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1
Semantics, culture, and cognition: Universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
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Balanzategui, Jessica. The Uncanny Child in Transnational Cinema. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986510.
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The Uncanny Child in Transnational Cinema illustrates how global horror film depictions of children re-conceptualised childhood at the turn of the twenty-first century. By analysing an influential body of transnational horror films, largely stemming from Spain, Japan, and the US, Jessica Balanzategui shows how millennial uncanny child characters resist embodying growth and futurity, unravelling concepts to which the child's symbolic function is typically bound. The book proposes that complex cultural and industrial shifts at the turn of the millennium resulted in these potent cinematic renegotiations of the concept of childhood. By demonstrating both the culturally specific and globally resonant properties of these frightening visions of children who refuse to grow up, the book outlines the conceptual and aesthetic mechanisms by which long entrenched ideologies of futurity, national progress, and teleological history started to waver at the turn of the twenty-first century.
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Vicari Haddock, Serena, ed. Brand-building: the creative city. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-540-5.
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The aim of this book is to contribute to a critical assessment of the literature on the creative city and to a clarification of some of the many questions that remain unanswered. It is a collection of essays which, in the first part, addresses concepts and theories of urban development, city marketing and branding, presented as a framework in which the discourse of the creative city is embedded. In the second part, four case studies of cities considered to be emblematic of cultural industries (Manchester, Berlin, Dublin, and a comparative study of Milan and London) serve to illustrate the social production of creativity in specific urban contexts.
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Zlotnikova, Tat'yana. Interdisciplinary discourse of culture (philosophical-psychological and socio-cultural methodology). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1002008.
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The textbook actualizes interdisciplinary discourse as a principle of studying cultural experience in its versatility (creative personality and features of its activity; the existence of artistic culture in the society of different epochs, including in the modern world; Russia-specific problems of artistic influences: absurdity, totalitarianism). The material is presented on the basis of philosophical, psychological and social methodology, based on art criticism ideas. The author's concept of the publication is based on a non — trivial choice of analyzed cultural phenomena corresponding to the triad "man- chronotope — culture".
The publication can be used to deepen the theoretical positions studied in accordance with the new state educational standard for social and humanitarian specialties in compulsory and elective courses.
It is intended for students of universities and pedagogical universities, universities of culture and art: cultural scientists, historians, sociologists, philologists, art historians, graduate students in the Humanities and teachers.
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Kádár, Judit Ágnes y András Tarnóc, eds. La Frontera. Szeged, Hungary: Department of American Studies, University of Szeged, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/americana.books.2016.frontera.
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The essays in this book have one common denominator, the discussion of the concept of the border in American culture. Partly motivated by a symposium held on this very topic in late 2014 at Eszterházy Károly University of Applied Sciences of Eger, Hungary, the subsequent call for papers resulted in a variety of submissions. The starting point of all essays was Gloria Anzaldua’s statement: “[B]orderlands are not specific to the [American] Southwest. In fact the borderlands are physically present wherever two or more cultures edge each other, where people of different races occupy the same territory, where under, lower, middle and upper classes touch, where the space between two individuals shrinks with intimacy.”As a whole the nine articles involved treat issues related to the actual U.S.-Mexico border and U.S.-Canadian border, investigate the consequences of the encounter of different cultures, and examine the borderlines discernible in popular culture including film and music, literature, i.e. slave narratives and history.
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Meyer, Christian. The Cultural Organization of Intercorporeality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0006.
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This chapter addresses the question of the universality of specific forms of intercorporeality. This detailed microethnographic study of a Wolof village in Northwestern Senegal describes how different senses—eye-gaze, hearing, and touch—are used in embodied interaction and how, in turn, participation in cultural interaction patterns shapes people’s senses. These patterns are notably different than they are in those Western societies about whose micro-interactions which we have reliable information. The chapter first analyzes the cooperative pounding of millet by four women, then, in the second part, examines in detail social interactions in which other intercorporeal resources than gaze, notably acoustic feedback signals and touch, are used to secure intersubjectivity. The third part shows how the experience and expression of emotions as well as basic cultural concepts such as the “person” are shaped by the specific Wolof forms of intercorporeality as they are lived in concrete interactional situations.
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Lee, Geok Ling y Irene Teo. Cultural Considerations in Body Image and Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0017.
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Abstract: This chapter discusses the Asian cultural perspective based on Confucian concepts and how they can influence the body image experiences of patients with cancer. The chapter begins with a brief description of key Confucian concepts, such as relationship dominance, relational self, and self-cultivation. The connection between these concepts and the body image experience of patients with cancer is discussed, with illustrative examples. This is followed by a review of the research findings on body image in psycho-oncology studies conducted in Asia. Although limited, there are studies that examine body image changes in breast, gynecologic, head and neck, as well as gastrointestinal cancers. Clinical considerations are offered for health care providers who are interested in working with Asian patients with body image issues in an oncology setting. In conclusion, more efforts are needed to examine body image and cultural-specific themes in the context of oncology in Asia.
