Artículos de revistas: "Daridih Watershed Project (India)"

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Kerr, John. "Watershed Project Performance in India: Conservation, Productivity, and Equity". American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83, n.º 5 (diciembre de 2001): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00271.

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Sen, Sucharita. "Revisiting the Participatory Model of Development: Institutional Survival in Watershed Programmes in Four Indian States". Social Change 46, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2016): 526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x16666597.

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The watershed development programmes have been hailed as an important agent for overall rural development in India by enhancing livelihoods through natural resource management. The tenure for these government-funded projects end after five years but the benefits of the project are expected to be taken forward beyond the project duration through the active participation of the community-based organisations. This study aims to address the relatively untouched area of post-project management of watershed programmes, and draws experience from a primary survey covering 201 watershed projects in four major states of India, 3 to 5 years after the completion of the project period. Through the lens of institutional survival after the withdrawal of government funding, this paper follows the debate around the community-based institutions created for the purpose of project ideally meant to promote development through a ‘neat’ bureaucratic design that seeks to remove ‘political’ interference referred widely to as ‘anti-politics machines’ in the academic discourse. In reality, they leave out large sections of the community in terms of their representation. This paper questions the institution-building process and its outcome, particularly with respect to survival of the core watershed institution, that is, the Watershed Committee.

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3

Anantha, K. H. y Suhas P. Wani. "Evaluation of cropping activities in the Adarsha watershed project, southern India". Food Security 8, n.º 5 (20 de septiembre de 2016): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0613-7.

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Kakade, Bharat K. y Sneha A. Shinde. "Sustainability Assessment of Randullabad Watershed in Satara District of Maharashtra State, India". Journal of Sustainable Development 12, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n3p103.

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Sustainability of watersheds being a major issue in India Kakade, 2017 proposed a new comprehensive framework and methodology for sustainability assessment of watersheds, which would also help design sustainable watershed projects. This new methodology was validated undertaking in-depth critical assessment of an integrated watershed development project implemented by Randullabad village Grampanchayat (Note 1) under the facilitation of BAIF (Note 2). Project of 836 ha area and 394 households was implemented during 2008 to 2013. The assessment was carried out to find out sustainability of social, economic and ecological domains at the baseline (2008), at project completion (2013) and five years after completion (2017-18). The indicators used in the framework and methodology by Kakade, 2017 was validated and the final framework emerged through the study has been presented in the paper. Rising trends of sustainability scores in all three domains were observed from inception to completion of project and also five years after completion. Key contributing factors for sustainability include the project design, community empowerment, post-project maintenance, governance and role of facilitating organizations.

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5

Singh, A. K., T. I. Eldho y D. Prinz. "Integrated watershed approach for combating drought in a semi-arid region of India: the case of Jhabua watershed". Water Science and Technology 46, n.º 6-7 (1 de septiembre de 2002): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0666.

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The integrated watershed management approach for the semi-arid regions of India is considered to be very important due to the inadequate availability of water resources. The drought experienced in recent years has brought on an environmental and socio-economic crisis in these regions. The role of the watershed management has been crucial and development of alternative water resources has been critically important. To overcome the isolated sectoral development planning and implementation, as was done in many of the previous land based programs in India, an integrated concept of watershed development through participatory planning and actions has been followed for combating drought in Jhabua watershed in Madhya Pradesh state, India. This research paper will look into the successful watershed management experience of our on-going research project, and appropriate watershed strategies for the Jhabua watershed.

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Ninan, K. N. y S. Lakshmikanthamma. "Social Cost-benefit Analysis of a Watershed Development Project in Karnataka, India". AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 30, n.º 3 (mayo de 2001): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-30.3.157.

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7

Silori, C. S., Megha Shukla, C. K. Jalajakshi y Mary Abraham. "Social cost–benefit analysis of Karnataka Watershed Development (KAWAD) project, Karnataka, India". International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 15, n.º 2 (abril de 2008): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500809469781.

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8

Pal, P. K., Bablu Ganguly, Deepa Roy, Anamika Guha, Amita Hanglem y Sabita Mondal. "Social and biophysical impacts of watershed development programmes: experiences from a micro-watershed area in India". Water Policy 19, n.º 4 (14 de marzo de 2017): 773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.189.

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Rainwater conservation and soil erosion prevention are vital for the economic and financial sustainability of dry land agriculture. An integrated watershed development programme is thus a means of achieving these goals. Presently, integrated watershed management is receiving worldwide recognition as an effective model for watershed planning. A watershed is considered the basic geographical unit for developing any plan by integrating various social, economic, and policy factors with modern science. Hence, it is an approach to develop the basic resources for sustainable life support. The present study was conducted to assess the impacts of the watershed development programme on the social and biophysical aspects in a micro-watershed area of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India. This study confirmed that the project had positive effects that strengthened the socio-personal and economic characteristics of the farmers and improved the biophysical environment of the farms. The soil and water conservation efforts have increased the total cultivable area as well as improved the irrigation and drainage facilities in the micro-watershed units, thereby increasing the acreage and productivity of crops.

