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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Crosslinked Acids"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Jia, Zhiqian y Yan Wang. "Covalently crosslinked graphene oxide membranes by esterification reactions for ions separation". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, n.º 8 (2015): 4405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta06193d.

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We present a method to prepare covalently crosslinked graphene oxide (GO) membranes with adjustable intersheet spacing by esterification reactions, using dicarboxylic acids, diols or polyols as the crosslinker and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst.

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2

Nasr-El-Din, Hisham A., AbdulWahab H. Al-Ghamdi, Abdulqader A. Al-Qahtani y Mathew M. Samuel. "Impact of Acid Additives on the Rheological Properties of a Viscoelastic Surfactant and Their Influence on Field Application". SPE Journal 13, n.º 01 (1 de marzo de 2008): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/89418-pa.

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Summary This paper examines a new class of viscoelastic surfactants (amphoteric) that are used to enhance sweep efficiency during matrix acid treatments. It appears that surfactant molecules align themselves and form rod-shaped micelles once the acid is spent. These micelles might cause the viscosity to significantly increase, and induce viscoelastic properties to the spent acid. The enhancement in these properties depends on the micelle shape and magnitude of entanglement. The effects of acid additives and contaminants [mainly iron (III)] on the rheological properties of these systems were examined over a wide range of parameters. Viscosity measurements were conducted using specially designed viscometers to handle very corrosive fluids. Measurements were made between 25 and 100°C, and at 300 psi at various shear rates from 58 to 1,740 s-1. Acid additives included corrosion inhibitors, inhibitor aids, an iron control agent, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, an anti-sludge agent, and a nonionic surfactant. Effects of mutual solvents and methanol on the apparent viscosity were also investigated. It is observed that temperature, pH, shear conditions, and acid additives have a profound influence on the apparent viscosity of the surfactant-acid system. The viscosity and related properties are very different from what were observed with both natural and synthetic polymers. The differences in these properties were characterized and correlated with the type and nature of the additives used. Optimum conditions for better fluid performance in the field were derived. Introduction Previous studies (Thomas et al. 1998) highlighted the need for proper diversion during matrix acidizing treatments of carbonate reservoirs. Various systems were introduced to enhance diversion by increasing the viscosity of the injected acid. Depending on the viscosifiying agent, these systems can be divided into two main categories: polymer-based acids and surfactant-based acids. Acid-soluble polymers have been used to increase the viscosity of HCl, and to improve its performance (Pabley et al. 1982; Crowe et al. 1989). As the viscosity of the acid increases, the rate of acid spending decreases and, as a result, deeper acid penetration into the formation can be achieved (Deysarkar et al. 1984). Addition of suitable synthetic or natural polymers to HCl improved acid penetration; however, acid placement did not significantly improve (Yeager and Shuchart 1997). Crosslinked acids were introduced in the mid-70s, as cited by Metcalf et al. (2000). These acids have much higher viscosity than regular acids or acids containing uncross-linked polymers. Two types of crosslinked acids are available The first type consists of a polymer, a crosslinker, and other acid additives [e.g., corrosion inhibitors and iron control agents (Johnson et al. 1988)]. The acid in this case is crosslinked on the surface and reaches the formation already crosslinked. The second type of crosslinked acid consists of a polymer, a crosslinker, a buffer, a breaker, and other acid additives. The acid in this case reaches the formation uncrosslinked, and the crosslinking reaction occurs in the formation (Yeager and Shuchart 1997; Saxon et al. 2000). In-situ gelled acids were the subject of several lab and field studies. In general, lab and field results were positive; however, there were several concerns raised about these acids. Taylor and Nasr-El-Din (2002, 2003) noted that in-situ gelled acids caused loss of core permeability in tight carbonate cores. Permeability loss was attributed to polymer retention in the core and on the injection face of the core. A similar observation was noted by Chang et al. (2001). Lynn and Nasr-El-Din (2001) noted precipitation of the crosslinker (iron) when in-situ gelled acids were used to enhance the permeability of tight cores at high temperatures. Nasr-El-Din et al. (2002) showed that the crosslinker (Fe(III)) may precipitate in sour environments. Mohamed et al. (1999) reported poor field results when large volumes of polymer-based acids were used to stimulate seawater injectors with tight carbonate zones.

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3

Hoffmann, Jan-Erik. "Bifunctional Non-Canonical Amino Acids: Combining Photo-Crosslinking with Click Chemistry". Biomolecules 10, n.º 4 (10 de abril de 2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040578.