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Dignas, Beate, Beate Dignas, Gerald Schwedler, Marek Tamm, Patrick Hutton, Susan A. Crane, Stefan Berger, Alessandro Ancangeli y William Niven, eds. A Cultural History of Memory in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206747.
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The ancient world is a paradigm for the memory scholar. Without an awareness that collective memories are not only different from individual memories (or even the sum thereof) but also highly constructed, ancient research will be fundamentally flawed. Many networks of memories are beautifully represented in the written and material remains of antiquity, and it is precisely the ways in which they are fashioned, distorted, preserved or erased through which we can learn about the historical process as such. Our evidence is deeply characterized by the fact that ancient ‘identity’ and ‘memory’ appear exceptionally strong. Responsible for this is a continuing desire to link the present to the remote past, which creates many contexts in which memories were constructed. The ancient historian therefore has the right tools with which to work: places and objects from the past, monuments and iconography, and textual narratives with a primary purpose to memorize and commemorate. This is paired with our desire to understand the ancient world through its own self-perception. With the opportunity of tapping into this world by way of oral history, personal testimonies are a desideratum in all respects. Memory of the past, however, is profoundly about ‘self-understanding’. This volume surveys and builds on the many insights we have gained from vibrant research in the field since Maurice Halbwachs’ and Jan Assmann’s seminal studies on the idea and definition of ‘cultural memory’. While focusing on specific themes all chapters address the concepts and expressions of memory, and their historical impact and utilization by groups and individuals at specific times and for specific reasons.
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Edwards, Clive, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos y Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207164.
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During the period of the Enlightenment, the word ‘home’ could refer to a specific and defined physical living space, the location of domestic life, and a concept related to ideas of roots, origins, and retreat. The transformations that the Enlightenment encouraged created the circumstances for the concept of home to change and develop in the following three ways. First to influence homemaking were the literary and cultural manifestations that included issues around attitudes to education, social order and disorder, sensibility, and sexuality. Secondly, were the roles of visual and material culture of the home that demonstrated themselves through print, portraiture, literature, objects and products, and dress and fashion. Thirdly, were the industrial and sociological aspects that included concepts of luxury, progress, trade and technology, consumption, domesticity, and the notions of public and private spaces within a home. The chapters in this volume therefore discuss and reflect upon issues relating to the home through a range of approaches. Enlightenment homes are examined in terms of signification and meaning; the persons who inhabited them; the physical buildings and their furniture and furnishings; the work undertaken within them; the differing roles of men and women; the nature of hospitality, and the important role of religion in the home. Taken together they give a valuable overview of the manners, customs, and operation of the Enlightenment home.
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Fowler, Chris. From Identity and Material Culture to Personhood and Materiality. Editado por Dan Hicks y Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0015.
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The term ‘personhood’ refers to the state or condition of being a person. Studies of personhood investigate how persons emerge from specific ways of being in the world, and consider personhood and concepts of the person to be socially and culturally varied. This article explores the development of studies of personhood mainly in anthropology and archaeology in the context of previous and ongoing studies of identity and material culture. In so doing it seeks to demonstrate the importance of relationships between personhood and materiality — a term referring to the material character of the world at large, regardless of it being ‘cultural’ or ‘natural’. This article begins by outlining the development of studies of social and cultural identity, and explores the role played by material culture in these studies. This article also examines personhood as a specific axis of identity, and explores the integral relation between concepts of personhood and conceptions of materiality.
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Ravasi, Davide. Organizational Identity, Culture, and Image. Editado por Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth y Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.25.
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The concept of organizational identity is often confused with similar concepts such as organizational culture or organizational image. This confusion depends in part on the inconsistent use that scholars have made of these terms in the past. This chapter reviews the literature that has discussed how these concepts differ and how they are interrelated, and proposes an integrative framework that summarizes the most widely accepted definitions. It focuses in particular on research on dynamic interrelations between organizational identity and culture. It argues that apparently contradictory perspectives—conceiving of culture as a referent for identity vs. identity as facilitating contextual understanding for cultural norms—can be reconciled by acknowledging the dual nature of organizational identity as being constituted by social categories and organization-specific features, and the temporal dynamism that characterizes the relationship between culture and identity.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. Speaking about God in Universal Words, Thinking about God outside English. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0002.
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The chapter argues that vocabulary that is not intelligible to many “ordinary speakers” and not translatable into most languages of the world imprisons its users in a conceptual space defined by culture-specific English words and prevents genuine cross-cultural dialogue about God and religion. It seeks to demonstrate that it is possible to speak about God without relying on such complex and culturally shaped concepts and to think about God and religion afresh, in a new conceptual language based on the lexical and grammatical common core of all languages. As a result of a programme of cross-linguistic investigations, researchers believe that we now have a very good idea of what the shared lexical and grammatical core of all languages looks like and believe that different language-specific versions of this common core can function as minimal languages and be used for furthering understanding across cultures without bias.
