Tesis: "Crime statistics"

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Johnson, Andrew, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Social Inquiry, and School of Ecology. "Crime, governance and numbers : a genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Johnson_A.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/535.

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This thesis is an intellectual genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales. It is a history of a system of thought which is one of the contemporary foundations of the way we interpret the nature and extent of crime today. It argues that the incitement to annually record crime statistics in New South Wales, and internationally, is immediately connected with a will to govern crime. This thesis traces this bonding of the technology of crime statistics with mentalities of government, and maintains that although the connection of these two discourses has been highly effective, it has not been one of universal domination. This is a history of the continuous state practice of compiling and publishing crime statistics. But it is also a history of discontinuities. This thesis regularly investigates shifts in the categories of recording. It locates changes in what is recorded by broadening its discussion to include localised and international debates on crime that are contemporaneous to these changes. This is not a thesis with a project to improve the way in which we record or utilise crime statistics. Its project is to write a history of how we came to record crime statistics and how we have intended to utilise these crime statistics in our practices of government. It traces the rise of counting crime and interrogates it as one of the key technologies deployed in the government of crime Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Stein, Stacey M. "An Evaluator's Perspective on Youngstown's Northside Weed and Seed Strategy, Year One." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1221230629.

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9

Ogden, Mitchell. "Communications and Methodologies in Crime Geography: Contemporary Approaches to Disseminating Criminal Incidence and Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3652.

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Many tools exist to assist law enforcement agencies in mitigating criminal activity. For centuries, academics used statistics in the study of crime and criminals, and more recently, police departments make use of spatial statistics and geographic information systems in that pursuit. Clustering and hot spot methods of analysis are popular in this application for their relative simplicity of interpretation and ease of process. With recent advancements in geospatial technology, it is easier than ever to publicly share data through visual communication tools like web applications and dashboards. Sharing data and results of analyses boosts transparency and the public image of police agencies, an image important to maintaining public trust in law enforcement and active participation in community safety.

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10

Padhye, Manoday D. "Use of data mining for investigation of crime patterns." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4836.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 108 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-81).

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Haggerty, Kevin Daniel. "Making crime count : a study of the institutional production of criminal justice statistics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ34528.pdf.

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12

Merrall, Elizabeth Lai Chui. "Applications of statistics in criminal justice and associated health issues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610340.

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13

Yang, Hui. "Adjusting for Bounding and Time-in-Sample Eects in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Property Crime Rate Estimation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452167047.

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14

Wendel, Dierdre L. (Dierdre Lynelle). "Structural Causes of Transnational Terrorism: a Cross-National Longitudinal Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278590/.

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This study provides a first attempt at building a multivariate model to explain terrorist activity by including six national factors proposed to have a relationship to the number of terrorist events occurring in a given nation and the number of terrorist incidents attributed to groups primarily identified with a given nation. These factors include rate of population growth, level of economic development, economic growth rate, level of democracy, presence of leftist regime type, and level of repression. After applying Ordinary Least Squares to these national factors in both a cross-sectional and a pooled cross-sectional time series analysis, only the level of democracy, the level of repression, and the lagged endogenous variables representing previous terrorist activity demonstrated strong and statistically significant relationships to the two dependent variables tested in both designs.

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Wentzlof, Chloe Ann. "A Comparision of Classification Models for Predicting Criminal Case Disposition of Police Crime in the United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1554993250668438.

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Kress, Linda. "Analysis of computer science curriculum through development of an online crime reporting system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4601.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 189 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-189).

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Barthuly, Bryce Edward. "Spatial Analysis of Burglary and Robbery Crime Concentration Near Mass-Transit in Portland." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5034.

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The relationship between mass-transit and the concentration of burglary and robbery crimes is inconsistent within the available literature in environmental criminology. A number of studies have provided evidence of crime concentration at and near mass transit locations where paths intersect, referred to as a node. These empirical studies bring in environmental criminology theory with the idea that crime is clustered, and the pattern of the concentrations is substantially influenced by how and why people travel and move in a city. It is suggested that public transit allows for a large proportion of the population to move around the community along a restricted number of destinations and paths; therefore, this concentration of population frames opportunities, and increases overall concentrations of crime. Establishments and environments surrounding transit nodes may act as crime generators or attractors, as a high influx of people are drawn to the area via nearby transit services. More recent literature has identified contrasting results, finding that crime does not concentrate near mass transit areas. In some cases, transit facilities appear to act as protective nodes, with lower counts of crime occurring in and around these locales. Given the conflicting results of existing research about crime at and near transit nodes, this study advances work in environmental criminology by analyzing the concentration of burglary and robbery events in Portland, Oregon. Recognizing that crime concentrations may vary depending on the level of analysis, this study explores crime concentrations at multiple levels of analysis. At the macro-level, this study examines burglaries and robberies across Portland as a whole to determine whether these events concentrate around mass transit nodes, when compared to other areas of the city. The meso-level examines within the broad category of mass transit, to explore whether burglary and robbery events cluster differently around different types of mass transit. Finally, the micro scale investigates the five highest-crime transit nodes to explore how burglary and robbery events concentrate in close proximity to these important locations. This study finds that while crime concentrates at higher levels surrounding mass transit nodes within Portland, the patterns of this concentration changes as the spatial level of analysis changes.

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Bacon, Michael T. Florin John William Fraser James Curtis. "A spatial statistics examination of changes in violent crime patterns following a housing redevelopment project." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,544.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Geography." Discipline: Geography; Department/School: Geography.