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Genetic code expansion is a powerful tool for the study of protein interactions, as it allows for the site-specific incorporation of a photoreactive group via non-canonical amino acids. Recently, several groups have published bifunctional amino acids that carry a handle for click chemistry in addition to the photo-crosslinker. This allows for the specific labeling of crosslinked proteins and therefore the pulldown of peptides for further analysis. This review describes the properties and advantages of different bifunctional amino acids, and gives an overview about current and future applications.

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4

Shimizu, Yoshiaki, Atsushi Taga y Hitoshi Yamaoka. "Synthesis of Novel Crosslinked Chitosans with a Higher Fatty Diacid Diglycidyl and Their Adsorption Abilities towards Acid Dyes". Adsorption Science & Technology 21, n.º 5 (junio de 2003): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703769645771.

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Novel chitosan-based adsorbent materials with a higher fatty diacid diglycidyl as the crosslinking agent were synthesized and the adsorption abilities of the resulting polymers evaluated towards typical acid dyes. The successful formation of a crosslinked structure was confirmed via infrared spectroscopic measurements and the solubility of the polymer towards 10% aqueous solutions of acetic and formic acids determined. At higher dye concentrations, the adsorption abilities of the crosslinked chitosan towards hydrophilic CI Acid Orange 7 and CI Acid Red 1 increased with decreasing degree of substitution. However, at lower dye concentrations, the crosslinked chitosan with the lowest degree of substitution exhibited the lowest adsorption capability. With such hydrophilic acid dyes, the extent of adsorption decreased significantly as the pH of the solution increased. On the other hand, CI Acid Red 138, which contains a dodecyl group in the chemical structure, was adsorbed to a considerable extent even at higher pH values, suggesting hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl group in the dye molecule and the hydrophobic crosslinker.

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5

Zhao, Hui, Qi-Song Liu, Hao Geng, Yuan Tian, Min Cheng, Yan-Hong Jiang, Ming-Sheng Xie et al. "Crosslinked Aspartic Acids as Helix-Nucleating Templates". Angewandte Chemie 128, n.º 39 (30 de agosto de 2016): 12267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201606833.

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6

Zhao, Hui, Qi-Song Liu, Hao Geng, Yuan Tian, Min Cheng, Yan-Hong Jiang, Ming-Sheng Xie et al. "Crosslinked Aspartic Acids as Helix-Nucleating Templates". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, n.º 39 (30 de agosto de 2016): 12088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606833.

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7

Stafforst, Thorsten y Donald Hilvert. "Photolyase-like Repair of Psoralen-Crosslinked Nucleic Acids". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50, n.º 40 (29 de agosto de 2011): 9483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201103611.

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8

Sadeghpour, Mona, Nicola A. Quatrano, Lauren Meshkov Bonati, Kenneth A. Arndt, Jeffrey S. Dover y Michael S. Kaminer. "Delayed-Onset Nodules to Differentially Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acids". Dermatologic Surgery 45, n.º 8 (agosto de 2019): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001814.

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9

Bansal, Ruby, Shweta Tayal, K. C. Gupta y Pradeep Kumar. "Bioreducible polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, n.º 10 (2015): 3128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02614d.

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Electrostatically crosslinked bioreducible nanoparticles of polyethylenimine (DP NPs) have been prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and capability to transport nucleic acids inside the cells.

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10

Ávila-Salas, Fabian, Adolfo Marican, Soledad Pinochet, Gustavo Carreño, Oscar Valdés, Bernardo Venegas, Wendy Donoso, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Sekar Vijayakumar y Esteban F. Durán-Lara. "Film Dressings Based on Hydrogels: Simultaneous and Sustained-Release of Bioactive Compounds with Wound Healing Properties". Pharmaceutics 11, n.º 9 (2 de septiembre de 2019): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090447.