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9

Routray, Sailen. "Local Appropriations of Developmental Imperatives: Notes from a Watershed Project in Odisha, Eastern India". European Journal of Development Research 27, n.º 5 (18 de septiembre de 2014): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2014.51.

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10

Pradyumna, Adithya, Andrea Farnham, Jürg Utzinger y Mirko S. Winkler. "Health impact assessment of a watershed development project in southern India: a case study". Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 39, n.º 2 (29 de enero de 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2020.1863119.

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11

Pradyumna, Adithya, Arima Mishra, Jürg Utzinger y Mirko S. Winkler. "Perceived Health Impacts of Watershed Development Projects in Southern India: A Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 2020): 3448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103448.

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Watershed development (WSD) projects—planned for over 100 million ha in semi-arid areas of India—should enhance soil and water conservation, agricultural productivity and local livelihood, and contribute to better nutrition and health. Yet, little is known about the health impacts of WSD projects, especially on nutrition, vector breeding, water quality and the distribution of impacts. We conducted a qualitative study to deepen the understanding on perceived health impacts of completed WSD projects in four villages of Kolar district, India. Field data collection comprised: (i) focus group discussions with local women (n = 2); (ii) interviews (n = 40; purposive sampling) with farmers and labourers, project employees and health workers; and (iii) transect walks. Our main findings were impacts perceived on nutrition (e.g., food security through better crop survival, higher milk consumption from livestock, alongside increased pesticide exposure with expanded agriculture), potential for mosquito larval breeding (e.g., more breeding sites) and through opportunistic activities (e.g., reduced mental stress due to improved water access). Impacts perceived varied between participant categories (e.g., better nutrition in woman-headed households from livelihood support). Some of these findings, e.g., potential negative health implications, have previously not been reported. Our observations informed a health impact assessment of a planned WSD project, and may encourage implementing agencies to incorporate health considerations to enhance positive and mitigate negative health impacts in future WSD projects.

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12

Ahluwalia, Meenakshi. "Representing Communities: The Case of a Community-Based Watershed Management Project in Rajas than, India". IDS Bulletin 28, n.º 4 (octubre de 1997): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1997.mp28004004.x.

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13

James, A. J., V. K. Pangtey, Pratibha Singh y Keith Virgo. "Bringing people's perceptions to project management desktops: a quantified participatory assessment of the Doon Valley Watershed Project in North India". Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 20, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2002): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154602781766663.

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14

Singh, Sarika. "Comparative Study of Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Programme in India". Journal of Global Economy 6, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2010): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i2.54.

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Of all the earthâ€™s resources, none is more fundamental to life than the water. Naturally it forms one of the significant components of all class conflict not only in developed countries but is more preponderant in third world countries. India is not an exception to this situation. At present though the contribution of primary sector (agriculture) is low in GDP in Indian economy, still agriculture remains the main source to absorb massive portion of unskilled labour force. Less then 2 % agriculture is irrigated by canal or well irrigation mainly due to non-availability of adequate water resources. To bring more land under irrigation government has launched prestigious programme since last thirty years to conserve the soil and water in rainfed areas. Since then Indian agriculture got the boost but the programme has under gone various changes over the period of years as per the guidelines put forward by the government of India. To state some of the milestones in guidelines are 1995 guideline, 2001 guideline and Hariyali guideline of 2003 and Integrated Watershed Management Guidelines of 2008 are of vital significance in view of saving farming and serving farmers. The guidelines differ from each other in approaches for project planning, implementation, coverage etc. This paper throws the light by comparing various aspects of each guideline in view of its implications to maintain the sustainable development of Indian society.

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15

Padmaja, R., K. Kavitha, S. Pramanik, V. D. Duche, Y. U. Singh, A. M. Whitbread, R. Singh, K. K. Garg y S. Leder. "Gender Transformative Impacts from Watershed Interventions: Insights from a Mixed-Methods Study in the Bundelkhand Region of India". Transactions of the ASABE 63, n.º 1 (2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13568.