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Montoya, Martin Dale. "The methodological risk of relying on official statistics to construct crime and other deviancy rates /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095264.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Ngai, Kimberly. "Beyond Bias and Criminalization: Factors Behind Latino Youth Crime Trends." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/940.

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Latino youth experience factors unique to their own ethnicity, and it is partly these factors which play a significant role in their decision to engage in delinquent activity. Perpetual bias, criminalization, and punitive punishment at the hands of those with authoritative power also contribute to Latino youth’s decisions to engage in delinquent activity as a coping mechanism. Although trends in Latino youth crime have been decreasing and are presently at historic lows, an analysis of the factors that drive the respective trends will allow insight into creating policy suggestions to benefit the growing Latino community as a whole. Motivation to reduce trends in Latino youth crime primarily through a deep understanding of the culture include utilized its strengths to successfully rehabilitate and nurture at-risk youth. Implementation of community-based groups in at-risk neighborhoods should be the first step to laying the groundwork of reducing Latino youth crime.

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Quershi, Faiza. "Patterns and trends in stop and search : Findings from the British crime survey and police statistics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510346.

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22

Paquette, Paul Emile. "A proposal for a microcomputer based system to automate the Marine Corps Crime Statistics Reporting Program." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23366.

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This thesis investigates the possibility of implementing a Database Management System to support information processing needs within the Military Police Section of the Plans, Policies and Operations Department of Headquarters Marine Corps. An overview of the structured analysis and design methodologies with emphasis on the Life Cycle approach to software engineering was conducted. The numerous tools provided by the structured analysis and design methodologies were utilized in the development of the Database Management System. This implementation emphasized documentation and maintenance to ensure that the system will meet the current and future needs of the Military Police Section. Keywords: Database management systems, Structured design, Structured analysis, Theses. (jes)

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Jee, Jeffrey. "The Clery Act: Student Awareness and Perceptions of Effectiveness at a Public University and a Private College in East Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3019.

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The U.S. Congress has recognized that safety is essential on our college and university campuses. Incidents such as the Virginia Tech massacre and the death of Jeanne Clery have emphasized the need for legislation that assists students in selecting a safe college and improves their safety by reducing the incidence of crimes and fires. The Clery Act is a federal law that requires colleges and universities to provide annual information on the number and type of crimes on campus as well as the number and cause of fires occurring in the residence halls. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived effectiveness of the Clery Act by students at two higher educational institutions in East Tennessee. This study determined that students are not aware of the Clery Act as it relates to the crime and fire statistics to a significant extent. However, students are aware of the Clery Act as it relates to the issuance of safety notices, emergency notifications, or timely warnings by their institution. Students do not tend to use the Clery Act crime and fire statistics in their decisions as to what college to attend, indicating the limited effectiveness of the Clery Act. Lack of use of the Clery Act crime and fire statistics may be related to a lack of awareness of their existence. Students perceive to a significant extent that the reporting of the Clery Act crime and fire statistics as well as the use of safety notices, emergency notifications, or timely warnings, improved their safety and security while on campus. The Clery Act mandated use of safety notices, emergency notifications, or timely warnings issued by the institution results in students changing their behavior to protect themselves and their property. Students perceive that the reporting of crime and fire statistics as well as the use of safety notices, emergency notifications, or timely warnings, has reduced crime and fires on campus.

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Hallam, Stephen A. "Policing in the iron cage : the tensions between the bureaucratic mandate and street level reality." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/134939.

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In April 2002 a National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) was introduced across police forces in England and Wales. The intention of this standard, resultant of two highly critical reports regarding police recording of crime, was to improve crime data and promote a victim focussed approach. Research in the field of crime recording emphasises police reporting and recording mechanisms, with a significant reliance placed on police data. However, inter-personal and situational factors determining the ways in which notification of an event is, or is not, translated into a crime record are often inadequately explored. Consequently, there is little recent knowledge regarding the views of individuals reporting an event and the way in which they, through the interactions with the police, affect recording rates. This thesis explores these effects and investigates the impact of deviation from the rules governing crime recording upon service user experiences and satisfaction. Incident logs from three forces were analysed, officer focus groups and questionnaire-based surveys were undertaken and interviews were conducted with service users. Perceptions of service users and police officers vis-à-vis the effectiveness of police intervention were examined, together with the efficacy of previous research methodologies employed to gauge recording rates, the rules regarding crime recording and the existent performance frameworks. The findings suggest that previously reported recording rates are inevitably unreliable owing to a lack of detail within incident logs and the complexities involved in the recognition and labelling of events as crimes. Whilst easing of workloads is a common theme highlighted in previous research, there is notably less emphasis and recognition of other factors. The response, by officers at street level, to the realities of the social world, the conflicting priorities brought about by managerial dictum and the bureaucratic rules governing the recording of crime is to ‘define down crime’. The findings fill the considerable knowledge gap regarding diverse service user requirements and conflicting priorities faced by service providers prior to the introduction of the NCRS, suggesting that the imposition of managerial ideals, the accompanying bureaucratic rules and the corollary, the diminution of discretion, has a detrimental effect on service delivery.

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Porter, Jeremy Reed. "The spatial demography of reported crime an examination of urban-rural crime articulation and associated spatio-temporal diffusion processes, U.S. 1990 - 2000 /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10272008-083903.

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Orto, Julie M. "From Steel Cities to Steal Cities: Is Rusty Risky for High Crime?" Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1390337303.

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Ogden, Mitchell S. "Observing Clusters and Point Densities in Johnson City, TN Crime Using Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering and Kernel Density Estimation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/138.