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Trinh, Nhi-Ha T. y Justin A. Chen, eds. Sociocultural Issues in Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190849986.001.0001.
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This book explains fundamental concepts in cultural psychiatry using a case-based format and is geared toward clinicians and educators in the mental health fields. Whereas similar books have focused on providing guidelines for working clinically with specific populations, such as racial/ethnic or sexual/gender minorities, this book aims to expand the concept of culture as both multifactorial and dynamic, and to enhance knowledge and skills for translating theory into practice across diverse patient populations and clinical contexts. Chapters cover culture as a multidimensional construct; the way cultural issues have been treated in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; global psychiatric epidemiology; social determinants of psychiatric illness; the checkered past of psychiatry as a profession; minority stress theory; explanatory models of mental illness; the roles that religion, spirituality, gender, and sexuality play in the psychiatric encounter; implicit bias; how to respond to patients who request a provider of a specific race or gender; handling cultural challenges; and teaching sociocultural psychiatry across the lifespan. The goal of the book is to educate mental health clinicians at all levels, whether trainees, junior faculty, or senior faculty engaged in lifelong learning.
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Nelson, John. Diasporic Buddhisms and Convert Communities. Editado por Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.21.
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This chapter explores issues of diasporic Buddhist movement and cultural adaptation, as well as how individuals affiliate with Buddhist denominations in diverse settings worldwide. One of the enduring features of religion worldwide is mobility. Ideas, concepts, practices, prohibitions, and cosmologies circulate beyond cultural and political boundaries in ways ranging from intentional to spontaneous. The transregional and multicultural dimensions of Buddhism have been central to its history, institutional growth, and conceptual development, yet we also see specific ethnic versions of Buddhist practice shaped by very local concerns. Using the term “diaspora” for coerced as well as voluntary relocations of Buddhist traditions and practitioners helps track issues of accommodation, hybridity, discourse, and experimentation as new sociocultural contexts shape existing practices and patterns. The discussion also investigates how individuals affiliating with Buddhist traditions, whether as a form of heritage or as new converts, experience “taking refuge” in the Three Jewels in culturally conditioned ways.
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Voll, John Obert. The Middle East in World History. Editado por Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0025.
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This article describes the role of the Middle East in world history. The Middle East is both a strategic concept and a geo-cultural region. As a concept and a specific label of identification, it is a product of analysts writing about twentieth-century world affairs. However, as a region, its peoples and cultures are associated with the history of humanity from ancient times. This regional name itself shapes a way of understanding the history of the broad region of Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa. Both of the terms in the name — ‘Middle’ and ‘East’ — identify the region in relationship to other world regions and reflect the importance of the region's involvement in broader global historical processes. Along with examining the history of the region, the discussion also notes how the concepts of the historical units involved in that history have changed in the presentations of the history of the Middle East.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. Semantics, Culture and Cognition: Universal Human Concepts in Culture-specific Configurations. Oxf. U. P. (N. Y.), 1992.
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McMahan, David L. How Meditation Works. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0002.
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Meditation is often described in terms of internal “states” that presumably arise in anyone who practices them diligently. These practices, however, only “work” in specific social and cultural contexts, and the work they do may be quite different in divergent contexts. McMahan theorizes meditation practices as cultivating ways of being in specific social imaginaries constituted by a cultural repertoire of concepts, attitudes, social practices, ethical dispositions, institutions, power relations, available identities, structures of authority, and conceptions of the cosmos. This theorization extrapolates from recent studies of the historical embeddedness of psychosomatic illnesses that suggest that certain historical eras generate specific “symptom pools.” This recontextualization of meditation as a cultural practice underlines the necessity of humanistic study of meditation and the impossibility of a totalizing neurophysiological “explanation” of how meditation works.
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Westerdahl, Christer. The Maritime Cultural Landscape. Editado por Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton y Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0032.
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Maritime culture existed parallel to the agrarian mainstream. The term cultural landscape is partly applied into archaeological thinking. The first application of the specific concept of a maritime cultural landscape (also known as seascape, waterscape, island archeology etc.) dates to the middle of the 1970s. Any holistic view of maritime culture must be conceptual, administrative, material, or instinctive. Maritime cultural landscape is multilayered, not isolated from inland landscape, and was first published in English at the University of Copenhagen. It includes any hermeneutic kind of human relationship to the sea. The concept of Maritime cultural landscape has been used universally. There are many efforts currently made across the globe to make the maritime cultural landscape concept meaningful and enrich the appreciation of the maritime heritage.
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Jentges, Erik. Leadership Capital. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0014.
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The Leadership Capital Index utilizes the conceptual terminology of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. This chapter presents the groundwork for the LCI as it clarifies Bourdieu’s key concepts and traces the evolution from political capital to leadership capital. With an overview of Bourdieu’s three core concepts of economic, cultural, and social capital, plus the more elusive symbolic capital, the chapter assists with an appreciation of the analytical potential of the concept of political capital. The notion of leadership capital integrates many (but not all) aspects of Bourdieu’s field-specific notion of political capital and the LCI succeeds in translating his complex conceptualization into a manageable set of ten indicators. The chapter explains how together Bourdieu’s political sociology and the approach suggested through the LCI create numerous synergies and are promising and useful endeavors in the analysis of political leadership.