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HighlightsSocial and technical interventions related to agriculture, watersheds, and capacity building should enhance women’s awareness, access, and decision-making role in agrarian communities.Strict gender norms and relations hinder the empowerment of women in the Bundelkhand region and prevent women from participating in the decision-making process at the household, farm, and community level.When implementing watershed projects in a highly patriarchal context, as in the Bundelkhand region, advocacy of behavioral change communication must be implemented, addressing the diverse needs of women and men.Strengthening of systematic and gender-sensitive institution building, social engagement, and capacity development for global water security is needed for sustainable watershed interventions.ABSTRACT. This study examined gender perspectives on water security by exploring an integrated water management approach for agriculture, livestock, and human consumption. The data were generated in a watershed project to enhance drought resilience of farming through groundwater recharge and agroforestry interventions in the water-scarce Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh in central India. Post-intervention, a quantitative survey and qualitative gender and social analysis tools were applied to understand the benefits of the interventions for women, men, and the community as a whole. Quantitative data were collected from 700 individuals in five villages (three treatment villages and two villages where watershed interventions were not implemented). In addition, 33 semi-structured interviews and eight focus group discussions were conducted to understand local gender norms at the project sites. Data analysis revealed that the community benefits accrued from the watershed interventions included increased crop productivity and diversification of agriculture and livelihoods. However, strict patriarchal norms restricted the visibility, mobility, and communication of women within the household and community during the interventions. Considering gender diversity, this study identifies that women can benefit from participating in watershed interventions and provides a deeper understanding of the constraints and barriers to women’s participation in such projects, including economic, social, and cultural factors. The construction of check dams reduced women’s time per day for fetching water by about 29%. Groundwater level increases reduced the effort required of women to draw water from open wells and hand pumps. Female education is a significant factor related to the benefits of watershed interventions, and regression analysis indicated that households with higher levels of education of adult women were significantly more likely to benefit from the interventions than other households. To avoid perpetuation of the exclusion of diverse local knowledge and gender inequality at the community level, mechanisms must be developed and adjusted continuously such that whole communities, including men and women, are empowered to participate in the decision-making process at various levels and for different purposes. When implementing watershed projects in a highly patriarchal context, as in the Bundelkhand region where women are hidden behind the strong presence of men, advocacy of behavioral change communication must be implemented regularly. The community needs to be sensitized toward systematic and gender-sensitive institution building, social engagement, and capacity development for local as well as global water security. Keywords: Bundelkhand region, Gender, Social norms, Transformative, Watershed intervention.

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16

Mahalakshmi, S. M., V. Govinda Gowda y M. N. Thimme Gowda. "Consequence of Sujala Watershed Project on Accessibility to Rural Livelihood in Tumkur District of Karnataka, India". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 2099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.248.

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17

Sundaram, Dr A. "Empirical Study on Impact of Integrated watershed Development project in Mizoram state of north east india". IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 5, n.º 3 (2012): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0530713.

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Ganguly, Bablu, Amita Hanglem, Yanglem Devi, Deepa Roy, Sabita Mondal y P. Pal. "Assessing Attitude towards Activities of Rangamati Watershed Development Project in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal, India". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 19, n.º 3 (10 de enero de 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2017/35433.

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19

Arya, Swarn Lata, J. S. Samra y R. K. Aggarwal. "Contribution of Beneficiary Participation in Project Effectiveness in Watershed Management Projects : A Case Study in Shivalik Foothill Region in Northern India". Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 11, n.º 1 (julio de 2001): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120010106.

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20

Panda, R., S. K. Padhee y S. Dutta. "Glof Study in Tawang River Basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (27 de noviembre de 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-101-2014.

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Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is one of the major unexpected hazards in the high mountain regions susceptible to climate change. The Tawang river basin in Arunachal Pradesh is an unexplored region in the Eastern Himalayas, which is impending to produce several upcoming hydro-electric projects (HEP). The main source of the river system is the snow melt in the Eastern Himalayas, which is composed of several lakes located at the snout of the glacier dammed by the lateral or end moraine. These lakes might prove as potential threat to the future scenario as they have a tendency to produce flash flood with large quantity of sediment load during outbursts. This study provides a methodology to detect the potential lakes as a danger to the HEP sites in the basin, followed by quantification of volume of discharge from the potential lake and prediction of hydrograph at the lake site. The remote location of present lakes induced the use of remote sensing data, which was fulfilled by Landsat-8 satellite imagery with least cloud coverage. Suitable reflectance bands on the basis of spectral responses were used to produce informational layers (NDWI, Potential snow cover map, supervised classification map) in GIS environment for discriminating different land features. The product obtained from vector overlay operation of these layers; representing possible water area, was further utilized in combination with Google earth to identify the lakes within the watershed. Finally those identified lakes were detected as potentially dangerous lakes based on the criteria of elevation, area, proximity from streamline, slope and volume of water held. HEC-RAS simulation model was used with cross sections from Google Earth and field survey as input to simulate dam break like situation; hydrodynamic channel routing of the outburst hydrograph along river reach was carried out to get the GLOF hydrograph at the project sites. It was concluded from the results that, the assessed GLOF would be a lead for the qualitative approximation of the amount of bed load transported along the river reach and thus hydropower project sites.

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D., Vasudevan* y Murugesan A.G. "Evaluation of Water Quality Impact Caused by Common Hazardous Waste Landfill Facility in Gummidipoondi, Tamilnadu- India". Regular issue 10, n.º 7 (30 de mayo de 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g8872.0510721.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality impact caused due to the operations of common hazardous waste landfill facility (CHWLF) in Gummidipoondi industrial estate, Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu, India. The watershed area of the hazardous waste landfill facility was delineated using Arc-GIS tools and prediction of ground water flow direction was carried out using three-dimensional ground water flow model using VISUAL MODFLOW software. The water quality analysis was performed in the upstream and downstream directions of the project site and the results showed that all the tested parameters were within the BIS 10500:2012 drinking water limits, except pH which showed slightly acidic characteristics in certain locations. The tested water samples mostly belonged to the Ca + Mg-HCO3’ type as classified using the multivariate analysis method using piper diagram. Co-relation between the water quality parameters were determined using statistical analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) values.