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Utilizing statistical methods as a risk assessment tool can lead to potentially effective solutions and policies that address various social issues. One usage for such methods is in observation of crime trends within a municipality. Cluster and hotspot analysis is often practiced in criminal statistics to delineate potential areas at-risk of recurring criminal activity. Two approaches to this analytical method are Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering (NNHC) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Kernel Density Estimation fits incidence points on a grid based on a kernel and bandwidth determined by the analyst. Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering, a less common and less quantitative method, derives clusters based on the distance between observed points and the expected distance for points of a random distribution. Crime data originated from a public web map and database service that acquires data from the Johnson City Police Department, where each incident is organized into one of many broad categories such as assault, theft, etc. Preliminary analysis of raw volume data shows trends of high crime volume in expected locales; highly trafficked areas such as downtown, the Mall, both Walmarts, as well as low-income residential areas of town. The two methods, KDE and NNHC, dispute the size and location of many clusters. A more in-depth analysis of normalized data with refined parameters may provide further insight on crime in Johnson City.

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Forzelius, Adam, and Daniel Lejfalk. "Putting the Magnifying Glass on NationalVictimization Statistics : A Descriptive Study onLocal Crime Victimization Patterns in a Medium-Sized Swedish City." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31964.

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Introduction: Crime victimization is a problem affecting both individuals and societies. Previous research has looked at the associations between victimization and other factors, and many countries employ self-reported victimization surveys to establish what the victimization patterns look like at different societal levels. Aims: By examining victimization proportions and patterns, this study aimed to further the understanding of what the crime victimization problem looks like in a medium-sized Swedish city. Method: 149 men and 146 women, for a total of 295 inhabitants of Sundsvall, answered self-reported victimization surveys based on the Swedish Crime Survey. The gathered data was subsequently quantified and analyzed. Results: In total, 11.9 % of the sample reported some type of victimization. Overall, men were more likely to be victimized than women, and crimes against persons were more common than crimes against property. Occupation and socio-economic status were significantly associated with victimization. More than half of the victimizations were not reported to the police, and victimization was significantly associated with a lower trust in the criminal justice system and the police. Conclusion: Medium-sized cities like Sundsvall seem to have considerably lower proportions of victimization than the counties, regions and nation as a whole. The rates of reporting and patterns of victimization found, however, are in accord with findings on other societal levels and could to some extent be explained through the principles of the routine activities/lifestyle theory. 2017-06-01

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Andersson, Greger. "Brott och ideologi : -hur gestaltas brottslingar och hur förklaras kriminalitet ihögstadiets läroböcker i samhällskunskap?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34251.

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This study aims at analyzing the content of high school textbooks in social sciences, more specifically the field of law and order, and comparing this with the current research situation in the field. Another purpose is to investigate whether the new type of serious gang crime, which in particular has grown in various immigrant suburbs, adjacent to our largest cities, as reported in the media in recent years, has also looked into the textbooks. The essay uses a constructivist theory formation. The constructivist theory considers that different actors, based on their ideological positions, create different descriptions of current social phenomena, descriptions aimed at influencing the recipient to incorporate specific perceptions of reality and values. In this context, the teaching materials become a political product that is not so much about describing a social phenomenon as complex and objective as possible a complex, but, above all, it will be understood as the attempt of the various parties to convey their specific interpretations and interests of the phenomenon. The survey shows that all analyzing textbooks directly or indirectly highlight the men and adolescents group, and to some extent also people in an exposed psychosocial position that overrepresented in a criminal context. In cases where textbooks address statements about people committing crimes, socio-economic and psychosocial vulnerabilities are mentioned, as well as explanations of the social plane in terms of control and casualty structures. In this regard, textbooks fail to report a broad and current research on the mechanisms of crime. None of the textbooks deal with the new crime that has emerged in different socially vulnerable areas to our metropolitan areas, believing that this has gained a lot of space in the media and that the syllabuses in social sciences emphasize that the subject will highlight current social phenomena. All books consistently choose to not treat people it with a foreign background's overrepresentation in a criminal context. Nor should it be noted that some people have a biological vulnerability in committing crimes, for example, that individuals with ADHD diagnosis are heavily overrepresented in crime statistics. Godkännane datum: 2018-05-31

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Brennerová, Dita. "Druhy trestných činů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264223.

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The master thesis "Types of crimes" deals with the main characteristics of crimes. The goal of this thesis is to summarize each crimes in the Codex of criminal law. The thesis is divided into thematic units to be synoptic, the basics definitions of criminal law is shortly described in the first one. The following chapter focus separately on the individual crimes. The last chapter shows the development trend of crime in the Czech Republic in the period from 2005 to 2015.

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McCord, Eric Steven. "The relationship between place management and physical environment in apartment crime." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2686.

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The focus of this research is crime in multi-unit rental structures, Specifically, apartment complexes. It seeks to identify management policies and environmental attributes that are associated with lower crime and police calls for service rates.

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Moses, Annett. "Kriminalität in Baden im 19. Jahrhundert : die "Übersicht der Strafrechtspflege" als Quelle der historischen Kriminologie /." Stuttgart : Kohlhammer, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/506294269.pdf.

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Petraglia, Elizabeth Ellen. "Estimating County-Level Aggravated Assault Rates by Combining Data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439027433.

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Balchak, Stefanie Wrae. "The geo-spatial analysis and environmental factors of narcotics hot spots." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2936.

