Bibliografías temáticas / Costa Rica – Description and travel

Índice

  1. Artículos de revistas
  2. Tesis
  3. Libros
  4. Capítulos de libros
  5. Actas de conferencias
  6. Informes

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 29 de julio de 2024

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros

Elija tipo de fuente:

Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel".

Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

VLASAK, JOSEF y ANTONIO SANTOS-SILVA. "Description of five new species of American Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)". Zootaxa 5061, n.º 3 (5 de noviembre de 2021): 476–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.4.

Texto completo
Resumen
Five new species of Acanthocinini are described: Onalcidion maculatum, from Costa Rica; Lethes x-notatus, from Costa Rica; Leptostylus indistinctus, from Costa Rica; Leptostylus guianensis, from French Guiana; and Trichotithonus thomasvlasaki, from Ecuador.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

ARIAS-PENNA, TANIA MILENA, LUBOMIR MASNER y THIBAUT DELSINNE. "Revision of the Neotropical species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae), with description of 24 new species". Zootaxa 3337, n.º 1 (7 de junio de 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3337.1.1.

Texto completo
Resumen
The hymenopteran genus Trichacis is presumed to be endoparasitoid of Cecidomyiidae. Only three species of this genuswere hitherto recognized in the Neotropical region. Here, twenty four (24) new species are described based on 145 specimens: T. acarinata (Costa Rica), T. acuminata (Bolivia), T. acuta (Colombia), T. clypeata (Costa Rica), T.colombiana (Colombia), T. concavata (Costa Rica), T. corrugata (El Salvador, Mexico), T. costaricana (Costa Rica), T.delsinnei (Costa Rica), T. depressa (Costa Rica), T. dianae (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), T. fernandezi (Ecuador), T.hansoni (Brazil, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama), T. kaulbarsi (Mexico), T. magnifica (Mexico), T. mexicana (Mexico),T. panamana (Panama), T. pecki (Ecuador), T. procera (Mexico), T. proximata (Costa Rica), T. punctata (Brazil), T.sculpturata (Mexico), T. transversata (Costa Rica), and T. triangulata (Mexico). A key for males and females of the 27 Neotropical species is provided.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

BLAHNIK, ROGER J. y RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL. "Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae)". Zootaxa 1711, n.º 1 (22 de febrero de 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1711.1.1.

Texto completo
Resumen
The genus Mexitrichia Mosely, 1937 (27 described species) is synonymized with Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906 (22 described species) and a revised generic description is provided for the genus. These species are placed in 4 recognized species groups. Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella are revised to include 6 species formerly placed in Mexitrichia and 22 new species from Costa Rica, Panama, and Mexico. New species combinations for these regional species include: Mortoniella florica (Flint, 1974), M. leroda (Mosely, 1937), M. meralda (Mosely, 1954), M. pacuara (Flint, 1974), M. rancura (Mosely, 1954), and M. rovira (Flint, 1974). New species of Mortoniella described here (followed by the country of provenance) include M. akantha (Costa Rica) M. anakantha (Costa Rica) M. aviceps (Costa Rica, Panama) M. brachyrhachos (Mexico), M. buenoi (Mexico), M. carinula (Costa Rica), M. caudicula (Costa Rica), M. falcicula (Mexico), M. mexicana (Mexico) M. munozi (Costa Rica, Panama), M. opinionis (Costa Rica), M. panamensis (Panama), M. papillata (Costa Rica), M. pectinella (Panama), M. propinqua (Costa Rica), M. redunca (Costa Rica), M. rodmani (Costa Rica), M. sicula (Costa Rica), M. stilula (Costa Rica), M. tapanti (Costa Rica, Panama), M. taurina (Costa Rica, Panama), and M. umbonata (Panama). Males of all known Mexican and Central American species are illustrated or reillustrated and a key is provided for males of the species.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Szlajfer, Feliks. "Dependencia y espacio en Costa Rica". Estudios Latinoamericanos 15 (31 de diciembre de 1992): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios1992.v15.art3.

