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Ghose, Ritu Chaity. "Linking the Variance of Permeability and Porosity to Newly Interpreted Lithofacies at the Site of the Illinois Basin - Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1495815546209501.
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Kucelin, Ana. "Teacher Practices, Attitudes, and Perceptions About the Decatur Farm to School Program". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/11.
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Purpose: Farm to School (F2S) Programs are increasing in number across the United States, yet research on teachers’ perceptions and practices about F2S is limited. Teachers are a key component of any F2S program, since their acceptance and support influences program implementation and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher practices, attitudes, and perceptions about the Decatur F2S Program.
Methods: City Schools of Decatur teachers completed a questionnaire designed to obtain information concerning their practices, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the Decatur F2S Program. Participants indicated their level of agreement with 18 statements using a Likert scale rating, answered an open-ended question, and recorded both implemented and desired F2S activities. Cumulative frequencies were determined for all questionnaire items, and themes were extracted for the open-ended question.
Results: Seventy percent of K – 12 teachers would like to see F2S activities implemented in their classroom, and 28% of these teachers already implement some F2S activity. The majority of teachers had positive perceptions about the Decatur Farm to School Program’s impact on students, the local economy, and the environment. Teachers perceived that the F2S programs encompassed four themes: 1) supplying schools with locally grown foods; 2) educating children on healthy eating, food, and nutrition; 3) educating children on gardening and growing foods; and 4) building a strong connection between local farms, schools, and communities.
Conclusion: There is a high degree of interest and support for the Decatur F2S Program by City Schools of Decatur teachers, which is consistent with efforts to implement F2S Programs across the country. Most teachers were not familiar with the CSD F2S Program but would desire F2S activities in their schools.
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Williamson, Bob. "Developing a plan of healthy church growth for First Baptist Church of Decatur, Georgia". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Trim, Henry. "The making of Stephen Decatur: A study of heroism and myth building in America". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27736.
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This thesis seeks to show how heroes are created, the role hero-making plays in the creation of national identity and how the mythology constructed around heroes affects historical memory, by examining the heroic narrative constructed around Commodore Stephen Decatur, United States Navy.
Stephen Decatur became a hero during the first Barbary War in 1805, his abrupt rise to heroism was occasioned by a mix of luck, drama, partisan politics and nationalism. After his death, Decatur received very complimentary attention from nineteenth century biographers anxious to present Americans with national heroes. In the twentieth and twenty-first century Decatur remained popular, especially with American reengagement in the Middle East and the "War on Terror." Recent biographies of Decatur are of interest as they reveal the continuities and changes in the American heroic ideal over time, and how the momentum of a narrative can deeply shape our understanding of the past.
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Steelmon, Martin D. "Doctrinal preaching to young adults at the First Baptist Church of Austinville in Decatur, Alabama". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Wicker, Stafford J. "A local faith community responds to HIV/AIDS epidemic: An effective AIDS witness in Decatur, Georgia". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIDP14657.
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The purpose and focus of this work is to seek practical means by which local African-American congregations can minister to persons living with AIDS (PLWAs), and to institute an educational awareness model which emphasizes prevention of the HIV virus.
The impetus for the study was a pastoral clinical education program which brought the researcher in contact with HIV/AIDS patients and their families. The study and resulting model for ministry is designed to inspire clergy and laity to institute sharing and caring ministries for PLWAs. Members of the faith community are challenged to respond to the Biblical mandate of Jesus Christ by developing compassionate outreach programs in their local communities.
Having studied the literature, the time has come to demonstrate the practice of this ministry issue at the Antioch African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.C.) in Decatur, Georgia.
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Harrier, Donald R. Jr. "An analysis of the spatial distribution of the rural farm population in Decatur County, Kansas : 1900-1988". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15021.
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Bateman, Steve. ""Complete standing" Jonathan Edwards' pastoral model of church membership adapted to First Bible Church of Decatur, Alabama /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Parks, Bryan Wayne. "Training a lay ministry team in church and community pastoral care-giving". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Gary, Meta E. "Pedestrian". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/119.
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PEDESTRIAN is inspired by my daily walking routines and my relationship to the spaces in which I walk. Through additional instruction-guided walks with volunteers, this project examines the seemingly mundane travels of walkers and their relationship to and absorption of the space around them, and encourages a reconsideration of the environmental everyday into a venue for play and discovery.
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Randle, Perri. "Noise and Vibration Control for a Decanting Centrifuge". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5987.
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High levels of machine noise result in health issues for those people exposed to the machine for extended periods. Machine noise is becoming a more significant design consideration, often because of legislative requirements.
Decanting centrifuges are machines with a rotating bowl. They have a number of noise sources, the most significant being structural noise, vortex/turbulence noise and siren noise. Due to the size, mass and speed of the rotating bowl, the bowl is the main source of structural noise. The structural noise is produced by all surfaces that are directly coupled to the bowl’s bearings. Due to the speed of rotation of the bowl, the turbulence from the various trailing edges generates broad spectrum vortex noise. Siren noise due to air flow through the bowl also generates significant noise especially at the lower harmonics of the bowl rotation frequency.
Strategies to reduce decanter machine noise include:
• Decoupling the surfaces of the from the main bearings of the rotating bowl and hence reduce the amount of structurally transmitted noise.
• Smoothing the surface of the bowl to minimise the edges that produce vortices that are shed and produce vortex/turbulence noise.
• As siren noise is produced due to flow through the rotating bowl, which is integral to the function of the decanter, the exit ports should be designed so that the noise is produced within parts of the sound spectrum that have low noise levels.
