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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Courts, california"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Rosenthal, Michael P. "The Constitutionality of Involuntary Civil Commitment of Opiate Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 4 (1988): 641–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800409.

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This paper deals with the constitutionality of involuntary treatment of opiate addicts. Although the first laws permitting involuntary treatment of opiate addicts were enacted in the second half of the nineteenth century, addicts were not committed in large numbers until California and New York enacted new civil commitment legislation in the 1960s. Inevitably, the courts were called upon to decide if involuntary treatment was constitutional. Both the California and New York courts decided that it was. These decisions were heavily influenced by statements made by the United States Supreme Court

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2

Gottlieb, Jessica J., Ethan L. Hutt, and Benjamin M. Superfine. "Causal Stories inVergara v. California." Educational Policy 34, no. 4 (2018): 559–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818802110.

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In 2012, families in California filed a lawsuit alleging that five state statutes governing teacher tenure, dismissal, and seniority together violate the state constitution’s requirements for equal protection. Central to the case were competing narratives about the relationship between these statutes, the work of teachers, and the achievement of students. This article analyzes those narratives utilizing the trial court transcripts and judicial opinions in Vergara v. California. We find that despite reaching divergent rulings, the trial and appellate courts provided highly typified accounts of

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3

Paoletti, Dennis, and Clifford Ham. "Lessons learned that impact acoustics from the California Courts Program." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011302.

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Architect Clifford Ham served as the Project Director and Principal Architect for the Judicial Council of California Administrative Office of the Courts. He was responsible for overseeing more than 450 court facilities throughout California. Projects ranged from renovations and small single court buildings in remote locations to new multistory (31 and 71 multiple purpose courtrooms) in dense major urban areas. As an architect, with courtroom design experience, he was able to efficaciously support all aspects of design, engineering, and specialty consulting. Throughout the process, projects wer

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4

Kim, Robert. "Under the Law: How is your community depicted in the curriculum? Who decides?" Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 5 (2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721721992571.

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A case in California reaffirms that courts are reluctant to intervene when families are concerned about school curricula. In CAPEEM v. Torlakson, parents of Hindu children complained that the state’s history and social science standards are framework discriminated against them by inaccurately and disparingingly representing their faith. Bob Kim describes the plaintiffs’ arguments, the case’s journey through the courts, and how the court’s ruling against the plaintiffs relates to other cases involving objections to school curricula.

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5

Weill, Wendi F. "California Courts encourage early ADR use." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 12, no. 9 (1994): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.3810120908.

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6

Bleemer, Russ. "California courts face tough arbitration questions." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 24, no. 10 (2006): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.20153.

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7

Rogers, Alan. "State Constitutionalism and the Death Penalty." Journal of Policy History 20, no. 1 (2008): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.0.0011.

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Concerned that the United States Supreme Court's abolition of the death penalty in Furman v. Georgia (1972) would not be sustained, abolitionists turned to state supreme courts. Through their efforts, two states succeeded in realizing that goal: California, briefly, and Massachusetts, where the death penalty remains unconstitutional.

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8

Wright, Kathleen K., and Stewart S. Karlinsky. "Taxes versus Fees: Lead Paint and LLCs." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 5, no. 1 (2007): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2007.5.1.57.

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This paper discusses the rather blurred distinction between fees and taxes, particularly for states like California where enactment of a tax requires a two-thirds vote while fees can be enacted with a simple majority. We discuss the California Supreme Court decision in Sinclair Paint wherein the Court adopted a broad definition of a fee. Many taxpayers feared that this would open the flood gates for enactment of fee legislation both in California and nationwide. We examine recent legislative and judicial trends in enactment of fee legislation and court interpretations following Sinclair Paint.

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9

Felthous, Alan R. "The Ever Confusing Jurisprudence of the Psychotherapist's Duty to Protect." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 17, no. 4 (1989): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318538901700403.