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Peckruhn, Heike. Moving through Experiencing Gender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190280925.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 introduces several phenomenological concepts via experiences of gender, such as intentionality, perceptual habitation, and sensory alignments. It provides contemporary, historical, and cultural examples of how perception is our way of being and knowing in the world in gendered ways. Our bodily experience is fundamentally a sensory experience that is actively structuring our being in the world and the world itself: Our senses structure our experiences and thereby structure our world, and our senses themselves are structured in a way so that culturally specific gendered experiences emerge. All meanings perceivable to us emerge from bodily perception and already carry gendered connotations.
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Han, Shihui. Cultural differences in neurocognitive processing of the self. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 examines the difference in self-concept proposed by philosophers and psychologists in Western and East Asian cultures. It then introduces a dominant theoretical framework of cultural differences in self-concept that focuses on independence and interdependence in Western and East Asian cultures, respectively. It reviews behavioral and brain imaging findings that reveal cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying self-advantage during face recognition. It also examines the neural mechanisms related to self-reflection in Western and East Asian cultures by showing that the enhanced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex characterizes the independent self-construals, and the activity in the temporoparietal junction involved in self-reflection mediates the interdependent self-construals. It discusses the relationship between the neural roots of culturally specific self-concept and behavior.
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Underhill, James W., Mariarosaria Gianninoto y Mariarosaria Gianninoto. Migrating Meanings. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696949.001.0001.
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Exploring the roots of four keywords for our times: Europe, the citizen, the individual, and the people, Mariarosaria Gianninoto’s and James Underhill’s Migrating Meanings (2019) takes a broad view of conceptualization by taking on board various forms of English, (Scottish, American, and English), as well as other European languages (German, French, Spanish & Czech), and incorporating in-depth contemporary and historical accounts of Mandarin Chinese. The corpus-based research leads the authors to conclude that the English keywords are European concepts with roots in French and parallel traditions in German. But what happens to Chinese words when they come into contact with migrating meanings from Europe? How are existing concepts like the people transformed? This book goes beyond the cold analysis of concepts to scrutinize the keywords that move people and get them excited about individual rights and personal destinies. With economic, political and cultural globalisation, our world is inseparable from the fates of other nations and peoples. But how far can we trust English to provide us with a reliable lingua franca to speak about our world? If our keywords reflect our cultures and form parts of specific cultural and historical narratives, they may well trace the paths we take together into the future. This book helps us to understand how other languages are adapting to English words, and how their worldviews resist ‘anglo-concepts’ through their own traditions, stories and worldviews.
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Cheyne, Peter, Andy Hamilton y Max Paddison, eds. The Philosophy of Rhythm. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199347773.001.0001.
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Spanning all cultures, rhythm is the basic pulse that animates poetry and music. The recent explosion of scholarly interest across disciplines in the aural dimensions of aesthetic experience—particularly in sociology, cultural and media theory, and literary studies—has yet to explore this fundamental category. Discussion of rhythm tends to be confined within the discrete conceptual domains and technical vocabularies of musicology and prosody. With its original essays by philosophers, psychologists, musicians, literary theorists, and ethno-musicologists, this volume opens up wider—and plural—perspectives. It examines formal affinities between the historically interconnected fields of music, dance, and poetry, addressing key concepts such as embodiment, movement, pulse, and performance. Questions considered include: What is the distinction between rhythm and pulse? What is the relationship between everyday embodied experience, and the specific experience of music, dance, and poetry? Can aesthetics offer an understanding of rhythm that helps inform our responses to visual and other arts, as well as music, dance, and poetry? What is the relation between psychological conceptions of entrainment, and the humane concept of rhythm and meter? This collection provides a unique overview of a neglected aspect of aesthetic experience, and will appeal across disciplinary boundaries. It examines formal affinities between the historically interconnected fields of music, dance, and poetry, addressing key concepts such as embodiment, movement, pulse, and performance. The book is conceived throughout to appeal to a cross-disciplinary readership.
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Dunagan, Colleen T. Commercials as Discursive Assemblages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491369.003.0003.
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Chapter Two demonstrates how commercials employ genre-specific codes and conventions to operate as discursive assemblages. The author adopts Grossberg’s concept of cultural formations as a model for analyzing dance in advertising. Through close readings of several commercials created for US companies produced between 1948 and 2012, the chapter offers an historicized reading of the strategic intersections between dance, television, film, and advertising within commercials to produce a form of marketing that simultaneously reinforces and destabilizes disciplinary boundaries. Several concepts central to the larger project are introduced here, including liveness, advertising positioning strategies, direct address and hailing, montage, and film musical conventions. While the study focuses on an analysis of the history and conventions of dance-in-advertising in the United States during the mid-to-late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, it also includes examples of commercials created to advertise US products in foreign markets.
