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Gill, R. Bruce. "Professionalism, Advocacy,and Credibility: A Futile Cycle?" Human Dimensions of Wildlife 6, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200152668661.
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Delgado, Carlos, Iván Araya y Gabriel Pino. "Business cycle synchronization: is it affected by inflation targeting credibility?" SERIEs 11, n.º 2 (5 de octubre de 2019): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-019-00206-z.
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Abstract We empirically study the impact of inflation targeting credibility on business cycle synchronization with G-7 economies. To do this, we use a sample of 15 inflation targeting countries to develop and calculate a reputation-based credibility measure for long- and short-term memory. By using dynamic multipliers through a panel vector autoregressive model, our main findings indicate that greater credibility allows for greater anchoring of inflation expectations by economic agents. This would lead to a greater effectiveness of monetary policy in stabilizing the evolution of prices, allowing the output gap to be more sensitive to external aggregate demand shocks. Therefore, countries with inflation targeting regimes must develop and maintain credibility for their monetary policy if they want to encourage greater interactions with the rest of the world.
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Kuncoro, Haryo. "The Credibility of Fiscal Rules Policy and Business Cycle Volatility". Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 63, n.º 2 (2016): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2016-0117.
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The aim of this paper is two-fold; first, it studies the impact of the credibility of fiscal rule policy on the stability of output growth; second, it compares the effectiveness of fiscal rule policy to discretionary and automatic stabilizer fiscal policies to address the fluctuation of output growth. Employing quarterly data over the period 2001-2013 in the case of Indonesia, we obtain that the credible debt rule leads to a decrease in the volatility of output growth while the non-credible deficit rule does not have any effect. Both unsystematic and systematic components of discretionary fiscal policy have a stabilizing function. Interestingly, the automatic stabilization tends to induce the volatility of output growth. Given those results, we infer that government spending is not a good automatic stabilizer. It seems that the lower ratio of government expenditure to GDP along with improving credibility of deficit rule policy has a smoother effect on the economy. Therefore, they implicitly support expenditure cuts when implementing fiscal adjustment with the purpose of reaching fiscal sustainability in the short-run and a stable economic growth in the long-run.
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Thornton, Jack. "The Question of Credibility". Mechanical Engineering 132, n.º 05 (1 de mayo de 2010): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-may-4.
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This article presents an overview of capabilities and applications of finite element analysis (FEA) in engineering analysis. FEA is useful wherever the risk of material failure or engineering error has serious consequences—any of the legal, regulatory, and bottom-line ramifications of product failure. They also point out that credibility lies at the heart of every simulation effort, FEA or otherwise. FEA software developers have made it easier to use their software via user-friendly graphical user interfaces. FEA is a uniquely powerful tool for prototyping, as well as reducing the traditional build-test-break cycle from months or even years of trial and error to weeks of digital calculations and validations. Digital prototyping also allows designers to quickly dig into more design options. Most complicated engineering analyses use nonlinear FEA for challenging problems. Nonlinear FEA includes elastic and plastic transformations; tension and compression; buckling; fixed and sliding contacts, fatigue, creep, large deflections and deformations; large strain; hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, and many others. In the real world, each of the linear and nonlinear uses is problematical. Getting them right depends heavily on the analysts, so their skills should be also validated and verified.
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Li, Nan, Dominique Brossard, Dietram A. Scheufele, Paul H. Wilson y Kathleen M. Rose. "Communicating data: interactive infographics, scientific data and credibility". Journal of Science Communication 17, n.º 02 (18 de junio de 2018): A06. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.17020206.
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Information visualization could be used to leverage the credibility of displayed scientific data. However, little was known about how display characteristics interact with individuals' predispositions to affect perception of data credibility. Using an experiment with 517 participants, we tested perceptions of data credibility by manipulating data visualizations related to the issue of nuclear fuel cycle based on three characteristics: graph format, graph interactivity, and source attribution. Results showed that viewers tend to rely on preexisting levels of trust and peripheral cues, such as source attribution, to judge the credibility of shown data, whereas their comprehension level did not relate to perception of data credibility. We discussed the implications for science communicators and design professionals.
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Chis, Oana, Opris Dumitru, Riccardo Concu y Bairong Shen. "Yeast Network and Report of New Stochastic-Credibility Cell Cycle Models". Current Bioinformatics 6, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2011): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157489311795222419.
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Penders, Bart y Annemiek P. Nelis. "Credibility Engineering in the Food Industry: Linking Science, Regulation, and Marketing in a Corporate Context". Science in Context 24, n.º 4 (8 de noviembre de 2011): 487–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000202.
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ArgumentWe expand upon the notion of the “credibility cycle” through a study of credibility engineering by the food industry. Research and development (R&D) as well as marketing contribute to the credibility of the food company Unilever and its claims. Innovation encompasses the development, marketing, and sales of products. These are directed towards three distinct audiences: scientific peers, regulators, and consumers. R&D uses scientific articles to create credit for itself amongst peers and regulators. These articles are used to support health claims on products. However, R&D, regulation, and marketing are not separate realms. A single strategy of credibility engineering connects health claims to a specific public through linking that public to a health issue and a food product.
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Garavaglia, Elsa y Luca Sgambi. "The use of a credibility index in the life-cycle assessment of structures". Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 11, n.º 5 (14 de mayo de 2014): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2014.896022.
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Huang, Xiao Rong, Shun Sheng Guo y Xiao Bing Yu. "Supplier Evaluation Based on Mobile Agent and Information Credibility". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzo de 2010): 3587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3587.
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Supplier evaluation is the most vital action of supplier selection. Supplier evaluation data is divided into two kinds: the qualitative and the quantitative. In this study, it proposes through using mobile agent to obtain quantitative data from suppliers and expert rating methods to get qualitative data. To deal with the inconsistency of time period about getting these two types data, a new method is proposed to process the qualitative data by the establishment of information credibility about evaluation data. The obtained results show that the proposed method is well suited for supplier evaluation to shorten the evaluation cycle and enhance the timeliness.
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KONIUSZY, Adam. "The use of cluster analysis method for the development of static load cycles of diesel engines in non road vehicles". Combustion Engines 135, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2008): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117230.
