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1
Erbring, Lutz. "Individuals Writ Large: An Epilogue on the “Ecological Fallacy”". Political Analysis 1 (1989): 235–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/1.1.235.
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For more than three decades, social scientists have struggled with the statistical consequences of aggregation. Ever since Robinson (1950) first shocked a whole generation of social scientists with his demonstration of the “ecological fallacy,” much has been written about alleged fallacies, biases, pitfalls, and hazards of one kind or another lurking behind aggregate data and about strategies for circumventing them (Goodman, 1953, 1959; Blalock 1964; Scheuch 1966; Alker 1969; Shively 1969, 1974; Hannan 1971; Hammond 1973; Meckstroth 1974; Hanushek, Jackson, and Kain 1974; Hannan and Burstein 1974; Irwin and Lichtman 1976; Smith 1977; Langbein and Lichtman 1978). Intrigued—or alarmed—by the recurrent observation that correlations and regressions based on aggregate data (group means) often differ dramatically from those based on individual data, researchers have sought to answer the traditional question of ecological analysis: under what conditions can inferences to individual-level (micro) relationships be made from group-level (macro) data?
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Walker, Merle F. "Past and Present Studies Relating to the Illumination of the Night Sky". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003699.
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During the period from 1965-1977, I was engaged in a program of selecting and acquiring a new dark sky site in California for the Lick Observatory. Even though the effort was, in the end, unsuccessful, this work did lead to several important advances in our understanding of the general problem of optimizing optical-region astronomical observing conditions. These included: 1)The development of the polar star trail method of seeing measurement (Harlan and Walker 1965; Walker 1971).2)Definition of the conditions required to optimize the seeing through the use of the polar star trail method of measurement at a number of potential and established observing sites around the world (Walker 1970, 1971, 1983, 1984; McInnes and Walker 1974).3)Demonstration of the widespread effects of atmospheric pollution in reducing photometric quality at potential sites in California (Walker 1970).4)The first extensive study of the effects of light pollution on astronomical observations.
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Toepker, Terrence P. "A center of gravity demonstration [Phys. Teach. 15, 241 (April 1977)]". Physics Teacher 41, n.º 9 (diciembre de 2003): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1631630.
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Quint, Walter Q. "A demonstration of moment of inertia [Phys. Teach. 15, 546 (Dec. 1977)]". Physics Teacher 41, n.º 8 (noviembre de 2003): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1625213.
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Weinstock, J. y Stephen Burk. "Theoretical pressure–strain term, experimental comparison, and resistance to large anisotropy". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 154 (mayo de 1985): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112085001604.
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Although models of the pressure–strain term explain many features of nearly uniform homogeneous shear flows, a discrepancy remains (Leslie 1980). It is suggested that the discrepancy is caused by use of an empirical expression for the fluctuation part of the pressure–strain term, the part usually denoted by ϕij,1. The discrepancy is eliminated by replacement of the empirical ϕij,1 with a recent theoretical expression. Relatedly, the Launder, Reece & Rodi (1975) model for the mean-field part ϕij,2 is shown to be a good approximation for both a strongly and weakly sheared flow. This model of ϕij,2 when combined with the theoretical ϕij,1 is found to provide an explanation for experiments of both Champagne, Harris & Corrsin (1970) and Harris, Graham & Corrsin (1977). Full correction requires that deviations from local isotropy be accounted for. Special emphasis is given to a theoretical demonstration that the pressure–strain term does not cause a retun to isotropy but, rather, it resists large anisotropy – a weaker effect.
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Wood, John M. "Developing vaccines against pandemic influenza". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, n.º 1416 (29 de diciembre de 2001): 1953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0981.
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Pandemic influenza presents special problems for vaccine development. There must be a balance between rapid availability of vaccine and the safeguards to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of vaccine. Vaccine was developed for the pandemics of 1957, 1968, 1977 and for the pandemic alert of 1976. This experience is compared with that gained in developing vaccines for a possible H5N1 pandemic in 1997–1998. Our ability to mass produce influenza vaccines against a pandemic threat was well illustrated by the production of over 150 million doses of ‘swine flu’ vaccine in the USA within a 3 month period in 1976. However, there is cause for concern that the lead time to begin vaccine production is likely to be about 7–8 months. Attempts to reduce this time should receive urgent attention. Immunogenicity of vaccines in pandemic situations is compared over the period 1968–1998. A consistent feature of the vaccine trials is the demonstration that one conventional 15μg haemagglutinin dose of vaccine is not sufficiently immunogenic in naive individuals. Much larger doses or two lower doses are needed to induce satisfactory immunity. There is some evidence that whole–virus vaccines are more immunogenic than split or subunit vaccines, but this needs substantiating by further studies. H5 vaccines appeared to be particularly poor immunogens and there is evidence that an adjuvant may be needed. Prospects for improving the development of pandemic vaccines are discussed.
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Petran, Horia, Szabolcs Varga y Noémi Fogas. "Experimental Nearly Zero Energy Building with Green Technology – Renovation Pilot through Passive House Expertise". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103029.