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When the duty to protect of Tarasoff was imposed upon psychotherapists by the Supreme Court of California, therapists in other states wondered whether or not other courts would adopt the legal reasoning and apply the Tarasoff Principle to them. Resulting court decisions have been much more complex and contradictory than this early question would suggest. Even the legal underpinnings of the Tarasoff Principle, where it has been adopted, are diverse: it is as amorphous and plastic as any principle can be, molded so differently by various courts. This updated review argues that the trend toward d

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10

Shear, Leslie Ellen. "CHILDREN'S LAWYERS IN CALIFORNIA FAMILY LAW COURTS." Family Court Review 34, no. 2 (2005): 256–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.1996.tb00419.x.

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11

Superfine, Benjamin Michael, Regina R. Umpstead, David Mayrowetz, Sarah Winchell Lenhoff, and Ben Pogodzinski. "Science and Politics in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association." Educational Policy 32, no. 2 (2017): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904817741545.

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In March 2017, the Supreme Court decided Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association and upheld the constitutionality of agency fees for nonunion teachers. We examine how Friedrichs reflects a host of issues grouped around a patchwork of ideological commitments regarding teachers unions and public-sector unions more generally, partisan politics, and empirically oriented claims about the impact of teachers unions on students’ educational opportunities. We particularly argue that the case reflects a tension between judicial, scientific, and democratic decision-making, and that courts and refor

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12

Castro Souza, Cássio Bruno. "Transnational judicial dialogue and worker protection in the gig economy." Revista Chilena de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social 14, no. 28 (2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-7551.2023.64956.

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Can transnational judicial dialogue be an efficient mechanism to protect workers’ labor rights in the gig economy? As long as digital platforms operate transnationally, the negative externalities generated by them —especially regarding compliance with labor regulatory standards— become common problems in the countries of a given region. The aim of the research is to answer this problem, and in order to do so a broad literature review and a study of the cases Uber Technologies Inc. v. Heller, Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court and case Uber B.V. and others v Aslam and others, judge

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13

Berrick, Jill Duerr, Jonathan Dickens, Tarja Pösö, and Marit Skivenes. "International Perspectives on Child-responsive Courts." International Journal of Children’s Rights 26, no. 2 (2018): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602011.

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Child friendly justice and access to justice for children are explicit concerns for the European Union, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Council of Europe and the Child Rights International Network. This study examines court systems as child-responsive by eliciting the views of judicial decision makers on child protection cases (n = 1,479) in four legal systems (England, Finland, Norway and the USA (represented by California)), based on an online survey. In this paper, we asked judicial officials who have the authority to make care order decisions how they view the child-friendlin

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14

Zangi, Soheyl, Nejad Ali Almasi, and Hossein Mehrpour Mohammadabadi. "Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Iranian Law with a View to Judicial Practice." Comparative Studies in Jurisprudence, Law, and Politics 7, no. 1 (2025): 286–301. https://doi.org/10.61838/csjlp.7.1.17.

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The objective of the present article is to examine the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Iranian law with a view to judicial practice. The results indicate that, in the Iranian legal system, foreign judgments are enforceable when the issuing country, according to its domestic laws, or through a treaty or court order, recognizes judgments issued by Iran as valid. If a foreign judgment is rejected by an Iranian court due to incompatibility with Iranian public order and good morals, contradiction with international treaties, involvement with immovable property located in Iran, o

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15

Lammers, John C. "The Accommodation of Chinese Immigrants in Early California Courts." Sociological Perspectives 31, no. 4 (1988): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388970.

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Most histories today emphasize the overwhelming antagonism toward Chinese immigrants in the initial period of California history. Citing press accounts, congressional testimony, and the diaries of the time, historians have noted that anti-Chinese sentiments rested upon a host of social, political, and economic differences. These culminated in agitation on the part of the white working classes for the expulsion of the Chinese. When the Chinese were finally excluded by federal law in 1882, they had been subjected to a wide variety of racist laws, including taxation, prohibition of testimony, dis

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16

Powers, Jeanne M., and Kathryn P. Chapman. "Protecting Teachers or Protecting Children? Media Representations of Vergara v. California." International Journal of Sociology of Education 6, no. 2 (2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rise.2017.2328.