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This paper presents a methodology of development of substitute cycle of loads of non road vehicle engines. The use of cluster analysis method made it possible to locate seven characteristic phases of Z8401.12 engine loads, which occur in typical conditions of tractor operation in the region of Pomorze Zachodnie. The author compared credibility breakdowns of the obtained results and stated that the obtained cycle of loads differs from the hitherto used static tests of non road vehicles
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Zheng, Xue Bing y Ran Li. "Transformer Selection Research Based on Blind Number Theory". Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (febrero de 2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.159.
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For a long time, the power company is always concerned about acquisition costs in power equipment selection and ignores the impact of operating costs on the selection decision. Thus, the selection model has a certain one-sidedness. In this paper, the life cycle costs theory is applied to the transformer selection, which consider transformer initial investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, technological overhaul costs, the cost of failure and scrap disposal costs in full life cycle more comprehensively. The result not only gives the transformer blind number expectations of full life cycle cost, but also can give the credibility of different costs interval and have a certain reference value.
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Ivory, Chris y Helen Shipton. "Latour and Woolgar’s ‘cycle of scientific credibility’ as a basis for conceptualizing business school strategy". Review of Managerial Science 14, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00363-2.
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Chia, Austin. "Distilling the Essence of the McKinsey Way: The Problem-Solving Cycle". Management Teaching Review 4, n.º 4 (5 de junio de 2018): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2379298118779325.
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Consulting projects where students are tasked to propose solutions to a client issue are a common feature in many business courses. Whether scenario-based or dealing with real clients, students engaged in consulting tasks tend to focus on solution development without giving due consideration to the underlying process by which they derive their solutions. Drawing on consulting practitioner approaches, this article presents a translation of the McKinsey approach as a six-stage structured problem-solving methodology that can be used to guide students on how to develop solutions in a systematic, logical, and evidence-based way. Prescribing a standardized methodology to students to guide their approach to consulting tasks ensures that they are able define and decompose business problems effectively and enhances the credibility of their proposed solutions.
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Sisodia, Ayush y Jonathan Monteiro. "Lithium-Ion Battery Management System: A Lifecycle Evaluation Model for the Use in the Development of Electric Vehicles". MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814404020.
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The use of Lithium-ion batteries in the automobile sector has expanded drastically in the recent years. The foreseen increment of lithium to power electric and hybrid electric vehicles has provoked specialists to analyze the long term credibility of lithium as a transportation asset. To give a better picture of future accessibility, this paper exhibits a life cycle model for the key procedures and materials associated with the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery life cycle, on a worldwide scale. This model tracks the flow of lithium and energy sources from extraction, to generation, to on road utilization, and the role of reusing and scrapping. This life cycle evaluation model is the initial phase in building up an examination model for the lithium ion battery production that would enable the policymakers to survey the future importance of lithium battery recycling, and when in time setting up a reusing foundation be made necessary.
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Sun, Jun, Bei Ke Zhang y Chong Guang Wu. "Life Cycle VV&A Simulation Modeling Process Based on Validation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (julio de 2011): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.511.
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Simulation modeling VV&A is verification, validation and accreditation. In the field of petrochemical industry, focus of VV&A still lays on the model validation, and people always do appropriate model verification, validation work after model development. It does not yet formed a complete hierarchy or framework for effective implementation of life cycle VV&A. This paper referenced the research achievement of military simulation modeling and test-driven software development technology, introduced the modeling VV&A technology into the whole life of the model development. Simulation modeling process based on validation discussed in this paper is totally based on validation, and it is carried out closely around VV&A from appearance of the first idea to the final application. As a result, people can completely control the whole process of model development. At the same time of improving model accuracy, reliability and credibility, such process could greatly improve the efficiency of model development and effectively reduce the model development period. And this process can be also applied to system-level, complex object.
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Herzog, Bodo. "Does transparency mitigate the political budget cycle?" Journal of Economic Studies 44, n.º 5 (9 de octubre de 2017): 666–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2016-0132.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of transparency on the political budget cycle (PBC) over time and across countries. So far, the literature on electoral cycles finds evidence that cycles depend on the stage of an economy. However, the author shows – for the first time – a reliance of the budget cycle on transparency. The author uses a new data set consisting of 99 developing and 34 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. First, the author develops a model and demonstrates that transparency mitigates the political cycles. Second, the author confirms the proposition through the econometric assessment. The author uses time series data from 1970 to 2014 and discovers smaller cycles in countries with higher transparency, especially G8 countries. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical model and a respective econometric model testing. Findings First, the author shows in the theoretical model that higher transparency mitigates the PBC. Second, the author confirms the theoretical proposition through the econometric model. The author confirms that the countries with higher transparency have smaller budget cycles. Or technically, the author cannot reject the null-hypothesis that the budget cycles are different due to transparency. Research limitations/implications As explained in the paper: one issue is the data limitations in respect to the transparency measures. Data for Google are just available since 2004. Data for broadband-subscription are just on annual frequency. But both limitations can be tackled in the future. Hence, the findings are first evidence and a benchmark for future studies. Practical implications First, higher public transparency implies smaller budget cycles. In the end, this enhances the stability of economic and fiscal policy. Second, policy-makers have to consider the impact of higher transparency in respect to future election pledges. In a more transparent world, all voters can easily check the commitment of previous election pledges. Social implications Transparency helps to improve democracy and thus enhances the political credibility because it allows the voters to check the commitment of the elected policy-makers. Originality/value First, the author shows – for the first time – a reliance of the budget cycle on transparency. Second, the author is the first that build a new theoretical model that extends the existing literature in respect to transparency and the size of the budget cycle. Third, the author uses for the first time – in this literature – new internet-based data such as broadband-subscription and Google search data. Fourth, the author empirically proves the new hypothesis based on the new data sources.
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Kimball, Spencer. "2016 Presidential Statewide Polling—A Substandard Performance: A Proposal and Application for Evaluating Preelection Poll Accuracy". American Behavioral Scientist 63, n.º 7 (12 de octubre de 2017): 768–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217735622.