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Ellahi, M. Farooq (Mohammad Farooq). "An integrated decanter centrifuge-pitot pump". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41020.
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Bell, George Ross Arana. "Analysis and Development of a Decanter Centrifuge: Power consumption analysis, development of a composite bowl, and feed accelerator analysis". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8678.
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This project was concerned with the analysis and development of a decanter centrifuge. The aim of the project was to increase the understanding of the operation of the machine, and identify and implement methods of improving the performance.
A comprehensive breakdown of the power consumption of a GTech-Bellmor 1456 Centrifuge Decanter was completed. There are four components of the power consumption in a decanter centrifuge: friction during product transport, viscous and kinetic losses during feed acceleration, inefficiencies in power transmission components, and aerodynamic losses, known as windage. A mathematical model was developed to predict the power, torque, and axial force required by product transport. A relationship for the power consumed during feed acceleration was derived from first principles. The power transmission losses are comprised of inefficiencies in the motors, belt drives, gearbox, bearings, and seals; each of these was quantified. The windage has two components: the surface drag on the bowl as it rotates in an annular space and the pressure drag on external protrusions. The windage was predicted empirically and computationally. Methods that were identified for improving the decanter centrifuge were: reduce the mass of bowl and scroll, improve wear resistance, reduce the coefficient of friction of the bowl wall and scroll faces, optimise scroll geometry, redesign the feed accelerator to increase acceleration efficiency, implement control of the bowl speed, differential speed, and pool depth, and recess the bolt heads on the bowl and cover the third phase ports.
An analysis of several worn centrifuges revealed that the majority of the wear occurs on the scroll, bowl wall, accelerator, and solids discharge ports. An experiment was developed to recreate the wear conditions inside a centrifuge. A high pressure abrasive film was forced between materials moving relative to each other. Similar results were observed for acetel, UHMWPE, and 316 stainless steel when using a pin-on-disk wear test rig. A new composite bowl was developed for two main reasons, weight reduction, and improved wear and friction characteristics. The full design process was applied to the bowl and several concepts were generated for a new scroll. The design of the bowl included conceptual design, material selection, material testing, constructing scale models, and the manufacture of a full-size bowl for a GTech-Bellmor 1456 Centrifuge Decanter. The potential for using composite materials in decanter centrifuges was demonstrated. The manufacturing method developed during this project was novel and produced parts suitable for use in high-speed rotating machinery.
The feed accelerator analysis consisted of three components: theoretical, experimental, and computational analysis. Three feed acceleration mechanisms were identified: viscous dissipation, impulse force, and mass flow induced velocity. An experimental method was developed to examine decanter centrifuge feed accelerator designs. The method allowed for the measurement of efficiency and high-speed photography of the flow between the accelerator and the rotating pool. The order of best to worst performing of the six tested designs was Modified Disk, Disk, Plate, Conical, Drum, and Esbjerg. The feed accelerator was modelled using ANSYS-CFX 14.5 and compared to the experimental results. There was excellent agreement between the flow in the annular space observed using high-speed photography and the paths predicted using the computational model. A parametric study of the Drum and Disk feed accelerator designs was undertaken using the computational model. It was found that increasing the surface area of the port faces of the Drum accelerator and increasing the discharge angle and discharge radius for the Disk accelerator improved the performance.
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Donohue, Brian. "The transient behavior of the co-axial non-synchronous rotating assembly of a decanting centrifuge". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8920.
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This study identifies the cause of unstable vibrations that sporadically occur in decanting centrifuges as being caused by a combination of internal bearing clearance, conveyor unbalance and low bearing loads. These centrifuges are different from other rotating equipment common in industry (pumps, fans, compressors, electric motors) in that they are dual rotor systems – one rotor inside the other. Unbalance in either rotor can produce severe vibration of the whole machine when the running speed is close to a mode of vibration – that is, running at or near a critical speed. The external rotor, called the bowl, is subjected to an internal pressure generated by the centrifugal force of the product being separated. The internal rotor is supported from the bowl and is in the form of an auger screw. The main supporting bearings are subjected to forces from both the bowl and the auger - the liquid end bearing also supports the gearbox. Being able to predict critical speeds through numerical or computational analysis is a necessary step in the design process or for troubleshooting vibration problems. As part of the study, the main rolling element bearings were replaced by oil-film journal bearings to assess the viability of their use. Journal bearings are simpler, of lower cost and generate less noise than their rolling element counterparts. However, instability in running above the first critical speed can result due to oil film forces and internal hysteresis of the rotor assembly. The auger is asymmetric so instability in running is possible at around half the first critical speed.
This study was undertaken to understand the dynamics of decanting type centrifuges and develop a methodology for identifying their critical speeds and cause of unstable vibration. In the longer term this will assist in the generation of new designs that are quieter, use less energy and have better separation efficiencies.
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Wong, Ling Say. "Sustainable development of an integrated solid waste and wastewater treatment". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3142.