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Over the past five years, the laws governing teachers’ employment have been at the center of legal and political conflicts in state courts and elections across the United States. Vergara v. California challenged five California state statutes that provide employment protections for teachers. Drawing on the theory of political spectacle, we conducted a media content analysis of 42 print news media articles published prior to the court’s decision in June 2014. Two aspects of political spectacle, the use of metaphor and the illusion of rationality were the most salient and deployed in ways that w

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17

Lehner, Larry. "MEDIATION PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN THE CALIFORNIA FAMILY COURTS." Family Court Review 30, no. 2 (2005): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.1992.tb01046.x.

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18

Ricci, Isolina, Charlene E. Depner, and Karen V. Cannata. "PROFILE: CHILD CUSTODY MEDIATION SERVICES IN CALIFORNIA SUPERIOR COURTS." Family Court Review 30, no. 2 (2005): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.1992.tb01048.x.

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19

Hough, Bonnie Rose. "Description of California courts' programs for self-represented litigants." International Journal of the Legal Profession 11, no. 3 (2004): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09695950500036626.

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20

McClain, Charles. "Of Medicine, Race, and American Law: The Bubonic Plague Outbreak of 1900." Law & Social Inquiry 13, no. 03 (1988): 447–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1988.tb01126.x.

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In March of 1900 several cases of bubonic plague were discovered in San Francisco's Chinatom. In response the health authorities, at the instance of the Surgeon General of the United States, sought to implement a series of extraordinarily coercive measures aimed at the city's Asian inhabitants. The measures provoked an uproar among the Chinese, and they determined to challenge them in the federal Circuit Court for the Northern District of California. This essay, based on extensive research in court records, the archives of the U.S. Public Health Service, and press accounts in English and Chine

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21

RICH, BEN A. "The Tyranny of Judicial Formalism: Oral Directives and the Clear and Convincing Evidence Standard." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11, no. 3 (2002): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180102113119.

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A decision by the Supreme Court of California in the case Conservatorship of Wendland, issued in August 2001, forces us once again to confront the all-too-common situation in which an individual has, on multiple occasions, expressed strongly held personal convictions about life-sustaining interventions but failed to incorporate those convictions into a formal advance directive. Many courts have recognized that lay citizens do not consistently resort to written legal formalities in their day-to-day lives, and reasonable accommodation must be made to this fundamental fact about human nature. How

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22

Hanemann, Michael, and Michael Young. "Water rights reform and water marketing: Australia vs the US West." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36, no. 1 (2020): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz037.

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Abstract We consider the connection between water marketing and the modification of property rights to water in Australia, highlighting the Australian’s distinctiveness through a contrast with water rights in the western US (especially California). Australia started out the same as California, but in the 1880s it abandoned California’s system and adopted a new approach, ending the common law property right to water and creating a statutory right that could be modified by administrative fiat. This shifted the arena for dispute resolution from courts to parliaments. It eliminated the seniority i

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23

Pryby, Christopher. "Forensic Border Searches After Carpenter Require Probable Cause and a Warrant." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.3 (2019): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.3.forensic.

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Under the border search doctrine, courts have upheld the federal government's practice of searching people and their possessions upon entry into or exit from the United States, without any requirement of suspicion, as reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Since the advent of electronic devices with large storage capacities, courts have grappled with whether this definition of reasonableness continues to apply. So far, courts have consistently characterized “nonforensic” border inspections of electronic devices (for example, paging through photos on a phone) as “routine” searches that, like in

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24

Thoennes, Nancy. "AN EVALUATION OF CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION IN FIVE CALIFORNIA COURTS." Family Court Review 35, no. 2 (2005): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.1997.tb00458.x.

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25

Butler, Brooke. "Women Who Kill Men: California Courts, Gender, and the Press." Psychology of Women Quarterly 35, no. 1 (2011): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684310388743.

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26

Hanna, Cheryl. "Women Who Kill Men: California Courts, Gender, and the Press." American Journal of Legal History 50, no. 4 (2010): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/50.4.460.