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This study implements a statistical accuracy ( SA) measurement for assessing preelection poll accuracy by comparing Mosteller (1949) Method 5 (absolute difference between poll results and election results) with the poll’s margin of error (MOE) or credibility interval. The expectation is that 95% of poll results would be SA by falling between the poll’s margin of error or credibility interval and the actual margin of victory. The new measurement is described and then applied to the statewide preelection polls from the 2012 Presidential ( n = 331) and 2016 Presidential ( n = 539) races using n = 182 polling organizations in the last 21 days of each election cycle. This analysis finds statewide preelection polling in 2012 had a 94% SA and was not statistically different from the expected 95%, while the statewide polling in 2016 had a 77% SA and a binomial test found the distribution differs significantly from the expected 95%. There is a significant difference in SA between the two election cycles, χ2(1, N = 870) = 45.24, p < .000. The 2012 biased polls favored the Republican candidate 68% of the time; however, a binomial test found this distribution did not differ significantly from the expected 50/50 distribution, .50, p = .167 (two-tailed), suggesting this was caused by random error. In 2016, biased polls favored the Democratic candidate 90% of the time, a binomial test indicated that the proportion was higher than the expected .50, p < .000 (two- tailed), suggesting a systemic bias.
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Morveli Espinoza, Mariela. "Calculating the Strength of Rhetorical Arguments in Persuasive Negotiation Dialogues". Inteligencia Artificial 24, n.º 67 (20 de febrero de 2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol24iss67pp36-39.
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Rhetorical arguments are used in negotiation dialogues when a proponent agent tries to persuade his opponent to accept a proposal more readily. When more than one argument is generated, the proponent must compare them in order to select the most adequate for his interests. A way of comparing them is by means of their strength values. Related work propose a calculation based only on the components of the rhetorical arguments, i.e., the importance of the opponent's goal and the certainty level of the beliefs that make up the argument. This work aims to propose a model for the calculation of the strength of rhetorical arguments, which is inspired on the pre-conditions of credibility and preferability stated by Guerini and Castelfranchi. Thus, we suggest the use of two new criteria to the strength calculation: the credibility of the proponent and the status of the opponent's goal in the goal processing cycle. The model is empirically evaluated and the results demonstrate that the proposed model is more efficient than previous works in terms of number of exchanged arguments and number of reached agreements.
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Gilchrist, Alan y Tuba Tuna Günden. "Information Architecture". Bilgi Dünyası 5, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2004): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15612/bd.2004.489.
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Information architecture is a phrase that has been around for some time, but usually in the context of information technology. However, it has recently gained credibility in the softer area of information systems design, particularly with regard to the “findability” of unstructured, mainly textual, information, This paper reviews what is meant by the phrase, and emphasises the interdisciplinary nature of the approach which should address different layers of modelling and design, from the technology platform to the user interface, as well as cover the whole information life cycle from generation to delivery and use.
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Schamis, Hector E. y Christopher R. Way. "Political Cycles and Exchange Rate-Based Stabilization". World Politics 56, n.º 1 (octubre de 2003): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0007.
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Fixed exchange rates implemented to increase credibility and attract foreign investment, or as an alternative approach to stabilization in high inflation economies, have been shown to be successful in expanding economic activity and correcting inflation in the short term but often lead to undesirable outcomes in the medium to long term. Although there is a wealth of literature documenting the boom-bust cycles associated with the adoption of a nominal anchor, no adequate explanation has been proffered as to governments repeatedly choosing policies that are self-defeating. The authors address this question with a political economy explanation based on the notion of a self-interested government for which short-term stabilization is attractive in the face of incentives posed by the electoral cycle. If the election coincides with the boom phase of an exchange rate—based stabilization, incumbent governments increase the likelihood of gaining reelection, and the bust phase will develop, if at all, only after the contest. The authors thus suggest a modified version of the traditional political business cycle. From the standpoint of a self-interested office-seeking government, exchange rate—based stabilizations can make good political sense. Empirical results based on an analysis of eighteen Latin American countries from 1970 to 1999 support the insights of the argument: movements towards a more fixed exchange rate are greater than three times more likely in a preelection period than in other stages of the electoral cycle.
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Alvi, Muhammad Umer. "ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS AND ISSUE OF CREDIBILITY IN FACEBOOK ADVERTISING OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS". Journal of Marketing Strategies 1, n.º 1 (24 de julio de 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52633/jms.v1i1.1.
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One of the reasons affecting the perception of consumers and their attitude towards buying the product is the credibility of Facebook Advertisement and the Counterfeit Product. In this modern age where consumers are well aware of the products. They research thoroughly about the product before proceeding towards the last stage of the buying cycle. Social Media Platforms have made our lives easier. Everything we want to know is at our fingertips. However, research studies on SNS's and how they are perceived by their users are relatively limited especially how online factors influence users' perceptions and attitudes towards advertising of Counterfeit products on SNS's. This paper aims to examine the online factors that influence consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards advertising counterfeit products on Facebook. A total of 30 respondents participated in our research paper. The results suggest that there are five online factors that significantly influence consumers’ attitudes toward advertising on Facebook. The factors are Credibility, Entertainment, Perceived Interactivity, Privacy and Ad Avoidance. The results of this study revealed that the independent variables have a significant effect and positive influence on the dependent variable. All hypotheses were accepted. The study helps in understanding the consumer attitude towards the Facebook advertisement of counterfeit products.
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Zhang, Lin, Ying Liu, Yuanjun Laili y Weicun Zhang. "Model maturity towards modeling and simulation: Concepts, index system framework and evaluation method". International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 11, n.º 03 (junio de 2020): 2040001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962320400012.
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Simulation has become an essential way and sometimes the only way to study complex systems (e.g., system of systems, SoS). Simulation is the model-based activity. How to build a high-quality model is the first consideration in simulation. Fidelity and credibility are the two mostly used metrics to evaluate the quality of a model. However, the definitions and evaluation methods of fidelity and credibility vary from one research to another and it’s hard to evaluate the metrics precisely. More importantly, the evolution process of a model in use cannot be directly reflected by the two metrics. Therefore, this paper introduces the model maturity to track the status of a model during its life cycle, especially in the use and management phases, which will be an important supplement to the quality evaluation system of models. The concept of model maturity is given and a framework of index system for model maturity evaluation is established. Then, a hierarchical evaluation method based on qualitative and quantitative analysis (HEQQ) for model maturity is proposed. Finally, a case study is used to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Hill, Spencer A., Yi Ming y Ming Zhao. "Robust Responses of the Sahelian Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming". Journal of Climate 31, n.º 24 (diciembre de 2018): 9793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0238.1.