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Biebuyck, William y Judith Meltzer. Cultural Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.140.
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Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development.
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Han, Shihui. Neural processes of culturally familiar information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 introduces the concept of cultural learning and its function in the transmission of cultural knowledge over generations, and the construction of new cultural beliefs/values and behavioral scripts. It examines brain activity that is engaged in differential processing of culturally familiar and unfamiliar information by reviewing functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential studies of neural activity involved in the processing of gesture, music, brand, and religious knowledge. Long-term cultural experiences give rise to specific neural mechanisms in the human brain that deal with culturally familiar information in multiple neural circuits underlying the inference of mental states and reward, for example. The unique neural mechanisms underlying culturally familiar stimuli provide a default mode of neural processing of culturally familiar information received in daily life.
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Maihold, Günther, Hartmut Sangmeister y Nikolaus Werz, eds. Lateinamerika. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845294278.
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The handbook ‘Lateinamerika’ presents basic terms, political, economic, social and legal problems, and topics relating to and challenges faced by Latin America and its heterogeneous national realities. It also regards itself as obligated to area studies by presenting and understanding the aforementioned terms in their regional context. It provides up-to-date information, outlines key concepts and addresses important topics in the debate in and on Latin America. It deals with historical, domestic and foreign policy, economic, social and cultural issues. In seven thematic chapters, it examines the region’s diversity and its involvement in international and cultural dynamics, while also further developing specific issues with examples. Because it addresses a vast array of subjects academically, this handbook is an in-depth work suitable for both academics and students, which also offers all those interested in Latin America a competent insight into this region.
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Fuchsel, Catherine. Yes I Can, (Sí, Yo Puedo). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672829.001.0001.
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The Sí, Yo Puedo (SYP) program manual/book is a culturally specific 11-week curriculum designed to provide education on domestic violence, promote self-esteem, prevent domestic violence, help participants understand healthy relationships within a cultural framework, and empower immigrant Latina women to access resources and support systems in their respective communities. The step-by-step and structured SYP program manual/book is intended for bilingual Spanish-English speaking licensed graduate mental health professionals who work with immigrant Latina women or Latina women in general across the United States and around the world in direct practice settings and who want to offer psycho-educational groups. Each week, immigrant Latina women meet for two hours in a group format setting.The SYP curriculum is divided into three parts: Part I: Awareness of Self, Part II: Knowledge of Relationships within Culture, and Part III: Impact of Factors on Relationships. The mental health professional (i.e., group facilitator) teaches and facilitates large-group discussion among group members on the following topics: (a) Introductions and Who Am I?; (b) Coping Strategies; (c) Self-Esteem; (d) Influences of Past Trauma; (e) Dating; (f) Cultural Concepts: Machismo, Familism, and Marianismo; (g) Healthy Relationships; (h) Domestic Violence; (i) Factors Influencing Relationships or Sexual Abuse; (j) Talking to Children; and (k) Resources and Graduation. Through group discussion and instruction, in-class drawing and writing self-reflection exercises, and peer support, immigrant Latina women are empowered to examine their identity, self-esteem, and current relationships and to potentially make changes in their lives.
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Proust, Joëlle y Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.
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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive messages, difficult from easy cognitive tasks) or on folk theories about one’s own mental abilities. Variable and universal features associated with these dimensions are documented, using anthropological, linguistic, neuroscientific, and psychological evidence. Among the universal cross-cultural aspects of metacognition, children are found to be more sensitive to their own ignorance than to that of others, adults have an intuitive understanding of what counts as knowledge, and speakers are sensitive to the reliability of informational sources (independently of the way the information is linguistically expressed). On the other hand, an agent’s decisions to allocate effort, motivation to learn, and sense of being right or wrong in perceptions and memories (and other cognitive tasks) are shown to depend on specific transmitted goals, norms, and values. Metacognitive variability is seen to be modulated (among other factors) by variation in attention patterns (analytic or holistic), self-concepts (independent or interdependent), agentive properties (autonomous or heteronomous), childrearing style (individual or collective), and modes of learning (observational or pedagogical). New domains of metacognitive variability are studied, such as those generated by metacognition-oriented embodied practices (present in rituals and religious worship) and by culture-specific lay theories about subjective uncertainty and knowledge regarding natural or supernatural entities.
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Larsen, Matthew D. C. Unfinished and Less Authored Texts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848583.003.0002.
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The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.
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Rashid, Tayyab y Martin P. Seligman. Positive Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001.