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27

Coleman, Carl H., and Tracy E. Miller. "Stemming the Tide: Assisted Suicide and the Constitution." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 4 (1995): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01384.x.

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On November 8, 1994, Oregon became the first state in the nation to legalize assisted suicide. Passage of Proposition 16 was a milestone in the campaign to make assisted suicide a legal option. The culmination of years of effort, the Oregon vote followed on the heels of failed referenda in California and Washington, and other unsuccessful attempts to enact state laws guaranteeing the right to suicide assistance. Indeed, in 1993, four states passed laws strengthening or clarifying their ban against assisted suicide. No doubt, Proposition 16 is likely to renew the effort to legalize assisted sui

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28

DeMitchell, Todd A. "Teacher Bilingual Instruction and Educational Malpractice: California Teachers Association v. Davis." International Journal of Educational Reform 9, no. 3 (2000): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105678790000900312.

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29

Watnick, Valerie. "Federal Preemption of Tort Claims Under FIFRA: The Erosion of a Defense." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 36.2 (2025): 419. https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.36.2.federal.

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With the growth of federal regulation in the last century, federal preemption of state law has been an evolving issue in the area of toxic torts litigation. The preemption doctrine occupies a particularly prominent place in the area of pesticide-related litigation as the judiciary has struggled to decide what, if any, tort claims are preempted by the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1972 ("FIFRA "), the federal statute governing the sale and labeling of pesticides in the United States. In Etcheverry v. Tri-Ag Serv. Inc., 22 Cal. 4th 316, 93 Cal. Rptr2d 36 (2000), a case hea

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30

Week, Lauren. "Cultural Resources, Conquest, and Courts: How State Court Approaches to Statutory Interpretation Diminish Indigenous Cultural Resources Protections in California, Hawai‘i, and Washington." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 12.1 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.12.1.cultural.

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Critical Race Theory identifies two of the United States’ original sins: slavery and conquest; yet, while the former is well known, the latter is simultaneously obvious and unknown, creating a disconnect between the history of violent conquest to the disparities that continue to afflict indigenous communities today. This lack of understanding and acknowledgement also permeates the federal courts—an issue extensively documented by Critical Race Theory and federal Indian law academics. Yet, limited scholarship has interrogated if and how state judicial systems may parallel the failures of federa

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31

Saito, Akira. "Relational analysis of the international commercial court and international arbitration to improve the legal environment for resolving international business disputes." Impact 2021, no. 3 (2021): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.46.

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Business is becoming more and more globalised, resulting in increased competitiveness, which drives down prices and provides a greater variety of choice for consumers. However, there are also challenges presented by the globalisation of businesses and international commercial courts across the globe exist to navigate these issues. Globalised businesses are subject to the legal judgements of the country in which they are based, as well as the legal judgements of the countries in which they operate. Therefore, the presence of international commercial courts is crucial for promoting the use of in

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32

Byrne, Francine, Richard Schauffler, Lisa Lightman, Michael Finigan, and Shannon Carey. "California Drug Courts: A Methodology for Determining Costs and Avoided Costs." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 36, sup2 (2004): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2004.10400050.

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33

Strickland, Julia B., Scott M. Pearson, and Stephen J. Newman. "Summer class actions: U.S. and California Supreme Courts revisit arbitrability issues." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 23, no. 8 (2005): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.20087.

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34

Sonsteng-Person, Melanie, Lucero Herrera, Tia koonse, and Noah D. Zatz. "“Any Alternative Is Great If I’m Incarcerated”: A Case Study of Court-Ordered Community Service in Los Angeles County." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 1 (2020): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820923373.

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California courts increasingly order community service for those convicted of nonviolent and minor misdemeanors or infractions, assigning unpaid work to be performed. While court-ordered community service has been used as an alternative to incarceration and the payment of fines, little is known about the monetary and personal costs for those completing it. A case study design is used to examine court-ordered community service performed in Southeast Los Angeles. Data were gathered from a quantitative dataset of 541 court files of those assigned to community service and 32 in-depth interviews wi

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35

Scammon, Debra L., and Mary Jane Sheffet. "Market Share Liability: An Analysis since Sindell." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 11, no. 1 (1992): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569201100101.

