm for the construction of the system dependence graph". Information Sciences 125, n.º 1-4 (junio de 2000): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(99)00030-4.
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HADZHIEV, BORISLAV, KATJA WINDT, WERNER BERGHOLZ y MARC-THORSTEN HÜTT. "A MODEL OF GRAPH COLORING DYNAMICS WITH ATTENTION WAVES AND STRATEGIC WAITING". Advances in Complex Systems 12, n.º 06 (diciembre de 2009): 549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525909002386.
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Recently, Kearns et al. [Kearns, M., Suri, S. and Montfort, N., An experimental study of the coloring problem on human subject networks, Science313 (2006) 824–827] studied the topology dependence of graph coloring dynamics. In their empirical study, the authors analyze, how a network of human subjects acting as autonomous agents performs in solving a conflict-avoidance task (the graph coloring problem) for different network architectures. A surprising result was that the run-time of the empirical dynamics decreases with the number of shortcuts in a Watts–Strogatz small-world graph. In a simulation of the dynamics based on randomly selecting color conflicts for update, they observe a strong increase of the run-time with the number of shortcuts. Here, we propose classes of strategies, which are capable of explaining the decrease in run-time with an increasing number of shortcuts. We show that the agent's strategy, the graph topology, and the complexity of the problem (essentially given by the graph's chromatic number) interact nontrivially yielding unexpected insights into the problem-solving capacity of organizational structures.
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Gurskiy, S. S. y N. S. Mogilevskaya. "On the modification of bit-flipping decoder of LDPC-codes". Advanced Engineering Research 21, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-1-96-104.
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Introduction. In all types of digital communication, error control coding techniques are used. Many digital communication standards, such as Wi-Fi and 5G, use low density parity check (LDPC) codes. These codes are popular because they provide building encoders and decoders with low computational complexity. This work objective is to increase the error correcting capability of the well-known bit-flipping decoder (BF) of LDPC-codes. For this purpose, a modification of the decoder is built, which enables to dynamically control one of its main parameters whose choice affects significantly the quality of decoding.Materials and Methods. The well-known bit-flipping decoder of binary LDPC-codes is considered. This decoder has several parameters that are not rigidly bound with the code parameters. The dependence of the decoding quality on the selection of the output parameters of the bit-flipping decoder was investigated through simulation modeling. It is shown that the decoding results in this case are significantly affected by the input parameter of the decoder — threshold T. A modification of the BF-decoder of binary LDPC-codes has been developed, in which it is proposed to set the threshold dynamically during the execution of the algorithm depending on the error rate. A comparative analysis of the error- correcting capability of decoders is carried out by the simulation modeling method.Results. A lemma on the maximum value of the decoder threshold T is formulated and proved. Upper bounds for the number of operations are found for the original and modified decoders. A simulation model that implements a digital noise-immune communication channel has been built. In the model, the initial data is encoded with a given LDPC-code, then it is made noisy by additive uniformly distributed errors, and thereafter, it is decoded in turn by the bit-flipping algorithm with different threshold T parameters, as well as by a modified decoder. Based on the input and output data, the correction capacity of the decoders used is estimated. Experiments have shown that the error-correcting capability of the modified decoder in the range of the real error rate is higher than that of the original decoder, regardless of the selection of its parameters.Discussion and Conclusions. The lemma, proved in the paper, sets the upper bound on the threshold value in the original decoder, which simplifies its adjustment. The developed modification of the decoder has a better error- correcting capability compared to the original decoder. Nevertheless, the complexity of the modification is slightly increased compared to the original algorithm. It has been pointed out that the decoding quality of a modified decoder develops with a decrease in the number of cycles in the Tanner graph and an increase in the length of the code.Keywords: LDPC-codes, error-correcting capability, dynamic threshold, binary symmetric channel, experimental research.
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Mirnenko, Volodymyr, Serhii Pustovyi, Oleg Radko y Petro Yablonskyi. "Mathematical Model of Military Equipment Products Maintenance for the Condition-Based Operation Strategy Taking Into Account Type I Errors". Journal of KONBiN 50, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2020-0016.