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This PhD thesis investigated solid and liquid waste treatment systems for Sureclean, a waste Management company based in the North of Scotland. Sureclean receives a diverse range of waste streams and the increasing need for sustainable development as well as stringent environmental legislation motivated this research to develop an integrated waste treatment system. Waste characterisation was conducted using a range of analytical instrumentation to identify the TPH, COD, heavy metals content, TOC, and particle size of Sureclean waste streams. From there, four treatment systems were investigated utilising Sureclean waste streams: mechanical separation, chemical treatment, electro-coagulation and the advanced oxidation process. Laboratory and field trials were conducted using these different treatment techniques and the analysis was performed to verify the treatment results. The result of these trials led to the development of four modular waste treatment units, that form the outcome of this research: the Sureclean Water Treatment System (SWTS), a filtration based mechanical separation system was shown to reduce the TSS, BOD and TOC content of an oily wastewater; the Sureclean Sludge Separation System (SSSTS), a chemical-enhanced filtration based system was demonstrated to reduce 52.6 % of the sewage sludge volume; the Sureclean Electro-coagulation Water Treatment System (SEWTS), a system that agglomerates colloid particles and demulsifies oil removed 99.9 % of TPH from Sureclean interceptor effluent; and the Sureclean Advanced Water Treatment System (SAWTS), an advanced oxidation process which was demonstrated to reduce the TPH of a contaminated groundwater collected from an ex-gas work. The treated effluent could be discharged to Sureclean interceptor. The four treatment units developed in this research expanded Sureclean waste treatment capabilities and an integrated system was developed to treat different waste streams and to improve the treatment efficiency thus increasing the revenue and future waste stream options for Sureclean.
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Sjöberg, Mikael, Daniel Nilsson y Pontus Widén. "To increase the efficiency in sugar and ethanol industries by using a decanter centrifuge : a feasibility study made in the Dominican Republic". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1065.
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This Bachelor Degree Project is a study about possible improvements of the efficiency at sugar mills and ethanol distilleries by using a decanter centrifuge. The report handles background, purpose and result including conclusions and discussions. The implementation of the decanter at site is fully described, including problems and solutions during the project. With the increased use of ethanol as a bio fuel, the question about bio ethanol’s energy balance have become of more importance. As a part of the project a study about the energy balance have been carried out. In our research we did only find one (more or less) accepted investigation concerning ethanol energy balance from sugar cane. All other found information about the subject refers to this single assessment which is quite remarkable.
The sugar and ethanol production processes are almost similar until after the clarifier step. The clarifier is a gravitational settling tank where the juice is clarified and then sent to evaporation (sugar process) or fermentation (ethanol process). The by-product called molasses still contains some sugar and is therefore sent to a rotating vacuum filter to extract the remaining sugar. Rotating vacuum filters has high energy consumption, is dirty, creates a lot of smell and needs a lot of space. The objective with the study was to investigate the possibilities to replace the rotating vacuum filter with a decanter centrifuge and achieve better efficiency in the production. A decanter is a centrifuge that separates solids from liquids. The decanter is based on the simple theory that solids fall to the bottom due to the force of gravity. The decanter centrifuge works with this principle but the difference is that the gravity force has been replaced by a centrifugal force.
The result of our test gives a good indication that the decanter is a good investment. The payback time is short and the investment gives many positive side effects such as less energy consumption, better working environment and it needs less space in the factory.
El proyecto para el título de bachiller se basa en un estudio de las posibles mejoras a la eficiencia en los ingenios azucareros y destilerías de etanol mediante la aplicación de un decantador de centrifugación. El informe explica los antecedentes, las partes implicadas y de la finalidad del proyecto. El procesamiento del azúcar es descripto en breve, ya que el proceso es similar al del etanol hasta después del proceso clarificador. El clarificador es un tanque de solución gravitacional donde el jugo se aclara y luego enviado para a la evaporación (proceso del azúcar) o para la fermentación (proceso del etanol). El sub-producto obtenido, denominado melaza de azúcar todavía incluye algunos azúcares y es por lo tanto enviado a un filtro rotatorio de vacío para extraer el azúcar restante. El filtro rotatorio de vacío es una antigua técnica utilizada en el proceso del azúcar. Tiene un alto consumo de energía, es muy voluminoso, emana gran cantidad de olores, y necesita asimismo de mucho especio. El Proyecto investiga la posibilidad de reemplazar el filtro de rotación al vacío por un decantador centrífugo y adquirir mayor eficiencia. El decantador es un centrifugador que separa sólidos de los líquidos. Está basado en la teoría de que los sólidos caen al fondo por la fuerza de gravedad. Se basa en la sencilla teoría de que los sólidos caen a la parte inferior debido a la fuerza de la gravedad. El decantador de centrífugo trabaja con este principio, pero la diferencia es que la fuerza de gravedad ha sido sustituida por una fuerza centrífuga. La aplicación en el sitio se describe de forma detallada, incluyendo todos los problemas y soluciones durante el proyecto. Con el aumento del uso de etanol como bio-combustible, la cuestión acerca del balance de energía de bio etanol ha tomado mayor importancia. En nuestra búsqueda, encontramos únicamente una investigación precisa concerniente al etanol de la caña de azúcar. Los resultados se presentaron y discutieron antes de dar la conclusión del proyecto.
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Legendre, Sandrine. ""Nos decanus et capitulum Ecclesie Bisuntine". Le chapitre cathédral de Besançon : un corps social et son insertion dans l'Etat bourguignon (1404-1477)". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1039.