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A mixed methodological approach with two different analytic procedures and multiple data sources was used to examine narcotics hot spots. The first phase compares two methods of hot spots identification; the prediction model and the actual crimes. The second phase involves an intensive study to better understand the phenomenon of drug hot spots areas consistently shown to be repeat hot spots.

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Kimball, Marilynn Jean. "Major crime victim's perceptions of the San Bernardino County District Attorney's Office." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2532.

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The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of perceptions crime victims have of the San Bernardino County District Attorney's Office. This project focused on crime victims' perceptions of communication channels and service delivery at the San Bernardino County District Attorney's Office. This research is based on a victim survey used for primary data collection.

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Pearson, Mariesha L. "An Exploration of the Relationship Between Crime and Chemical Use: A Study of Jail Intake Data." UNF Digital Commons, 1987. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/70.

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Research was completed on a 300-person sample of 1985 arrestees in Jacksonville, Florida. The original focus of the study was to explore the possible relationship between crime and chemical use. Data was obtained from forms that were routinely used in the jail booking and interview process. Two booking/intake forms were used: The Arrest and Booking Report and the Medical Screening Information (P-075) form. Only 24 arrestees in the 300-person sample admitted to using chemicals. Hence, the data did not support the hypothesis of this thesis that a correlational relationship exists between crime and chemical use. This researcher observed and interviewed medical personnel closely and reviewed both forms used in the study to determine why chemical use data was under-represented in the sample. Organizational and individual deviance by the medical staff was discovered. The nurses had not asked chemical use questions during a majority of the medical screening interviews.

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Chatelain, Megan E. "Minority Representations in Crime Drama: An Examination of Roles, Identity, and Power." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3716.

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The storytelling ability of television can be observed in any genre. Crime drama offers a unique perspective because victims and offenders change every episode increasing stereotypes with each new character. In other words, the more victims and criminals observed by the audience, the more likely the show creates the perception of a mean world. Based on previous literature, three questions emerged which this study focused on by asking the extent of Criminal Minds’ ability to portray crime accurately compared to the Federal Bureau of Investigations Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Behavioral Analysis Unit’s (BAU-4) report on serial murderers and how those portrayals changed over the fifteen years of the show. A content analysis was conducted through the lens of cultivation theory, coding 324 episodes which produced a sample size of 354 different cases to answer the research questions. Two additional coders focused on the first, middle, and last episodes of each season (N=45) for reliability. The key findings are low levels of realism with the UCR and high levels of realism with the BAU-4 statistics. Mean-world syndrome was found to be highly likely to be cultivated in heavy viewers. Finally, roles for minority groups did improve overtime for Black and Brown bodies, yet Asian bodies saw a very small increase in representation. LGBT members were nearly nonexistent. The findings indicated that there is still not enough space in television for minority roles and found that the show perpetuated stereotypes. Additional implications and themes include a lack discourse on violence and erasure of sexual assault victims.

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Hall, Jonathan A. "Geographic Factors of Residential Burglaries - A Case Study in Nashville, Tennessee." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/229.

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This study examines geographic patterns and geographic factors of residential burglary at the Nashville, TN area for a twenty year period at five year interval starting in 1988. The purpose of this study is to identify what geographic factors have impacted on residential burglary rates, and if there were changes in the geographic patterns of residential burglary over the study period. Several criminological theories guide this study, with the most prominent being Social Disorganization Theory and Routine Activities Theory. Both of these theories focus on the relationships of place and crime. A number of spatial analysis methods are hence adopted to analyze residential burglary rates at block group level for each of the study year. Spatial autocorrelation approaches, particularly Global and Local Moran's I statistics, are utilized to detect the hotspots of residential burglary. To understand the underlying geographic factors of residential burglary, both OLS and GWR regression analyses are conducted to examine the relationships between residential burglary rates and various geographic factors, such as Percentages of Minorities, Singles, Vacant Housing Units, Renter Occupied Housing Units, and Persons below Poverty Line. The findings indicate that residential burglaries exhibit clustered patterns by forming various hotspots around the study area, especially in the central city and over time these hotspots tended to move in a northeasterly direction during the study period of 1988-2008. Overall, four of the five geographic factors under examination show positive correlations with the rate of residential burglary at block group level. Percentages of Vacant Housing Units and Persons below Poverty Line (both are indicators of neighbor economic well-being) are the strong indicators of crime, while Percentages of Minorities (ethnic heterogeneity indictor) and Renter Occupied Housing Units (residential turnover indictor) only show modest correlation in a less degree. Counter-intuitively, Percentage of Singles (another indicator of residential turnover) is in fact a deterrent of residential burglary; however, the reason for this deterrence is not entirely clear.

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Martin, Benoît. "La production des statistiques internationales : le cas de l'Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0030.