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AbstractFor military equipment products maintained according to the condition-based operation strategy with control of parameters a mathematical model is constructed using semi-Markov random process. The diffusion-monotonic distribution law which is inherent in mechanical type products is taken for the fault model. The model takes into account type I errors. The analytical dependence of the utilization factor on the parameters of the scale and shape of the diffusion-monotonic distribution, the of regulated maintenance periodicity, the duration of complete restoration of a sample of equipment, the reliability of its control, is established. Graphs of the dependence of the utilization factor on the given parameters of the model are shown.
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Hammer, Christian y Gregor Snelting. "Flow-sensitive, context-sensitive, and object-sensitive information flow control based on program dependence graphs". International Journal of Information Security 8, n.º 6 (27 de junio de 2009): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0086-1.
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Gao, Yuqin, Dongdong Wang, Zhenxing Zhang, Zhenzhen Ma, Zichen Guo y Liu Ye. "Analysis of Flood Risk of Urban Agglomeration Polders Using Multivariate Copula". Water 10, n.º 10 (18 de octubre de 2018): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101470.
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Urban agglomeration polders (UAPs) are often used to control flooding in eastern China. The impacts of UAPs on individual flood events have been extensively examined, but how flood risks are influenced by UAPs is much less examined. This study aimed to explore a three-dimensional joint distribution of annual flood volume, peak flow and water level to examine UAPs’ impact on flood risks based on hydrological simulations. The dependence between pairwise hydrological characteristics are measured by rank correlation coefficients and graphs. An Archimedean Copula is applied to model the dependence structure. This approach is applied to the Qinhuai River Basin where UAPs are used proactively for flood control. The result shows that the Frank Copula can better represent the dependence structure in the Qinhuai River Basin. UAPs increase risks of individual flood characteristics and integrated risks. UAPs have a relatively greater impact on water level than the other two flood characteristics. It is noted that the impact on flood risk levels off for greater floods.
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Arestova, Natalia y Irina Ryabchun. "The dynamics of the development of harmful insects on the mother planting of basic grape plants in the Rostov region". BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213404006.
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The study results on prevalence of the main harmful insects on the mother planting of the basic grape plants of the Rostov region: rose leafhopper, buffalo treehopper, tree cricket, tobacco and grape thrips, which are polyphagous phytophages, are presented. As a result of the negative impact of harmful organisms the plant normal development is disrupted. The spread and increase in the insect harmfulness in the Rostov region is facilitated by an increase in the average annual temperature to 9.5-11.6 °C in the last 10-15 years, which is the lower limit for their survival. A close direct relationship was revealed between the average annual temperature and the leafhopper and thrip harmfulness: r=0.72-0.89 and an unobvious dependence of the tree cricket harmfulness on thermal conditions (r=0.59). The phytosanitary control system in the mother planting made it possible to restrain the harmful organism development, with a harmfulness not exceeding 1.3 points for thrips and 2 points for other insects for further reproduction of practically healthy grape planting material while maintaining the status basic plants.
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Mohammadi-Ghazi, Reza, Roy E. Welsch y Oral Büyüköztürk. "Kernel dependence analysis and graph structure morphing for novelty detection with high-dimensional small size data set". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 143 (septiembre de 2020): 106775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106775.
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Kubíček, Pavel, Dalibor Bartoněk, Jiří Bureš y Otakar Švábenský. "Proposal of Technological GIS Support as Part of Resident Parking in Large Cities–Case Study, City of Brno". Symmetry 12, n.º 4 (3 de abril de 2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040542.