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Le chapitre métropolitain de Besançon compte quarante-cinq chanoines dirigés par un doyen. Ce corps social a pour fonctions de desservir les deux cathédrales de Besançon, d'élire et de conseiller l'archevêque.L'étude de leurs origines géographiques et sociales, de leurs carrières et de leurs actions politiques permet de comprendre les relations de ce chapitre et de l'Etat bourguignon au XVème siècle. Cette étude est essentiellement réalisée par le biais des actes et des délibérations capitulaires. Elle s'accompagne de deux annexes proposopographiques.Le quartier capitulaire est un premier indice du mode et du niveau de vie des chanoines. La seconde moitié du XVème siècle est florissante : les maisons canoniales, souvent ruinées laissent la place à des bâtiments de meilleur qualité, les salles communes et les cathédrales subissent des travaux de réfection et d'embellissement.Entre 1404 et 1477, la collation ordinaire des quarante cinq prébendes canoniales reste majoritaire. Mais les ducs de Bourgogne, émettent des recommandations qui infléchissent le recrutement : la noblesse comtoise est remplacée par des membres de l'administration ducale, souvent d'origine bourgeoise, comtoise ou bourguignonne.Les cumuls et l'absentéisme sont fréquents à partir de 1440, entraînant une moins bonne discipline et des difficultés à desservir correctement le culte. Paradoxalement, la présence des membres de l'administration bourguignonne dans la chapitre élève la culture juridique et améliore la gestion du temporel.Au XVème siècle, l'espace comtois s'articule autour d'une capitale religieuse, Besançon, d'un pôle économique et financier, Salins et d'une capitale politique, Dole. On constate qu'une grande part des dignitaires du chapitre bisontin a une carrière antérieure à la collégiale Saint-Anatoile de Salins et a des liens familiaux avec les membres du Parlement dolois.Le chapitre et les archevêques font face à des luttes violentes avec la Commune entre 1390 et 1452. Les archevêques Alors que Girard d'Athies et Thiébaut de Rougemont sont des courtisans qui imposent leur puissance, Jean de Rochetaillée, diplomate de talent allié aux cercles polinois négocie le traité de Rouen de 1435. Son décès entraîne une crise de succession où le concile de Bâle est mêlé. Les relations du chapitre avec Quentin Ménard, que le duc impose, restent très froides. Enfin, le chapitre se montre capable de s'opposer aux volontés du duc en s'appuyant sur le Parlement de Dole et en trouvant un allié en Charles de Neuchâtel, un grand noble comtois, archevêque entre 1463 et 1498Besançon's urban chapter was a social unit composed of forty-five canons, led by a Dean. This order's role was to organize the service in Besançon's cathedrals, to elect the archbishop, and to advise him on important matters. Studying the social background and careers of its members allows us to better understand how Besançon's chapter fit into the political life of the state of Burgundy in the 15th century. This study's main sources are the chapter's deliberations and official records. Two prosopographical appendices supplement them.Studying the chapter's district yields the first clues as to the canons' lifestyle and social status. Built on a hillside, it was surrounded by a fortified wall. The Sainte-Brigide hospital, the capitular rooms and the archives were all shared buildings. The second half of the 15th century was also characterised by important works of renovation and improvement of their houses ans of both cathedrals.From 1404 to 1477, the usual mode of recruitment was through cooptation; the dukes of Burgundy would issue recommendations, which would in turn influence the selective process through which canons were nominated. The nobility of Franche-Comté which served the state of Burgundy was gradually replaced by members of the Duchy's civil service, often originating from Burgundy's or Franche-Comté's middle-classes. From 1440 onwards, it became more and more common for canons to hold several jurisdictions, or to fail to attend meetings regularly. This led to a loosening of discipline as well as difficulties in holding religious services. However, a growing relationship with Burgundy's administration led to the improvement of the chapter's legal knowledge as well as the management of worldly matters.Throughout the 15th century, three cities were at the heart of Franche-Comté: Besançon, its religious capital, Salins, its financial and economic centre, and, finally, Dole, its political heart. Most of the chapter's dignitaries had started their careers in the collegiate church Saint-Anatoile of Salins, and had family ties with members of the Parliament in Dole.Between 1390 and 1452, the chapter and the archbishops had to face violent struggles with the town authorities. The archbishops Girard d'Athies and Thiébaut de Rougemont were courtiers who had no qualms in imposing their own power. Jean de Rochetaillée, who came after them, was a diplomat allied to the political circles in Poligny, and had artfully negociated the Treaty of Rouen in 1435. His death led to conflicts regarding his succession, in which the Basel council got involved. The chapter's relationship with Quentin Ménard remained very distant, since his presence had been imposed by the Duke. The chapter finally demonstrated it was capable of resisting the Duke's will by relying on the Dole Parliament and by forging an alliance with Charles de Neuchâtel, who belonged to the Franche-Comté nobility and was archbishop from 1463 to 1498
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DAUPHIN, STEPHANE. "Connaissance et controle du fonctionnement des stations d'epuration, interet et limites des moyens metrologiques actuels. Application a la gestion hydraulique d'un decanteur secondaire". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13074.
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Ces prochaines annees, les agglomerations devront, sous la contrainte reglementaire, mieux gerer la collecte et le traitement des eaux polluees. Au niveau des stations d'epuration des eaux residuaires, une amelioration du procede est indispensable, notamment dans la prise en compte des surcharges hydrauliques generees par temps de pluie. Nous avons equipe une station d'epuration par boues activees en aeration prolongee de taille moyenne d'un dispositif metrologique base sur la mesure en continu des flux de pollution a l'entree et a la sortie des differents bassins. Un automate assure la gestion de la station par temps de pluie. Son role est de gerer le debit entrant en fonction de la hauteur des boues dans le decanteur secondaire, qui est le point sensible de la station. La mise en oeuvre du systeme de mesures sur une periode de plus de deux ans a permis de mettre en avant les possibilites et les limites des capteurs optiques. La fiabilite et la justesse de la mesure sont encore a ameliorer. Neanmoins, si leur reponse n'est pas fiable dans l'absolu, leur apport dans la comprehension et la connaissance de la dynamique du process est indeniable. La mesure de hauteur du voile de boues est en revanche une information fiable, dont l'integration dans un systeme de controle dynamique est un atout pour la fiabilisation generale des stations. Des volumes supplementaires non negligeables peuvent etre admis par temps de pluie, d'autant plus que l'affluent en debut d'evenement est tres pollue. Par contre, il est indispensable que la station soit en conditions d'exploitation optimales. L'admission de surcharges perturbe tres peu la clarification. Pour la pollution organique, les surcharges de quelques heures n'ont pas de consequences significatives, mais des investigations supplementaires seraient necessaires pour celles de longue duree. Le suivi du fonctionnement de la station et les experimentations sur sites nous ont permis d'ameliorer le modele classique de decanteur. Bien que celui-ci soit encore imparfait, son integration dans un systeme de controle et de supervision de la station, en liaison avec la mesure de hauteur du voile de boues et du taux de boues serait benefique a la gestion du process.