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The paper presents the preliminary planning of a demonstration pilot for exemplary renovation of an existing building (“Solar House 1 – Campina”) towards nZEB level using Passive House principles and technologies. The “Solar House” was one of the lighthouses of solar energy developments in the ‘80s in Romania, being built in 1977-1978 in Campina (Centre-South Romania) and represented an experimental building using innovative solar technologies for DHW preparation, active and passive space heating. The decision of transforming the existing building in a demonstration pilot nZEB with green materials was taken and the feasibility study is currently underway. The pilot aims to analyse and test, the cost effectiveness of Passive House (PH) technologies integration in a deep renovation process with the view to achieve the fixed nZEB levels, as an exemplary case study demonstrating the benefits and feasibility of applying PH principles and energy performance evaluation in real context. Both approaches of applying the renovation standard EnerPHit and targeting Passive House criteria are discussed together with the nZEB targets, while the analysis of technical (energy performance) and economic (total costs) feasibility is presented. The proposed building will act as a training and consultancy centre in Campina - created as a model for achieving greater energy efficiency and environmental responsibility in Romania.
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Shield, Andrew D. J. "The Legacies of the Stonewall Riots in Denmark and the Netherlands". History Workshop Journal 89 (2020): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbz051.
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Abstract The Netherlands and Denmark housed Europe’s first two postwar homophile organizations, and by the 1960s, activists were already debating anti-homosexual laws in national media (in the Netherlands) demonstrating publicly; thus Stonewall was not the origin of activism in either of these countries. Yet the events in New York City 1969 had two lasting influences in these countries: first, Stonewall catalyzed a transnational ‘consciousness’ (or solidarity) among gay and lesbian activists during a period of radicalization; and second, the Christopher Street Liberation Day 1970 inspired the visible demonstrations known today as ‘Pride’ celebrations. From 1971, Denmark’s national organization planned Christopher Street Day demonstrations every June; and that same year, a radical Gay Liberation Front split off from the association. From 1977, the Netherlands planned its own late-June demonstrations, often with transnational themes (e.g. Anita Bryant in 1977, the Iranian Revolution in 1979). In the following decades, these demonstrations of gay/lesbian visibility moved to August, and Denmark (and Belgium) dropped Christopher Street from event names. Yet scholars, activists, and the general public still evoke the memory of the first Liberation Day when referring to a ‘post-Stonewall’ era in the Netherlands and Denmark.
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Stroink, G., E. Guptill y R. March. "The straight-line kinematics of a student, a fun demonstration [Phys. Teach. 15, 237 (April 1977)]". Physics Teacher 41, n.º 7 (octubre de 2003): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1616488.
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Iagaru, Andrei y Michael E. Siegel. "Demonstration of a right inguinal hernia containing urinary bladder diverticulum on whole-body bone scan and pelvic CT". European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 33, n.º 2 (13 de diciembre de 2005): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-005-1977-7.
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Smits, Jozef. "La localisation des lieux de manifestation en Belgique". Res Publica 28, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 1986): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v28i1.19190.
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The analysis of demonstration locations classified by degree of urbanization shows that demonstrating is an urban phenomenon. Seldom are demonstrations held in thinly populated residential areas. A demonstration can thus be considered among the farms of political action for which the participation stimulating factors are clearly more present in urban areas than in rural areas.The distribution of the demonstrations over the regions indicates that more demonstrating is done in Flanders than in Wallonia. Flemings and 'walloons, moreover, appeared in the streets for different points of confiict during the period from 1953 to 1974.Demonstrations with ideological themes overwhelmingly, and communitarian themes mostly, occurred in Flanders ; demonstrations for socioeconomic purposes occurred mostly in Wallonia. Demonstrations in the capital, Brussels, had the most participants on the average in general andalso for the three conflict areas.
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Públio, Nestor Soares, Go Tani y Edison De Jesus Manoel. "Effects of demonstration and verbal instruction on the learning of olympic gymnastics motor skills". Revista Paulista de Educação Física 9, n.º 2 (20 de diciembre de 1995): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1995.139474.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da demonstração e instrução verbal na aquisição de habilidades motoras da ginástica olímpica através de dois experimentos realizados numa situação real de ensino-aprendizagem. Grupos experimentais submetidos a três diferentes condições de aprendizagem - demonstração, instrução verbal e demonstração mais instrução verbal - foram comparados. Os resultados mostraram a superioridade dos grupos demonstração e demonstração mais instrução verbal em relação ao grupo instrução verbal. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos demonstração e demonstração mais instrução verbal. Estes resultados, discutidos à luz das proposições teóricas de Bandura (1977, 1986), foram interpretados no sentido de que a imagem mental do movimento a ser executado, obtida através da observação da demonstração, pode ser especialmente importante em crianças menores quando habilidades verbais acerca dos movimentos ainda não estão suficientemente desenvolvidas para que seus aspectos espaciais e temporais possam ser adequadamente representados verbalmente
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Klein, Claudia y Alessandro Massolo. "Demonstration That a Case of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis in Minnesota in 1977 was Caused by the N2 Strain". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2015): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0484.