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Patel, Ajaykumar Bhagubhai y Geeta S. Joshi. "Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff Correlations Using Artificial Neural Network-A Case Study of Dharoi Watershed of a Sabarmati River Basin, India". Civil Engineering Journal 3, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2017): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000074.

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The use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming common due to its ability to analyse complex nonlinear events. An ANN has a flexible, convenient and easy mathematical structure to identify the nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. This capability could efficiently be employed for the different hydrological models such as rainfall-runoff models, which are inherently nonlinear in nature. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can be used in cases where the available data is limited. The present work involves the development of an ANN model using Feed-Forward Back Propagation algorithm for establishing monthly and annual rainfall runoff correlations. The hydrologic variables used were monthly and annual rainfall and runoff for monthly and annual time period of monsoon season. The ANN model developed in this study is applied to Dharoi reservoir watersheds of Sabarmati river basin of India. The hydrologic data were available for twenty-nine years at Dharoi station at Dharoi dam project. The model results yielding into the least error is recommended for simulating the rainfall-runoff characteristics of the watersheds. The obtained results can help the water resource managers to operate the reservoir properly in the case of extreme events such as flooding and drought.

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BUBB, ALEXANDER. "Class, Cotton, and ‘Woddaries’: A Scandinavian railway contractor in Western India, 1860–69". Modern Asian Studies 51, n.º 5 (13 de julio de 2017): 1369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000251.

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AbstractThis article makes use of a recently unearthed archive in Sweden, complemented by research in the India Office Records and Maharashtra State Archives, to explore the business networks of the small-scale railway contractor in 1860s Bombay Presidency. The argument centres on the career of one individual, comparing him with several contemporaries. In contrast to their civilian colleagues, freebooting engineers have been a somewhat understudied group. Sometimes lacking formal technical training, and without an official position in colonial India, they were distrusted as profiteering, even corrupt, opportunists. This article will present them instead as a diverse professional class, incorporating Parsis alongside various European nationalities, who became specialists in local milieux, sourcing timber and stone at the lowest prices and retaining the loyalty of itinerant labourers. It will propose that the 1860s cotton boom in western India provided them with a short-lived window of opportunity in which to flourish, and to diversify into a variety of speculative enterprises including cotton trading, land reclamation, and explosives. The accidents and bridge collapses of the 1867 monsoon, and subsequent public outcry, will be identified as a watershed after which that window of opportunity begins to shut. The article's concluding section analyses the contractors’ relationship with their labour force and its intermediary representatives, and strategies for defusing strikes. Ultimately, small independent contractors were agents of modernity not formally affiliated with the imperial project, and forced to bargain with merchants and strikers without official backing. Theirs is a record of complex negotiations at the local level, carried out in the immediate post-Mutiny settlement.

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Priti Sanga, Nafisa y Rajeev Kumar Ranjan. "Natural resource management in changing climate – reflections from indigenous Jharkhand". World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, n.º 2 (27 de mayo de 2014): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-10-2013-0040.

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Purpose – Addressing probable complexities of climate change on rural livelihoods, food security, and poverty reduction, requires mainstreaming of cross-sectoral interventions and adaptations into existing frameworks. Indigenous communities due to their isolation, reluctance to current practices, and knowledge deprivation are difficult to reach by many developmental programs. The purpose of this paper is to identify relevant adaptations from indigenous rural Jharkhand (India), applicable to improving livelihoods through integrated natural resource management (NRM). Prospects of rainwater harvest and management for supporting local rural livelihoods were also examined. Design/methodology/approach – Tested and applicable models of participatory research methods widespread in sociological research were used. Focussed group discussions and structured interviews were conducted for primary data collection from micro-watershed units of this study. Findings – In-situ soil and water conservation methods showed increased availabilities of freshwater both for food and non-food consumption in the area. Construction of rural infrastructure and land husbandry practices improved agricultural productivity and resulted in subsequent reductions in women's drudgeries. Culture fishery provided ample scope for livelihood diversification, food and nutrition security of households. Overall, micro-watershed area developmental approach improved food and nutrition securities, generated employment opportunities, improved agricultural productivity, diversified livelihoods and were widely accepted by communities. Originality/value – Creating greater sense of ownership among grass-root communities was an important thrust behind the success of this particular project. By entrusting tribal communities with fund management, rural planning, and execution of various interventions, a successful replicable model was produced, which has wider community implications extending beyond societies and geographies.

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Asaduzzaman, M. y Md Moshiur Rahman. "Impacts of Tipaimukh Dam on the Down-stream Region in Bangladesh: A Study on Probable EIA". Journal of Science Foundation 13, n.º 1 (22 de mayo de 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i1.27827.