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ZAIED, NIZAR. "Comportement du decanteur secondaire d'une station d'epuration a boues activees en aeration prolongee soumise a des pointes de debit etude experimentale sur le site de serent (morbihan)". Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13067.
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L'admission prolongee sur une station d'epuration biologique de debits superieurs a sa capacite en pointe peut avoir des consequences desastreuses sur la decantation secondaire. On peut neanmoins admettre temporairement des debits importants. Cette possibilite peut etre precieuse lorsque des apports parasites viennent s'ajouter aux eaux usees en temps de pluie. On a donc cherche a preciser la notion de capacite hydraulique de pointe et a la quantifier, en se basant sur une demarche experimentale, appliquee a une station d'epuration communale de 1000 e. H. De nombreuses experimentations de surcharges artificielles ont ete realisees, et analysees et une premiere approche de la modelisation du transfert physique des masses de boues a ete realisee. Il apparait que la capacite du decanteur a stocker des boues peut etre mise a profit pour admettre des volumes supplementaires d'effluents sur la filiere de traitement. Ces volumes dependent du debit de surcharge, mais aussi de la duree admissible d'un stockage en anoxie. Par ailleurs le taux de boues, reel ou apparent (arret du brassage), joue un role decisif sur la capacite de traitement, que ce soit en regime permanent ou en pointe. Enfin la theorie des flux a ete globalement verifiee, et si les modeles classiques de decantation utilisant cette theorie ont presente quelques limitations, ils ne s'en sont pas moins pretes a l'elaboration d'une forme simplifiee, utile pour tester des strategies d'exploitation sur de longues chroniques
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Dias, Wércio de Freitas. "Potencialidade da recirculação do lodo de decantadores de alta taxa em ETAs convencionais". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.277.
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O tratamento físico-químico da água em ETAs convencionais gera resíduos, denominados de lodo de ETA, cuja destinação constitui um desafio sob os aspectos econômicos, técnicos e ambientais. A disposição deste resíduo pelas ETAs do Brasil tem sido os corpos d’água, portanto, sob a ótica da minimização de impactos ambientais e economia de água, o trabalho avalia a possibilidade de reutilização do lodo de um decantador de alta taxa (DATx), através do procedimento de recirculação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com dados da ETA Renato de Freitas, Uberlândia – MG, que apresenta configuração de estação convencional. A caracterização da água de lavagem dos filtros (ALF) foi utilizada como parâmetro norteador para o equacionamento das descargas do lodo do DATx, uma vez que, a recirculação da ALF é uma prática adotada em ETAs. Para isto, foi avaliada a turbidez do lodo do DATx durante a abertura da válvula de descarga para os tempos de operação de 6, 12 e 24 h. Definido o tempo de operação do DATx, para descarga do lodo, foi proposto um pré-tratamento por ensaios de sedimentação, seguido dos ensaios de recirculação do lodo bruto e clarificado, nas taxas de 2 e 4%, em jarras de Jar Test. O equacionamento do DATx mostrou que após um tempo de 6 h de operação o lodo apresenta turbidez (39 UNT) aproximada ao valor encontrado na ALF (45 UNT) e ausência dos protozoários, Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. Para a taxa de 2%, a recirculação com lodo bruto ou clarificado produziu uma água decantada com valores de turbidez remanescente inferiores a 2,8 UNT. Enquanto, a taxa de 4%, a não clarificação do lodo, conduziu ao maior valor de turbidez remanescente (9 UNT). Os resultados ainda demonstraram ser possível obter redução na dosagem de coagulante de 4 a 13%, mantendo a qualidade da água decantadaThe physico-chemical treatment of water in conventional ETAs generates waste, called ETA sludge, whose destination is a challenge under the economic, technical and environmental aspects. The disposal of this residue by Brazilian ETAs has been the water bodies, therefore, from the point of view of the minimization of environmental impacts and water economy, the work evaluates the possibility of reuse of the sludge from a high rate decanter (DATx), through the recirculation procedure. The research was developed with data from ETA Renato de Freitas, Uberlândia - MG, which presents a conventional station configuration the characterization of the filter wash water (ALF) was used as the guiding parameter for the DATx sludge discharges, since recirculation of the ALF is a practice adopted in ETAs. For this, the turbidity of the DATx sludge during the opening of the discharge valve was evaluated for the operating times of 6, 12 and 24 h. Once the DATx operating time was reached, a pretreatment was proposed for sedimentation tests, followed by the crude and clarified sludge recirculation tests, at 2 and 4% rates, in Jar Test jars. The DATx equation showed that after a 6 hour operation the sludge presented turbidity (39UNT) approximately to the value found in ALF (45 UNT) and absence of protozoa, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. At the rate of 2%, recirculation with crude or clarified sludge yielded decanted water with remaining turbidity values below 2.8 NTU. Meanwhile, the 4% rate, the non-clarification of the sludge, led to the highest remaining turbidity value (9 UNT). The results showed that it is possible to obtain a reduction in the coagulant dosage of 4 to 13%, maintaining the quality of the water decanted
Dissertação (Mestrado)
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Heber, Dominici Victoria Blanca. "Design Improvement of a Water Recirculation System for a Cooling Process in a Tobacco Manufacturing Plant". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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In the industrial sector, it is possible to observe unexpected behaviours of processes, which were not anticipated in the design stage. Such is the case of a secondary cooling process existing within a tobacco manufacturing plant, which was initially designed to cool and recover clean process water with chilled water for posterior recirculation into the main cooling process. It has been observed that under the design flowrates the plate and frame heat exchanger where the process water is cooled is rapidly clogged by suspended solids coming from the main cooling process, resulting in both high maintenance costs and frequent product ion downtime due to necessary intervention for mechanical cleaning.