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How the globally uniform component of sea surface temperature (SST) warming influences rainfall in the African Sahel remains insufficiently studied, despite mean SST warming being among the most robustly simulated and theoretically grounded features of anthropogenic climate change. A prior study using the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2.1 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) demonstrated that uniform SST warming strengthens the prevailing northerly advection of dry Saharan air into the Sahel. The present study uses uniform SST warming simulations performed with 7 GFDL and 10 CMIP5 AGCMs to assess the robustness of this drying mechanism across models and uses observations to assess the physical credibility of the severe drying response in AM2.1. In all 17 AGCMs, mean SST warming enhances the free-tropospheric meridional moisture gradient spanning the Sahel and with it the Saharan dry-air advection. Energetically, this is partially balanced by anomalous subsidence, yielding decreased precipitation in 14 of the 17 models. Anomalous subsidence and precipitation are tightly linked across the GFDL models but not the CMIP5 models, precluding the use of this relationship as the start of a causal chain ending in an emergent observational constraint. For AM2.1, cloud–rainfall covariances generate radiative feedbacks on drying through the subsidence mechanism and through surface hydrology that are excessive compared to observations at the interannual time scale. These feedbacks also act in the equilibrium response to uniform warming, calling into question the Sahel’s severe drying response to warming in all coupled models using AM2.1.
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Wang, Bo, Jianhua Zhang, Haifeng Guo, Yuwang Zhang y Xiaotuo Qiao. "Model Study of Information Dissemination in Microblog Community Networks". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8393016.
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We build an information dissemination model based on SIR model to study information dissemination in microblog networks. We consider different influence factors of information dissemination such as activity, credibility, and weight of network and construct calculation methods of various parameters, for instance, direct immune rate, indirect immune rate, and information dissemination rate. Meanwhile, by collecting data from API in Weibo and using the result of microblog information dissemination life cycle analysis, we utilize the model to conduct simulation and get the change trend of proportion in Stages S, I, and R. After comparing with the actual situation, this model is proved to be effective in predicting the trend of information dissemination.
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Bachri, Mila Alim. "DISCLOSURE OF CASH RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE OF BAITUL MAAL HIDAYATULLAH D.I YOGYAKARTA REPRESENTATIVE AS A GRASS ROOT ENTITY FOR THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF PESANTREN IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA". JURNAL EKONOMI DAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH 8, n.º 2 (7 de febrero de 2021): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v8i2.187.
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Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Yogyakarta is considered a grass-root entity that has an obligation to provide stimulus during the pandemic and improve the welfare of its members during the Covid-19 pandemic. The financial reports in order to increase credibility and its role must be maximized. The research will have the aim of knowing the application of the internal control system in the cash receipt and cash disbursement cycle and identifying the weaknesses and strengths that have been implemented. This study used a descriptive research method using a factual approach and also journals as literature and conducting observations and analysis at the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Yogyakarta and conducted a qualitative study. The results of the study measured 5 aspects of the application of internal control in the cycle of cash receipts and disbursements according to COSO at the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Yogyakarta, namely 1) control environment, 2) risk assessment, 3) control activities, 4) information and communication and 5) monitoring. From these results, it is concluded that the implementation of the internal control system in the cash receipt and cash disbursement cycle of the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Yogyakarta Mosque has been going well, in line with the identified strengths and weaknesses. Weakness points such as managing using basic applications can potentially be developed further.
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Hay, Colin. "Credibility, competitiveness and the business cycle in ‘third way’ political economy: a critical evaluation of economic policy in Britain since 1997". New Political Economy 9, n.º 1 (marzo de 2004): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1356346042000190376.
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Rababah, Luqman y Ala’Eddin Abdullah Ahmed Banikalef. "The Use of Valuing Strategies into Enhancing Creativity in EFL Writing". Education and Linguistics Research 5, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v5i1.14507.
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The present study aimed at finding out the valuing strategies used by EFL teachers to enhance student’s creativity in writing. The present study made use of a qualitative approach to obtain data from the Discovery School students in Amman, Jordan and to determine the answers to the research questions. This study was carried out in the one hundred branches of Discovery Schools (DSs) located in Amman, Jordan for the Academic year 2018/2019. Using a convenience sample, ten EFL teachers were chosen as a sampling for the current study. The present study conducted interviews with EFL teachers and observed them. The participants were selected from the first secondary cycle as the cycle holds significance. To check the trustworthiness and credibility of qualitative data, the researcher utilized two strategies, triangulation and member check. The interview data analysis showed that eight teachers believed that using the strategy was important. On a negative note, the results from the observation showed that only three teachers actually employed this strategy among their teaching techniques. Further research is recommended on the same topic in different settings.
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Pečiūra, Vilmantas. "AUDIT OF ACQUISITION CYCLE IN CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES/ĮSIGIJIMO CIKLO AUDITAS STATYBINĖSE ĮMONĖSE". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 4, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 1998): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1998.10531422.
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Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between the assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users. The purpose of auditing is to add credibility to financial statements by providing independent, objective and proffessional opinion on audited financial statements. One effective way to perform an audit is to classify transactions into “cycles” of related activities. An acquisition cycle is important for construction enterprises. The main activities of the acquisition cycle is: 1) purchase requisition, 2) authorized acquisition of materials, 3) receive of materials, 4) transaction recording in accounting, 5) bill payment authorization, 6) cash disbursement. Auditors should test financial statements assertions—existence, completeness, rights and obligations, valuation, and presentation and disclosure—embodied in the acquisition cycle. Auditors should evaluate the control risk of the acquisition cycle. If the control risk is low, the number of substantive audit procedures can be reduced. Some construction enterprises centralises acquisition function in a separate department. Centralisation is helpful in the following way: Purchasing effectiveness is increased. The department managers opportunity to favour certain suppliers is eliminated. The segregation of acquisition, custody and accounting functions diminishes fraud possibilities. The control function is centralised in one department. Information about control structure could be obtained by the questionnaire or by reperformance of control procedures. Substantive audit tests could be classified into two categories: analitycal tests and detail test of account balances and transaction classes. When considering assertions and obtaining evidence about accounts payable and other liabilities, auditors must put emphasis on the completeness and obligations assertions. The enterprises typically are less concerned about timely recording of expenses and liabilities than they are about timely recording of revenues and assets. This would work in opposite way if the main purpose of the enterprise is to hide taxes. Search for unrecorded liabilities is expanded into other fields of auditing—they could be discovered auditing other cycles. Auditor tests receiving reports, supplier's invoices, cash disbursements maid after year end, scans various documents for exceptional amounts. Mistakes should be pointed out in the working papers. Confirmations could also be used for the completeness assertion auditing. Vouching procedure is widely used for evaluation assertion. Liabilities account balances are checked with supporting documentation. Auditors should test proper presentation and disclosure of liabilities. Auditors are mainly concerned that accounts payable contain only amounts associated with the acquisition of materials.