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Amidst mounting protests both at home and in lower riparian Bangladesh, India is going ahead with the plan to construct its largest and most controversial 1500 mw hydroelectric dam project on the river Barak at Tipaimukh in the Indian state Manipur. In the process, however, little regard is being paid to the short and long-term consequences on the ecosystem, biodiversity or the local people in the rivers watershed and drainage of both upper and low reparian countries. This 390 m length and 162.8 m. high earthen-rock filled dam also has the potential to be one of the most destructive. In India too, people will have to suffer a lot for this mega project. The total area required for construction including submergence area is 30860 ha of which 20797 ha is forest land, 1195 ha is village land, 6160 ha is horticultural land, and 2525 ha is agricultural land. Cconstruction of the massive dam and regulate water flow of the river Barak will have long adverse effects on the river system of Surma and Kushiyara in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh which will obviously have negative impacts on ecology, environment, agriculture, bio-diversity, fisheries, socio-economy of Bangladesh. To assess the loss of Tipaimukh dam on downstream Bangladesh, an Eivironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been conducted based on probable affect parametes. Present study intends to depict Tipaimukh dam construction post scenerio in Bangladesh thru assessing probable loss and damage of the Tipaimukh dam construction. The most effective Batelle method of EIA has been applied in this study. It is found -5 scale severity impact will be imposed if the proposed dam is being construct after assessing values of each parameter. Journal of Science Foundation 2015;13(1):3-10DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i1.27827

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RAMSANKARAN, RAAJ, U. C. KOTHYARI y J. S. RAWAT. "Simulation of surface runoff and sediment yield using the water erosion prediction project (WEPP) model: a study in Kaneli watershed, Himalaya, India / Simulation de ruissellement de surface et d'érosion à l'aide du modèle WEPP: cas du bassin versant de Kaneli, Himalaya, Inde". Hydrological Sciences Journal 54, n.º 3 (junio de 2009): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.3.513.

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27

Rahman, Md Naimur. "Urban Expansion Analysis and Land Use Changes in Rangpur City Corporation Area, Bangladesh, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques". Geosfera Indonesia 4, n.º 3 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13921.