The aim of this thesis project is to evaluate and design process improvements providing sustainable solutions, reducing the operative costs existing nowadays and avoiding any damage on the plate and frame heat exchanger.
Any process design solution asks for a capital investment, which was also considered in the overall analysis of the alternatives within this study.
Within the evaluation of the possible modifications, solid/liquid separation was mostly studied, together with the selection and design of an appropriate heat exchanger for the given process. After a preliminary screening, a reduced number of alternatives were analysed in detail to assess their possible application. Few alternatives to solving the problem have been studied, in spite of having a wide variety of options.
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Jues, Thomas. "Modélisation et simulation des gaz de blow-by dans un décanteur automobile". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564743.
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L'objectif de cette thèse sur la modélisation des décanteurs automobiles est de mettre au point un outil de simulation numérique permettant de se substituer à un banc organe pour déterminer l'efficacité des décanteurs à l'étape de conception. Après avoir étudié la composition du blow-by sur banc moteur et cela pour différents points de fonctionnement du moteur, nous avons pu comparer la pertinence des différents outils de mesure granulométrique choisis (PCS, ELPI, TEOM) en fonction du spectre granulométrique émis par le moteur. Le PCS a été retenu comme l'outil le plus adéquat en fonction des tailles de gouttes sur lesquelles nous souhaitions avoir des informations. En parallèle, nous avons mené des investigations pour mettre au point une méthodologie de calcul permettant de simuler l'efficacité du décanteur. Le suivi des particules d'huile s'effectue grâce à une simulation lagrangienne. Les forces à prendre en compte ont été déterminées grâce à des expériences numériques simples permettant de verifier si les différentes expressions de ces forces trouvées dans la littérature étaient compatibles des conditions de calculs rencontrées dans les décanteurs. Une autre question soulevée par l'utilisation d'une modélisation lagrangienne dans la littérature, est celle de la prise en compte ou non de la dispersion turbulente. L'étude proposée dans cette thèse nous a permis de montrer que l'implémentation d'un modèle de dispersion turbulente rudimentaire ne permet pas d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants. La faisabilité de la mise au point d'une méthodologie de calcul fiable de l'efficacité du décanteur repose finalement sur la modification du type de maillage utilisé ainsi que le traitement du calcul de l'écoulement à la paroi. Nous avons montré dans cette thèse que la mise en place d'un maillage raffiné aux parois reposant sur des prismes avec un Y+ =1, associé à une loi de parois à deux couches permettait d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants en terme de prédiction de l'efficacité du décanteur.
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Jiang, Huanzheng. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale des écoulements de boues activées dans un décanteur lamellaire". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10030.
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Afin d'apprehender les phenomenes hydrodynamiques intervenant dans les decanteurs lamellaires de boues activees et d'etablir des guides de dimensionnement de ces ouvrages, une etude experimentale de la decantation lamellaire de suspensions polydispersees floculantes est presentee. Le decanteur lamellaire pilote est dimensionne a une seule plaque dont la longueur et l'ecartement interplaque sont equivalents a ceux utilises dans la pratique. Il fonctionne a contre-courant avec des boues activees de moyenne a forte charge. Une formule semi-empirique a ete etablie pour decrire l'evolution du niveau de voile de boue dans le decanteur lamellaire. Il est montre que la vitesse de hazen maximale admissible avant le depart des boues dans le decanteur depend uniquement du volume corrige des boues. Pour une boue donnee, la profondeur du voile de boues dans le decanteur evolue proportionnellement avec la vitesse de hazen appliquee. De plus, une base de donnees locales portant sur la distribution de vitesse et de concentration dans l'espace interplaque a ete etablie. Il est montre que la sensibilite du decanteur a un changement de debit est controlee par la distribution de la concentration volumique assimilee ici au volume corrige. La sensibilite est plus forte lorsque les boues se structurent en un reseau lie, occupant la plus grande partie du decanteur. On compare par ailleurs la structure locale des ecoulements de boues a celle predite par acrivos et herbolzheimer dans le cas de suspensions solides. Enfin, des consequences pratiques pour le dimensionnement et l'amelioration de ce procede de separation sont exposees.
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Solastiouk, Pierre. "Application de l'extraction liquide-liquide au traitement et a la revalorisation d'effluents industriels". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13140.
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Proposition d'une nouvelle approche de l'elimination des effluents des ateliers de traitement de surface. Separation zinc/nickel en solution concentree et separation du chrome hexavalent dans des effluents chromates
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"A Boy From Decatur: A Posthumous Memoir". TopSCHOLAR, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/132.