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Over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in people’s dependence on passenger and freight transport. As a result, traffic infrastructure is congested, especially in big city centers and, at critical times, this is to the point of traffic collapse. This has led to the need to address this situation by the progressive deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which are used to optimize traffic, to increase traffic flow, and to improve transport safety, including reduction of adverse environmental impacts. In 2018, the first results of the C-Roads Platform which is a joint initiative of European Member States and road operators for testing and implementing C-ITS services in light of cross-border harmonization and interoperability (C-ROADS) Czech Republic project were put into operation in Brno, closely related to the international initiative to support the data structure for future communication between vehicles and intelligent transport infrastructure. A system of transport organization and safety was introduced in the city of Brno, which manages key information and ensures central management of partial systems of transport organization and safety. The most important part of this system is the parking organization system discussed in this article. The main objective was to streamline the parking system in the city center of Brno and in the immediate vicinity by preventing unauthorized long-term parking, ensuring an increased number of parking places for residents and visitors by increasing the turnover of parking. The aim of the research was to investigate (i) the possibility and optimal use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology for resident parking system solutions, (ii) the integration of Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) satellite data and image data collected by cameras on the move and (iii) the possibility of using network algorithms to optimize mobile data collection planning. The aim of our study is to design and optimize the integrated collection of image data localized by satellite GNSS technologies in the GIS environment to support the resident parking system, including an evaluation of its effectiveness. To achieve this goal, a residential parking monitoring system was designed and implemented, based on dynamic monitoring of the parking state using a vehicle equipped with a digital camera system and Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) technology for measuring the vehicle position, controlled by spatial and attribute data flow from static and dynamic spatial databases in the Geographic Information System (GIS), which integrate the whole monitoring system. The control algorithm of a vehicle passing through the street network works on the basis of graph theory with a defined recurrence interval for the same route, taking into account other parameters such as the throughput of the street network at a given time, its traffic signs and the usual level of traffic density. Statistics after one year of operation show that the proposed system significantly increased the economic yield from parking areas from the original 30% to 90%, and reduced the overall violation of parking rules to only 10%. It further increased turnover and thus the possibility of short-term parking for visitors and also ensured availability of parking for residents in the historical center of Brno and surrounding monitored areas.
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DEPRETTERE, ED F., PETER HELD y PAUL WIELAGE. "MODEL AND METHODS FOR REGULAR ARRAY DESIGN". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 04, n.º 02 (junio de 1993): 133–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649300008x.
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We present a unified framework for the transformation of algorithms to architectures in the domains of high speed signal and algebraic processing. The framework starts from algorithmic specifications in a language suited for numerical analysis (such as Matlab), transforms the high level description into hierarchical and structured data flow dependence graphs, allows the designer to manipulate the graphs, to merge them, abstract them, regularize them, cluster and partition them etc… until the description of an architecture which can represent the hardware in a precise manner is obtained. A generic model for hierarchical, parametrized descriptions assures a consistent design methodology throughout. In the process, we not only generate attractive parallel architectures based on a fixed array of processing elements, but also their control and the program that has to be executed by the host processor. Because of the parametrization, the designs are "generic" and hence reusable, but they are restricted to cases where the parameters are known at "generation time".
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Shaimerdenova, K. M. "INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS AT VARIOUS HEATING PARAMETERS". Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no1/70-74.
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The study of natural minerals in the production of heat and electrical insulating materials is of particular practical interest for the study of their thermophysical characteristics. The regularities of changes in the heat capacity of minerals when heated in production and operating conditions are of particular interest. Natural minerals of wollastonite and quartz were considered as the object of research. The heat capacity of these minerals was measured in an apparatus with a three-dimensional sensor and a panel for automatic control of gas flows, when heated to the temperature of 1600ºС by the calorimetric method. Based on the experimental results, graphs of the dependence of the heat capacity of mineral samples on temperature were constructed.
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Nasyrova, Elina, Lyudmila Khramtsova, Maria Leontieva, Yuri Baiduk y Rasul Akhtyamov. "Pyrophoric deposits ignition control in steel tanks". Bulletin of scientific research results, n.º 1 (28 de marzo de 2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2019-1-50-58.
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Objective: To provide scientific justification for the choice of measures on prevention of pyrophoric deposits. Methods: Literature data analysis as well as systems analysis method was applied. Results: Pyrophoric deposits as potential sources of ignition in steel tanks are considered in the study. After the analysis of possible factors of pyrophoric deposits spontaneous ignition in steel tanks, a directed graph is constructed to represent their interrelation. Given that the growth rate of pyrophoric deposits is directly proportional to the corrosion rate of the tank material, their dependence is obtained. The rate of pyrophoric deposits formation is analyzed by means of a specific example. It is shown that the use of gas-thermal coating with aluminum or epoxy paints inside the tank reduces the rate of pyrophoric deposits formation. Based on the principle of excluding one of the factors from the «pyrophoric triangle» (Fe-S-O2), a table on the choice of measures for prevention of pyrophoric deposits ignition was developed depending on the tank life cycle. Each of the proposed activities is applicable only to a specific tank life cycle. The exclusion of Fe is possible with the use of polymer tanks and anticorrosion coating during the construction. It is possible to eliminate S only at preliminary cleaning of oil products from it. The most common and effective way is to eliminate O2, which can be achieved at all stages of the tank life cycle. Practical importance: The choice of measures in accordance with the developed table will make it possible to prevent the formation and, as a consequence, the occurrence of accidents caused by the ignition of pyrophoric deposits in steel tanks.