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Hu, Wei, Kai Zeng, Xiao Cong He, Gang Wei Cui, Sheng Wan Yuan y En Liu. "The Application of Performance Degradation Analysis in Machine Tool Spindle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (enero de 2015): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.585.
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As a key part feature of the machine, machine tool spindle has the characteristics of high reliability and high precision. The traditional test methods used to short the test cycle and analyze failure life of small sample data are inappropriate. Firstly, the reliability testing system of machine tool spindle was expounded; then, research status and the statistical analysis method of the performance degradation analysis used in the reliability test of machine tool spindle system were expounded. The influence to the credibility of the reliability test for machine tool spindle was put forward and analyzed: stress selection, feature selection, failure threshold selection and small sample analysis. Accelerated degradation test was given for further research in the reliability test for machine tool spindle.
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Challoumis, Constantinos. "Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia". Economics and Culture 17, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0015.
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AbstractResearch purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is.Design/Methodology/Approach. The methodology followed in this work is based on the mathematical application of the theory of the cycle of money. Then, the current results have as root the equations of this theory for the examination of the case of Latvia for the period from 2012 to 2017. Beyond the mathematical applications, the R.B.Q. model with the Q.E. method is applied to ensure the credibility of the results. Therefore, we have a real case scenario and a simulation case for the case of Latvia.Findings. The results of the index of the cycle of money to the case of Latvia are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results show, as expected, that Latvia is above the average global value. Latvia’s findings show that it is a well-structured economy and can counteract an economic crisis.Originality/Value/Practical implications. The results are original and show for the first time the cycle of money of Latvia through the application of this theory. This research is the first application of the cycle of money in the case of index calculations. So, it is a completely new concept based on the theory of the cycle of money.
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Challoumis, Constantinos. "Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia". Economics and Culture 17, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0015.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Research purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is. Design/Methodology/Approach. The methodology followed in this work is based on the mathematical application of the theory of the cycle of money. Then, the current results have as root the equations of this theory for the examination of the case of Latvia for the period from 2012 to 2017. Beyond the mathematical applications, the R.B.Q. model with the Q.E. method is applied to ensure the credibility of the results. Therefore, we have a real case scenario and a simulation case for the case of Latvia. Findings. The results of the index of the cycle of money to the case of Latvia are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results show, as expected, that Latvia is above the average global value. Latvia’s findings show that it is a well-structured economy and can counteract an economic crisis. Originality/Value/Practical implications. The results are original and show for the first time the cycle of money of Latvia through the application of this theory. This research is the first application of the cycle of money in the case of index calculations. So, it is a completely new concept based on the theory of the cycle of money.
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Supriyadi, Miftah Wangsadanureja, Nuruddin y Aceng Rahmat. "RECIPROCAL METHOD TO IMPROVE COGNITIVE SKILL IN READING ARABIC TEXT". IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 6, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.062.14.
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The purpose of this study is to improve reading skills in the cognitive aspects of Arabic. This study was conducted classroom action research with reciprocal method in reading learning. There are four steps in reciprocal method, including: 1) Predicting, 2) Clarifying, 3) Questioning, 4) Summarizing. The process of collecting data were observations, questionnairs, field notes and tests. To determine the level of reliability of the test, the reliability test was performed using the Kuder Richardson formula (KR-20). After the validation and reliability tests were carried out, it was stated that the test instruments were very reliable and valid. Qualitative data is validated through data triangulation which includes four ways namely; credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. As a result, students' reading skills in cognitive aspects experienced a significant increase. The average value in the pre-cycle is 55.27 then in the first cycle the average reading skill score rises to 86.02. The average value increases again in the second cycle, which is 91.16. This proves that the right method in learning to read can help students improve reading skills, one of which is cognitive ability. Although the reciprocal method has been considered an old learning method in the MHI Islamic boarding school his method is a new learning method, so it can inspire language teaching methods in other traditional schools.
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Liu, Changbo, Zhendong Qian, Yang Liao y Haisheng Ren. "A Comprehensive Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Approach Developed for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Schemes". Coatings 11, n.º 5 (12 de mayo de 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050565.
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This study aims to evaluate the economy of a steel bridge deck pavement scheme (SBDPS) using a comprehensive life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis approach. The SBDPS are divided into the “epoxy asphalt concrete system” (EA system) and “Gussasphalt concrete system” (GA system) according to the difference in the material in the lower layer of the SBDPS. A targeted LCC checklist, including manager cost and user cost was proposed, and a Markov-based approach was applied to establish a life-cycle performance model with clear probability characteristics for SBDPS. Representative traffic conditions were designed using a uniform design method, and the LCC of SBDPS under representative traffic conditions and different credibility (construction quality as a random factor) was compared. The reliability of the LCC analysis approach was verified based on the uncertainty analysis method. Based on an expert-scoring approach, a user cost weight was obtained to ensure it is considered reasonably in the LCC analysis. Compared with the cumulative traffic volume, the cumulative equivalent single axle loads (CESAL) have a closer relationship with the LCC. The GA system has better LCC when the CESAL is less, while the EA system is just the opposite. The breaking point of CESAL for the LCC of the EA system and the GA system is 15 million times. The LCC analysis of SBDPS should consider the influence of random factors such as construction quality. The comprehensive LCC analysis approach in this paper can provide suggestions for bridge-management departments to make a reasonable selection on SBDPS.
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Akinremi, O. O., S. M. McGinn y A. G. Barr. "Simulation of soil moisture and other components of the hydrological cycle using a water budget approach". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 1996): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-020.
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Accurate simulation of soil moisture content at any time of the year is important to agriculture in dry regions due to the vital role soil moisture plays in crop production. In certain applications such as drought monitoring, other components of the hydrologic cycle such as runoff, snowmelt runoff, deep drainage and evaporative loss must also be accurately estimated. The goal of this study was to develop a model which accurately accounts for the major components of the hydrological cycle in order to simulate soil moisture content for drought monitoring and crop yield prediction. The versatile soil moisture budget (VSMB) was evaluated and modified to improve the prediction of soil moisture content runoff from rainfall and snowmelt, drainage of moisture out of the root zone and soil surface temperature. The modified components of the model were independently tested and validated using field and published data. The soil moisture output from our modified model correlated well with observed changes in soil moisture during the growing season under wheat, fallow and over the winter. The moisture content of the surface layer was simulated with greater accuracy than that of deeper layers. The soil moisture simulated by the modified model compares better with measured values than that simulated using the original version of the VSMB. The simulation of snow dynamics at Lethbridge, a chinook-dominated region, gave credibility to the snowmelt runoff predicted by the model. Key words: Soil moisture, modelling, runoff, evapotranspiration, snowmelt, Canadian prairies
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Strahan, S. E., B. N. Duncan y P. Hoor. "Observationally derived transport diagnostics for the lowermost stratosphere and their application to the GMI chemistry and transport model". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2007): 1449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-1449-2007.