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This study aim to attempt mapping out the Land Use or Land Cover (LULC) status of Regional Project Coordination Committee (RPCC) between 2009-2019 with a view of detecting the land consumption rate and the changes that has taken place using RS and GIS techniques; serving as a precursor to the further study on urban induced variations or change in weather pattern of the cityn Rangpur City Corporation(RCC) is the main administrative functional area for both of Rangpur City and Rangpur division and experiencing a rapid changes in the field of urban sprawl, cultural and physical landscape,city growth. These agents of Land use or Land cover (LULC) varieties are responsible for multi-dimensional problems such as traffic congestion, waterlogging, and solid waste disposal, loss of agricultural land. In this regard, this study fulfills LULC changes by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) as well as field survey was conducted for the measurement of change detection. The sources of data were Landsat 7 ETM and landsat 8 OLI/TIRS of both C1 level 1. Then after correcting the data, geometrically and radiometrically change detection and combined classification (supervised & unsupervised) were used. The study finds LULC changes built-up area, water source, agricultural land, bare soil in a change of percentage is 17.23, 2.58, -9.94, -10.19 respectively between 2009 and 2019. Among these changes, bare soil is changed to a great extent, which indicates the expansion of urban areas is utilizing the land to a proper extent. Keywords: Urban expansion; land use; land cover; remote sensing; geographic information system (GIS); Rangpur City Corporation(RCC). References Al Rifat, S. A., & Liu, W. (2019). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns and major explanatory factors of urban expansion in miami metropolitan area during 1992-2016. Remote Sensing, 11(21) doi:10.3390/rs11212493 Arimoro AO, Fagbeja MA, Eedy W. (2002). The Need and Use of Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa: With Example from Ten Years Experience in Nigeria. AJEAM/RAGEE, 4(2), 16-27. Belal, A.A. and Moghanm, F.S. (2011).Detecting Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Al Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt.The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 14, 73-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2011.09.001 Dewan, A.M. and Yamaguchi, Y. (2009). Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Detect and Monitor and Use and Land Cover Change in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960-2005. Environmental Monitor Assessment, 150, 237- 249. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0226-5 Djimadoumngar, K.-N., & Adegoke, J. (2018). Satellite-Based Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes around Lake Fitri, Republic of Chad. Journal of Sustainable Development, 11(5), 71. doi:10.5539/jsd.v11n5p71 Edwards, B., Frasch, T., & Jeyacheya, J. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of land-use zoning for the protection of built heritage in the bagan archaeological zone, Myanmar—A satellite remote-sensing approach. Land use Policy, 88 doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104174 Fallati, L., Savini, A., Sterlacchini, S., & Galli, P. (2017). Land use and land cover (LULC) of the Republic of the Maldives: first national map and LULC change analysis using remote-sensing data. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(8). doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6120-2 Fučík, P., Novák, P., & Žížala, D. (2014). A combined statistical approach for evaluation of the effects of land use, agricultural and urban activities on stream water chemistry in small tile-drained catchments of south bohemia, czech republic. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72(6), 2195-2216. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3131-y Elbeih, S. F., & El-Zeiny, A. M. (2018). Qualitative assessment of groundwater quality based on land use spectral retrieved indices: Case study sohag governorate, egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 10, 82-92. doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2018.03.001 Fasal, S. (2000). Urban expansion and loss of agricultural land – A GIS based study of Saharanpur City, India. Environment and Urbanization, 12(2), 133 – 149 He, S., Wang, X., Dong, J., Wei, B., Duan, H., Jiao, J., & Xie, Y. (2019). Three-dimensional urban expansion analysis of valley-type cities: A case study of chengguan district, lanzhou, china. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(20) doi:10.3390/su11205663 Heimlich, R.E and W.D. Anderson. (2001). Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land. 803, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C., pg 80 Im, N., Kawamura, K., Suwandana, E., & Sakuno, Y. (2014). Monitoring land use and land cover effects on water quality in cheung ek lake using ASTER images. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11(1), 1-12. doi:10.3844/ajessp.2015.1.12 Kalnay, E., & Cai, M. (2003). Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate. Nature, 423(6939), 528-531. doi:10.1038/nature01675 Matlhodi, B., Kenabatho, P. K., Parida, B. P., & Maphanyane, J. G. (2019). Evaluating land use and land cover change in the gaborone dam catchment, botswana, from 1984-2015 using GIS and remote sensing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(19) doi:10.3390/su11195174 Uddin, M. M. M. (2015). Causal relationship between agriculture, industry and services sector for GDP growth in Bangladesh: An econometric investigation. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 8. Mondal, I., Srivastava, V. K., Roy, P. S., & Talukdar, G. (2014). Using logit model to identify the drivers of landuse landcover change in the lower gangetic basin, india. Paper presented at the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, , XL-8(1) 853-859. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-853-2014 Navale, V. B., & Mhaske, S. Y. (2019). Land use/land cover changes in sangamner city by using remote sensing and GIS. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2), 4614-4621. doi:10.35940/ijrte.B3386.078219 Nicolson, L.D. (1987). The Greening of the cities; Routledge and Kegan Paul, London Nong, D., Fox, J., Miura, T., & Saksena, S. (2015). Built-up Area Change Analysis in Hanoi Using Support Vector Machine Classification of Landsat Multi-Temporal Image Stacks and Population Data. Land, 4(4), 1213–1231. doi:10.3390/land4041213 Park, H., Fan, P., John, R., Ouyang, Z., & Chen, J. (2019). Spatiotemporal changes of informal settlements: Ger districts in ulaanbaatar, mongolia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 191 doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103630 Rajeshwari D. (2006). Management of the Urban Environment Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems.J. Hum. Ecol., 20(4), 269-277. Retrieved from http://www.krepublishers.com/02_journals/JHE/ Rasul, A., Balzter, H., Ibrahim, G., Hameed, H., Wheeler, J., Adamu, B., … Najmaddin, P. (2018). Applying Built-Up and Bare-Soil Indices from Landsat 8 to Cities in Dry Climates. Land, 7(3), 81. doi:10.3390/land7030081 Risma, Zubair, H., & Paharuddin. (2019). Prediction of land use and land cover (LULC) changes using CA-Markov model in Mamuju Subdistrict. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1341, 082033. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1341/8/082033 Schilling, K. E., Jha, M. K., Zhang, Y.-K., Gassman, P. W., & Wolter, C. F. (2008). Impact of land use and land cover change on the water balance of a large agricultural watershed: Historical effects and future directions. Water Resources Research, 44(7). doi:10.1029/2007wr006644 Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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Sahu, Santosh K. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Watershed Development Programme: A Study of Bichhiwada Watershed Project, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India". SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1315762.

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Manivannan, S., O. P. S. Khola, K. Kannan, B. L. Dhayani y V. Kasthuri Thilagam. "Impact of River Valley Project in South Pennaiyar Catchment of Tamil Nadu, India". Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 31 de diciembre de 2020, 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4831225.

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Aims: The impact of comprehensive interventions in erosion control, improving water availability, development of agro-forestry, sustainable management of natural resources, enhancement of agricultural productivity and socio-economic aspects of the farmers was studied. Assessment of effectiveness of watershed development programme, identification of major issues and lacunae in project implementation across the watersheds also has been studied. Study Design: Multistage stratified sampling technique was adopted in selection of study watersheds (secondary sampling unit-SSU), farmers (primary sampling units-PSU) and structures for detailed surveys. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in South Pennaiyar catchement in Dharmapuri, Salem, Villupuram, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted for three years period during 2012-14. Methodology: Sample based before and after project evaluation approach, employing budgeting techniques. By employing stratified random sampling method 15 study watersheds (SWS) were selected and the benchmark data collected by the project implementing agency (PIA) at the time of project planning were used for the study. All the collected data were analyzed through budgeting techniques or appropriate statistics. The cash flow table was developed which were further aggregated along with other miscellaneous costs of the project to generate total cost and benefit stream of the project. Results: The evaluation study reveals that runoff reduction of 8 to 10 percent and soil loss varies in the range of 1.1 to 1.9 t ha-1yr-1 after the project compare to 4.1 to 4.9 t ha-1yr-1 before the project shows the reduction of 3 t ha-1yr-1. Gully control structures made their impacts in terms of arresting silts at the rate of about 10.1 cum yr-1 in one watershed and stabilized the gullies. Increased water table in the range of 0.32 and 0.93 m with increased duration of water availability in wells for more than 9 months and increased recuperation rate (1.8 to 6.5 per cent) were observed. An additional surface storage capacity of 26.4 ha - m per watershed was created due to watershed interventions. The Net Present value of the project is about Rs. 52,238 lakhs without considering intangible benefits. The economic soundness of the project is also amply indicated by BCR (1.65:1) and IRR (53%) and the whole investment made in the project can be recovered within seven years. The NPV of the project further improved by inclusion of monetary value of the nutrient due to reduced soil erosion. The value of NPV was more than Rs. 63,968 Lakhs with 1.72 BCR and 65.5 % IRR. Conclusion: River valley project in South Pennaiyar catchment of Tamil Nadu is economically viable and recommended to be taken on priority for sustainable agricultural growth in the river / reservoir catchments.