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Stepnov, I. M. y Yu A. Kovalchuk. "Value Chain Modeling in Digital Strategic Management". Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 5, n.º 5 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2018-5-5-6-23.
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The importance of digital strategic management development is confrmed by the growth of the information and communication sector of economy worldwide. The results of the survey of the companies digital transformation of companies nowadays show that new business models are formed on the digital platforms and are based on the processes of buying and selling not only goods and/or services but also the information about the customers themselves. The article proves that a digital platform as a technological exchange tool in modern economy provides for the intermediation processes, supporting coordination at the market and creating value added on the basis of digital cooperation. The authors develop a methodological approach to the increase of strategic management tasks effectiveness taking into account the confrmation of the needs of value added chain. This is achieved by creation of digital twins of business and technological processes which are realized on the basis of block chain technology or on the acyclic graph. Within the defned task for modeling it is technically possible to create the models which perform the operation-by-operation analysis of interaction in the value added chains. However the more effective way to model business activity is to use the process approach when a business process and a value added chain are completely identical with their digital twins. Digital twins permit to make a design and a model of value added functioning before launching a real business process which could greatly change the digital strategic management which is now still under formation. Such modeling of value added conform to market principles, and a digital platform by itself is not a replacement of the market but rather the most effective intermediary. The analysis of existing approaches reveals the following unsolved problems: frst, the absence of direct interconnection between the expenses on digitalization and the results received with the use of digital platforms, and second, information is not singled out as a separate expense category in cost accounting, management and control regardless of the considerable percentage increase of an enterprise expenses on cloud computing service and technology. The authors model the newly created value in digital environment by a) defning a service (not fnished goods) as an integrating element which is typical of digital economy; b) singling out the variants of market cooperation with the use of platforms on the basis of traditional contracts, agreements “by default”, registered users of the platforms, smart contracts; c) choosing basic parameters — investments in the capital which is aggregated by the process and the costs of operating activity participants (by technological limits) supplemented by semi fixed costs; d) using the concept of limits to represent operating activity which is sensitive to special features and proportions among separate stages of a technological process and introducing two information limits (“Data collection, storage and processing” and “Digital representation and market design”) which resulted in creation of the information and communication costs accounting object. The results of the modeling show that a coordination effect is in non-linear dependence on the share of the capital invested by the organizers of the process. This can be used in the search for optimal variants of cooperation platform design and for the investment proftability target management when forming value added chains.
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Pretorius, I. S. "The genetic improvement of grapevine cultivars and wine yeast strains: Novel approaches to the ancient art of winemaking". Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 22, n.º 1 (26 de septiembre de 2003): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v22i1.208.
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The widening gap between wine production and wine consumption, the shift of consumer preferences away from basic commodity wine to top quality wine, and the gruelling competition brought about by economic globalisation call for a total revolution in the magical world of wine. In the process of transforming the wine industry from a production-driven industry to a market-orientated enterprise, there is an increasing dependence on, amongst others, biotechnological innovation to launch the wine industry with a quantum leap across the formidable market challenges of the 21st century. Market-orientated designer grape cultivars and wine yeast strains are currently being genetically programmed with surgical precision for the cost-competitive production of high quality grapes and wine with relatively minimal resource inputs and a low environmental impact. With regard to Grapevine Biotechnology, this entails the establishment of stress tolerant and disease resistant varieties of Vitis vinifera with increased productivity, efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness, especially regarding improved pest and disease control, water use efficiency and grape quality. With regard to Wine Yeast Biotechnology, the emphasis is on the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved fermentation, processing and biopreservation abilities, and capacities for an increase in the wholesomeness and sensory quality of wine. The successful commercialisation of transgenic grape cultivars and wine yeasts depends on a number of scientific, technical, safety, ethical, legal, economic and marketing factors, and it therefore will be unwise to entertain high expectations in the short term. However, in the light of the phenomenal potential advantages of tailor-made grape varieties and yeast strains, it would be equally self-destructive in the long term if this strategically important “life insurance policy” is not taken out by the wine industry. This overview highlights the most important examples of the way in which V. vinifera grape varieties and S. cerevisiae wine yeast strains are currently being designed with surgical precision on the basis of market demand for the cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly production of healthy, top quality grapes and wine.