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Nunes, José Ricardo de Assis. "O polimorfismo R577X do gene da α-actitina 3 (ACTN3) em atletas de elite brasileiros de decatlo". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/7377.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Desporto, Especialização em Avaliação e Prescrição na Atividade FísicaIntrodução: O decatlo é uma modalidade desportiva composta por dez provas de atletismo, cumpridas durante dois dias. A performance desportiva nesta modalidade exige uma combinação óptima de diferentes capacidades, nomeadamente resistência, força, velocidade e agilidade. As pesquisas científicas no domínio da biotecnologia e da genética têm identificado um número crescente de genes candidatos com efeito significativo na performance desportiva. Salienta-se em vários estudos de associação que o polimorfismo R577X do gene da alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) influencia o desempenho desportivo em atletas de diferentes modalidades. A presença desta proteína funcional (α-actinina 3, ACTN3), enquanto componente estrutural da linha Z do músculo esquelético, parece contribuir para as variações de potência muscular e de velocidade efetiva de contração muscular. Contudo, carecem estudos que determinem o efeito deste polimorfismo no desempenho desportivo no decatlo. Objetivo: Verificar se a variação genética da região R577X do locus ACTN3 apresenta relação com o desempenho desportivo na prova do decatlo. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 31 atletas de decatlo do gênero masculino, com idade de 18 a 50 (anos). O desempenho desportivo mais recente foi registado nas 10 provas que compõem o decatlo, distintas em provas de velocidade, saltos, arremesso e de lançamento. Procedeu-se à extração do ADN dos sujeitos, recorrendo-se à aplicação dos sítios polimórficos do gene ACTN3 através da técnica modificada de reação em cadeira de polimerase (PCR). Os dados foram agrupados e analisados estatisticamente, tendo sido considerado significativo um valor de P ≤ 0.05. Resultados: Foram identificadas correlações fortes e significativas no desempenho desportivo em particular entre os eventos de velocidade, saltos, arremesso e lançamentos. Foram obtidas as seguintes frequências genotípicas do polimorfismo R577X do ACTN3: RR=51.6% e RX=48.4%, RR=0%. Foi identificado um excesso do alelo R (0.76, p<0.01) nestes atletas. Contudo, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no desempenho desportivo (pontuação) entre os grupos genotípicos (RR vs RX). Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos confirmam a importância do gene ACTN3 como um marcador genético útil na seleção específica em decatletas de elite brasileira, embora pareça limitado o seu efeito isolado no desempenho desportivo nas diferentes provas.
Introduction: The decathlon is a sport consists of ten track and field events, met for two days. The sporting performance in this mode requires an optimal combination of different capacities, including endurance, strength, speed and agility. Scientific research in the field of biotechnology and genetics have identified a growing number of candidate genes with significant effect on sports performance. It is noted in several studies of association that the R577X polymorphism of the alpha-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) influences sports performance in athletes of different modalities. The presence of the functional protein (α-actinin 3, ACTN3), as a structural component of skeletal muscle Z-line, appears to contribute to the changes of muscle power and the effective speed of muscle contraction. However, require studies to determine the effect of this polymorphism in sports performance in the decathlon. Objective: To determine if the genetic variation of R577X region of ACTN3 locus is correlated with sporting performance in the decathlon event. Methods: The sample consisted of 31 decathlon athletes males, aged 18-50 (years). The latest sports performance was recorded in 10 events that make up the decathlon, different in speed events, jumping, throwing and release. It proceeded to the extraction of DNA from the subject, resorting to the application of the polymorphic sites in the ACTN3 gene by polymerase chair in modified reaction (PCR). Data were grouped and analyzed statistically and were considered significant at P ≤ 0:05. Results: Strong and significant correlations were identified in sports performance in particular between the speed of events, jumping and throwing and throwing. RR = 51.6% and RX = 48.4%, RR = 0%: The following genotype frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism were obtained. An allele of excess R been identified (0.76, p <0.01) in these athletes. However, there were no significant differences in sports performance (score) between the genotype groups (RR vs RX). Conclusion: The results confirm the importance of ACTN3 gene as a useful genetic marker in specific selection in decatletas Brazilian elite, although it seems limited its isolated effect on sporting performance in the tests.
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Huang, Tzu-Jung y 黃姿蓉. "The structural study of the DNA decamer containing one G:T mismatch". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74968463281912022198.
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碩士國立中興大學
基因體暨生物資訊學研究所
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The DNA mismatches can lead to cell carcinogenesis as well as many hereditary diseases. The G:T mismatch base pair occurs due to the spontaneous hydrolytic deamination of 5 methyl cytosine (5mC) which causes the G:C base-pair to be mutated into the G:T. Previous studies has shown that the Human Thymine DNA Glycosylase (TDG) and Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 (MBD4) can repair the G:T mismatch by removing the mispaired thymine. In the current study, we design the DNA duplex 5''-TTCGGCTCAA-3’ containing G:T mismatch at position 7 to carry out the circular dichroism (CD) spectra analysis and the melting temperature (Tm) studies which indicates that the G:T mismatch has the similar confirmation as that of the B-from DNA in solution. Moreover, the CD spectra for the G:T mismatch is similar to that of the G-C but not A-T. In the stability experiments, the melting temperature of the G:T mismatch was found significantly 13 degrees more than that of G:C base pair. Previous studies have shown that the salt ions and polyamines affect the thermal stability of DNA. In our experiments, addition of spermine can enhance the thermal stability for mismatch-containing thymine (T), however, the G: T mismatch still has a 10 degrees gap than G-C in stability with respect to the Tm. We also carried out the purification of TDG protein. The purified TDG will be used for fluorescence spectroscopy with the G:T mismatch and G-C base-pair DNA. In fluorescence spectroscopy TDG will recognize G:T mismatch. The difference between the cytosine (C) and the thymine (T) is that the thymine has an extra methyl group than that of cytosine. Thus to investigate the effect of a methyl difference on structural stability, we designed the sequence 5''-TTCGGCTCAA-3 ''and 5''-TTGGGCCGAA-3''. The structure of the double helix containing a G: T mismatch at 7th position, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The crystal structure at the resolution of 1.63 Å was obtained. The G: T mismatch crystal structure was refined to get the R value of 24%, containing 198 crystal water and 4 nickel ions. The G:T mismatch adopts a "wobble" confirmation with the thymine and guanine projecting into the major groove and minor groove respectively. Thus, the G:T mismatch containing double helix showed almost no deformation and maintained the normal B-from the of DNA. The G:T mismatch structure analyzed in this study was also compared with the previously reported structures. The base parameters of this structure were defined by using w3DNA server and were compared with the modeled B-DNA. It was found that in the G:T, the structure at the location of mismatch has changed significantly, unlike the Watson-Crick base pair. Overall, the experimental results of this study can be used to explain the reasons why G: T mismatch can be identified by TDG.
