Artículos de revistas: "Counselor Impairment"

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Witmer, J. Melvin y Mark E. Young. "Preventing Counselor Impairment: A Wellness Approach". Journal of Humanistic Education and Development 34, n.º 3 (marzo de 1996): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4683.1996.tb00338.x.

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LAWSON, GERARD. "Counselor Wellness and Impairment: A National Survey". Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development 46, n.º 1 (marzo de 2007): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2007.tb00023.x.

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Muratori, Michelle C. "Examining Supervisor Impairment From the Counselor Trainee's Perspective". Counselor Education and Supervision 41, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2001): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2001.tb01267.x.

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Sheffield, Dale S. "Counselor Impairment: Moving Toward a Concise Definition and Protocol". Journal of Humanistic Education and Development 37, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1998): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4683.1998.tb00411.x.

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Garske, Gregory G. "Managing Occupational Stress: A Challenge for Rehabilitation Counselors". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 38, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2007): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.38.4.34.

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Occupational burnout is considered endemic to human service professionals, including those who work as rehabilitation counselors. Generally identified as a reaction to ongoing stress, burnout can be defined as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment which can occur among individuals who do “people work” of some kind. The burned out human service provider is prone to health problems, psychological impairment, loss of self-esteem, and a growing dissatisfaction with the job. The focus of this paper will be on human service related occupational stress, along with individual and organizational strategies and renewal. One of the guiding principles of preventative stress management is that individuals, along with organizations are responsible for health and well-being. In rehabilitation, the quality of the counselor-client interaction and service may well depend on the service provider's level of job satisfaction and well-being.

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Lustig, Daniel C., Yonghong Jade Xu, David R. Strauser y Michael M. MacKay. "The Relationship Between Career Thoughts and Adjustment for Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis". Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 61, n.º 2 (7 de junio de 2017): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355217709457.

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The study investigated the relationship between the psychosocial adjustment and dysfunctional career thoughts for adults with multiple sclerosis. The Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory measured psychosocial adjustment, and the Career Thoughts Inventory measured dysfunctional career thoughts. The results found that (a) higher levels of depression were associated with higher levels of decision-making confusion and commitment anxiety and (b) higher levels of adjustment were associated with lower levels of decision-making confusion. Rehabilitation counselor implications are discussed.

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Tuttle, D. W. "The Role of the Special Education Teacher-Counselor in Meeting Students’ Self-Esteem Needs". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 81, n.º 4 (abril de 1987): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8708100409.

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Teachers of the visually impaired play a critical role in the development of affective growth within the children and youth they serve. The impact of a visual impairment on the emergence of the self, self-concept, and self-esteem must be understood before intervention strategies can be effectively employed. Each of the phases of the adjusting process in response to either social stigma or vision loss requires a somewhat different focus in counseling efforts. Whether they admit it or not, teachers are counselors—for better or worse. The article concludes with a look at some of the attributes and behaviors that promote affective growth.

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Malik, Rabia y Muzafar Din Ahmad Bhat. "The management of Premenstrual syndrome: A review". Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 17, n.º 1 (11 de enero de 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i1.35273.

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Premenstrual Syndrome is a set of physical, emotional and behavioural symptoms that start during the week preceding menstruation and are alleviated when the menstrual flow begins. Epidemiological surveys have estimated that the frequency of PMS symptoms is about 80-90% with impairment of functioning. Women with severe PMS should be managed by a multi disciplinary team, which might comprise a hospital or community gynaecologist, psychiatrist or psychologist, dietician and counselor. Where there is multidisciplinary provision of care, this is of benefit both from the diagnostic and therapeutic point of view, giving the ability to offer a broad range of interventions from lifestyle interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to gynaecological interventions.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.16-20

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Robold, Libby. "Yoga and Emotional Healing for Aggressive Youth". International Journal of Yoga Therapy 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2002): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.12.1.5510512305304rh7.

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This article addresses an often misunderstood phenomenon—the plight of the emotionally challenged child—and how Yoga can make a difference in the healing process. An example of a working class plan for a small group is outlined, ready for a teacher, parent, or counselor to adapt to the needs of their children or students. Emotional impairment is often complicated by factors such as mental and psychological disturbances,post-traumatic stress, neglect, abuse, physical problems,or just being a part of the foster care and court systems,and Yoga can address many of the issues faced by this increasing population. Yoga as therapy, combined with the arts, makes good medicine and is a valuable complement or alternative to traditional treatment.

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Beery, Susan H., Herbert C. Quay y William E. Pelham. "Differential Response to Methylphenidate in Inattentive and Combined Subtype ADHD". Journal of Attention Disorders 21, n.º 1 (28 de julio de 2016): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054712469256.

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Objective: To examine response to methylphenidate (MPH) assessed by direct observation of ecologically valid behaviors in boys with ADHD with high hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) and those with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD/I). Method: Sixty-three boys ages 7 to 13 participated in an ADHD Summer Treatment Program and received a double-blind placebo-controlled assessment of .3 mg/kg of MPH on problem behaviors and individualized behavior goals. Medication effect sizes were calculated for each child for each behavior. Results: Children with ADHD/HI ( n = 21) displayed larger MPH effect sizes for interrupting, verbal abuse, and compliance, and marginally greater response for teasing and counselor-directed goals. Children with ADHD/I ( n = 21) displayed small medication effect sizes ( ds < .20) for many behaviors often identified as primary deficits in this group (e.g., attention to activities, peer interaction, class work completion, and accuracy). Conclusion: Systematic medication assessment for ADHD/I that quantifies response in ecologically valid areas of functional impairment is essential.

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Swensen, J. Gordon, John Rakis, Melanie G. Snyder y Randall E. Loss. "Engaging Employers and Business in the Hiring of Individuals with Criminal Records". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 45, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.4.15.