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This research proposes the rational modeling, synthesis and evaluation of film dressing hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with 20 different kinds of dicarboxylic acids. These formulations would allow the sustained release of simultaneous bioactive compounds including allantoin, resveratrol, dexpanthenol and caffeic acid as a multi-target therapy in wound healing. Interaction energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulation studies allowed evaluating the intermolecular affinity of the above bioactive compounds by hydrogels crosslinked with the different dicarboxylic acids. According to the computational results, the hydrogels crosslinked with succinic, aspartic, maleic and malic acids were selected as the best candidates to be synthesized and evaluated experimentally. These four crosslinked hydrogels were prepared and characterized by FTIR, mechanical properties, SEM and equilibrium swelling ratio. The sustained release of the bioactive compounds from the film dressing was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results indicate a good release profile for all four analyzed bioactive compounds. More importantly, in vivo experiments suggest that prepared formulations could considerably accelerate the healing rate of artificial wounds in rats. The histological studies show that these formulations help to successfully reconstruct and thicken epidermis during 14 days of wound healing. Moreover, the four film dressings developed and exhibited excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, the novel film dressings based on hydrogels rationally designed with combinatorial and sustained release therapy could have significant promise as dressing materials for skin wound healing.

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11

Zhang, Borui, Isuru M. Jayalath, Jun Ke, Jessica L. Sparks, C. Scott Hartley y Dominik Konkolewicz. "Chemically fueled covalent crosslinking of polymer materials". Chemical Communications 55, n.º 14 (2019): 2086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09823a.

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12

do Prado Silva, Jéssica Thaís, João Vitor Munari Benetti, Taís Téo de Barros Alexandrino, Odilio Benedito Garrido Assis, Jolet de Ruiter, Karin Schroën y Vânia Regina Nicoletti. "Whey Protein Isolate Microgel Properties Tuned by Crosslinking with Organic Acids to Achieve Stabilization of Pickering Emulsions". Foods 10, n.º 6 (4 de junio de 2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061296.

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Whey protein isolate (WPI) can be used effectively to produce food-grade particles for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. In the present study, crosslinking of WPI microgels using organic acids (tannic and citric acids) is proposed to improve their functionality in emulsions containing roasted coffee oil. It was demonstrated that crosslinking of WPI by organic acids reduces the microgels’ size from ≈1850 nm to 185 nm and increases their contact angle compared to conventional WPI microgels, achieving values as high as 60°. This led to the higher physical stability of Pickering emulsions: the higher contact angle and smaller particle size of acid-crosslinked microgels contribute to the formation of a thinner layer of particles on the oil/water (O/W) interface that is located mostly in the water phase, thus forming an effective barrier against droplet coalescence. Particularly, emulsions stabilized by tannic acid-crosslinked WPI microgels presented neither creaming nor sedimentation up to 7 days of storage. The present work demonstrates that the functionality of these crosslinked WPI microgels can be tweaked considerably, which is an asset compared to other food-grade particles that mostly need to be used as such to comply with the clean-label policy. In addition, the applications of these particles for an emulsion are much more diverse as of the starting material.

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13

Tabakovic, Rifat y Ibro Tabakovic. "Catalysis of nifuroxazide formation by crosslinked poly(vinylpyridine)-supported acids". Reactive and Functional Polymers 39, n.º 3 (marzo de 1999): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-5148(98)00002-9.

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14

Tayfur, Muhittin y Ali Güner. "Adsorption of certain amino acids onto crosslinked diethylaminoethyl dextran microbeads". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 96, n.º 5 (30 de marzo de 2005): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21661.

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15

Mandy, Stephen. "Commentary on Delayed Onset Nodules to Differentially Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acids". Dermatologic Surgery 45, n.º 8 (agosto de 2019): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001821.

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16

Jia, Zhiqian, Weixing Shi, Yan Wang y Jianli Wang. "Dicarboxylic acids crosslinked graphene oxide membranes for salt solution permeation". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 494 (abril de 2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.023.

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17

Cihlář, Zdeněk, Lucy Vojtová, Lenka Michlovská y Jiří Kučerík. "Preparation and hydration characteristics of carbodiimide crosslinked lignite humic acids". Geoderma 274 (julio de 2016): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.009.

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18

Arteche Pujana, Maite, Leyre Pérez-Álvarez, Luis Carlos Cesteros Iturbe y Issa Katime. "pH-sensitive chitosan-folate nanogels crosslinked with biocompatible dicarboxylic acids". European Polymer Journal 61 (diciembre de 2014): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.10.007.

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19

Carreño, Gustavo, Adolfo Marican, Sekar Vijayakumar, Oscar Valdés, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Johanna Castaño y Esteban F. Durán-Lara. "Sustained Release of Linezolid from Prepared Hydrogels with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids of Variable Chain Lengths". Pharmaceutics 12, n.º 10 (17 de octubre de 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100982.