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The market share liability (MSL) theory generated much concern among marketers when it was introduced in the Sindell case in California in 1980. In the twelve years since that decision, courts in several states have considered the applicability of MSL in a variety of situations and have refined the theory considerably. This paper surveys key cases since 1980 and concludes that MSL has been upheld only by a handful of states and only in cases involving diethylstilbestrol (DES). The issues raised in Sindell and the ways in which courts have dealt with these issues are examined, and a policy solu

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36

Miller, Larisa K. "The Decline of the Northern California Indian Association." California History 99, no. 3 (2022): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2022.99.3.25.

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Thousands of Indians in Northern California were landless, impoverished, and all but forgotten at the turn of the twentieth century. The Northern California Indian Association (NCIA), formed by Christian women in the Santa Clara Valley, sought to improve conditions for these people and spurred the federal government to provide them with land. After fifteen years of success and growth, in the 1910s the NCIA pivoted from supporting direct fieldwork among the Indians to establishing an Indian industrial school near Sacramento. A fire at the school in 1917 caused a devastating setback for the asso

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37

Cleary, Megan. "Malpractice & Negligence: State Supreme Courts Limit Therapists’ Duties to Third Parties." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 2 (1999): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500012985.

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In recent years, the law in the area of recovered memories in child sexual abuse cases has developed rapidly. See J.K. Murray, “Repression, Memory & Suggestibility: A Call for Limitations on the Admissibility of Repressed Memory Testimony in Abuse Trials,” University of Colorado Law Review, 66 (1995): 477-522, at 479. Three cases have defined the scope of liability to third parties. The cases, decided within six months of each other, all involved lawsuits by third parties against therapists, based on treatment in which the patients recovered memories of sexual abuse. The New Hampshire Supr

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Burns, Stacy Lee, and Mark Peyrot. "Tough Love: Nurturing and Coercing Responsibility and Recovery in California Drug Courts." Social Problems 50, no. 3 (2003): 416–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2003.50.3.416.

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Sonkin, Daniel J. "Clairvoyance vs. Common Sense: Therapist’s Duty to Warn and Protect." Violence and Victims 1, no. 1 (1986): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.1.1.7.

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This article addresses the issue of a therapist’s duty to warn and protect victims of domestic violence. In three different cases, California courts have found therapists liable for violent acts perpetrated by clients in their care. Based on the landmark Tarasoff case that mandated the therapist to report threats made by their clients regarding a specific victim, the courts have now extended the therapist’s duty to include the reporting of those clients they assess as dangerous but who have not made specific threats, as well as the protection of unintended victims of violence, such as children

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40

Seinfeld, Gil. "Climate Change Litigation in the Federal Courts: Jurisdictional Lessons from California v. BP." Michigan Law Review Online, no. 117 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.online.117.climate.

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On March 21 of this year, something unusual took place at a U.S. courthouse in San Francisco: a group of scientists and attorneys provided Federal District Judge William H. Alsup with a crash course in climate science. The five-hour tutorial was ordered by Judge Alsup in connection with a lawsuit that had been filed by the cities of Oakland and San Francisco (“the Cities”) against the world’s five largest producers of fossil fuels. The central issue in the case is whether the energy companies can be held liable for continuing to market fossil fuels long after they learned that such fuels contr

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41

Bagley, Nicholas. "California v. Texas — Ending the Campaign to Undo the ACA in the Courts." New England Journal of Medicine 385, no. 8 (2021): 673–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2110516.

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42

Bakken, Gordon Morris. "The Courts, the Legal Profession, and the Development of Law in Early California." California History 81, no. 3-4 (2003): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25161700.

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Artemova, Anastasiia. "Use of Copyright Works in Machine Learning: Search for a Balance of Interests of Copyright Holders and Society." Respublica Literaria 5, no. 3 (2014): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2024.5.3.184-194.