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The successful reentry and reintegration of ex-offenders with disabilities will be discussed in terms of barrier removal, employer perception, and an improved relationship with the criminal justice system. A criminal record limits opportunitiesfor employment and without collaborative community supports can increase both recidivism rates and increase costs to an over-burdened criminal justice system. Employer relationships, including outreach, marketing and evidence-based partneringlcollaboration will be reviewed, including a model program from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania that supports the discussion. Special considerations for those with sex offenses will be provided, as well as efforts to eliminate the stigma involved with criminal and/or felony records. The correlation between disability and delinquency in terms of both impairment and vocational impediments is described through three disabilities (TBL Substance Abuse/Dependency, and Mental Illness). The role of the VR counselor in terms of community efforts at reducing recidivism, increasing employment outcomes for ex-offenders/clients, through effective partnerships, can affect significantly both societal and economic improvement, as well as impact overall recidivism, reentry and community reintegration issues for ex-offenders.

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Ell, Kathleen, Kathleen Sanchez, Betsy Vourlekis, Pey-Jiuan Lee, Megan Dwight-Johnson, Isabel Lagomasino, Laila Muderspach y Christy Russell. "Depression, Correlates of Depression, and Receipt of Depression Care Among Low-Income Women With Breast or Gynecologic Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, n.º 13 (1 de mayo de 2005): 3052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.08.041.

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PurposeTo assess the prevalence of depression among low-income, ethnic minority women with breast or gynecologic cancer, receipt of antidepressant medications or counseling services, and correlates of depression.Patients and MethodsStudy patients were 472 women receiving cancer care in an urban public medical center. Women had a primary diagnosis of breast (stage 0 to III) or gynecologic cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 0 to IIIB). A diagnostic depression screen and baseline questionnaire were administered before or during active treatment or during active follow-up. Self-report data were collected on receipt of depression treatment, use of supportive counseling, pain and receipt of pain medication, functional status and well-being, and perceived barriers to cancer care.ResultsTwenty-four percent of women reported moderate to severe levels of depressive disorder (30% of breast cancer patients and 17% of gynecologic cancer patients). Only 12% of women meeting criteria for major depression reported currently receiving medications for depression, and only 5% of women reported seeing a counselor or participating in a cancer support group. Neither cancer stage nor treatment status was correlated with depression. Primary diagnosis of breast cancer, younger age, greater functional impairment, poorer social and family well-being, anxiety, comorbid arthritis, and fears about treatment side effects were correlated with depression.ConclusionFindings indicate that depressive disorder among ethnic minority, low-income women with breast or gynecologic cancer is prevalent and is correlated with pain, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Because these women are unlikely to receive depression treatment or supportive counseling, there is a need for routine screening, evaluation, and treatment in this population.

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Krishnan, Isai Amutan, Geraldine De Mello, Shelen Aderina Kok, Saabdev Kumar Sabapathy, Saravanan Munian, Hee Sio Ching, Pushpa Kandasamy, Selvajothi Ramalingam, Shasthrika Baskaran y Vasudevan Naidu Kanan. "Challenges Faced by Hearing Impairment Students During COVID-19". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 5, n.º 8 (2 de agosto de 2020): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i8.472.

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Social distancing and other protocols required during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly difficult for students who are disabled, especially hearing impairments students. During the Covid-19, many disabled students were impacted physically, mentally and their interactions may have been hindered. That could be one of the barriers for full and active participation in society during the Covid- 19. Therefore, this study aims to discover the challenges faced by hearing impairment students how it affects the communication and mainstreaming process. The data was collected from ten hearing impairments students and analysed qualitatively. The participants were aged between 19-22 and currently studying foundation programme in culinary arts in a skill transformation center. The participants were interviewed using impromptu interview questions via WhatsApp, which lasted about ten minutes for each participant. The findings show that there were four challenges faced by the hearing impairment students; hearing devices, disruption to comprehend the lesson, not familiar with the online devices and emotionally affected during online classes. The findings further reveal that the hearing impairment students hampered their social interactions skills towards others during the pandemic. It is hoped the findings would be useful for academicians, counsellors, doctors and other job professions to explore further research on hearing impairments and the framing of methodology to assist the hearing impairments in engaging with the society during the pandemic.

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Petrofsky, Jerrold, Lee Berk y Hani Al-Nakhli. "The Influence of Autonomic Dysfunction Associated with Aging and Type 2 Diabetes on Daily Life Activities". Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/657103.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ageing have well documented effects on every organ in the body. In T2D the autonomic nervous system is impaired due to damage to neurons, sensory receptors, synapses and the blood vessels. This paper will concentrate on how autonomic impairment alters normal daily activities. Impairments include the response of the blood vessels to heat, sweating, heat transfer, whole body heating, orthostatic intolerance, balance, and gait. Because diabetes is more prevalent in older individuals, the effects of ageing will be examined. Beginning with endothelial dysfunction, blood vessels have impairment in their ability to vasodilate. With this and synaptic damage, the autonomic nervous system cannot compensate for effectors such as pressure on and heating of the skin. This and reduced ability of the heart to respond to stress, reduces autonomic orthostatic compensation. Diminished sweating causes the skin and core temperature to be high during whole body heating. Impaired orthostatic tolerance, impaired vision and vestibular sensing, causes poor balance and impaired gait. Overall, people with T2D must be made aware and counseled relative to the potential consequence of these impairments.

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Yuan, Wei, Li-fang Zhang y Bing Li. "Adapting the Brief COPE for Chinese Adolescents with Visual Impairments". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 111, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x1711100103.