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Comment les organisations internationales produisent-elles leurs statistiques ? Cette thèse dévoile ces activités singulières à partir du cas de l’Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC). La démonstration suit une double approche sociologique (des relations internationales et des quantifications) en s’appuyant sur des entretiens menés au siège (à Vienne, en Autriche), la littérature méthodologique (interne et publiée) et les documents onusiens (normatifs et analytiques). Quantifier à l’échelle internationale consiste en un processus complexe organisé en étapes successives : accord d’un mandat, définition d’une méthode, collecte puis traitement et validation des données et, enfin, publication d’un rapport mondial. L’entreprise s’avère collective, impliquant le secrétariat de l’UNODC, les États-membres et des experts. En revanche, la tâche est inégalement répartie, les fonctionnaires internationaux réalisent ou coordonnent l’essentiel ; tout comme les interactions entre les acteurs sont asymétriques, l’UNODC dépend de ses États-membres à plusieurs égards et sans véritable pouvoir de les contraindre. Enjeux bureaucratiques, politiques, financiers, voire autocensure affectent alors le travail statistique routinier. De plus, les sources nationales officielles mais administratives – aux biais pourtant documentés et délicats à surmonter – restent majoritairement utilisées car légitimes. Le recours aux images satellites et aux enquêtes sur le terrain fait figure d’exception. Élaborées dans de telles conditions, les statistiques onusiennes de la drogue et du crime fournissent davantage un inventaire international consensuel que le diagnostic mondial prétendu How do international organizations produce their statistics? This thesis unveils these singular activities from the case of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The demon-stration follows a double sociological approach (of international relations and of quantification) based on interviews conducted at headquarters (in Vienna, Austria), methodological literature (internal and published) and UN documents (normative and analytical). Quantifying internationally is a complex process organized in successive steps: agreeing a mandate, defining a method, collecting and then processing and validating the data, and finally publishing a world report. The enterprise is collective, involving the UNODC secretariat, member states and experts. However, the task is unequally distributed, the international civil servants realizes or coordinates a large part of the work; just as the interactions between actors are asymmetrical, UNODC depends on its member states in many respects and has no real power to constrain them. Bureaucratic, political, financial and even self-censorship issues affect routine statistical work. In addition, official but administrative national sources – with their documented and delicate biases to overcome – remain mostly used because of their legitimacy. The use of satellite imagery and field surveys is an exception. Developed under such conditions, UN drug and crime statistics provide a more consensual international inventory than the so-called global diagnosis

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40

Jansson, Daniel, and Nils Niklasson. "En analys av statens samhällssatsningar och dess effektivitet för att reducera brottslighet." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275665.

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Through an analysis of the Swedish state budget, models have been developed to deepen the understanding of the effects that government expenditures have on reducing crime. This has been modeled by examining selected crime categories using the mathematical methods Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression and Principal Component Analysis. Combined with a qualitative study of previous research on the economic aspects of crime, an analysis has been conducted. The mathematical methods indicate that it may be more effective to invest in crime prevention measures, such as increased social protection and focus on vulnerable groups, rather than more direct efforts such as increased resources for the police force. However, the result contradicts some of the accepted economic conclusions on the subject, as these highlight the importance of increasing the number of police officers and harsher penalties. These do however also mention the importance of crime prevention measures such as reducing the gaps in society, which is in line with the results of this work. The conclusion should however be used with caution as the models are based on a number of assumptions and could be improved upon further analysis of these, together with more data points that would strengthen the validity of the analysis more. Genom en analys av Sveriges statsbudget har modeller tagits fram för att försöka förstå de effekter olika samhällssatsningar har på brottslighet i Sverige. Detta har modellerats genom att undersöka utvalda brottskategorier med hjälp av de matematiska metoderna Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression samt Principal Component Analysis. Tillsammans med en kvalitativ undersökning av tidigare forskning gällande nationalekonomiska aspekter kring brottslighet har en analys sedan genomförts. De matematiska metoderna tyder på att det kan vara mer effektivt att satsa på brottsförebyggande åtgärder, såsom ökat socialt skydd och fokus på utsatta grupper, istället för mer direkta satsningar på brottsförhindrande åtgärder som exempelvis ökade resurser till polisväsendet. Däremot motsäger resultatet en del av de vedertagna nationalekonomiska slutsatserna om ämnet, då dessa belyser vikten av ökade antalet poliser och hårdare straff. De lyfter även fram vikten av brottsförebyggande åtgärder såsom att minska klyftorna i samhället, vilket går i linje med resultatet av detta arbete. Slutsatsen ska dock användas med försiktighet då modellerna bygger på flertalet antaganden och skulle kunna förbättras vid ytterligare analys utav dessa, tillsammans med fler datapunkter som skulle stärka validiteten.

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41

BARTOLETTI, SILVIA. "Crimine e indicatori sociali in Europa: misurazione quantitativa della loro correlazione e confonto degli andamenti temporali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2455.

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La misurazione del crimine in Europa è difficile a causa delle diverse definizioni giuridiche dei reati e dalle differenti metodologie utilizzate per la raccolta di dati nei paesi Europei. L’Unione Europea produce indicatori strutturali in grado di misurare e confrontare le caratteristiche dei paesi: gli indicatori sociali possono aiutare a monitorare e analizzare le condizioni di vita e la qualità della vita e a contestualizzare il crimine descrivendo l’Europa d oggi. Sulla base di tre macro teorie criminologiche (modernizzazione, civilizzazione e opportunità) alcuni indicatori sociali sono selezionati e incrociati con i livelli di crimine così da poter identificare dei fattori di rischio per le diverse tipologie di reati e per valutare la validità di queste teorie in Europa. Infine l’uso di tecniche statistiche avanzate (cluster analysis) permetterà di identificare degli insiemi omogenei di paesi, per poter analizzare e confrontare l’andamento temporale tra i fattori di rischio identificati e il crimine in Europa. Measuring crime in Europe is problematic because many different legal concept definitions and statistic collecting practices have been embraced in each country. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to further this overarching goal and today, there are sources that present more comparable information on crime in Europe. At the same time, the European Union has produced broadly agreed upon structural indicators, called ‘social indicators’, to systematically report, monitor, and analyze living conditions and quality of life. These indicators help to contextualize crime by describing and relating to today’s European realities. On the basis of three macro theoretical paradigm indicators (the civilization theory, modernization theory, and opportunity theory), a set of social indicators will be selected and cross-examined with crime rates recorded in Europe. This endeavour will first test the relationship between the social indicators and different types of crimes in order to assess the validity of the theoretical frameworks across Europe as a whole. Second, it will identify a set of risk factors for the selected types of crimes. After that, using advanced statistical techniques (cluster analyses) to identify homogeneous sets of countries across Europe, the comparison will take into account the evolution of crime levels in two selected, averaged periods between 1990 and 2007. Crime trends will be compared and cross-checked with social indicator tendencies to explain crime variations over time.