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A series of hydrogels with a specific release profile of linezolid was successfully synthesized. The hydrogels were synthesized by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, which include succinic acid (SA), glutaric acid (GA), and adipic acid (AA). The three crosslinked hydrogels were prepared by esterification and characterized by equilibrium swelling ratio, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy. The release kinetics studies of the linezolid from prepared hydrogels were investigated by cumulative drug release and quantified by chromatographic techniques. Mathematical models were carried out to understand the behavior of the linezolid release. These data revealed that the sustained release of linezolid depends on the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chain length, their polarity, as well as the hydrogel crosslinking degree and mechanical properties. The in vitro antibacterial assay of hydrogel formulations was assessed in an Enterococcus faecium bacterial strain, showing a significant activity over time. The antibacterial results were consistent with cumulative release assays. Thus, these results demonstrated that the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids used as crosslinkers in the PVA hydrogels were a determining factor in the antibiotic release profile.

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20

Fattoum, Arbi, Mourad Arous, Rolando Pedicini, Alessandra Carbone y Clarence Charnay. "Conductivity and dielectric relaxation in crosslinked PVA by oxalic and citric acids". Polymer Science Series A 57, n.º 3 (mayo de 2015): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x15030049.

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21

Rowland, Matthew J., Eric A. Appel, Roger J. Coulston y Oren A. Scherman. "Dynamically crosslinked materials via recognition of amino acids by cucurbit[8]uril". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, n.º 23 (2013): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20180e.

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22

Solano-Delgado, Leidy C., César A. Bravo-Sanabria, Carolina Ardila-Suárez y Gustavo E. Ramírez-Caballero. "Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Polyglycerol Crosslinked with Citric and Fatty Acids". International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3267361.

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Polyglycerol-based hydrogels from biodegradable raw materials were synthesized by crosslinking reactions of polyglycerol with citric and fatty acids. Three hydrogels were studied varying molar ratios of crosslinking agent. It was found that crosslink amount, type, and size play a crucial role in swelling, thermal, mechanical, and stimuli-responsive properties. The hydrogels absorption capacity changed in response to temperature and pH external stimuli. The hydrogel with the highest swelling capacity absorbed more than 7 times its own weight at room temperature and pH 5. This material increased 14 times its own weight at pH 10. Creep-recovery tests were performed to study the effect of crosslinking agent on mechanical properties. Deformation and percentage of recovery of synthesized hydrogels were obtained. Formation of hydrogels was confirmed using FTIR, and physicochemical properties were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). This paper aims to give a contribution to biobased hydrogel knowledge from chemical, physicochemical, and mechanical point of view.

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23

Zhao, Hui, Yanhong Jiang, Yuan Tian, Dan Yang, Xuan Qin y Zigang Li. "Improving cell penetration of helical peptides stabilized by N-terminal crosslinked aspartic acids". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, n.º 2 (2017): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob02501c.

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24

Janout, V. y P. Čefelín. "Polymer reagents: preparation of polymer esters of thiocarboxylic acids based on crosslinked polystyrene". Polymer Bulletin 15, n.º 1 (enero de 1986): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00263493.

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25

Sato, Masaki, Akihiro Ichige, Tomoko Emura, Megumi Yoshimoto, Takayuki Nakahira, Susumu Iwabuchi y Kuniharu Kojima. "Selective transport of amino acids across a crosslinked poly(l-glutamic acid) membrane". Polymer 34, n.º 6 (enero de 1993): 1237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90779-a.

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26

Miccio, Luis A., Diana P. Fasce, Wido H. Schreiner, Pablo E. Montemartini y Patricia A. Oyanguren. "Influence of fluorinated acids bonding on surface properties of crosslinked epoxy-based polymers". European Polymer Journal 46, n.º 4 (abril de 2010): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.01.001.

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27

Kim, Han-Min, Hak-Ryul Kim, Ching T. Hou y Beom Soo Kim. "Biodegradable Photo-Crosslinked Thin Polymer Networks Based on Vegetable Oil Hydroxy Fatty Acids". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 87, n.º 12 (6 de julio de 2010): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1634-6.

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28

Cova, Tânia F., Dina Murtinho, Roberto Aguado, Alberto A. C. C. Pais y Artur J. M. Valente. "Cyclodextrin Polymers and Cyclodextrin-Containing Polysaccharides for Water Remediation". Polysaccharides 2, n.º 1 (13 de enero de 2021): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2010002.