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Introduction The present research pioneered the effort in assessing adolescents’ coping with visual impairment through adapting the Brief COPE in an eastern context. The first study preliminarily explored the applicability of the Brief COPE to Chinese adolescent students with visual impairments. Based on the results, the Brief COPE was modified and renamed, COPE-Revised. The second study tested the internal psychometric properties and the criterion-related validity of the COPE-Revised. Criterion-related validity was obtained through investigating the correlation between coping and self-esteem. Method The first study involved 176 adolescent students with visual impairments, comprising a survey using the Brief COPE and follow-up interviews. In the second study, another cohort of 170 adolescent students with visual impairments responded to the COPE-Revised together with an inventory assessing self-esteem. Results The COPE-Revised showed adequate psychometric properties. Three higher-order factors, namely self-directed, other-directed, and relinquished-control coping, were identified. The way in which self-esteem was correlated with these three dimensions of coping provided evidence for the criterion-related validity of the COPE-Revised. Discussion The findings indicate that the COPE-Revised has sound psychometric properties among adolescents with visual impairments. Limitations regarding the sample-selection bias and the means of questionnaire survey among visually impaired adolescents are noted. Implications for practitioners This research tailored a coping inventory for educators, counselors, and researchers who are interested in investigating adolescents’ ability to cope with visual impairments. The relationship between coping with visual impairment and self-esteem found in this research has reference significance for educational and counseling services for visually impaired adolescents.

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McDonnall, Michele C., Jennifer L. Cmar y Emily M. Lund. "Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Visual Impairment: Vocational Rehabilitation Service Provision and Agency-Level Outcomes". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 114, n.º 1 (16 de diciembre de 2019): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x19892033.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate how services are provided to state–federal vocational rehabilitation consumers with comorbid traumatic brain injury (TBI) and visual impairment and the prevalence of and competitive employment rates for this population. Methods: We utilized a mixed-methods approach by incorporating interview data from 51 vocational rehabilitation agency administrators (to identify strategies used to serve these consumers) and case service data (to identify prevalence and competitive employment rates at the agency level). We combined the data to examine the relationship between strategies used and the prevalence of and employment outcomes for this population. A modified grounded theory approach was used for qualitative data analysis and descriptive statistics, and analyses of variance were used for quantitative data analyses. Results: Strategies used to serve these consumers included collaboration between counselors, involvement of external organizations, specialized TBI units or caseloads, staff training in TBI, and personnel with dual expertise in TBI and visual impairment. Over a third of agency administrators reported that they did not do anything special or different to serve this population. The average percentage of consumers with visual impairments who also had TBIs being served by agencies was 2.1%. Their average competitive employment rate by agency was 43.2%. Employing staff with dual expertise in TBI and visual impairment was associated with serving a greater percentage of consumers and having a higher competitive employment rate. Discussion: No agencies had a unique service delivery program or method to serve this population, perhaps due to its low prevalence. Agencies had substantial variability in the proportion of consumers with TBI and visual impairment served and their competitive employment rates. Implications for practitioners: Training vocational rehabilitation professionals to develop expertise in both TBIs and visual impairments may help agencies better serve these consumers.

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Lewis, S. y J. B. Patterson. "Rehabilitation Counselors and Rehabilitation Teachers in State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 92, n.º 3 (marzo de 1998): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9809200302.

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This article presents a survey of the practices of state rehabilitation agencies regarding rehabilitation teachers and rehabilitation counselors who provide services to adults with visual impairments (who are blind or have low vision). The findings indicated that the majority of the agencies employed these professionals in discrete categories and offered them the same starting salaries. However, the rehabilitation counselors’ caseloads were typically 60 percent higher than the rehabilitation teachers’. Projected openings based on the total positions in each agency revealed slightly more openings for rehabilitation teachers than for rehabilitation counselors.

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Crisp, Ross. "Social Reintegration After Traumatic Brain Impairment: A Qualitative Analysis". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 25, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1994): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.25.4.16.

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This study explored the process of social reintegration of 10 persons with traumatic brain impairment. A series of in-depth interviews over a period of 12 months were conducted with all participants. Data were analyzed using procedures utilized by grounded theory and ethnographic researchers; and, resulted in a typology that described different aspects of social reintegration into community life. Implications for rehabilitation counselors and researchers are discussed.

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Hendrix, Charles C., Anthony P. Jurich y Walter R. Schumm. "Long-Term Impact of Vietnam War Service on Family Environment and Satisfaction". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, n.º 8 (octubre de 1995): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600806.

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The authors surveyed 47 midwestern Vietnam war veterans about their war experiences, current lives, and perspectives of their families at this time. Results indicated significant associations between combat exposure and the development of psychological impairment as well as associations between psychological impairment and family environment and satisfaction. No significant associations were found between combat exposure and family environment or satisfaction. Results suggest the need for increased interventions at a family level for survivors of war trauma. Implications for counselors are discussed.

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Foreman, Tamarine. "Wellness, Exposure to Trauma, and Vicarious Traumatization: A Pilot Study". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2018): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.2.04.

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Due to the increasing number of clients seeking counseling who have experienced trauma, counselors are at a greater risk for developing vicarious traumatization and becoming impaired. Wellness has been described as helpful in managing the effects of working with clients who have experienced trauma and in mitigating impairment. The current pilot study examined how exposure to client trauma experiences impacted counselors' (N = 68) wellness and how exposure to client trauma along with wellness influenced vicarious traumatization. Participants had an average of 12.9 years of experience and a caseload on which most clients reported a trauma history. The expectation that greater exposure to client trauma would influence wellness was not met. However, results indicated that counselors with higher levels of wellness along with exposure to client trauma exhibited significantly lower levels of vicarious traumatization. The pilot study builds awareness of vicarious traumatization and highlights the importance of wellness.

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Jagger, Gina E. y William R. Sterner. "Excoriation: What Counselors Need to Know About Skin Picking Disorder". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 38, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2016): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.38.4.01.

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Excoriation is a disorder in which individuals repetitively scratch or pick their skin, resulting in visible tissue damage. The skin lesions that occur from excoriation can lead to physical disfigurement, functional impairment, and emotional distress. Although skin picking is a common behavior that can negatively impact various domains of a person's life, many clinicians are unaware that there are instances in which this condition can be classified a pathological disorder. This article focuses on the prevalence, course, etiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of excoriation. A case scenario is included to demonstrate how a client may present in session, followed by suggested approach to treatment. Implications for clinicians are also discussed.