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42

BARTOLETTI, SILVIA. "Crimine e indicatori sociali in Europa: misurazione quantitativa della loro correlazione e confonto degli andamenti temporali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2455.

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La misurazione del crimine in Europa è difficile a causa delle diverse definizioni giuridiche dei reati e dalle differenti metodologie utilizzate per la raccolta di dati nei paesi Europei. L’Unione Europea produce indicatori strutturali in grado di misurare e confrontare le caratteristiche dei paesi: gli indicatori sociali possono aiutare a monitorare e analizzare le condizioni di vita e la qualità della vita e a contestualizzare il crimine descrivendo l’Europa d oggi. Sulla base di tre macro teorie criminologiche (modernizzazione, civilizzazione e opportunità) alcuni indicatori sociali sono selezionati e incrociati con i livelli di crimine così da poter identificare dei fattori di rischio per le diverse tipologie di reati e per valutare la validità di queste teorie in Europa. Infine l’uso di tecniche statistiche avanzate (cluster analysis) permetterà di identificare degli insiemi omogenei di paesi, per poter analizzare e confrontare l’andamento temporale tra i fattori di rischio identificati e il crimine in Europa. Measuring crime in Europe is problematic because many different legal concept definitions and statistic collecting practices have been embraced in each country. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to further this overarching goal and today, there are sources that present more comparable information on crime in Europe. At the same time, the European Union has produced broadly agreed upon structural indicators, called ‘social indicators’, to systematically report, monitor, and analyze living conditions and quality of life. These indicators help to contextualize crime by describing and relating to today’s European realities. On the basis of three macro theoretical paradigm indicators (the civilization theory, modernization theory, and opportunity theory), a set of social indicators will be selected and cross-examined with crime rates recorded in Europe. This endeavour will first test the relationship between the social indicators and different types of crimes in order to assess the validity of the theoretical frameworks across Europe as a whole. Second, it will identify a set of risk factors for the selected types of crimes. After that, using advanced statistical techniques (cluster analyses) to identify homogeneous sets of countries across Europe, the comparison will take into account the evolution of crime levels in two selected, averaged periods between 1990 and 2007. Crime trends will be compared and cross-checked with social indicator tendencies to explain crime variations over time.

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43

Benbouzid, Bilel. "La prévention situationnelle : genèse et développement d’une science pratique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20057/document.

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La prévention situationnelle représente aujourd’hui dans de nombreux pays un secteur de recherche stratégique de la lutte contre le crime. Apparue au milieu des années 1970 au sein du laboratoire de recherche du ministère de l’intérieur britannique, cette nouvelle spécialité a pris la forme d’une ingénierie dont l’objectif est de développer des solutions techniques empêchant le passage à l'acte des délinquants, par une intervention sur les situations particulières lors desquelles des délits semblables sont commis ou pourraient l'être (cambriolage, vol de véhicule, vandalisme, etc.). Ce que l’on appelle désormais la « science du crime » se fonde sur l’assemblage d’une pluralité de savoirs pratiques, évolue entre des laboratoires de recherche et des secteurs professionnels variés (police, urbanistes, etc.), s’appuie sur des modalités d’administration de la preuve qui passent par la déduction mathématique (modélisation statistique) et intègre ses inventions théoriques dans des innovations sociotechniques (des dispositifs de prévention et de réduction des risques). Cette thèse retrace le développement de la prévention situationnelle en se déplaçant dans l’espace et le temps afin d’atteindre les lieux de sa fabrication et de rentrer dans l’intimité des controverses à travers lesquelles elle prend forme. En décrivant cette science du crime en train de se faire - des laboratoires gouvernementaux jusqu’à sa standardisation technique dans les instances de normalisation européenne, en passant par les politiques de recherche et le travail d’instrumentation - nous rendons visibles toutes les entités (théories, chercheurs, gouvernement, instruments, catégories statistiques, modèles de risque, délinquants, victimes, normes techniques, etc.) auxquelles la prévention situationnelle s’attache et se détache. Nous montrons ainsi que les liens concrets tissés entre les chercheurs et leurs différents alliés vont bien au-delà des relations entre les personnes. Ils vont jusqu’à toucher le contenu même de la prévention situationnelle. Au final, il s’agit de représenter la prévention situationnelle sous la forme d’un collectif assumant sa responsabilité politique In many countries today, situational crime prevention is a strategic research sector in the battle against crime. Originating within the Home Office Research Unit in the UK during the mid 1970s, this ‘new technology’ has the purpose of developing crime prevention solutions by intervening in situations where crime commonly occurs. What has now come to be called “crime science” is based on an array of practical knowledge, evolves between research laboratories and various professional sectors (police, town planning, etc.), uses evidence-based research, and implements its theoretical discoveries in socio-technical innovations (prevention and risk reduction systems). This thesis retraces the development of situational crime prevention technology to have a closer look at the controversies from which it takes its shape. By describing this crime science-in-the-making, from state laboratories and international policy transfers, from research studies and instrumentation, we reveal all the entities (researchers, government, theories, instruments, statistical classes, risk models, offenders, victims, technical standards, etc.) to which situational crime prevention has become tied, and untied. Thus, we demonstrate that concrete links weaved between researchers and their different allies go far beyond personal relationships, touching the very core of the technology. As such, situational crime prevention is constituted as a collective, political entity

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44

Lindsay, Takoma, Raven Pyle, and Ben Hinnant. "A Multi-Family Group Intervention: Affect Regulation and Coping Strategies as a Means of Improving Family Functioning and Attachment Behaviors between Adolescents Adjudicated of a Sex Offense and Their Mothers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/63.