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Positive psychotherapy (PPT) is a therapeutic endeavor within positive psychology that aims to alleviate symptomatic stress by way of enhancing well-being. Traditional psychotherapy does a good job of making clients feel, for example, less depressed or less anxious, but the well-being of clients is not an explicit goal. Positive psychology studies the conditions and processes that enable individuals, communities, and institutions to flourish. PPT integrates symptoms with strengths, risks with resources, weaknesses with values, and regrets with hopes, in order to understand the inherent complexities of human experience in a balanced way. Without dismissing or minimizing the client’s concerns, the PPT clinician empathically understands and attends to pain associated with trauma and simultaneously explores the potential for growth. This clinician’s manual contains 15 PPT sessions, with core concepts, guidelines, skills, and worksheets for practicing these skills. Each session focuses on one or more practice and includes a Fit & Flexibility section that presents various ways that PPT practices can work (without losing their core elements) given clients’ specific situations. Each session includes at least one vignette as well as cross-cultural implications.
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Wang, Qi, Yubo Hou y Tracy Gould. Dialecticism and the Future Self in Cultural Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0015.
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Dialectical thinking reflects both a view of the world and a view of oneself as fluid and changing. This chapter discusses the role of dialectical thinking in people’s prediction of changes in their future selves. Focus is on the future self-concept, namely, the conceptual representation of the self in the future, and the episodic future self, namely, the anticipation of specific future personal events. It is proposed that dialectical thinking, as a form of cultural knowledge, may guide people in their perception of their future selves relative to their present and past selves and in their construction of plausible future events from past experiences. The chapter further discusses the relation of dialectical thinking and the future self to psychological well-being. Throughout the discussion, original data from a cross-cultural project with mainland Chinese and European American college students are presented, to illustrate the psychological and cultural foundations of the future self.
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Singleton, Jermaine. Coda. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039621.003.0007.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book has attempted to demonstrate that America continues to suffer from the immaterial dimensions of the legacy of slavery and ongoing racial subjugation it claims with great difficulty. The preceding chapters worked in concert to elucidate the affective claims of the history of slavery and ongoing racial subjugation through a theory of cultural melancholy. In writing thw book through a close reading of American and African American literatures and cultures, it is hoped to reveal a culturally and historically specific paradigm that explains how unresolved racial grievances are transmitted transgenerationally by way of ritual practice, and uncover a paradigm for understanding racialized subject formation that is simultaneously individualistic and interpersonal.
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Franco, Chiara de. The Media and Postmodern Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.339.
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Contemporary conflicts and warfare are invariably connected to some recurrent elements: globalization; the decline of the State; the emergence of transnational relations, both cultural and economic; late capitalism; post-industrialism; the end of ideologies and metaphysics; and the rise of the “society of spectacle” and the information age. These elements are all generally recognized as being the distinctive characteristics of postmodernity. The media plays an important role in understanding conflict dynamics and in illuminating some characteristics of postmodern conflict. The literature on the relationship between the media and conflict develops concepts and theories which are essential for understanding the role of the media in the evolution and conduct of contemporary conflicts. This literature focuses on two different aspects: firstly, the specific activities of the mass media, i.e. the media coverage of conflicts, and secondly, the interaction between the media and the political and military decision-making processes. Following either the powerful media paradigm or the limited effects hypothesis, these works develop in the same period very different concepts like propaganda and the CNN effect. It is important to keep in mind that these concepts are the result of an attempt to clarify the existing conceptualization of the role of the media in present conflicts and do not represent consolidated categories as such.
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Schwain, Kristin. The Bible and Art. Editado por Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.35.
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An artwork picturing biblical subject matter is never a straightforward depiction of a scriptural text. It is a visual translation of it, shaped by available models of interpretation, the aesthetic styles and visual cultures of the era, and the cultural contexts of its production, display, circulation, and reception. This chapter analyzes specific examples of American art to showcase the four primary functions performed by biblical subject matter throughout the nation’s history: to deliver moral instruction, engage sociopolitical concerns, assert communal identity, and render cultural criticism. The expansive and varied visual landscape that results testifies to the bible’s centrality in American art history.
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Marran, Christine L. Ecology without Culture. University of Minnesota Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9781517901585.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces my concept of the “biotrope” to navigate the broader question of why and how the material world has proven to be such an effective medium for representing culture. It then argues that ecocriticism needs to be more skeptical about cultural claims. The chapter then shows how literature, poetry, and film are at their most critical and effective when they are not made to replicate our desire for a world that appears to be made by and for specific human collectives or the anthropos.
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Francis, Richard y Harald Sneemann. Painting Object Film Concept: Works from the Herbig Collection. Christie's, 1998.
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1939-, Burton Scott y Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc., eds. Painting, object, film, concept: Works from the Herbig collection. New York: Christie's, 1998.
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Frühauf, Tina. Transcending Dystopia. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532973.001.0001.