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Bazhenov, Viktor, Olha Pogorelova y Tetiana Postnikova. "Transient Chaos in Platform-vibrator with Shock". Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, n.º 106 (24 de mayo de 2021): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.22-40.
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Platform-vibrator with shock is widely used in the construction industry for compacting and molding large concrete products. Its mathematical model, created in our previous work, meets all the basic requirements of shock-vibration technology for the precast concrete production on low-frequency resonant platform-vibrators. This model corresponds to the two-body 2-DOF vibro-impact system with a soft impact. It is strongly nonlinear non-smooth discontinuous system. This is unusual vibro-impact system due to its specific properties. The upper body, with a very large mass, breaks away from the lower body a very short distance, and then falls down onto the soft constraint that causes a soft impact. Then it bounces and falls again, and so on. A soft impact is simulated with nonlinear Hertzian contact force. This model exhibited many unique phenomena inherent in nonlinear non-smooth dynamical systems with varying control parameters. In this paper, we demonstrate the transient chaos in a vibro-impact system. Our finding of transient chaos in platform-vibrator with shock, besides being a remarkable phenomenon by itself, provides an understanding of the dynamical processes that occur in the platform-vibrator when varying the technological mass of the mold with concrete. Phase trajectories, Poincaré maps, graphs of time series and contact forces, Fourier spectra, the largest Lyapunov exponent, and wavelet characteristics are used in numerical investigations to determine the chaotic and periodic phases of the realization. We show both the dependence of the transient chaos on the control parameter value and the sensitive dependence on the initial conditions. We hope that this analysis can help avoid undesirable platform-vibrator behaviour during design and operation due to inappropriate system parameters, since transient chaos may be a dangerous and unwanted state of a vibro-impact system.
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Mayorov, B. G. "Determination of parameters of models of signal deviation from neighboring samples by convex functions". Issues of radio electronics 49, n.º 9 (28 de octubre de 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-9-46-54.
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The paper considers the Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov theorem, the Khlistunov criterion of the greatest deviation, the corresponding deterministic formulas for finding a constant sampling interval of a signal in time and their drawbacks in traditional applications in real-time control systems. Mathematical models of the behavior of a signal or a controlled process between two adjacent samples from it along the trajectory of the greatest deviation in the form of convex functions (half-wave of a sinusoid, a power function of the modulus of time), which are free from these shortcomings, are considered. Constraints are found on the number and magnitude of the time parameters of these models, such as maximum speed, acceleration and sharpness, which are determined by analyzing the signal spectrum and the Nyquist interval. Formulas are obtained, examples of calculations and graphs are given, which illustrate the dependence of the time sampling interval on the accuracy of the linear approximation of the signal and allow increasing the number of signals processed in the system without increasing requirements for its performance.
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Ionescu, Daniela y Irina Macovei. "Enhancing the properties of some inverse opal metamaterials by the stopband control". MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817804005.
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The inverse opal structures present very good mechanical and optical properties, like high mechanical strength and Young modulus, important photoluminescence and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Enhancement of the optical properties of the metamaterials based on different types of inverse opal can be obtained by controlling the stopband of the 3D periodic structure. SiO2, TiO2 and CeO2 photonic crystals with inverse opal structures have been studied, presenting voids of 100 – 280 nm. The stopband dependence on the physical and geometrical parameters of the matrix has been analyzed (ions nature, voids diameter, photoelastic constant). The study was performed by structural simulation methods, using the HFSS program. The test configuration was set for the visible light domain. The effective refraction index n and the stimulated Brillouin scattering coefficient gP have been determined and represented on parametrical graphs. Results were compared with the theoretic calculated values. By varying different structural parameters and the stopband control, superior values of the optical parameters have been obtained, in comparison with the data given in literature. We report an increasing of the photoluminescence with about 7%, respectively and enhancement of the stimulated Brillouin scattering coefficient of 11 % when parameters are correlated.
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Parks, T. R. y H. A. Pak. "Effect of Payload on the Dynamics of a Flexible Manipulator—Modeling for Control". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1991): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896425.