Texto completo
Resumen
Abstract/description: The article is an analysis of the tendencies in spatial distribution of the mechanisms working in the economies that can be regarded as peripheral, or dependent. According to Szlajfer, economic mechanisms exists that influence the geography of development. The mechanisms relate to the separation of space with "autarchic" economy and area with economy that is related to foreign exchange. He presents a historical overview of economic development in Costarica as an example of such mechanism. Short description written by Michał Gilewski
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Carlos Vargas, Juan. "Frank Vincent's in and out of Central America: a traveler's vision of Costa Rica in the 1890s". Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 32, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2007): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v32i1.4333.

Texto completo
Resumen
En 1890, Frank Vincent publicó un libro acerca de Centroamérica titulado In and Out of Central America and Other Sketches and Studies of Travel. El capítulo sobre Costa Rica no se publicó ni en Costa Rica en el siglo XIX, de Ricardo Fernández Guardia, ni en Entre Silladas y Rejoyas: Viajeros por Costa Rica de 1850 a 1950, del autor Miguel Ángel Quesada. Por primera vez, aparece aquí traducido al español para aquellos lectores centroamericanos de relatos de viajes de norteamericanos. Vincent, quien viajó por Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras y El Salvador en 1887, arriba a Puntarenas y sigue su camino a través de Esparta y Atenas hacia San José y, finalmente, Cartago, al mismo tiempo que detalla los lugares que visita.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Aragón-Vargas, Luis Fernando. "COSTA RICA WITHOUT BORDERS #10". Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud 12, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v12i2.17772.

Texto completo
Resumen
In this section we publish the Spanish version of abstracts from original articles in other languages, published by researchers from Costa Rican universities in different journals around the world. We include the citation to the original work, together with a brief description about where the study took place. The journals must be peer-reviewed and have a formal editorial board. These abstracts are from studies related to exercise and health sciences and follow the same general criteria applying to other articles in Pensar en Movimiento.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

SPRINGER, MONIKA y JENNY BERMÚDEZ-MONGE. "Description of the larva and pupa of Limnephilus hamifer Flint 1963 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) from Costa Rica". Zootaxa 4461, n.º 2 (21 de agosto de 2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.9.

Texto completo
Resumen
The larva and pupa of Limnephilus hamifer Flint 1963 are described and illustrated for the first time. The description is based on material collected and reared from the Cerro de la Muerte mountain range in Costa Rica, and from additional specimens deposited at the Zoological Museum of the University of Costa Rica. The distribution of this species is restricted to high mountain areas of Costa Rica and Panamá and constitutes the most southern distribution of the genus on the American continent.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Clevenger, Caroline Murrie y Katharine Leigh. "Service-Learning Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Sustainable Actions in an Elementary School, Bagaces, Costa Rica". International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 8, n.º 1 (4 de junio de 2013): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v8i1.4439.

Texto completo
Resumen
This paper examines the impact of the experience and learning outcomes from a problem-based service-learning opportunity carried out within the context of a travel course focused on sustainable design and construction. Through a partnership between professional programs from two institutions of higher education, students from XXX University travel to Costa Rica to meet their learning partners from the University of Costa Rica. During the travel course students participate in a service-learning project. The experience successfully emphasizes the power of service-learning to impact student values and thinking, reinforcing social and civic responsibility. As a mechanism to achieve cross-cultural understanding, this service-learning opportunity successfully invites exchange and appreciation of similarities as well as differences through collaborative problem solving, deepening student motivation to learn.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

LOHRMANN, VOLKER y MICHAEL OHL. "World revision of the wasp genus Liosphex Townes, 1977 (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae)". Zootaxa 2384, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2384.1.1.

Texto completo
Resumen
The wasp genus Liosphex Townes 1977 is revised and twelve new species are described: Liosphex achuar sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Peru), L. atratus sp. nov. (Costa Rica and Mexico), L. boreus sp. nov. (Mexico, Kentucky and Mississippi, USA), L. bribri sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Panama and Peru), L. darien sp. nov. (Panama), L. guanabara sp. nov. (Brazil), L. guarani sp. nov. (Brazil and Argentina), L. longicornis sp. nov. (Costa Rica), L. maleku sp. nov. (Costa Rica and Mexico), L. micropterus sp. nov. (southern Brazil and Paraguay), L. quechua sp. nov. (Peru), and L. tupi sp. nov. (Brazil). The male of L. trichopleurum Townes, 1977 is described for the first time. A redescription of L. varius Townes, 1977, including new diagnostic characters, is provided since the original description was based on a heterogeneous type series of specimens from different species. The revision includes images of all fourteen species, illustrations of the main diagnostic characters, an identification key to species and distribution maps for all species.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

GRAY, ANDREW R. "Review of the genus Cruziohyla (Anura: Phyllomedusidae), with description of a new species". Zootaxa 4450, n.º 4 (26 de julio de 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.4.1.