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Transcending Dystopia features pioneering research on the role music played in its various connections to and contexts of Jewish communal life and cultural activity in Germany from 1945 to 1989. As the first history of the Jewish communities’ musical practices during the postwar and Cold War eras, it tells the story of how the traumatic experience of the Holocaust led to transitions and transformations, and the significance of music in these processes. As such, it relies on music to draw together three areas of inquiry: the Jewish community, the postwar Germanys and their politics after the Holocaust (occupied Germany, the Federal Republic, the Democratic Republic, and divided Berlin), and the concept of cultural mobility. Indeed, the musical practices of the Jewish communities in the postwar Germanys cannot be divorced from politics, as can be observed in their relations to Israel and United States. On the grounds of these conceptual concerns, selective communities serve as case studies to provide a kaleidoscopic panorama of musical practices in worship and in social life. Within these pillars, the chapters in this volume cover a wide spectrum of topics, from music during commemorations, on the radio and in Jewish newspapers, to synagogue concerts and community events; from the absence and presence of cantor and organ to the resurgence of choral music. What binds these topics tightly together is the specific theoretical inquiry of mobility. Interdisciplinary in scope and method, the book builds on recent scholarship in Cold War studies, cultural history, German studies, Holocaust studies, and Jewish studies.
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Wilson, Jeff. “Mindfulness Makes You a Way Better Lover”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0008.
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American self-help authors, coaches, and sexologists selectively adopt and apply Buddhist meditation techniques to meet their goals and sell products. This chapter draws upon books, articles, podcasts, TED talks, and other sources to demonstrate how these new applications of mindfulness are touted to enhance the sex act, delivering greater pleasure or effectively managing dysfunction. Key concepts include analysis of the economics involved in the appropriation of Buddhist practices, the role of gender in the “secular” use of meditation (almost all books recommend mindful sex for women, but few focus on men), the mixed Asian and Western frameworks for understanding the body and the meaning of sex, and the alternate uses to which elements of Buddhism may be put in different cultural settings. A specific genre of the use of meditation serves as a means to explore secular developments that draw upon Buddhist sources in a sometimes uneasy relationship.
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Dickerman, Anna L., Yesne Alici, William Breitbart y Harvey Max Chochinov. Palliative Care and Spiritual Care of Persons with HIV and AIDS. Editado por Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding y Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0041.
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The meaning and role of palliative and spiritual care have evolved over the last decades, along with the dramatically changing clinical picture of AIDS. Although advances in antiretroviral therapy and medical interventions have allowed persons with HIV/AIDS and access to care to live longer and healthier lives, many persons in the United States and throughout the world continue to die of AIDS. There is an increased need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to care including psychosocial and family support. Curative, palliative, and spiritual care should be integrated, without dichotomizing curative and palliative approaches, in order to meet the challenges of AIDS throughout the course of illness. This chapter reviews basic concepts of palliative and spiritual care, as well as specific challenges facing clinicians involved in HIV palliative care. Finally, issues such as bereavement, demoralization, dignity, meaning, cultural sensitivity, doctor–patient communication, and psychiatric contributions to physical symptom control are reviewed.
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Metzler, Irina. Intellectual Disability in the European Middle Ages. Editado por Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick y Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.4.
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This investigation of intellectual disability in the Middle Ages uncovers narratives of this perceived condition in the historical sources. Authors of normative texts, for instance, medical, legal, and natural-philosophical authorities, were the medieval equivalent of modern scientific experts with regard to defining, assessing, and controlling notions of intellectual disability. This new and specific discussion seeks to reframe the paradigm of what constituted intellectual disability at different periods in both medieval and modern times. Philosophically, and subsequently judicially, medieval intellectual disability was considered the absence of reason, representing the irrational, which contrasted the mentally disabled with the Aristotelian concept of the human being as the rational animal. Medieval terminology employed a fluidity of definitions, which highlights the constructedness of terms revolving around intellectual disability. Analyses of the culturally specific constructions of intellectual disability enhance our knowledge of the intellectual heritage underpinning current concepts of cognitive and mental pathologies.
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Tkaczyk, Viktoria y Stefan Weinzierl. Architectural Acoustics and the Trained Ear in the Arts. Editado por Christian Thorau y Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.14.
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This chapter shifts perspective from the history of architectural acoustics (as a branch of physics) to the history of architecture and practices of listening from around 1780 to 1830. In this period, operas, concerts, and spoken theater pieces, traditionally performed in the same venue, were increasingly regarded as separate genres, each related to a specific sonic reverberation time. As this chapter illustrates using acoustic data from major venues, this separation corresponded with ever-diverging concepts of acoustic design and the acoustic properties of new buildings. The shift occurred, first, because of the emergence of a bourgeois theater and music culture and, second, due to a fundamental epistemic shift in acoustic theory when sound reflection began to be thought of as a phenomenon related to energy, time, and building materials. The audience was conceived of as a group of genre-specific listening experts who paid attention to sound dying away over time.
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Chasiotis, Athanasios. The developmental role of experience-based metacognition for cultural diversity in executive function, motivation, and mindreading. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0007.
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How children obtain an understanding of mental states in others—“mindreading” or “theory of mind” (ToM)—during their cognitive development is a major concern in developmental psychology. There is also much debate about and empirical research on the developmental relationship between ToM and the set of processes that monitor and control thoughts and actions, i.e., executive functioning (EF). Until recently, little was known about the cross-cultural variation of both concepts. This chapter presents empirical findings on these concepts and takes a metacognitive perspective to clarify their relationship. A series of cross-cultural studies have been undertaken to specify the relationship between EF and ToM by verifying assumptions about the quality of conflict inhibition necessary for the development of ToM’s key aspect, false-belief understanding. The main argument is that an experience-based view of the metacognitive mechanisms involved might give a more parsimonious explanation of their relationship and their cultural variations.