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This study explored changes in affect regulation and coping strategies with family functioning and attachment behaviors among a sample of incarcerated male adolescents (N = 115) and their maternal caregivers (N = 71). The sample participated in the Multiple Family Group Intervention (MFGI; Keiley, 2007) which is an 8-session program conducted in a juvenile correctional institution with adolescents adjudicated of a sexual offense, and their families. In 90-minute sessions, group facilitators use a six-step therapeutic method for altering interactional patterns from an affect regulation and attachment perspective. Using enactments and discussion, the intervention targets affect regulation and communication skills. Results indicate that changes in affect regulation and coping skills from pre- to post-intervention were related to changes in family functioning and attachment behaviors. Findings add to growing empirical support for the utility of systemic interventions within juvenile justice systems to strengthen affect regulation, coping skills, family functioning, and attachment behaviors.

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45

Röjdén, Thyberg Sandra, and Mélica Gabrielsson. "ASI-Intervjun : en explorativ studie av samband och grupperingar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69740.

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Med en explorativ ansats syftar denna studie till att kartlägga samband och jämföra grupperingar bland klienter som fått genomföra en ASI-intervju hos Kriminalvården. Studien bygger på 2 317 intervjuer med fokus på missbruksproblematik, gjorda under perioden 2008-2010. Vi illustrerar grafiskt intressanta samband och tittar även på hur klienternas hjälpbehov varierar inom olika livsområden. Ytterligare en aspekt av studien är att utvärdera datamaterialets kvalitet samt att studera eventuellt bortfall för de olika variablerna. Materialet är av relativt god kvalitet och förekomst av respondenters vägran är inte tillräckligt omfattande för att påverka analyser och slutsatser. De felaktigheter som kunde konstateras härhör nästan uteslutande från tillvägagångssätt vid inmatning av data i systemet. Eftersom flertalet av variablerna är kvalitativa visade sig lämpliga analysmetoder vara chi-två-test, korrespondensanalys samt associationsanalys. Den stora majoriteten av våra resultat bekräftar den bild flera tidigare studier ger av gruppen missbrukare och få oväntade samband kunde konstateras. En majoritet av klienterna är män (85%) och den genomsnittliga åldern är 34 år. Intervjuarskattningar av klienternas hjälpbehov visar att narkotika och kriminalitet utgör de absolut största problemen. Dominerande drog är amfetamin (18%), följd av alkohol (15%) och cannabis (10%). Vi kan konstatera att ett flertal signifikanta skillnader föreligger mellan män och kvinnor samt mellan olika åldersgrupper. Unga klienter uppvisar överlag större problem med kriminalitet, narkotika, arbete/försörjning och psykisk hälsa. Med ökande ålder följer istället svårigheter med fysisk hälsa och alkohol. Män uppger vanligen att de har större problem med kriminalitet och narkotika, medan kvinnor ofta redovisar ett större hjälpbehov inom områdena familj/umgänge, fysisk hälsa och psykisk hälsa. With an explorative approach, this master thesis attempts to map associations and compare groupings of clients who have undergone an ASI Interview by The Swedish Prison and Probation Service, Kriminalvården. The study is based on 2 317 interviews carried out during the period 2008-2010, focusing on abuse of alcohol and narcotic substances. We will graphically illustrate interesting associations and study how the need for help varies throughout different areas of the respondents’ lives. Another aspect of this study is to evaluate the quality of the data material and to investigate non-response in the different variables. The quality of the material is fairly high and non-response is not extensive enough to affect analysis and inference. The errors found are almost exclusively due to how data is fed into the system. Since the majority of variables are qualitative, appropriate methods of analysis proved to be chi-square tests, correspondence analysis and association analysis. Most results confirm the existing image of an abusive personality, which has been presented in several studies before this one. A majority of the clients are men (85%) and the average age is 34 years. Interviewer estimates of the respondents’ need for help show that narcotic substances and criminal behavior are by far the greatest problem areas. The predominant drug is amphetamine (18%), followed by alcohol (15%) and cannabis (10%). We have established several significant differences between men and women, and between clients of different age groups. Young respondents show greater problems concerning criminal behavior, narcotic substances, work/providing and psychological health. With increased age we see enhanced difficulties regarding physical health and alcohol. Men more often exhibit problems concerning criminal behavior and narcotic substances, while women need increased help in areas of family/social life, physical health and psychological health.

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46

Landare, Nora, and Hanna Dalesjö. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF YOUTHS AND CRIME." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243248.