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The introduction of artificial intelligence opens up great opportunities, but at the same time poses new challenges for legislators and courts. One of these challenges is to find a balance between the interests of copyright holders of works used in machine learning and society interested in the development of artificial intelligence technology. In the article, the author analyzes the state of current copyright legislation and law enforcement practice. The subject of the study is a copyright infringement lawsuit filed by a group of writers (Paul Tremblay et al.) against the artificial intellige

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44

Fritz, Christian G. "A Nineteenth Century "Habeas Corpus Mill": The Chinese before the Federal Courts in California." American Journal of Legal History 32, no. 4 (1988): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845742.

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45

Van Vleck, Va Nee L., and David Vera. "Cops and/or courts? A heterogeneous panel Granger-causality analysis of DUI in California." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 3 (2017): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2015-0163.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction of enforcement and adjudication for general deterrence of drunk-driving. The authors present a triangular feedback model between three domains: police, courts and drunk-driving events. The authors’ deductive approach imposes no structural assumptions beyond the core of general deterrence theory. Design/methodology/approach Using a largely untapped data set for California’s 58 counties from 1990 to 2010, the authors estimate a series of heterogeneous panel Granger non-causality tests. This empirically based evidence is re-organized

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46

Tinker, John N., John Quiring, and Yvonne Pimentel. "Ethnic Bias in California Courts: A Case Study of Chicano and Anglo Felony Defendants." Sociological Inquiry 55, no. 1 (1985): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1985.tb00852.x.

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47

Pisani, Donald J. "The Squatter and Natural Law in Nineteenth-Century America." Agricultural History 81, no. 4 (2007): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.4.443.

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Abstract In the decade before the California Gold Rush, the popular idea that Americans held a natural right to land as a legacy of the American Revolution was enriched and expanded by such events as the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island, the Anti-Rent War in New York, the flood of Irish refugees into New York City, growing opposition to the expansion of slavery into new territories acquired during the war with Mexico, and the Revolution of 1848 in Europe. These events strengthened popular sovereignty and the notion that human beings had rights that transcended those defined by legislatures, cour

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Almomani, Hala Fayiz, Rama linggam Rajamanikam, and Muhamad Helmi Md. Said. "Community Service Provisions as an Alternative Punishment in Jordanian Legislation." Journal of Posthumanism 5, no. 3 (2025): 1760–77. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i3.1397.

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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of community service punishment provisions in the Jordanian Penal Code compared to the practical provisions followed in the state of California, derived from the California Penal Code, system, and constitution. By employing a legal analysis approach alongside an extensive review of relevant literature and real-life case studies, we sought to gain deeper insights into the impact of community service penalties in Jordan compared to their impact in California. This, in turn, will positively contribute to improving the procedures followed in Jordanian l

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Bush, Ellen M. "Access to Governors' Records: State Statutes and the Use of Executive Privilege." Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 1 (1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100113.

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This study looks at open records laws in all fifty states to determine where governors' records are open. The study also examines state appellate case law regarding access to records and governors' use of executive privilege. Reasons behind the executive privilege theory and the advantages and disadvantages for the public are explored. Recent cases in California, Alaska, and Virginia indicate a change in the type of material governors seek to protect using executive privilege. State courts have protected factual material such as appointment files, schedules, and phone bills, rather than just d

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Fore, Wyatt. "A Joyful Heart Is Good Medicine: Sexuality Conversion Bans in the Courts." Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, no. 21.2 (2014): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.21.2.joyful.

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Led by California and New Jersey, states have begun to ban Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE) for minors. States have targeted SOCE, also called ‘gay conversion therapy,’ by regulating state licensure requirements for mental health professionals. Conservative legal groups have challenged these bans in federal court, alleging a variety of constitutional violations sounding in the First and Fourteenth Amendments. More specifically, these legal groups propose theories claiming that the bans infringe upon individuals’ freedom of speech, free exercise, and parental rights. In this Note, I sur

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