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Chang, Sophie Chien-Huey y James Schaller. "Perspectives of Adolescents with Visual Impairments on Social Support from Their Parents". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 94, n.º 2 (febrero de 2000): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0009400202.

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This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of 12 adolescents with visual impairments on the social support they received from their parents. Data were generated from in-depth interviews, field notes, a reflexive journal, informal observations, and time lines of life events. Emerging themes illustrated processes by which participants received emotional, informational, and tangible support. The implications for the training of parents, rehabilitation counselors, and educators are provided.

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Young, Tabitha L. "Counseling Parents of Children With Cancer: Therapeutic Considerations and Strategies". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2018): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.3.01.

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Caring for a child with cancer can cause parents immense psychological distress and impairment, which can in turn affect their child. To assist counselors working with the parents of children receiving treatment for cancer, the author presents a review of the complex issues and stressors common to the parent whose child has been diagnosed with cancer. In addition, this article offers therapeutic strategies designed to assist this unique population.

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Dondorf-Brooks, Kaitlin, Francine M. Seruya, Rebecca C. Trenz y Monica Stanton-Koko. "Parenting With a Disability: A Descriptive Analysis of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Women in Vocational Rehabilitation". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 51, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-19-00014.

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BackgroundWomen of parenting age from typically marginalized socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial groups are underrepresented in rehabilitation research. Additionally, the occupation of parenting after disability has largely been unexplored. The literature indicates that women with disabilities and low socioeconomic status have poor outcomes related to employment and independent living.MethodThe current study was a secondary data analysis of 13,993 women receiving TANF from the RSA 911 data from years 2015 and 2016. Frequencies, percentages, means, and a chi-square were calculated for demographic variables, primary impairment categories, source of primary impairment, and employment outcomes.ResultsPrimary impairment was categorized into three classes: sensory/communicative (4.7%), physical (21.2%), and mental (74.1%). Forty percent of participants cited mood and anxiety disorders as the primary source of impairment. Results indicated mental impairment as the primary impairment category regardless of race or ethnicity. The majority of women (90%) obtained employment without supports upon case closure.ConclusionVocational rehabilitation counselors need to be mindful of the multiple barriers to employment facing women of parenting age regardless of race or ethnicity. Additional support services may be required to facilitate the ability to maintain employment status while handling the multiple roles of caregiving and household management especially for women of lower socioeconomic status.

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Fals-Stewart, William. "Ability of counselors to detect cognitive impairment among substance-abusing patients: An examination of diagnostic efficiency." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 5, n.º 1 (febrero de 1997): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.5.1.39.

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DeVinney, David J., Timothy N. Tansey, James M. Ferrin y Steven R. Pruett. "The Mini-Mental Status Examination: A Screening Tool for Rehabilitation Counselors and Vocational Evaluators". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 36, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2005): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.36.3.16.

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With an aging workforce, the likelihood of persons applying for services with undiagnosed dementias or other substantial cognitive impairments are likely to increase. Identifying persons that may require additional evaluation prior to plan development will promote individual plans for employment that are consistent with individual needs. The focus of this article is to explain the benefits of incorporating the assessment of mental status into vocational evaluation systems. Specifically, the authors describe the benefits of using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in rehabilitation counseling and vocational evaluation. Suggestions as to how to incorporate this assessment instrument into rehabilitation services and the psychometric properties of the MMSE are reviewed.

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Carlson, Elaine y Lucian Parshall. "Academic, Social, and Behavioral Adjustment for Students Declassified from Special Education". Exceptional Children 63, n.º 1 (octubre de 1996): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299606300108.

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Each year 7% of Michigan's special education students return to full-time general education programs through declassification. In a preliminary investigation of declassification from special education, the authors analyzed data collected by the Michigan Department of Education over the past 5 years. Respondents suggested that, as a group, students declassified from special education are academically, socially, and behaviorally well adjusted; but teachers or counselors of 11% of the declassified students felt that these students continued to require special education services. Within 3 years, 4% of declassified students had returned to special education. Particularly noteworthy were the relatively poor results for declassified students with emotional impairments.

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Abas, Nazdar. "Impairment of School performance, Psychological and Social Wellbeing and the Role of Counselors at Kalar Schools: A Qualitative Study". Journal of Garmian University 6, n.º 5th Conferance of Human sciences (1 de marzo de 2019): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24271/garmian.5thc72.

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Diakogiorgi, Kleopatra y Ermioni Tsiligirian. "Parents’ and school career counsellors’ evaluations of the occupational competence of children with dyslexia". European Journal of Counselling Psychology 4, n.º 1 (23 de marzo de 2016): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v4i1.97.

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This article studies the cognitions of (a) parents of children with dyslexia and (b) school career counsellors about possible career choices for dyslexic children, by comparing their evaluations of occupational competence (EOCs) for dyslexic children, to those for children without dyslexia. For dyslexic children, 116 participants rated the suitability of 28 occupations, varying according to the required level of written-language use. For children without dyslexia, the same participants rated these same occupations according to if they estimated it might be a “good” occupational choice or not. Participants were free to take into account different criteria often used when considering a job (employability, remuneration, prestige, job security, career prospects). By the aforementioned differentiation of terms used (i.e. suitability vs “goodness”), it was indirectly solicited from the participants to also consider the impairment in their judgement. The results showed that occupations requiring high written-language skills were evaluated as “good” for children without dyslexia but less suitable for children with dyslexia. The exact opposite trend was observed for occupations having lower such requirements. Another noteworthy result is the discrepancy between the ratings obtained from counsellors and those from parents: while both groups provided similar ratings for children without dyslexia, substantial differences were recorded when rating the suitability of these same jobs for dyslexic children. This different pattern of cognitions is discussed herein, and their connection with parental expectations and aspirations is analysed, while contrasted with shifts due to counsellors’ stereotypical views.