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Chemical pollution of water has raised great concerns among citizens, lawmakers, and nearly all manufacturing industries. As the legislation addressing liquid effluents becomes more stringent, water companies are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental performance. In this context, emergent contaminants represent a major challenge, and the remediation of water bodies and wastewater demands alternative sorbent materials. One of the most promising adsorbing materials for micropolluted water environments involves cyclodextrin (CD) polymers and cyclodextrin-containing polysaccharides. Although cyclodextrins are water-soluble and, thus, unusable as adsorbents in aqueous media, they can be feasibly polymerized by using different crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin, polycarboxylic acids, and glutaraldehyde. Likewise, with those coupling agents or after substituting hydroxyl groups with more reactive moieties, cyclodextrin units can be covalently attached to a pre-existing polysaccharide. In this direction, the functionalization of chitosan, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and other carbohydrate polymers with CDs is vastly found in the literature. For the system containing CDs to be used for remediation purposes, there are benefits from a synergy that arises from (i) the ability of CD units to interact selectively with a broad spectrum of molecules, forming inclusion complexes and higher-order supramolecular assemblies, (ii) the functional groups of the crosslinker comonomers, (iii) the three-dimensional structure of the crosslinked network, and/or (iv) the intrinsic characteristics of the polysaccharide backbone. In view of the most recent contributions regarding CD-based copolymers and CD-containing polysaccharides, this review discusses their performance as adsorbents in micropolluted water environments, as well as their interaction patterns, addressing the influence of their structural and physicochemical properties and their functionalization.

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29

Kůdela, Vlastimil, Stanislav Ševčík, Olen Ryba y Jiří Vacík. "Quaternized Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-PVC Composite Membranes". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, n.º 11 (1993): 2588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932588.

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A series of homogeneous and heterogeneous composite membranes consisting of PVC and crosslinked quaternized poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) was investigated electrochemically. Their electrolytic resistances ranged from nearly zero to insulator values at a permselectivity of 62 - 96.7%. Highly conductive and permselective membranes are promising for neutralization dialysis and dialysis of acids. Isolator-like membranes behave as bipolar ones (diode effect) and, in contact with KCl solutions of different concentrations. like electrets (persistent charge).

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30

Adamova, L. V. y A. P. Safronov. "Thermodynamics of Interaction between Water and Lightly Crosslinked Hydrogels of Acrylic and Metacrylic Acids". Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 94, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2020): 2510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602442012002x.

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31

Akduman, Çiğdem, E. Perrin Akçakoca Kumbasar y Işık Özgüney. "Development and Characterization of Naproxen-Loaded Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers Crosslinked with Polycarboxylic Acids". AATCC Journal of Research 5, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.5.1.4.

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32

Mustata, Fanica, Nita Tudorachi y Ioan Bicu. "The kinetic study and thermal characterization of epoxy resins crosslinked with amino carboxylic acids". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 112 (marzo de 2015): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2015.01.030.

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33

Capiel, Guillermina, Emanuel Hernández, Norma E. Marcovich y Mirna A. Mosiewicki. "Stress relaxation behavior of weldable crosslinked polymers based on methacrylated oleic and lauric acids". European Polymer Journal 132 (junio de 2020): 109740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109740.

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34

Liu, Xin, Kai Xu, Huan Liu, Hualun Cai, Zien Fu, Ying Guo y Mingcai Chen. "The antihydrolytic effect and properties of crosslinked polyurethane containing natural dimer fatty acids building blocks". Macromolecular Research 20, n.º 6 (25 de abril de 2012): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-012-0083-5.

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35

Zhang, K., H. Fang, G. Shen, J. S. A. Taylor y K. L. Wooley. "Well-defined Cationic Shell Crosslinked Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of DNA or Peptide Nucleic Acids". Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 6, n.º 5 (15 de agosto de 2009): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200902-010aw.

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36

Solanki, Archana y Sonal Thakore. "Cellulose crosslinked pH-responsive polyurethanes for drug delivery: α-hydroxy acids as drug release modifiers". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 80 (septiembre de 2015): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.003.

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37

Jackson, Kenneth W., Victoria J. Christiansen, Kyung N. Lee, Christina F. Mason y Patrick A. McKee. "Substrate Preferences for Antiplasmin Cleaving Enzyme Hydrolysis of Peptides Derived from the α2-Antiplasmin Sequence." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1704.1704.