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Alves, Daniel da Silva. "Otimização do arrefecimento de um armário de telecomunicações através de um permutador de calor ar-solo". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9725.
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A área das redes de comunicação e telecomunicações é uma das mais importantes da atualidade no contexto das novas tecnologias. As telecomunicações têm ganho uma extrema importância e relevância na vida da sociedade em geral, forçando a aquisição, por parte das empresas fornecedoras destes serviços, de mais equipamentos e dispositivos que assegurem a pronta prestação desses serviços, com a adequada cobertura geográfica. Entre os dispositivos que constituem as redes de comunicação móveis, encontram-se os armários onde são alojados os equipamentos de rádio e o restante equipamento que permite comunicar com as estações móveis (telemóveis). Estes armários apresentam características construtivas específicas e são dotados de um sistema de arrefecimento que deve garantir uma a temperatura interna de funcionamento inferior a 55 °C. Os sistemas de arrefecimento podem consumir de 30% a 50% da eletricidade total da instalação, devido ao facto de existir a necessidade de arrefecimento quase todo o ano.
Posto isto, o presente estudo avalia um método passivo para o arrefecimento de um armário de telecomunicações, baseado na utilização de um permutador de calor ar-solo. De modo a simular a carga térmica dissipada pelos equipamentos de telecomunicações, foi instalada uma resistência elétrica no interior do armário de telecomunicações, que possibilitou estudar a variação da temperatura interna do armário através da realização de vários ensaios com diferentes cargas térmicas dissipadas. Posteriormente, foi analisado o desempenho do sistema de arrefecimento ensaiado, tendo como base a monitorização da temperatura no interior do armário e ao longo do permutador. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que a utilização de um permutador de calor ar-solo possui capacidades de melhorar a temperatura interna de funcionamento do armário comparativamente aos sistemas de ventilação forçada. Em simultâneo com este trabalho foi realizado outro estudo, que se baseou em analisar as variações da temperatura do solo em três locais da cidade da Covilhã, permitindo assim, conhecer o padrão da temperatura apresentado pelo solo, metro a metro, até aos 5 metros de profundidade. Os dados obtidos deste estudo, mostram que a amplitude térmica tende a diminuir com o aumento da profundidade e que a temperatura a qualquer profundidade tende a permanecer constante ao longo de 24 horas.The area of telecommunications and communication networks is one of the most important in the current context of new technologies. Telecommunications have gained an extreme importance and relevance in the life of society, forcing companies that provide these services to increasingly acquire equipment and devices to ensure the prompt provision of these services with the appropriate geographic coverage. Among the devices that compose the mobile communication networks are the cabinets where the radio equipment is housed and other equipment that allows communication with mobile stations (mobile phones). These cabinets have specific constructional characteristics and are provided with a cooling system which must ensure an internal operating temperature of less than 55°C. In order to assure the interior’s cooling of these cabinets one can resort having diverse cooling systems. These can consume 30% to 50% of the total electricity from the facility due to need for cooling almost all year round. Therefore, the present study evaluates a passive method for the cooling of a telecommunications cabinet based on an earth to air heat exchanger. In order to simulate the thermal load dissipated by the telecommunications equipment, an electrical resistance was installed inside the cabinet, which allowed to study the cabinet’s internal temperature variation by conducting several tests with different dissipated thermal loads. Subsequently, the tested cooling system’s performance was analysed based on the temperature monitoring inside the cabinet and along the exchanger. The results of this study reveal that the use of an earth to air heat exchanger has the capability to improve the cabinet’s internal operation temperature compared to forced ventilation systems. Concurrently, another study was carried out, which was based on the analysis of soil temperature variations on three locations in the city of Covilhã, allowing to know the soil temperature pattern, meter by meter, up to a depth of 5 meters. The data acquired shows that the thermal amplitude tends to decrease with increasing depth and that the temperature at any depth tends to remain constant over 24 hours.
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Corti, Ferdinando, Bruno Zanoni y Lorenzo Guerrini. "Innovation in extra virgin olive oil (evoo) processing". Doctoral thesis, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1300080.
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The thesis was motivated by the need to enrich the current knowledge in the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) processing. In particular, the experimental studies focused on critical issue for the EVOO quality, related to three different fundamental operations: the olive fruit storage before milling, the temperature control during malaxation and the cross-batch contamination in the decanter centrifuge. The innovative features of the research work concerned both the plant and machines and the methodological approaches for the study of the relationship between the operative parameters/ procedures and EVOO quality.