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Praiss, Donna M. "Constitutional Protection of Confessions Made by Mentally Retarded Defendants". American Journal of Law & Medicine 14, n.º 4 (1989): 431–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009885880000767x.

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Criminal confessions made in response to custodial questioning are excluded from evidence unless a defendant voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently waived his Miranda rights. In Connelly, the Supreme Court erred by holding that, absent explicit police coercion, a mentally ill individual's waiver is valid. The Court failed to consider the defendant's subjective impairments that might invalidate his waiver. By contrast, the Patterson Court suggested that a defendant's right to counsel may attach at an early stage in a criminal proceeding if the defendant has a significant need for counsel.This Note addresses the special needs of a mentally retarded person in the criminal justice system. The Note argues that mentally retarded suspects require careful explanation of Miranda rights in order to understand them. The intellectual and adaptive deficiencies which characterize mental retardation also necessitate an inquiry into a valid waiver that accounts for these disabilities. Furthermore, the special needs of the mentally retarded mandate that the right to counsel attach as early as the precustodial stage of an investigation. Early access to counsel most effectively assures that a mentally retarded person's waiver of constitutional rights is voluntary, knowing and intelligent.

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Dunne, Michael P. "Cognition, Drugs and Dietary Factors in Hyperactivity: Educational Implications". Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 3, n.º 1 (mayo de 1986): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002527x.

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The issues of how to educate the hyperactive child effectively, and to counsel parents in useful coping and remediation strategies, are of central, ongoing concern. As we are all aware, however, hyperactivity is an amorphous entity, and research has produced as many names for the problem as it has recommendations for diagnostic and treatment approaches. This paper briefly reviews aspects of the current debate over which conceptual model is best suited to describe the disorder, and argues that a clear understanding is currently emerging from information processing analyses of the pattern of impairment in these children.

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Sims, Stephanie Vetere, Brian Celso y Ted Lombardo. "Emotional and Behavioral Assessment of Youths With Visual Impairments Utilizing the BASC-2". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, n.º 4 (30 de junio de 2021): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x211028939.

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Introduction: Few studies have examined the psychological and mental health effects of visual impairments (i.e., blindness and low vision) on youths. Our objectives were to describe the behavioral and emotional profile of students with visual impairments, compare the BASC-2 composite scores for youths with visual impairments with the normative data to determine if significant differences exist, and compare the BASC-2 scores of students categorized as having low vision with students categorized as being totally blind. Methods: A total of 63 students with visual impairments entering a state school for the deaf and blind between 2012 and 2017 had a parent complete the BASC-2 Parent Rating Scale as part of the intake procedure. A retrospective study was conducted to determine patterns of emotional and behavioral strengths and weaknesses in students with low vision and blindness. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Wilcoxon Rank Sums test were performed to test for differences between children who are blind and children with low vision. Results: Students with visual impairments showed higher levels of clinical symptoms such as anxiety and withdrawal. Statistically significant higher deficits were detected for the students with visual impairments on the Behavioral Symptoms Index and Internalizing Problems composites and significant lower differences for the Adaptive Skills and Externalizing Problems composites compared to the BASC-2 normative sample. When compared with youths with low vision, students who are blind had statistically significant scores (i.e., deficits) for adaptive skills and resiliency. Discussion: Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of students with visual impairments may experience more emotional and behavioral difficulties than the average youth while lacking the adaptive skills to manage their conduct adequately. Implications for practitioners: Professionals working with youths with visual impairments face a number of daunting challenges, since the conditions under the visually impaired umbrella are heterogeneous, and variation exists within a statistically low-incidence disability category. Therefore, those who work with youths with visual impairments have to apply various and unique methods to understand, train, teach, rehabilitate, or counsel these youths.

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Kendall, Elizabeth y Patricia Murphy. "The Determinants of Work Adjustment following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Focus for Career Counsellors". Australian Journal of Career Development 12, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620301200105.

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This longitudinal study examined the determinants of work adjustment in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, using the frameworks provided by Hershenson (1996) and Moos (2002) as a guide for selecting variables. Based on these frameworks, the predictive utility of a range of variables (i.e., self-esteem, perceived support, situational stressors, appraisal of stress and self-efficacy and coping responses) was examined. Eighty-one individuals with TBI provided data for the study. The prediction of work adjustment was improved beyond that accounted for by initial adjustment when these previously-mentioned variables were entered into regression equations. Specifically, short-term work adjustment was associated with high levels of social support and self-efficacy as well as the effective use of problem-solving. In the long-term, however, internal resources such as self-esteem became more important to work adjustment, as did the effects of lesion location and cognitive impairment. Greater focus on these determinants of work adjustment in the career counselling process could foster the development of a preventative approach to TBI vocational rehabilitation. In particular, it may be possible to identify individuals who are likely to experience work adjustment difficulties and assist them to maintain and develop the resources that will, in turn, improve their likelihood of vocational success.

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Carpenter, Vickie R., Charles Bemacchio y Eileen J. Burker. "Use of Evidence-based Practice in Rehabilitation Counseling: Facilitating Recovery and Community Integration for Persons with Schizophrenia". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 44, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.44.3.11.

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Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population worldwide. Symptoms of schizophrenia can add to or take away from a person's normal range of behavior, may cause permanent cognitive impairments, and may vary greatly from one individual to another. The course of the illness is variable, precluding an accurate summary of long-term outcomes. However, many professionals still deny that stability and remission are possible. Providing hope of recovery is at the core of rehabilitation counseling. Every client with schizophrenia should be instilled with hope that he or she may become stable or experience complete remission. Through empirical research, multiple pharmacological and psychosocial evidence-based treatments have emerge for people with schizophrenia. Better clinical and vocational outcomes are associated with the use of these treatments. This paper offers a thorough explanation of schizophrenia and provides rehabilitation counselors with information about the best evidence-based practices to use when working with clients who have schizophrenia.