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Abstract Antiplasmin cleaving enzyme (APCE) is a proteinase that specifically, but slowly cleaves the Pro-Asn bond in long-form α2-antiplasmin (Met-α2AP) in human plasma. This slow cleavage produces a steady-state plasma mixture of Met-α2AP and an N-terminally shortened form of antiplasmin, Asn-α2AP. The Asn-α2AP form crosslinks to fibrin ~13-fold faster than Met-α2AP. A faster crosslink rate causes a greater number of antiplasmin molecules to become bound during fibrin formation, thereby enhancing resistance to fibrinolysis. Inhibition of plasma APCE may decrease the number of antiplasmin molecules crosslinked and result in clots that are more easily removed during fibrinolysis. Therefore, an inhibitor specific for APCE could potentially be used to regulate fibrinolysis. Human Met-α2AP exists in two polymorphic forms at position six in the mature sequence, with arginine predominant, and tryptophan accounting for a lesser percentage. We have determined the relative cleavage rates of synthetic peptides from a peptide library that span the cleavage site. The peptides contained all common amino acids except cysteine in the polymorphic position (P7 position). Arg was the optimal amino acid in this position with a relative cleavage rate ~5–10-fold faster than other amino acids except Lys, which was ~70% of the Arg rate. The P7 position Arg enhancement was also observed when Arg was in the P6 or P5 position, but no enhancement was observed when Arg was moved to positions P8, P4, P3 or P2. It was also determined that APCE is preferentially an endoproteinase rather than an aminodipeptidase, with a 10-fold greater rate of hydrolysis of the internal Pro-Asn bond in the Met-α2AP 1–17 peptide sequence MEPLGRQLTSGP-NQEQV over the Pro-Asn bond penultimate to the amino-terminal bond in the Met-α2AP 11–27 peptide sequence GP-NQEQVSPLTLLKLGN in peptide hydrolysis experiments. We conclude that APCE inhibitors designed with a positive charge placed upstream of the Pro-X scissile bond equivalent to five to seven amino acid residues may prove to be highly potent and specific. In addition, such inhibitors should also prove useful for blocking the activity of the closely related enzyme fibroblast activation protein. This work was supported by NIH grant HL072995.

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38

Miranda, Letícia Passos, José Renato Guimarães, Roberto Campos Giordano, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente y Paulo Waldir Tardioli. "Composites of Crosslinked Aggregates of Eversa® Transform and Magnetic Nanoparticles. Performance in the Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil". Catalysts 10, n.º 8 (22 de julio de 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080817.

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Eversa® Transform 2.0 has been launched to be used in free form, but its immobilization may improve its performance. This work aimed to optimize the immobilization of Eversa® Transform 2.0 by the crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique, using almost all the available tools to improve its performance. Several variables in the CLEA preparation were optimized to improve the recovered activity, such as precipitant nature and crosslinker concentration. Moreover, some feeders were co-precipitated to improve the crosslinking step, such as bovine serum albumin, soy protein, or polyethyleneimine. Starch (later enzymatically degraded) was utilized as a porogenic agent to decrease the substrate diffusion limitations. Silica magnetic nanoparticles were also utilized to simplify the CLEA handling, but it was found that a large percentage of the Eversa activity could be immobilized on these nanoparticles before aggregation. The best CLEA protocol gave a 98.9% immobilization yield and 30.1% recovered activity, exhibited a porous structure, and an excellent performance in the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol: 89.8 wt% of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) yield after 12 h of reaction, while the free enzyme required a 48 h reaction to give the same yield. A caustic polishing step of the product yielded a biodiesel containing 98.9 wt% of FAEEs and a free fatty acids content lower than 0.25%, thus the final product met the international standards for biodiesel. The immobilized biocatalyst could be reused for at least five 12 h-batches maintaining 89.6% of the first-batch yield, showing the efficient catalyst recovery by applying an external magnetic field.

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39

Suganthi, Sanjeevamuthu, Subramanian Mohanapriya, Vairamuthu Raj, Selvaraj Kanaga, Ramamurthy Dhandapani, Shanmugam Vignesh y Jeyaperumal Kalyana Sundar. "Tunable Physicochemical and Bactericidal Activity of Multicarboxylic-Acids-Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membrane for Food Packaging Applications". ChemistrySelect 3, n.º 40 (25 de octubre de 2018): 11167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201801851.