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Lines, David. The Ethics of Community Music. Editado por Brydie-Leigh Bartleet y Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.23.
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This chapter outlines different concepts and positions on ethics as they apply to community music. An understanding of ethics is important in music because of its intrinsic nature as a human practice that involves acts of sharing, participation, interaction, and engagement through music (Cobussen & Nielsen, 2012). The changing and diverse nature of communities means that community music facilitators need to have the necessary conceptual tools to consider the possible ethical consequences and directions of their community music actions. A critical, questioning approach is advocated for, so that the demands of different community contexts are taken into account. Following a discussion of ethical principles and values important to music education, the chapter outlines some ethical contexts and perspectives specific to community music. A simple framework is suggested that could be applied to the critical questioning of the ethics of community music and serve as a tool to help community musicians and cultural workers negotiate the complex decision-making and creative practice in their work.
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Costanzo, William V. When the World Laughs. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924997.001.0001.
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This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.
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Feldman, Marian H. Style as a Fragment of the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0005.
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Style in art history is often taken as a fragment or residue of a larger historical past and as such it plays a foundational role in the study of ancient societies. What actually causes style, however, remains vaguely theorized, if considered at all. This chapter reviews a range of theories that explore, to varying degrees, an explanation for style and then proposes an understanding of style as the product of human/social practices, drawing upon concepts such as Giddens’s structuration and Bourdieu’s habitus. It concludes by distinguishing the art historical method of stylistic analysis from that of stylistic interpretation, arguing that stylistic analysis can serve as a universal disciplinary approach, while at the same time acknowledging that what style meant to past viewers/users varied according to specific cultural context and thus must be interpreted from within this context. Because of its social contingency, style is therefore a potent fragment of past practices that survives for our analytic assessment/interpretation. This conclusion is explored through a case study of early Iron Age art from the Levant and Assyria.
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Moon, Jeremy. 3. National and international developments. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671816.003.0004.
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‘National and international developments’ compares national approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly between the USA and Europe, but also within Asia and Africa, and in so doing also identifies factors in the international development of CSR among these and other countries. CSR was first established in the USA, where the concept of specific company level responsibilities emerged both as a management and an academic concept, reflecting related cultural, economic, and political themes. The concept has not been simply exported; rather it has been adapted to different national ethical and regulatory frameworks in which assumptions and systems of responsibility are framed.
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Zerubavel, Eviatar. Generally Speaking. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519271.001.0001.
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Defying the conventional split between “theory” and “methodology,” this book introduces a yet unarticulated and thus far never systematized method of theorizing designed to reveal abstract social patterns. Insisting that such methodology can actually be taught, it tries to make the mental processes underlying the practice of a “concept-driven sociology” more explicit. Many sociologists tend to study the specific, often at the expense of also studying the generic. To correct this imbalance, the book examines the theoretico-methodological process by which we can “distill” generic social patterns from the culturally, historically, and situationally specific contexts in which we encounter them. It thus champions a “generic sociology” that is pronouncedly transcontextual (transcultural, transhistorical, transsituational, and translevel) in its scope. In order to uncover generic, transcontextual social patterns, data need to be collected in a wide range of social contexts. Such contextual diversity is manifested multi-culturally, multihistorically, multisituationally, as well as at multiple levels of social aggregation. True to its message, the book illustrates generic social patterns by drawing on numerous examples from diverse cultural contexts and historical periods and a wide range of diverse social domains, as well as by disregarding scale. Emphasizing cross-contextual commonality, generic sociology tries to reveal formal “parallels” across seemingly disparate contexts. This book features the four main types of cross-contextual analogies generic sociologists tend to use (cross-cultural, cross-historical, cross-domain, and cross-level), disregarding conventionally noted substantive differences in order to note conventionally disregarded formal equivalences.
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Downes, William. Linguistics and the Scientific Study of Religion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0004.
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Registers of language are cultural templates, normatively constituting the situation types that make up a culture, and yet reciprocally determined by the situation’s linguistic requirements. This chapter proposes that a register such as prayer has typical psychological effects within the mind/brain of its users. These make it also a cognitive register, a linguistically enabled and shaped way of thinking and feeling. This process is analysed using cognitive pragmatics, more specifically relevance theory. Processing petitionary prayer can produce specific psychological effects. It is proposed that the petitions are not directive speech acts, but tools for learning. Petitionary prayer also shapes affectivity and motivation. This is explored using Panksepp’s concept of the SEEKING system. The mind-brain of one who prays is trained into habits of understanding and feeling otherwise unavailable. By bringing together these two approaches, the sociological and the psychological, the essay investigates how a cultural linguistic practice shapes religious cognition.