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Abstract. Transport from the surface to the lowermost stratosphere can occur on timescales of a few months or less, making it possible for short-lived tropospheric pollutants to influence stratospheric composition and chemistry. Models used to study this influence must demonstrate the credibility of their chemistry and transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Data sets from satellite and aircraft instruments measuring CO, O3, N2O, and CO2 in the UT/LS are used to create a suite of diagnostics of the seasonally-varying transport into and within the lowermost stratosphere, and of the coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere in the extratropics. The diagnostics are used to evaluate a version of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Chemistry and Transport Model that uses a combined tropospheric and stratospheric chemical mechanism and meteorological fields from the GEOS-4 general circulation model. The diagnostics derived from N2O and O3 show that the model lowermost stratosphere (LMS) has realistic input from the overlying high latitude stratosphere in all seasons. Diagnostics for the LMS show two distinct layers. The upper layer (~350 K–380 K) has a strong annual cycle in its composition, while the lower layer, just above the tropopause, shows no seasonal variation in the degree of tropospheric coupling or composition. The GMI CTM agrees closely with the observations in both layers and is realistically coupled to the UT in all seasons. This study demonstrates the credibility of the GMI CTM for the study of the impact of tropospheric emissions on the stratosphere.
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Volonté, Paolo. "The social context of scientific knowledge production and the problem of demarcation". Pragmatics and Cognition 14, n.º 3 (11 de diciembre de 2006): 527–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.14.3.05vol.
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In this paper, I wish to face the old problem of demarcation from a new point of view. I aim at pointing out that there are distinction criteria between scientific and non-scientific knowledge. I intend to investigate whether it is possible to define demarcation criteria by studying the social dimension of science. There are social necessities, which force the scientific production of knowledge to distinguish itself from non-scientific production. Science is not what scientists freely decide it should be, but what they are compelled to acknowledge it is. The paper discusses the nature of this constraint, which has a social origin but is also capable to be reflected on the cognitive contents of science. Through a discussion of the theories of Bruno Latour and Pierre Bourdieu, attention is drawn on the cycle of credibility as the crucial social mechanism determining scientific knowledge.
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Zhao, Tao, Fangyu Li y Kurt J. Marfurt. "Constraining self-organizing map facies analysis with stratigraphy: An approach to increase the credibility in automatic seismic facies classification". Interpretation 5, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2017): T163—T171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0132.1.
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Pattern recognition-based seismic facies analysis techniques are commonly used in modern quantitative seismic interpretation. However, interpreters often treat techniques such as artificial neural networks and self-organizing maps (SOMs) as a “black box” that somehow correlates a suite of attributes to a desired geomorphological or geomechanical facies. Even when the statistical correlations are good, the inability to explain such correlations through principles of geology or physics results in suspicion of the results. The most common multiattribute facies analysis begins by correlating a suite of candidate attributes to a desired output, keeping those that correlate best for subsequent analysis. The analysis then takes place in attribute space rather than ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) space, removing spatial trends often observed by interpreters. We add a stratigraphy layering component to a SOM model that attempts to preserve the intersample relation along the vertical axis. Specifically, we use a mode decomposition algorithm to capture the sedimentary cycle pattern as an “attribute.” If we correlate this attribute to the training data, it will favor SOM facies maps that follow stratigraphy. We apply this workflow to a Barnett Shale data set and find that the constrained SOM facies map shows layers that are easily overlooked on traditional unconstrained SOM facies map.
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Song, Jung-Hun, Younggu Her, Soonho Hwang y Moon-Seong Kang. "Uncertainty in Irrigation Return Flow Estimation: Comparing Conceptual and Physically-Based Parameterization Approaches". Water 12, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041125.
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Irrigation return flow (RF) is a critical component of the water cycle in an agricultural watershed, influencing the flow regime of downstream river. As such, it should be accurately quantified when developing water resources management plans and practices. Although many studies have proposed ways to quantify RF, uncertainty in RF estimates has not been determined to improve reliability and credibility. This study examines how conceptual (CON) and physically-based (PHY) parameterization approaches affect RF uncertainty. Results showed that PHY had a smaller amount of RF uncertainty compared to CON, as parameters of the PHY approach could be regulated based on their physical meanings. This study also found that the application of constraints created based on the relationship between the conceptual parameter and physical characteristics of irrigated plots could effectively reduce RF uncertainty made using the CON approach. This study demonstrates the benefits of the physically-based parameterization approach and the application of constraints on conceptual parameters to RF estimation.
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Hong, Jing Lan y Xiang Zhi Li. "Environmental and Uncertainty Assessment: Hazardous Industry Waste as Aggregate in Cement Production". Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (noviembre de 2010): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.373.
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A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental impact of industry waste as aggregate in cement production. To confirm and add credibility to the study, an uncertainty analysis was also carried out. Results showed the impact seen from climate change, human toxicity, marine eutrophication, marine ecotoxicity, and freshwater eutrophication categories had an important contribution to overall environmental impact, due to energy use and direct emissions from clinker and limestone production stages. The most significant substances contribute to the climate change is CO2 to air; for the human toxicity, it is Hg to air and Mn to water; for the marine eutrophication and marine ecotoxicity, it is nitrate and Ni to water, respectively; for the freshwater eutrophication, it is phosphorus to water. Increasing electricity recovery rate, optimizing the raw material consumption for clinker production are highly recommended to reduce the adverse impact on the environment, and therefore reduce the pressure on the environment from dramatically increased hazardous industry waste disposal.
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Maggetti, Martino. "The media accountability of independent regulatory agencies". European Political Science Review 4, n.º 3 (22 de agosto de 2011): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773911000208.