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Jackson, Debra. "The Long Journey Back: The Bumpy Road to Recovery from Cybersex Addiction". Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 6, n.º 2 (2000): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200000934.

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Notwithstanding the current debate over the use of the term “addiction” to describe certain types of problematic internet use, it is clear that a significant number of people engage in excessive internet use despite its interference with their everyday life. There is also growing evidence to suggest that increasing numbers of regular internet users are using the net for the purposes of accessing pornographic material and adult chat. In a qualitative descriptive framework, this study examines evidence from recovering cybersex addicts to illuminate aspects of the recovery trajectory for persons negatively affected by excessive use of the internet for the purposes of sexual gratification. Significant disruption to functional daily activities was variously reported and included occupational and social impairment, depression, impotence, and relationship breakdown. The paper further examines the therapeutic recovery issues with this addiction and comments on the role of rehabilitation counsellors in this process.

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Regan, Bridget, Yvonne Wells y Paul O’Halloran. "“I’m more aware now”: perspectives from people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), supporters and counsellors about the MAXCOG cognitive rehabilitation intervention". Aging & Mental Health 24, n.º 6 (10 de febrero de 2019): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1574712.

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Saar, Tal, Lorinne Levitt y Hagai Amsalem. "Reversible Fetal Renal Impairment following Angiotensin Receptor Blocking Treatment during Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2382031.

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Background. Late pregnancy usage of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) may cause severe oligohydramnios due to fetal renal impairment. Affected neonates will often suffer from fatal, renal, and respiratory failure.Case. A 39-year-old multigravida admitted due to anhydramnios secondary to valsartan (ARB) exposure at 30 weeks’ gestation. Following secession of treatment amniotic fluid volume returned to normal. Delivery was induced at 34 weeks’ gestation following premature rupture of membranes and maternal fever. During the two-year follow-up, no signs of renal insufficiency were noted.Conclusions. This description of reversible fetal renal damage due to ARB intake during pregnancy is the first to show no adverse renal function in a two-year follow-up period. This case may help clinicians counsel patients with pregnancies complicated by exposure to these drugs.

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Hall, Daniel, Joseph Wilkerson, James Lovato, Kaycee Sink, Dana Chamberlain, Philip Clarke, Jose Villalba et al. "P2-344: Mental health symptoms in people with cognitive impairment and memory loss and their caregivers: Initial findings and implications for counselors and geriatricians". Alzheimer's & Dementia 9 (julio de 2013): P485—P486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.992.

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Navalta, Carryl P., Lesley McGee y Jolene Underwood. "Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Development, and Mental Health: A Call for Neurocounseling". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2018): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.3.07.

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The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study provided compelling evidence that abuse, neglect, and other ACEs are the most potent risk factors for the development of health, mental health, and substance use problems. Such negative health-related outcomes parallel the cumulative exposure of the developing brain to the stress response, with resulting impairment in multiple brain structures and functions. Collectively, these sequelae can manifest during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. We and others have posited that counseling and other psychotherapeutic interventions need to address the individual's multilayered ecology (i.e., biological, psychological, social, cultural/contextual). Neurocounseling can provide a heuristic framework to more effectively assess, conceptualize, and counsel people with a history of ACEs. We provide an update of the clinical neuroscience of ACEs and its implications for counseling, including how contemporary interventions (e.g., mindfulness) can potentially have positive benefits for such individuals.

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Kantor, V. Z., A. P. Antropov y T. G. Gdalina. "Choice of Professional and Educational Route in High School Students with Disabilities: University Education in the Context of Motivation and Needs". Психологическая наука и образование 23, n.º 2 (2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2018230205.

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The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey in the context of the idea of continuity of school and university education of persons with disabilities. 90 senior students with visual, hearing and motor impairments were the respondents of the survey. The purpose of the survey was to study the motives, preferences and needs of school graduates among disabled people, which determine the choice of their vocational and educational route. The survey reveals features of motivation for professional choice of various categories of enrollees with disabilities and its informational support; assesses the level of these enrollees needs in helping by career counselors; identifies the preferred forms of higher education by persons with disabilities; characterizes the needs of people with disabilities in special equipment and services in obtaining higher education, as well as in adaptation of educational programs in the university. The resulting practical-oriented conclusions concern both purpose and content of the work with disabled enrollees from among school graduates as well as approaches to the organization of higher education for persons with disabilities.

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Jordans, Mark J. D., Nagendra P. Luitel, Emily Garman, Brandon A. Kohrt, Sujit D. Rathod, Pragya Shrestha, Ivan H. Komproe, Crick Lund y Vikram Patel. "Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal". British Journal of Psychiatry 215, n.º 2 (25 de enero de 2019): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.300.

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BackgroundEvidence shows benefits of psychological treatments in low-resource countries, yet few government health systems include psychological services.AimEvaluating the clinical value of adding psychological treatments, delivered by community-based counsellors, to primary care-based mental health services for depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD), as recommended by the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).MethodTwo randomised controlled trials, separately for depression and AUD, were carried out. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to mental healthcare delivered by mhGAP-trained primary care workers (psychoeducation and psychotropic medicines when indicated), or the same services plus individual psychological treatments (Healthy Activity Program for depression and Counselling for Alcohol Problems). Primary outcomes were symptom severity, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 item (PHQ-9) for depression and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for AUD, and functional impairment, measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), at 12 months post-enrolment.ResultsParticipants with depression in the intervention arm (n = 60) had greater reduction in PHQ-9 and WHODAS scores compared with participants in the control (n = 60) (PHQ-9: M = −5.90, 95% CI −7.55 to −4.25, β = −3.68, 95% CI −5.68 to −1.67, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.66; WHODAS: M = −12.21, 95% CI −19.58 to −4.84, β = −10.74, 95% CI −19.96 to −1.53, P= 0.022, Cohen's d = 0.42). For the AUD trial, no significant effect was found when comparing control (n = 80) and intervention participants (n = 82).ConclusionAdding a psychological treatment delivered by community-based counsellors increases treatment effects for depression compared with only mhGAP-based services by primary health workers 12 months post-treatment.Declaration of interestNone.