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40

Yan, Jinyong, Lifan Li, Qianli Tang, Manzhou Jiang y Shenzhou Jiang. "Preparation of a Crosslinked Bioimprinted Lipase for Enrichment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Fish Processing Waste". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 162, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2010): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-010-8910-7.

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41

Di Mauro, Chiara, Aratz Genua y Alice Mija. "Kinetical Study, Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics and Recyclability of Epoxidized Camelina Oil Cured with Antagonist Structure (Aliphatic/Aromatic) or Functionality (Acid/Amine) Hardeners". Polymers 13, n.º 15 (29 de julio de 2021): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152503.

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In an attempt to prepare sustainable epoxy thermosets, this study introduces for the first time the idea to use antagonist structures (aromatic/aliphatic) or functionalities (acid/amine) as hardeners to produce reprocessable resins based on epoxidized camelina oil (ECMO). Two kinds of mixtures were tested: one combines aromatic/aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid (DTBA) and 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDA); another is the combination of two aromatic structures with acid/amine functionality: DTBA and 4-aminophenyl disulfide (4-AFD). DSC and FT-IR analyses were used as methods to analyze the curing reaction of ECMO with the hardeners. It was found that the thermosets obtained with the dual crosslinked mechanism needed reduced curing temperatures and reprocessing protocols compared to the individual crosslinked thermosets. Thanks to the contribution of disulfide bonds in the network topology, the obtained thermosets showed recycling ability. The final thermomechanical properties of the virgin and mechanical reprocessed materials were analyzed by DMA and TGA. The obtained thermosets range from elastomeric to rigid materials. As an example, the ECMO/DTBA704-AFD30 virgin or reprocessed thermosets have tan δ values reaching 82–83 °C. The study also investigates the chemical recycling and the solvent resistance of these vitrimer-like materials.

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42

Thangaraj, Vijayalakshmi y Anupkumar Bhaskarapillai. "Organic acids modify the binding selectivity of crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) between Sb(III) and Sb(V)". Materials Today Communications 25 (diciembre de 2020): 101507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101507.

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43

Yu, Meng, Kenji Nagata y Masahiro Higuchi. "Specific Permeability of Chiral Amino Acids through the Peptide Grafted Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) Crosslinked Membranes". Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 39, n.º 3 (2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.39.317.

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44

Altuna, F. I., C. E. Hoppe y R. J. J. Williams. "Shape memory epoxy vitrimers based on DGEBA crosslinked with dicarboxylic acids and their blends with citric acid". RSC Advances 6, n.º 91 (2016): 88647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18010h.

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45

Singh, Kripal, Pravin G. Ingole, Hari C. Bajaj y Hariom Gupta. "Preparation, characterization and application of β-cyclodextrin-glutaraldehyde crosslinked membrane for the enantiomeric separation of amino acids". Desalination 298 (julio de 2012): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.04.023.

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46

Tiehua, Zhang, Zhao Chao, Zhao Changhui, Zhou Xinhui, Liang Yuan y Ye Haiqing. "Optimization of Conditions for Cholesterol Removal from Rana Chensinensis Ovum Oil". Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 17, n.º 2 (20 de julio de 2017): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:135-139.

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Chinese forest frog ovum oil is a medicinal food high in cholesterol. In the current study, we evaluated the relative efficiency of β-cyclodextrin, crosslinked β-cyclodextrin, and silica gel adsorption on cholesterol removal from Rana chensinensis ovum oil. Beta-cyclodextrin had the highest cholesterol reduction rate (60.84 ± 4.45%) among the three methods. We further evaluated the efficiency of cholesterol removal by beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of ethanol and higher (55°C) temperature. This resulted into cholesterol removal rate of as high as 76%. Interestingly, monounsaturated fatty acids increased from 4.96% to 29.12% after cholesterol removal. We conclude that beta-cyclodextrin is an excellent adsorbent for removing cholesterol from ovum oil.

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47

YUEN, C. W. M., S. K. A. KU, C. W. KAN, Y. F. CHENG, P. S. R. CHOI y Y. L. LAM. "USING NANO-TiO2 AS CO-CATALYST FOR IMPROVING WRINKLE-RESISTANCE OF COTTON FABRIC". Surface Review and Letters 14, n.º 04 (agosto de 2007): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009864.