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The “exact” and pole/zero transfer functions are developed for a flexible beam-like single link arm with actuator on one end and payload on the other. This model represents a broader class of actuator hub and payload mass properties than is found in prior literature. The dependence of dynamics on the hub and payload inertia characteristics are studied and graphs are provided to facilitate estimation of poles and zeroes for any similar plant. It is shown that a 10:1 reduction in fundamental frequency and substantial change in the zeroes results from variations in payload through a practical range. Payload rotary inertia is shown to cause a qualitative change in the arm tip zeroes resulting in loss of observability/controllability in some cases. Results provide insight into the two-link problem and it is shown that complex values zeroes may result if the second arm is allowed to “fold back.” Implications to plant modeling and control design are discussed including sensor placement and model order reduction issues. Analytical results are compared to those measured on an experimental arm and show very good agreement in modal frequency and shape.
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Галкина, Евгения Спиридоновна, Елена Александровна Болотянская, Владимир Владимирович Андреев, Сергей Юрьевич Белаш y Евгения Георгиевна Юрченко. "Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the development of sour rot of grape berries". Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, n.º 2(112) (18 de junio de 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2020.72.16.012.
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В последние годы на виноградниках Южного берега Крыма участились случаи потери весомой доли урожая такого ценного технического сорта винограда, как Мускат белый из-за интенсивного поражения кислой гнилью гроздей в период их созревания. С целью определения факторов биотической и абиотической природы, способствующих развитию данного заболевания и поиска наиболее эффективных способов ее контроля, в 2016-2019 годах на участке сорта Мускат белый (филиал «Ливадия» ГУП РК «ПАО «Массандра», ЮБК) была выполнена серия полевых опытов. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что основными факторами, способствующими развитию кислой гнили, являются температура воздуха, количество осадков, интенсивность поражения ягод оидиумом и повреждения их растительноядными трипсами, скорость сахаронакопления. За четыре года наблюдений в условиях Южного берега Крыма установлена сильная зависимость степени поражения ягод винограда сорта Мускат белый кислой гнилью от количества осадков за июль-сентябрь (r=0,7-0,8), степени развития оидиума (r=0,8-0,9) и повреждения кожицы ягод трипсами (r=0,6-0,7), а также от содержания сахара в соке ягод винограда (r=0,8-0,9). In recent years cases of loss of a significant share of the yield of such a valuable wine grape variety as ‘Muscat Blanc’ due to intense sour rot of bunches in the ripening period have become more frequent in vineyards of the South Coast of Crimea. In order to determine factors of biotic and abiotic nature contributing to the development of this disease, and for finding the most effective ways to control it, series of field experiments were carried out on the close of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety in 2016-2019 (Livadiya branch of FSUE PJSC Massandra, South Coast of Crimea) . As a result of the studies, it was found that the main factors contributing to the development of sour rot are air temperature, depth of rainfall, the intensity of damage to berries by oidium and affection by phytivorous thrips, and the speed of sugar accumulation. For four years of observations in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea, a strong dependence of the degree of affection of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety with sour rot on the depth of rainfall in July - September (r = 0.7-0.8), the degree of development of oidium (r = 0.8- 0.9) and damage to the skin of berries by thrips (r = 0.6-0.7), as well as on the sugar content in the juice of grape berries (r = 0.8-0.9).
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Bobyr, M. V., N. A. Milostnaya, A. E. Arkhipov y M. Yu Luneva. "ANALYSIS OF THE SPEED OF THE DEFUZZIFIER IN THE TASK OF CONTROLLING THE ROBOT-MANIPULATOR". Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, n.º 190 (abril de 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.04.pp.018-028.
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Linear, nonlinear, modified, high-speed defuzzifiers based on the area ratio method are presented in this paper. The proposed defuzzifiers are used in a fuzzy digital filter device and make it possible to ensure the additivity of the robotic manipulator control system, since traditional models do not have this property. The essence of this development is to find a crisp value of the output fuzzy variable, which in this case are the regulation coefficients of the fuzzy digital filter. Reducing the number of computational operations provides an increase in the performance of the defuzzifier. The reduction in number of computational operations is carried out by eliminating the output variable’s truncated term’s height calculation, thereby reducing the computation time. A simulation model which was implemented in the MatLab Simulink system, for a neuro-fuzzy device of the robotic arm using linear and non-linear defuzzifiers is presented. The dependence of time graphs on the angle of rotation of the joints of the robotic manipulator are compared, based on the traditional center of gravity method and the method shown in this paper. It was found that the traditional center of gravity method does not ensure the fulfillment of the specified rotation angles of the links of the robotic arm, while the proposed models of defuzzifiers have this property, which can be seen from the presented dependency graphs. The simulation model of the device was also designed as a parallel-conveyor device for implementation in the field-programmable gate array of the Xilinx Spartan 3Е family. The analysis showed that the calculation time for a crisp value with high-speed defuzzification is 130 ns, which is two orders of magnitude higher than existing models. The experiment was conducted at a frequency of 100 MHz.