Texto completo
Resumen
The presented work summarises new and existing phenotypic and phylogenetic information for the genus Cruziohyla. Data based on morphology and skin peptide profiling supports the identification of a separate new species. Specimens of Cruziohyla calcarifer (Boulenger, 1902) occurring in Ecuador, Colombia, two localities in Panama, and one in the south east Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica, distinctly differ from those occurring along the Atlantic versant of Central America from Panama northwards through Costa Rica, Nicaragua, to Honduras. A new species—Cruziohyla sylviae sp. n.—(the type locality: Alto Colorado in Costa Rica)—is diagnosed and described using an integrated approach from morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene confirms the new species having equal minimum 6.2% genetic divergence from both true C. calcarifer and Cruziohyla craspedopus.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

Puccia, Ellen. "For neither love nor money : gender, sexuality, and tourism in Costa Rica". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002929.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Gullström, Sofia. "Pura Vida : A study on translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in an English travel guide about Costa Rica". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26412.

Texto completo
Resumen
The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the difficulties that came up in the translation of an English travel guide about Costa Rica into Swedish, and what strategies may be employed in order to solve them. The focus is on how to handle proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology. In order to gather material for the study an English travel guide about Costa Rica was translated into Swedish and then some of the translation problems encountered during translation were chosen for an in-depth analysis. The analysis is mainly based on Rune Ingo’s and Peter Newmark’s theories, but other sources have also been used as a basis for the discussion.   Proper nouns were mostly handled by transference of the names in their original forms into the TT as well as transference in combination with a functional or descriptive equivalent. Where appropriate, some proper nouns were translated with recognized Swedish translations or partially translated and partially transferred. Many metaphors and idioms were translated into corresponding figurative expressions found in the target language. When this was not possible, they were either translated word-for-word, provided that they still conveyed the meaning of the ST metaphor or idiom, or translated with a non-figurative expression. In order to make up for lost figurative expressions, one non-figurative expression was translated with a metaphor. Regarding terminology, terms were mostly translated with corresponding terms found in Swedish bilingual dictionaries or other resources on the Internet. However, some terms had to be transferred from the ST in their original forms or translated with less specific words, since no corresponding terms could be found in the target language. The findings show that several different strategies were used to handle translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in this specific travel guide and which strategy to use depends on situational factors.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Libros sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

Moritz, Patricia M. Costa Rica. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Corp., 1998.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Gregor, Clark y Vorhees Mara, eds. Costa Rica. 6a ed. [Paris]: Lonely planet, 2015.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Inc, Fodor's Travel Publications. Costa Rica. New York: Fodor's Travel Publications, 2010.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Baker, Christopher P. Costa Rica. 8a ed. Berkeley, CA: Avalon Travel, 2011.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Baker, Christopher P. Costa Rica. 7a ed. Berkeley, Calif: Avalon Travel, 2009.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Baker, Christopher P. Costa Rica. 5a ed. Emeryville, Calif: Avalon Travel, 2004.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Haber, Harvey y Dona Haber. Costa Rica. Editado por Haber Harvey y Haber Dona. [Hong Kong]: APA Publications, 1996.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Baker, Christopher P. Costa Rica. 4a ed. Emeryville, Calif: Avalon Travel, 2001.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

photographer, Whitwam Linda, Spaull Jon photographer y Arun P. illustrator, eds. Costa Rica. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2016.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Pariza, Silvia López de. Costa Rica. Madrid: Travel Time, 2007.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Más fuentes

Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

Ca�ada, E. "Responses to overtourism in Guanacaste (Costa Rica): a rural water conflict perspective." En Overtourism: excesses, discontents and measures in travel and tourism, 107–24. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786399823.0107.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Regalla, Michele Lynn. "Planning Service-Learning Abroad for Teacher Candidates". En Community Engagement Program Implementation and Teacher Preparation for 21st Century Education, 117–39. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0871-7.ch007.