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Croke, B., N. Herron, P. Pavelic, S. Ahmed, V. R. Reddy, R. Ranjan, G. Syme, M. Samad y K. V. Rao. "Impacts of meso-scale Watershed Development in Andhra Pradesh (India) and their implications for designing and implementing improved WSD policies and programs". Water Practice and Technology 7, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2012.025.

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Watershed Development (WSD) programs in rainfed dryland agriculture in India have been introduced in an effort to promote more sustainable management of the surface and groundwater resources, and to improve the livelihoods of farmers. This paper outlines the planned research for a project exploring the impacts of WSD at the meso-scale (~100 km2). The aim of the project is to develop and apply integrated models to assess cost effectiveness and water-related equity outcomes of stakeholder defined WSD scenarios; and to integrate and apply, in collaboration with project partners, the knowledge arising from the project at local, state and national policy levels.

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"Modeling and Management of Existing Watershed by using QGIS". International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, 30 de junio de 2020, 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0437.

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In this project we have made an effort to be acquainted with the aspect of ‘Watershed Management and Development’ using Geographical Information System. As there’s continuous increase in population and continuous degradation of environment. Also India is facing scarcity of water. Therefore watershed development is most suitable choice for development of rural areas. The main aim of this project is that the all of these engineering knowledge like GIS we’ve learned and apply it to different rural areas and lift economy as well as to improve the lifestyle of village people. GIS is computer based information management system which collects and stores specially reference multivariate (involving number of attributes or parameters) and multidate data. The name implies that the system deals with geographical space on the earth and its features. We have prepared the various layers like Gambian bund, cement nala bund, loose boulder structures, and percolation. We fix the position of those watershed harvesting structures according to their suitability. Also we show different contributory areas and we calculate runoff from each of the outlet. The above mention work is carried out in QGIS 2.18

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Kumar, Vinod y Neeraj Mishra. "Sustainable watering of the watershed: a qualitative analysis of the Choral River Revival Project in Narmada Basin, India". Development in Practice, 19 de agosto de 2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1958164.

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"Watershed Management for Ingrul village in Sangli District, Maharashtra by using GIS". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2019): 1593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b2275.078219.

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Watershed is land surface bounded by a divide which contributes runoff to a common point. Watershed management basically involves management of land surface and vegetation so as to conserve and utilize maximum water that falls on the area of watershed and also conserve the soil for long term benefits to the farmer and his society. Watershed management implies the wise use of soil and water resources so as to provide clean, uniform water supply for beneficial use and to control damaging overflow. Study area for this project work is Ingrul village, which is comes in Shirala tehsil, Sangli district of Maharashtra state. This area lies between Latitude 16.9550N, Longitude 74.1585E and Elevation 587 m. In ingrul village in pre-monsoon period lack of water availability for drinking, agricultural purpose. Due to the water scarcity the agricultural production is reduced. To reduce the problem of water, watershed management is necessary in the Ingrul village. Watershed studies conducted employing a GIS platform have incontestable that the special analysis capabilities of GIS hold the key to improved watershed modeling techniques. The GIS-based watershed modeling method begins with a digital illustration of the bottom surface topography, or a digital elevation model. Availability of natural resources like land and water is studied using data from bhuvan, Survey of India toposheets and remote sensed data. Watershed structures proposed on the basis of contour map, drainage map, land use land pattern map and water requirement and runoff calculations. Design and cost estimation of structures recommended for Ingrul village

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Pande, Chaitanya B., Kanak N. Moharir y S. F. R. Khadri. "Assessment of land-use and land-cover changes in Pangari watershed area (MS), India, based on the remote sensing and GIS techniques". Applied Water Science 11, n.º 6 (24 de mayo de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01425-1.