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Bobyr, M. V., N. A. Milostnaya, A. E. Arkhipov y M. Yu Luneva. "ANALYSIS OF THE SPEED OF THE DEFUZZIFIER IN THE TASK OF CONTROLLING THE ROBOT-MANIPULATOR". Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, n.º 190 (abril de 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.04.pp.018-028.
Texto completoResumen
Linear, nonlinear, modified, high-speed defuzzifiers based on the area ratio method are presented in this paper. The proposed defuzzifiers are used in a fuzzy digital filter device and make it possible to ensure the additivity of the robotic manipulator control system, since traditional models do not have this property. The essence of this development is to find a crisp value of the output fuzzy variable, which in this case are the regulation coefficients of the fuzzy digital filter. Reducing the number of computational operations provides an increase in the performance of the defuzzifier. The reduction in number of computational operations is carried out by eliminating the output variable’s truncated term’s height calculation, thereby reducing the computation time. A simulation model which was implemented in the MatLab Simulink system, for a neuro-fuzzy device of the robotic arm using linear and non-linear defuzzifiers is presented. The dependence of time graphs on the angle of rotation of the joints of the robotic manipulator are compared, based on the traditional center of gravity method and the method shown in this paper. It was found that the traditional center of gravity method does not ensure the fulfillment of the specified rotation angles of the links of the robotic arm, while the proposed models of defuzzifiers have this property, which can be seen from the presented dependency graphs. The simulation model of the device was also designed as a parallel-conveyor device for implementation in the field-programmable gate array of the Xilinx Spartan 3Е family. The analysis showed that the calculation time for a crisp value with high-speed defuzzification is 130 ns, which is two orders of magnitude higher than existing models. The experiment was conducted at a frequency of 100 MHz.
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Фомина, Мария, Mariya Fomina, Владимир Коновалов, Vladimir Konovalov, Вячеслав Терюшков, Vyacheslav Teryushkov, Алексей Чупшев y Aleksey Chupshev. "THE EFFECT OF MIXING DURATION AND THE PROPORTION OF SMALLER COMPONENT FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PADDLE MIXER RUNNING WITH EXTRA BLADES". Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 2, n.º 3 (27 de julio de 2017): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17452.
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The purpose of research is justification of area efficiency of the proposed mixer with vertical shaft and paddle stirrer, the edges of the blades which are fixed sinusoidal blades. Research has shown that, by virtue of the kinetics of mixing all the mixers in the early period mixing significantly improve the quality of the mixture, after which stabilization of the quality indicators, and in some cases starts and segregation of the mixture. The nature of the change of the uniformity of the mixture is kind of exponential time mixing. In this connection there is the task of identifying areas of efficiency and opportunities the application of paddle mixer proposed design for the preparation of dry feed mixtures. Important manufacturing concentrate mixtures (compaund feeds, feed concentrates or forage medicinal mixtures) based on the purchase of BVD and your own forage. Purpose: the establishment of functional dependence between the technological parameters of the mixer (the proportion of the control component and the duration of mixing) and process performance (uneven mix and adjusted intensity of mixing taking into account the uniformity of the mixture); identifying rational values of technological parameters of the mixer, providing the desired quality mix and minimum energy intensity of mixing. It is provided the description and structural diagram mixer dry material batch. The technique is described and results of experimental studies of the mixer. It is presented the expressions describing the unevenness of the mix and the energy intensity of stirring, depending on the proportion of the control component and the duration of mixing; the required duration of mixing depending on the proportion of the control component. It is built two-dimensional section of the surface response in the studied parameters. Based on the analysis of the given graphs justifies the area efficiency of the mixer: the proportion of the control component is not less than 3%; when the portion of the control component 5% duration of mixing – 300 s, when the portion of the control component 10% the duration of the mixing – 200 s.