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Criminality can have serious and numerous effects of both individuals and society and why youths engage in criminal actions is a question concerning several instances. In this study we investigate possible factors that influence criminality among youths by analyzing a self-survey questionnaire. To identify the factors the technique of exploratory factor analysis is used. The relationships between the factors and criminality are then assessed with a structural equation model. The objective is also to investigate if the factors relate differently to criminality depending on gender why the structural equation model is performed on males and females separately. From the analysis we identified seven factors. Four of them seem to have an impact on youths’ criminal behavior; criminality among friends, attitudes towards severe crimes, relationships to friends and exposure and participation in negative social behavior. For the other three factors (school performance, family relations and attitude towards illicit actions) we found no clear relationship to criminal behavior. The results also indicate that criminality among friends influence males to a larger degree than females. Whereas the relationship between criminal behavior and exposure and participation in negative social behavior is stronger for females than males. For the other factors no major differences between male and females can be distinguished. The overall picture produced by the analysis suggest that the influences of the identified factors on criminality are quite modest and that the patterns for males and females are quite similar.

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47

Hall, Dennis H. H. "Impact of the Clery Act: An Examination of the Relationship between Clery Act Data and Recruitment at Private Colleges and Universities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984250/.

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The problem this study addressed is the relationship between Clery Act crime data and student recruitment at private colleges and universities. For this quantitative study, I used secondary data from the Department of Education and the Delta Cost Project (2013) to conduct ordinary least squares regression analyses to determine the predictive ability of institutional characteristics, specifically the total number of crime incidents reported in compliance with the Clery Act, on the variance in number of applications and applicant yield rate at private four-year institutions in the United States. Findings showed that the total number of reported incidents was a significant positive predictor of the total number of applications. Conversely, findings also showed that the total number of incidents had a significant negative impact on institutional yield rates. An implication of this study is that although crime statistics required by the Clery Act may not serve as variables used in the student application process, they are part of numerous variables used in the student's decision to enroll at a particular school. The findings highlight the importance of prioritizing and investing in safety and security measures designed to reduce rates of crime; especially for private, enrollment-driven institutions of higher education.

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48

Нефідова, Н. Р. "Статистичний аналіз рівня правопорушень в Україні". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/11966.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні та методологічні питання щодо статистичної оцінки правопорушень та злочинності в Україні, проведено аналіз динаміки рівня правопорушень та злочинності в Україні. Проаналізована структура злочинів. Проведено аналіз регіональних особливостей розповсюдженості злочинності в Україні. Побудована кореляційно-регресійна модель рівня злочинності в Україні. Зроблено прогноз рівня злочинності на майбутні роки. The article deals with theoretical and methodological issues concerning the statistical evaluation of offenses and crime in Ukraine, analysis of the dynamics of the level of offenses and crime in Ukraine. The structure of crimes is analyzed. The analysis of regional peculiarities of the prevalence of crime in Ukraine is carried out. A correlation-regression model of the crime rate in Ukraine has been built. The crime rate is forecast for the coming years.

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49

Воскобойнік, І. І. "Статистичний аналіз та прогнозування рівня злочинності в Україні". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12542.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні та методологічні питання щодо статистичної оцінки правопорушень та злочинності в Україні. Проаналізовано динаміку рівня злочинності в Україні та проаналізована структура злочинів. Проведено аналіз регіональних особливостей розповсюдженості злочинності в Україні. Проведено аналіз тенденції розвитку та рівня злочинності в Україні. The paper considers theoretical and methodological issues related to statistical assessment of offenses and crime in Ukraine. The dynamics of the crime rate in Ukraine is analyzed and the structure of crimes is analyzed. The analysis of regional features of crime prevalence in Ukraine is carried out. An analysis of development trends and crime rates in Ukraine.

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50

Liu, Jiayi. "Statistical modelling of escalation in crime seriousness : through survival analysis, mixed-effects and mixture modelling approaches." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.656310.

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Escalation/de-escalation of offending is an important topic for criminal justice policy, but has been comparatively neglected in criminal careers research. This thesis introduces the Offenders Index (OI) dataset from the Home Office in England and Wales which is the preferred dataset for assessing escalation in this thesis. Three major studies are then reported under two main research focuses. One research study focuses on 'serious offender escalation'. This study examines offenders who had been convicted of arson, blackmail, threats to kill, or kidnapping, and assesses whether they will be convicted of the most serious crime - homicide. This study suggested that 1 in 100 kidnapping offenders are likely to have a subsequent homicide conviction over a 20-year follow-up period, which doubles the risk of homicide conviction compared to the other three types of offenders. Moreover, offenders can double their risk of homicide conviction by being involved in multiple serious offences (among the four serious offences). The second research focuses on 'general escalation'. This includes two studies: the first study examines the effects of two temporal scales, both age and order of convictions on escalation of seriousness by using a linear mixed-effects model. The results suggested that ageing is associated with de-escalation whereas the number of conviction occasions is associated with escalation, with the two processes pulling in different directions. This is followed by the last study which examines the hypothesis that there are different types of underlying criminal development in escalation across offenders. Therefore, a combination of mixed-effects and mixture modelling methodology has been developed to understand both individual crime growth curves and to distinguish latent types of crime development. A three-class solution has been identified by growth mixture modelling approach. The first class consists of the majority (88%) of offenders who are relatively stable in their seriousness in crimes, and have some tendency to de-escalate with age and some tendency to escalate with experience. The second class consists of 6.4% of offenders who have average high seriousness (7.6) at age 10, and have a strong de-escalation effect with age. The third class consists of 5.6% of offenders who have shown more diversity in crime seriousness, and also are involved with more high seriousness crimes. The last study also provides a comparison framework to compare the linear mixed-effects model, group-based trajectory model, and growth mixture model through graphical investigation and proposed statistical diagnostic measures. For the particular data used in this thesis, the growth mixture model with three classes is preferred as the best fitting model compared to various other fitted models.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Crime statistics"

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