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Siswoyo, Siswoyo, Kushariyadi Kushariyadi y Deby Febriyani Purwitasari. "Gambaran Kualitas Hidup - Fungsi Penglihatan Pasien dengan Glaukoma di Poli Mata Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Jember". Pustaka Kesehatan 7, n.º 3 (25 de octubre de 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/pk.v7i3.11366.

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Glaucoma is a neuro-optic disease characterized by an increase of IOP and progressive and incurable. Most cases of glaucoma do not show initial symptoms until there is a decrease in vision to blindness. This visual impairment can have an impact on the individual's ability to doing daily activities and will affect the quality of life-related to the visual function. This study aims to analyze the quality of life (vision function) in glaucoma patients at dr. Soebandi hospital, Baladhika Husada hospital, and Bina Sehat hospital in Jember Regency. The type of research is descriptive quantitative. 73 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling technique. Data collection using the Glaucoma Quality of Life 15 questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate. The results of the study were 47 respondents (64.4%) had a good quality of life and 26 respondents (35.6%) had a poor quality of life. In conclusion, the quality of life (vision function) of glaucoma patients is in a good category. This means that respondents can still do their daily activities independently with the help of glasses or not. The implication of this research is that nurses act as educators and counselors to provide all information about glaucoma and determine further planning to help improve patients' quality of life.

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McMahon, Elaine M., Marta Buszewicz, Mark Griffin, Jennifer Beecham, Eva-Maria Bonin, Felicitas Rost, Kate Walters y Michael King. "Chronic and Recurrent Depression in Primary Care: Socio-Demographic Features, Morbidity, and Costs". International Journal of Family Medicine 2012 (6 de junio de 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/316409.

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Background. Major depression is often chronic or recurrent and is usually treated within primary care. Little is known about the associated morbidity and costs. Objectives. To determine socio-demographic characteristics of people with chronic or recurrent depression in primary care and associated morbidity, service use, and costs. Method. 558 participants were recruited from 42 GP practices in the UK. All participants had a history of chronic major depression, recurrent major depression, or dysthymia. Participants completed questionnaires including the BDI-II, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Euroquol, and Client Service Receipt Inventory documenting use of primary care, mental health, and other services. Results. The sample was characterised by high levels of depression, functional impairment, and high service use and costs. The majority (74%) had been treated with an anti-depressant, while few had seen a counsellor (15%) or a psychologist (3%) in the preceding three months. The group with chronic major depression was most depressed and impaired with highest service use, whilst those with dysthymia were least depressed, impaired, and costly to support but still had high morbidity and associated costs. Conclusion. This is a patient group with very significant morbidity and high costs. Effective interventions to reduce both are required.

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Deutschbein, Timo, Cornelia Jaursch-Hancke, Ulrich J. Knappe, Wolfgang Saeger, Jörg Flitsch, Jörg Bojunga, Michael Buchfelder et al. "First German Guideline on Diagnostics and Therapy of Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Tumors". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 129, n.º 03 (marzo de 2021): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1373-4087.

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AbstractAlthough non-functioning pituitary tumors are frequent, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts are not well standardized. We here present the first German multidisciplinary guideline on this topic. The single most important message is to manage the patients by a multidisciplinary team (consisting at least of an endocrinologist, a neurosurgeon, and a (neuro-) radiologist). The initial diagnostic work-up comprises a detailed characterization of both biochemical (focusing on hormonal excess or deficiency states) and morphological aspects (with magnetic resonance imaging of the sellar region). An ophthalmological examination is only needed in presence of symptoms or large tumors affecting the visual system. Asymptomatic, hormonally inactive tumors allow for a 'wait and scan' strategy. In contrast, surgical treatment by an experienced pituitary surgeon is standard of care in case of (impending) visual impairment. Therapeutic options for incompletely resected or recurrent tumors include re-operation, radiotherapy, and observation; the individual treatment plan should be developed multidisciplinary. Irrespective of the therapeutic approach applied, patients require long-term follow-up. Patient with larger pituitary tumors or former surgery/radiotherapy should be regularly counseled regarding potential symptoms of hormonal deficiency states.

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Zellner, Leonhard, Florian Herpich, David Brieber, Margit Herle, Peter Zwanzger y Alexander Brunnauer. "Protocol for the conceptualization and evaluation of a screening-tool for fitness-to-drive assessment in older people with cognitive impairment". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2021): e0256262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256262.

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Introduction Due to aging and health status people may be subjected to a decrease of cognitive ability and subsequently also a decline of driving safety. On the other hand there is a lack of valid and economically applicable instruments to assess driving performance. Objective The study is designed to develop a valid screening-tool for fitness-to-drive assessment in older people with cognitive impairment externally validated on the basis of on-road driving performance. Methods In a single-centre, non-randomized cross-sectional trial cognitive functioning and on-road-driving-behavior of older drivers will be assessed. Forty participants with cognitive impairment of different etiology and 40 healthy controls will undergo an extensive neuropsychological assessment. Additionally, an on-road driving assessment for external validation of fitness to drive will be carried out. Primary outcome measures will be performance in attention, executive functions and visuospatial tasks that will be validated with respect to performance on the on-road-driving-test. Secondary outcome measures will be sociodemographic, clinical- and driving characteristics to systematically examine their influence on the prediction of driving behavior. Discussion In clinical practice counselling patients with respect to driving safety is of great relevance. Thus, having valid, reliable, time economical and easily interpretable screening-tools on hand to counsel patients is of great relevance for practitioners. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich. The trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and various conferences. Trial registration 18–640. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register. Registration number: DRKS00023549.

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Sinha, Sweta, Manjula S. Patil, R. G. Viveki y Sunanda Halki. "Prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in an urban area of Karnataka, India: a cross sectional study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n.º 5 (24 de abril de 2020): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201982.