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Independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) are increasingly attracting academic and societal attention, as they represent the institutional cornerstone of the regulatory state and play a key role in policy-making. Besides the expected benefits in terms of credibility and efficiency, these regulators are said to bring about a ‘democratic deficit’, following their statutory separation from democratic institutions. Consequently, a ‘multi-pronged system of control’ is required. This article focuses on a specific component of this system, that is, the media. The goal is to determine whether media coverage of IRAs meets the necessary prerequisites to be considered a potential ‘accountability forum’ for regulators. The results of a comparison of two contrasted cases – the British and Swiss competition commissions – mostly support the expectations, because they show that media coverage of IRAs corresponds to that of the most relevant policy issues and follows the regulatory cycle. Furthermore, a systematic bias in media coverage can be excluded.
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Sun, Rui, Xueqin Zhang, Yang Sun, Du Zheng y Klaus Fraedrich. "SWAT-Based Streamflow Estimation and Its Responses to Climate Change in the Kadongjia River Watershed, Southern Tibet". Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 2013): 1571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0159.1.
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Abstract Runoff estimation and its response to climate change in ungauged or poorly gauged basins based on hydrological models are frontier research issues of the hydrological cycle. For the Kadongjia River watershed (KRW), a poorly gauged watershed located in southern Tibet, China, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was adapted to model streamflow and its responses to climate change. The average annual streamflow was simulated to be roughly 124.6 mm with relatively small interannual variation during 1974–2010. The seasonal distribution of streamflow was uneven with a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. Snowmelt, which was mainly produced in April–May, accounted for 4.0% of annual streamflow. Correlations and regression analysis between the interannual variations of major climatic and hydrological variables indicated that precipitation (temperature) had positive (negative) influence on the annual streamflow variation. For the interannual streamflow variations, warmer temperature was slightly more important than the variation of winter precipitation. Comparing streamflow changes in the current years (1980–99) with the future (2030–49), streamflow variations were more sensitive to changing climate in winter and spring than in the other two seasons. Model improvement is expected to enhance the simulation efficiency of SWAT and the analyses of hydrological responses to climatic change in KRW, thus supporting the model's credibility for hydrological cycle research in alpine regions.
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Strahan, S. E., B. N. Duncan y P. Hoor. "Observationally derived transport diagnostics for the lowermost stratosphere and their application to the GMI chemistry and transport model". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, n.º 9 (11 de mayo de 2007): 2435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2435-2007.
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Abstract. Transport from the surface to the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) can occur on timescales of a few months or less, making it possible for short-lived tropospheric pollutants to influence stratospheric composition and chemistry. Models used to study this influence must demonstrate the credibility of their chemistry and transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Data sets from satellite and aircraft instruments measuring CO, O3, N2O, and CO2 in the UT/LS are used to create a suite of diagnostics for the seasonally-varying transport into and within the lowermost stratosphere, and of the coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere in the extratropics. The diagnostics are used to evaluate a version of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) that uses a combined tropospheric and stratospheric chemical mechanism and meteorological fields from the GEOS-4 general circulation model. The diagnostics derived from N2O and O3 show that the model lowermost stratosphere has realistic input from the overlying high latitude stratosphere in all seasons. Diagnostics for the LMS show two distinct layers. The upper layer begins ~30 K potential temperature above the tropopause and has a strong annual cycle in its composition. The lower layer is a mixed region ~30 K thick near the tropopause that shows no clear seasonal variation in the degree of tropospheric coupling. Diagnostics applied to the GMI CTM show credible seasonally-varying transport in the LMS and a tropopause layer that is realistically coupled to the UT in all seasons. The vertical resolution of the GMI CTM in the UT/LS, ~1 km, is sufficient to realistically represent the extratropical tropopause layer. This study demonstrates that the GMI CTM has the transport credibility required to study the impact of tropospheric emissions on the stratosphere.
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Bahri, Saiful y Emi Tipuk Lestari. "IMPLEMENTASI NILAI PEDULI SOSIAL MELALUI TRADISI TER-ATER MASYARAKAT SUKU MADURA PADA PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DI MTS AL IKLAS KUALA MANDOR B". Refleksi Edukatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 10, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/re.v10i2.4514.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze a) the tradition of the terrestrial Madurese community, b) the planning of the development of the value of social care through the terrestrial tradition in learning social studies. 3) Implementation of the development of the value of social care through the tradition of tererer in learning social science.This type of research is a Mixed Method with exploratory type (form) in the form of ethnographic research and classroom action research. Retrieval of data using observations, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is done by confirming the results of observations, interviews, documentation. Data credibility testing is done by extending observations, increasing persistence, triangulation of data, member checks, and references. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles Huberman.The results showed that 1) Ter -ater means sharing fortune with relatives, neighbors, teachers and people who are considered worthy of delivery. 2) Planning the development of social care values through the Terterer tradition in social studies learning is carried out with the KD analysis in accordance with the tererier tradition is KD3.2. and KD.3.3. 3) The implementation of the development of the value of social care through this terrestrial tradition is carried out by using two-cycle class action research. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the first cycle was held four times. In cycle 1 it was found that the teacher had not been able to reach the activities of all students in the class and the learning activities were still very much dominated by the teacher. In the implementation of cycle 2 using the value approach and the learning approach to do this can increase the value of student care through the tererated tradition. The enthusiasm of students can be seen well when assigned to be involved in the activities of tererer in their environment, and students can focus their attention on the material presented
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Park, Kunwoong, Byoung-Cheol Lee y Hyun-Ho Lim. "Mutation of external glutamate residue reveals a new intermediate transport state and anion binding site in a CLC Cl−/H+ antiporter". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 35 (13 de agosto de 2019): 17345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901822116.
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The CLC family of proteins are involved in a variety of physiological processes to control cellular chloride concentration. Two distinct classes of CLC proteins, Cl− channels and Cl−/H+ antiporters, have been functionally and structurally investigated over the last several decades. Previous studies have suggested that the conformational heterogeneity of the critical glutamate residue, Gluex, could explain the transport cycle of CLC-type Cl−/H+ antiporters. However, the presence of multiple conformations (Up, Middle, and Down) of the Gluex has been suggested from combined structural snapshots of 2 different CLC antiporters: CLC-ec1 from Escherichia coli and cmCLC from a thermophilic red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Thus, we aimed to investigate further the heterogeneity of Gluex-conformations in CLC-ec1, the most deeply studied CLC antiporter, at both functional and structural levels. Here, we show that the crystal structures of the Gluex mutant E148D and wild-type CLC-ec1 with varying anion concentrations suggest a structural intermediate, the “Midlow” conformation. We also found that an extra anion can be located above the external Cl−-binding site in the E148D mutant when the anion concentration is high. Moreover, we observed that a carboxylate in solution can occupy either the external or central Cl−-binding site in the ungated E148A mutant using an anomalously detectable short carboxylic acid, bromoacetate. These results lend credibility to the idea that the Gluex can take at least 3 distinct conformational states during the transport cycle of a single CLC antiporter.