Texto completo
Resumen
The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines to education college and university faculty members who are considering the implementation of an international service-learning experience for their teacher candidates. The chapter begins with a review of literature supporting the benefits of service-learning for teacher candidates. Next is a description of a service-learning trip to Costa Rica planned and implemented by an education faculty member in conjunction with a cultural diversity course designed to prepare candidates to meet the needs of English Learners (ELs). Following the description of the Costa Rica service-learning trip, the author provides guidelines and a list of questions for consideration. The guidelines are designed to assist faculty members who are considering implementing a similar service-learning experience for their teacher candidates. Finally, the chapter concludes with quotations provided by participants of the Costa Rica service-learning experience that show the overall benefits of the service-learning experience.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Caplivski, Daniel y W. Michael Scheld. "A Veterinarian with Multiple Skin Ulcers after Travel to Costa Rica". En Consultations in Infectious Disease, 306–10. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199735006.003.0062.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Repetti, Marion y Toni Calasanti. "Retirement migration". En Retirement Migration and Precarity in Later Life, 13–27. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447358213.003.0002.

Texto completo
Resumen
This chapter provides a deeper understanding of the social and economic characteristics of international retirement migration. It explores the diverse forms that retirement migration can take, including short-term and permanent versions, and scholars’ increased interest in these trends since the early 1980s. We describe the themes that appear the most in the literature on international retirement migration, such as lifestyle factors, ease of travel, transnational family ties and the globalisation of the health, housing and leisure markets targeting retirees in richer countries. We then develop interlinkages between retirement migration and precarity, and show how some scholars have explored this aspect since the early 2000s. Finally, we address ageism and how this shapes retirees’ living conditions in the Global North and, possibly, in international retirement migration contexts. We end the chapter by presenting our study and the sample, and briefly describing the places where we conducted the interviews in Spain, Costa Rica and Mexico.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Haber, William A. "Plants and Vegetation". En Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0009.

Texto completo
Resumen
The vegetation at Monteverde is characterized by two features that are immediately noted by visitors. The first is the overwhelming abundance of mosses, epiphytes, and tree trunk climbers in the cloud forest. The second is the striking variety of vegetation types, and consequent very high regional plant biodiversity, cramped into a small area by the narrow elevational zonation of habitats along the upper mountain slopes. This luxuriance and diversity have been important factors in the attraction of biologists to Monteverde. Lawton and Dryer (1980) described the characteristics and distribution of forest types in the upper Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve (MCFP), emphasizing the effect of the northeast trade winds on forest structure. With exposure to the trade winds and the accompanying heavy mist and clouds, the forest is reduced in height, has a more broken canopy, and supports greater epiphyte loads. Areas in the lee of the winds develop a forest with less abundant epiphytes and mosses and much taller, straighter trees, forming a closed canopy and more open understory while the strong winds apparently limit the stature of the forest on the exposed ridges, the mist and rain carried in from the Atlantic side during the dry season maintain the diverse epiphyte community of the upper Pacific slope. In contrast, a short walk down the Pacific slope during the dry season leads to progressively drier vegetation zones where ferns, epiphytes, and climbers nearly disappear. Hartshorn (1983) described vegetation in the zones below the cloud forest, with a description of the Holdridge life zone system (Holdridge 1967) and the life zones in Monteverde. In this chapter, the focal area of the vegetation is the study area of the Monteverde Flora Project, which is more extensive than the area covered in the references cited above. The aim of the Monteverde Flora, a project of the Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica Project, is to collect and identify the flora of the Monteverde area and produce identification guides.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

Winter, Amos G. "Stakeholder and Constraint-Driven Innovation of a Novel, Lever-Propelled, All-Terrain Wheelchair". En ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12588.