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In order to prevent cotton wrinkling, hydroxyl groups in the cellulose chain of cotton are partially crosslinked to keep the chain fixed relative to each other with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU). However, DMDHEU suffers disadvantages of reduced fabric strength and releasing of free formaldehyde. Recently, 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) has been explored as a new wrinkle-resistant agent providing similar performance to that of DMDHEU. In BTCA finishing, catalyst of inorganic phosphorus-containing acids was used but such phosphorus compounds have an adverse impact on the environment. In this paper, nano- TiO 2 was used as a co-catalyst with sodium hypophophite in the treatment of cotton with BTCA, and the final properties were assessed.

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48

Mou, Jian Ye, Ke Xiang Zheng, Hua Jian Chen y Han Zhang. "A New Method for Measuring Acid Effective Consumption Time in Acid Fracturing". Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (agosto de 2014): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.639.

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In acid fracturing, the fast acid-rock reaction limits live acid penetration distance. Many kinds of acids were developed to reduce the acid-rock reaction rate. Acid effective consumption time in the fracure is a key factor for accurate prediction of live acid penetraiton distance in acid fracturing designs. In this paper, we developed a new method for measuring acid effective consumption time in the fracture and did experimental result matching to obtain effective acid diffusion coefficient with a acid flow-reaction model. Firstly, we designed a apparatus and corresponding experimental procedure. Then used the new method to measure the effective consumption time for gel acid and crosslinked acid. The new method uses reservoir core samples and is convenient to heat all the fluid as well as pipe lines to the reservoir tempeature, which reflects in-situ conditions more reliably. In the experiment, the rock mass loss with time was measured, based on which the acid consumption time is predicted. Under the experiment conditoins, the gel acid has a effecive consumption time about 17-minute, and the crosslinked acid has about 22-minutes at 130°. Finally, a model of acid flow-reaction in a fracture was used to match experimental results to obtained the acid diffution coeffecient. The results from this study help improve accuracy in acid fracturing designs.

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49

Headley, John V., Kerry M. Peru, Dena W. Mcmartin y Marcus Winkler. "Determination of Dissolved Naphthenic Acids in Natural Waters by Using Negative-Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2002): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.182.

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Abstract Naphthenic acids (NAs) have been implicated as some of the most toxic substances in oil sands leachates and identified as priority substances impacting on aquatic environments. As a group of compounds, NAs are not well characterized and comprise a large group of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic carboxylic acids found in hydrocarbon deposits (petroleum, oil sands bitumen, and crude oils). Described is an analytical method using negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES/MS) of extracts. Preconcentration was achieved by using a solid-phase extraction procedure utilizing a crosslinked polystyrene-based polymer with acetonitrile elution. Recovery of the Fluka Chemicals NA mixture was highly pH-dependent, with 100% recovery at pH 3.0, but only 66 and 51% recoveries at pHs 7 and 9, respectively. The dissolved phase of the NA was very dependent on sample pH. It is thus critical to measure the pH and determine the appropriate mass profiles to identify NAs in natural waters. The ES/MS analytical procedure proved to be a fast and sensitive method for the recovery and detection of NAs in natural waters, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L.

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50

Khatri, Sahrish, Najma Memon, Zeeshan Khatri y Farooq Ahmed. "TLC-based enantiomeric separation of amino acids onto β-CD-incorporated glutaraldehyde-crosslinked PVA electrospun fiber stationary phase". Acta Chromatographica 32, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2020): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2019.00685.

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Simple and economical methods for chiral separations are always needed in synthesis and drug development and as biomarkers, besides many other useful applications. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are chiral host molecules and have been used to separate a number of chiral analytes. In this study, we have successfully prepared electrospun films of β-CD incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. These films of β-CD-PVA-GA electrospun fibers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were subsequently used for thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-based enantiomeric separation of histidine and serine pairs. Amino acids were detected by spraying the chromatograms with the ninhydrin solution. Among various solvent systems employed, it was found that the separation of serine enantiomers with a resolution of 1.6 was possible with the mobile phase ethanol–butanol–ethyl acetate–water–acetone (4:5:5:0.5:1.5, v/v), and histidine enantiomers with a resolution of 1.4 were possible with the mobile phase ethanol–butanol–ethyl acetate–water–acetone (4:5:4.5:0.5:1.5, v/v). This proves that the prepared stationary phase is efficient in enatioresolution of selected amino acid pairs and can be further examined for physiological samples.

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