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Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes depressive disorders as priority mental health disorder of adolescence due to its high prevalence, recurrence, ability to cause significant complications and impairment. Emotional instability resulted in adolescent period make them vulnerable to depression. Depression is one of the under recognized health problem among adolescents. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the school going adolescents of urban area of Belgaum, Karnataka. The self-administered questionnaire of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) II was used to assess the prevalence of depression. Data was analysed using MS-Excel 2007, SPSS software version 22.0, proportion and chi-square test were applied.Results: The overall prevalence of depression in this study was 62.60%. Association between sex, type of family and socio-economic status was not statistically significant. Mild depression was more prevalent among the adolescents in the present study.Conclusions: We recommend that teachers and parents be made aware of this problem with help of school counsellors so that the depressed adolescent can be identified and helped rather than suffer silently.

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Monni, Aleya Ferdush, Rezwana Sobhan, Md Faruque Pathan, Faria Afsana y Feroz Amin. "An 11-year-old girl with genital ambiguity: a case of non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia". BIRDEM Medical Journal 10, n.º 3 (23 de agosto de 2020): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v10i3.48717.

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describes a group of autosomal disorders where there is impairment of cortisol biosynthesis. Here is a case of 11-year-old girl who presented with enlargement of external genitalia, excessive growth of hair in pubis, axilla, face and lower limbs along with growth spurt, excessive sweating and deepening of voice for 4 years. On examination she had normal body habitus, hirsutism (modified Ferriman- Gallwey Score-8), acanthosis nigricans in neck and axillary region, Tanner staging revealed stage-II breast development and stage IV female pattern pubic hair. Genitalia examination showed clitoromegaly with normal labia majora, minora and urethral position. Chromosomal analysis showed a normal female 46XX karyotype with normal uterus and bilateral ovaries on ultrasonography. Serum testosterone was elevated and 17- hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) was mildly elevated, raising the suspicion of non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia which was confirmed later by performing short Synacthen test. Patient and her parents were counseled regarding the diagnosis and clitoroplasty was done and prednisolone 5 mg daily at night in reverse circadian rhythm started. After 3 months of treatment, her hirsutism significantly reduced and menstruation had begun. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(3): 204-206

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Hardcastle, Valerie Gray, M. K. Kitzmiller y Shelby Lahey. "The Impact of Neuroscience Data in Criminal Cases". New Criminal Law Review 21, n.º 2 (2018): 291–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2018.21.2.291.

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Data regarding gender disparities in sentencing are contradictory. We argue that one reason for the mixed results is that female defendants who commit similar crimes are treated differently depending upon whether the defense portrays them as someone with serious mental deficiencies or as a normal person who got caught up in abnormal circumstances. We suggest that judges and juries use neuroscience data to support their preconceived notions of what “bad” women are like, even as defense counsel presents these data to support claims that their clients are less culpable. Using a case study approach, we do a pair-wise comparison of four appellate decisions in which female defendants were accused of committing similar crimes under similar circumstances, but for whom data regarding brain impairments differed substantially to determine what difference the neuroscience data might make in case outcomes. This analysis provides preliminary data suggesting that neuroscience data can act to promote a defendant’s blameworthiness even as it is used to mitigate the findings.

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Prachi Kothari, Ashok K. Srivastava y Neha Sharma. "Social & Behavioural Problems among School Going Adolescents of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand". Indian Journal of Community Health 33, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.016.

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Background: Mental health disorder is a major cause of impairment in youth aged between 9 to 17 years as one in every fifth youth has a mental disorder. In India, the prevalence of mental problems among adolescents is 14.3%. Objective: To find out the proportion of social and behavioural problems among adolescents and their association with the sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 school going adolescents (11-17years). All the study participants were recruited through non-probability sampling technique. Data was collected through Google Forms. For assessing the social and behavioural problems, Strength and Difficulty questionnaire (SDQ) was used. Result: There were 76 (50.7%) males and 74 (49.3%) females in this study. 16% of school going children were categorized as “abnormal”, 12% as borderline and 72.% as normal for social and behavioural problems based on scores of SDQ. The findings have implications that gender do play a role in affecting mental health status.Conclusions: Mental health problems are one of the most common and highly prevalent disorders among adolescents in India. For addressing psycho-social problems among adolescents there is a dire need of counsellors. Training of parents as well as teachers should be conducted for timely intervention.

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Abel, Taylor J., Robert T. Buckley, Ryan P. Morton, Patrik Gabikian y Daniel L. Silbergeld. "Recurrent Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome Following Repeat Brain Tumor Resection Involving Supplementary Motor Cortex". Operative Neurosurgery 11, n.º 3 (18 de junio de 2015): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000847.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome occurs after surgery involving the SMA and is characterized by contralateral hemiparesis with or without speech impairment (dependent on involvement of the dominant SMA), which is transient and characteristically resolves over the course of weeks to months. Recurrent SMA syndrome after repeat craniotomy has not been previously described. OBJECTIVE To describe the presentation and clinical course of patients who developed recurrent SMA syndrome after redo resection of tumors involving the SMA. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent repeated resection of low-grade glioma from the superior and middle frontal gyrus. Of these patients, we identified 6 cases of recurrent SMA syndrome. RESULTS Six patients had a documented SMA syndrome occurring after initial and subsequent resection of tumor in proximity to the SMA. Intraoperative localization of eloquent motor and language cortex was achieved in each patient by using a combination of somatosensory evoked potentials and electrocortical stimulation mapping. Location of tumor and extent of resection was examined with magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION This series demonstrates that recurrent SMA syndrome occurs in patients undergoing repeat resection of tumors involving the SMA. The presence of recurrent SMA syndrome provides support for reorganization of SMA function to adjacent ipsilateral cortex after resection. Patients with recurrent neoplasms of the SMA should be counseled on the possibility of recurrent SMA syndrome.

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