Texto completo
Resumen
The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, lever-propelled wheelchair designed primarily for use in developing countries. LFC technology was conceived because 70 percent of wheelchair users in these markets live in rural areas and no currently available mobility aid enables them to travel long distances on rough terrain and maneuver in tight, indoor confines. Because developing world markets impose constraints on cost, durability, and performance, a novel solution was required to satisfy stakeholder requirements. The key innovation behind the LFC is its single speed, variable mechanical advantage lever drivetrain. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases speed. The drivetrain is made from low-cost bicycle parts found throughout the developing world, which enables the LFC to be sold for $200 and be repairable anywhere. During three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India, stakeholder feedback was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute, and able to produce 53 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs. The LFC offers comparable performance at less than one-twentieth the cost of off road wheelchairs available in the rich world. Stakeholder feedback and the highly-constrained environment for which the LFC was created drove the technology towards a novel, innovative solution that offers a competitive advantage in both developing and developed markets. The paper concludes with a description of how the LFC is a “constraint-driven innovation.” This idea ties together the theories of “disruptive innovation” and “reverse innovation,” and may be used as a design tool for engineers striving to create technologies that have global impact.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Informes sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel"

1

Grau, Javier, Horacio Terraza, Germán Sturzenegger, Alfredo Rihm y Diana Milena Rodríguez Velosa. Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006297.

Texto completo
Resumen
This document is a collection of available data on solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The following bullet points contain a brief description of the most relevant data: The regional average per capita generation of Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is 0.6 kg/cap/day and 0.9 kg/cap/day, respectively. DSW represents, on average, 67% of the MSW generated in the region. The MSW regional average collection rate is 89.9% (as a percentage of the population). Compared with a worldwide average of 73.6%, LAC has a high level of coverage, reflecting the priority the region gives to this service. LAC's coverage is higher than that of Africa (46%), South Asia (65%), and the Middle East and Northern Africa (approximately 85%). Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela have MSW collection rates close to 100% (universal coverage). About 53% of LAC's population receives 2to-5-days a week waste collection service, 45% daily service and 2% once-a-week service. Separate MSW collection, commonly known as selective collection is still uncommon in the region. However, there are cases like that of Brazil, where 62% of municipalities implement selective MSW collection programs. Average unitary collection costs have been estimated at US$34 per collected ton, with high cost variance between countries. For example, the cost in Argentina is US$54, while in Paraguay is only US$6.6 (a US$47 difference). These variations typically reflect differences associated with the (higher-lower) quality of service. Adequate MSW final disposal coverage (i.e., in landfills) is approximately 55% (as a percentage of the population), which means that there is still a large amount of waste that is not disposed and/or treated adequately (45%). The average final disposal cost is US$20.4 per ton disposed. There is a first group of countries where disposal costs are around US$10 (US$5.6 in Ecuador, US$11.4 in Chile), a second group where it costs around US$20 (US$18.8 in Costa Rica, US$23.3 in Colombia), and then there¿s Brazil, where costs are, on average, considerably higher (US$31.5). In several LAC countries MSW management costs are directly afforded by the municipality. The average cost recovery is 51.6%xii. Municipalities typically use property taxes as the main revenue collection system. This collection mechanism represents 52.1% of the total, followed by direct billing to users, with 20.2%; the electricity bill (15.3%); and the water & sanitation bill (12.4%).
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Country Program Evaluation: Costa Rica (2002-2006). Inter-American Development Bank, diciembre de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010395.

Texto completo
Resumen
This document (RE-325) presents the Costa Rica Country Program Evaluation (CPE) prepared by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) for 2002-2006. The paper includes a description of the country and context during the evaluation period, the 2003-2006 programming exercise, a discussion on the efficiency in project preparation and delivery outcomes associated with the programming exercise, and conclusions and recommendations. The lessons learned from the way in which the 2003-2006 Bank Country Strategy has unfolded once again demonstrate the need to recommend that the Bank should not structure its programming exercises around goals and objectives relating to structural reforms. The Bank's support for such efforts on the country's part should focus on technical assistance and on economic studies and analyses. The new Bank Country Strategy should be based on the lessons learned from previous programming efforts and should propose realistic approval levels in keeping with conditions in the country.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
También puede estar interesado en las bibliografías ampliadas sobre el tema "Costa Rica – Description and travel" para tipos de fuentes particulares:
Artículos de revistas Libros
Ofrecemos descuentos en todos los planes premium para autores cuyas obras están incluidas en selecciones literarias temáticas. ¡Contáctenos para obtener un código promocional único!

Pasar a la bibliografía