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AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the assessment of land-use and land-cover change detection mapping to the effective planning and management policies of environment, land-use policy and hydrological system in the study area. In this study the soil and water conservation project has been applied during the five years and after five years what changes have been found in the land-use and land-cover classes and vegetation. In this view, this land-use and land-cover mapping is a more important role to decide the policy for watershed planning and management project in the semiarid region. In an emerging countries, fast industrialization and urbanization impose a significant threat to the natural atmosphere. The remote sensing and GIS techniques are crucial roles in the study of land-use and land-cover mapping during the years of 2007, 2014, and 2017. The main objective of this is to prepare the land-use and NDVI maps in the years of 2008, 2014 and 2017; these maps have prepared from satellite data using the supervised classification method. A normalized difference vegetation index map (NDVI) was done by using Landsat 8 and LISS-III satellite data. NDVI values play a major role in monitoring the vegetation and variation in land-use and land-cover classes. In these maps, four types of land are divided into four classes as agriculture, built-up, wasteland, and water body. The results of study show that agriculture land of 18.71% (158.24 Ha), built-up land of 0.62% (5.31 Ha), wasteland of 40.33% (341.02 Ha), and water body land of 17.39% (147 Ha) are increased. Land-use and land-cover maps and NDVI values show that agriculture land of 22.97% (194.29 Ha), 5.46% (14.59 Ha), and 0.08% (0.22 Ha) decreases during the years of 2008, 2014, and 2017. The results directly indicate that the supervised classification method has been the accurate identified feature in the land-use map classes. This classification method has been given the better accuracy (95%) from spatiotemporal satellite data. The accuracy was also tally with ground-truth and Google earth information. These results can be a very useful for the land-use policy, watershed planning, and management with natural resources, animals, and ecological systems.

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Niranjana, K. V., M. B. Mahendra Kumar, Rajendra Hegde, K. V. Seema, B. A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas y R. Srinivasan. "Land Resource Inventory (LRI) for Sustainable Watershed Development-A Case Study of Bisarahalli-1 Microwatershed of Semiarid Region of Koppal District, Karnataka, India". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 3 de agosto de 2021, 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i630423.

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A land resource inventory (LRI) of Bisarahalli-1 microwatershed was located in the central part of northern Karnataka in semiarid region of Koppal taluk and district. A case study was taken under Sujala III project sponsored by the Watershed Development Department of Karnataka and funded by the World Bank. The analysis and interpretation of the spatial and non-spatial database generated has revealed that most of the areas suffer from major problems. In most of the areas, very gently sloping and alkalinity affected even up to 80% of the microwatershed area followed by gravelly and low available water capacity, thus reducing the production potential and crop choices. The soils are either moderately or marginally suited for growing most of the agricultural and horticultural crops. By interfacing land resource data with Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS, different management scenarios were analysed to arrive at the best management alternatives (optimum land use plans) that would be most suitable. This data handling system will be useful for making land use decisions and providing proactive advice to farmers on a real time basis protecting the health of natural resources.

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Landy, Frédéric, Laurent Ruiz, Julie Jacquet, Audrey Richard-Ferroudji, M. Sekhar, Hélène Guétat-Bernard, Marlène Oger-Marengo, G. Venkatasubramanian y Camille Noûs. "Commons as Demanding Social Constructions: The Case of Aquifers in Rural Karnataka". International Journal of Rural Management, 26 de agosto de 2020, 097300522094542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005220945428.

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It is only recently that research on Indian groundwater has considered a perspective in terms of commons. ATCHA, an interdisciplinary project that includes among others hydrology, crop modelling and remote sensing analysis, includes such a lens in its study of the Berambadi watershed, Karnataka, India. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups have shown that the local aquifers are not managed as a commons, and brought into light several factors hindering collective action. In this paper, these factors are reconsidered, in particular through Ostrom’s criteria. The national policy is currently trying to define a new legal framework for more sustainable management of the resource, but this new law is not known to users and it seems difficult to implement because it calls into question too many vested interests. We argue for aquifer management committees, which could be an intermediary between national policy orientations and users who are (rationally) not endorsing collective action.

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Higgins, Stephanie A., Irina Overeem, Kimberly G. Rogers y Evan A. Kalina. "River linking in India: Downstream impacts on water discharge and suspended sediment transport to deltas". Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 6 (1 de enero de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.269.

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To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water and sediment discharge for six rivers flowing to five major deltas. Sediment rating curves are used to quantify the impacts of changing water discharge within the rivers, and basin-wide trapping efficiency is established for new reservoirs. Given full implementation of the NRLP, we forecast reductions in annual suspended sediment transport to deltas of 40–85% (Mahanadi), 71–99% (Godavari) and 60–97% (Krishna) due to profound reservoir trapping and peak streamflow reductions. The Ganga before its confluence with the Brahmaputra is projected to experience a 39–75% reduction in annual suspended load. The Brahmaputra before its confluence with the Ganga is projected to experience a 9–25% reduction in suspended load, despite losing only 6% of its annual water flow. We calculate a projected corresponding aggradation decrease for the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta from 3.6 to 2.5 mm y–1, which is a large enough change to drive relative sea-level rise at the delta front. At the remaining four deltas, the NRLP will exacerbate current sediment starvation. We reconstruct the annual water transfer volume proposed for the NRLP to be 245 km3 y–1, higher than previous estimates due to the inclusion of along-canal usage. If completed, the NRLP will transform watershed boundaries, with more than half of the land in India contributing a portion of its runoff to a new mouth. These impacts may have profound environmental and public health implications, particularly in the context of future climate change.

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