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Koldman, S. D. "Mythological roots of medical theories of gender differentiation". Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 13, n.º 2 (4 de julio de 2019): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2019.13.2.174-180.
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Aim: to study the interrelation between the myths and the scientific understanding of sex differentiation of the fetus.Materials and methods. The study is based on the materials published in the XIX – early XX century in Russia; among them, reports by medical professionals, ethnographers, and mystics stored in the Russian State Library, including a number of handwritten texts in the Manuscripts Department.Results. In this review, the method of comparative historical analysis was used to reveal the predominance of the religious and mystical views in the popular understanding of sex differentiation. Among them are ideas about the right and left sides of a woman’s body, about the moral behavior of a man, about the role of the menstrual cycle in the mystical context, about the couple behavior during the intercourse, and more. Methods for predicting the sex of the future child were also reviewed, as well as the signs related to the child sex planning.Conclusion. In the XIX – early XX century Russia, the views and understandings of obstetricians about the fetal sex differentiation were rather irrational and had no academic credibility.
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ASHOUR, Mohammed Lutfı. "TRIANGULATION AS A POWERFUL METHODOLOGICAL RESEARCH TECHNIQUE IN TECHNOLOGY-BASED SERVICES". Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 6, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2018): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.209.
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This research is an attempt to idntfiy triangulation techniques that helps in overcoming constraints facing researchers within service markets based on high technology. Because of the high contact customer-telecommunication services providers (TSP) relationship, its reliability on the advanced rapid technology, and its short life cycle, telecommunication services are classified as a highly complex services market. In addition to the predominant characteristics of service, TSPs` marketing activities are directed at people (not goods), a matter that causes considerable difficulties in conducting research in telecommunication markets and also cusses challenges regarding finding acceptance. Hence, the pluralist perspective of triangulation, gives more attention on matching between various methodological techniques and difficulties in researching in such complicated markets. Moreover, triangulation as a methodological approach provides alternative techniques that may enable overcoming bias, eclecticism or other researching problematic issues. The purpose of this article is to explore the difficulties that pose a threat with respect to the validity and credibility of research output within high-tech services and the appropriate methodological research techniques the researcher can utilize to overcome these obstacles.
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Iwuoha, Victor Chidubem. "ICT and Elections in Nigeria: Rural Dynamics of Biometric Voting Technology Adoption". Africa Spectrum 53, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2018): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300304.
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Applications of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-driven innovations are profound in the electoral cycle. Among them, biometric technology is currently sweeping across developing countries. It is, however, only poorly adopted among rural voters. Does the use of biometric technology in the conduct of elections reconstruct rural voters’ behaviour, amid prevailing social challenges? The links between these realities and their consequences are currently less understood, and lacking in supporting literature. I argue that the public perception of bio-metric technology, the availability of proper infrastructure, and the distance between polling stations and the dwellings of rural voters all affect the latter's level of adoption of biometric technology. These interactions combine to produce specific modalities that shape voting behaviour and general political culture. I elicit primary data from voters in Nigeria's remote villages, so as to predict the implications and consequences of glossing over the dimensions and magnitude of the biometric technology adaptation challenge by policymakers. I conclude by reflecting on how these interplays and interactions create “spatial differentials” in electoral outcomes/credibility, and proffer possible strategies for institutional intervention.
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Omilusi, Mike y Olorunfemi Gbenga. "Voter Participation and Electoral Integrity in Nigeria’s 2019 General Elections". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, n.º 6 (15 de junio de 2021): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.86.10329.
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This paper examines the inclusivity and legitimacy of elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic amidst, concerns continually expressed over the zero-sum nature of Nigerian politics, which manifests in the rising tide of contentious elections. Issues such as logistical failures and delays, misconduct and irregularities, violence, challenges of internal party democracy, corruption and a biased judiciary, have almost become permanent features of electioneering in the country. The paper explores the value mechanisms and processes that can enable an electoral process that guarantees transparency and accountability based on Nigeria’s electoral laws and regional instruments, such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, provides a credible opportunity for broad based participation, enables significant roles for the judiciary, anticorruption bodies, civil society organisations, and political parties as well as provide the strategic tools to ensure the credibility and integrity of each stage of the electoral cycle. The context of the 2019 elections, which recorded the participation of only a third of the 84 million eligible voters, will provide a barometer to measure the overall health of Nigeria’s electoral democracy, drawing extensively from secondary sources.
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Rainville, Anne, Richard Hawkins y Joule Bergerson. "Building consensus in life cycle assessment: the potential for a Canadian product category rules standard to enhance credibility in greenhouse gas emissions estimates for Alberta's oil sands". Journal of Cleaner Production 103 (septiembre de 2015): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.067.
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Rumanova, Valentina S., Monika Okuliarova y Michal Zeman. "Differential Effects of Constant Light and Dim Light at Night on the Circadian Control of Metabolism and Behavior". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 15 (31 de julio de 2020): 5478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155478.
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The disruption of circadian rhythms by environmental conditions can induce alterations in body homeostasis, from behavior to metabolism. The light:dark cycle is the most reliable environmental agent, which entrains circadian rhythms, although its credibility has decreased because of the extensive use of artificial light at night. Light pollution can compromise performance and health, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present review assesses the consequences induced by constant light (LL) in comparison with dim light at night (dLAN) on the circadian control of metabolism and behavior in rodents, since such an approach can identify the key mechanisms of chronodisruption. Data suggest that the effects of LL are more pronounced compared to dLAN and are directly related to the light level and duration of exposure. Dim LAN reduces nocturnal melatonin levels, similarly to LL, but the consequences on the rhythms of corticosterone and behavioral traits are not uniform and an improved quantification of the disrupted rhythms is needed. Metabolism is under strong circadian control and its disruption can lead to various pathologies. Moreover, metabolism is not only an output, but some metabolites and peripheral signal molecules can feedback on the circadian clockwork and either stabilize or amplify its desynchronization.