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Townsend, Elizabeth. "Strategies for Community Occupational Therapy Program Development". Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 54, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841748705400204.
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Occupational therapists who wish to see services expand in community settings must be prepared to take an active role in program development. The article examines 12 program development strategies which are illustrated using the experience of developing a rural program in a social service system. Community occupational therapy services in Prince Edward Island were initially developed, from 1977 to 1979, by a small group of occupational therapists. The group obtained Federal Welfare Demonstration Grant funding for a pilot project which was administered by the provincial Department of Social Services. In 1979, the Prince Edward Island Provincial Government approved ongoing funding for an Island-wide community occupational therapy service.
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Ferguson, G. P., A. W. Pieneman, R. F. Jansen y A. Ter Maat. "NEURONAL FEEDBACK IN EGG-LAYING BEHAVIOUR OF THE POND SNAIL LYMNAEA STAGNALIS". Journal of Experimental Biology 178, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 1993): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.178.1.251.
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The egg-laying behaviour of gastropod molluscs is controlled by peptidergic neuroendocrine cells and has provided an important experimental system for behavioural neurobiology. The genes that code for multiple peptides have been sequenced and the peptides themselves have been identified, thus enabling us to investigate how they act on the nervous system to produce the overt behavioural pattern (reviewed by Geraerts et al. 1988). The two animals that have been studied most extensively are the opisthobranch Aplysia californica and the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis. In both cases, the peptidergic neurones controlling egg laying are normally electrically silent (both in vivo and in vitro; Kupfermann, 1967; Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Kits, 1980; Ter Maat et al. 1986) and produce multiple peptides (Rothman et al. 1983; Geraerts et al. 1985; Sigvardt et al. 1986), which are cleaved from a common protein precursor (Scheller et al. 1983; Vreugdenhil et al. 1988). Before egg laying, the cells produce a long-lasting discharge of action potentials (Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Ter Maat et al. 1986). This electrical discharge initiates egg-laying behaviour, and during it the peptides (one of which initiates ovulation) are released into the blood. The demonstration, in Aplysia californica, that these peptides could have various effects on the activity of central neurones (reviewed by Mayeri and Rothman, 1985) led to the hypothesis that egg-laying behaviour is a neuroendocrine fixed action pattern controlled and coordinated by the concerted actions of the released peptides (Scheller and Axel, 1984). This hypothesis is also thought to apply to Lymnaea stagnalis (Vreugdenhil et al. 1988) because of the structural similarities between precursors of Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis egg-laying hormones. In this paper we investigate how the sequence of the various components of the egg-laying behaviour pattern is achieved.
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Brierley, James A. "Biohydrometallurgy – This Microbiologist´s Perspective". Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (julio de 2007): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.3.
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My perceptions of the biohydrometallurgical field span four decades and stem from being a professional microbiologist conducting academic research and research for process development and applications. My experiences have given me an appreciation for knowledge gained through fundamental research and the transfer of this knowledge to development of commercial scale applications of microbial processes. The symposia series for international activities in biohydrometallurgy has been a major factor in advancing knowledge and applications for microbial bioleach systems. The first international biohydrometallurgy meeting was held in Braunschweig, Germany in 1977. This was the predecessor for the International Biohydrometallurgy Symposia. As evident from the Symposia, advances in development and applications of biohydrometallurgy technologies follow an evolutionary, rather than revolutionary progression from demonstration of knowledge at the laboratory scale to engineering commercial plants.
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Paaren, Kyle M., Micah Gale, Matthew J. Kerr, Pavel Medvedev y Douglas Porter. "Initial demonstration of automated fuel performance modeling with 1977 EBR-II metallic fuel pins using BISON code with FIPD and IMIS databases". Nuclear Engineering and Design 382 (octubre de 2021): 111393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111393.
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Whalen, Christina, Lauren Franke y Laura Lara-Brady. "Teaching Social Skills Using Video Modeling Interventions". Perspectives on School-Based Issues 12, n.º 2 (junio de 2011): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi12.2.41.
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Difficulty with social skills is a distinctive characteristic of many students with special needs, even those with mild disabilities. The literature supports many approaches to teaching social skills, yet many of these interventions require one-on-one intensive training for implementation, and/or are being conducted in laboratory or clinical settings rather than in naturalistic environments. As technology is becoming a growing component of social skills intervention through the use of Smartboards, Ipads, computers, and other electronic devices, an increasingly popular method with equal support from the literature is the use of video modeling—a demonstration of a desired behavior that the student imitates. The purpose of this article is to describe Bandura's (1977) view of learning and how this theory relates to the use of video modeling for the purpose of social skills intervention. The authors also will provide an overview of current products that are available to provide social skills intervention using video modeling.
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Batur, Ayse Lucie. "An Example of a Diachronic Imagination from the Gezi Uprising". Protest, Vol. 4, no. 2 (2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m7.068.art.
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Gezi Uprising was a wave of popular protests and horizontal mobilizations that emerged at the urban center of Istanbul against the destruction of a public park at the end of May 2013 and then quickly spread across the country. Gezi Uprising was marked by a revolutionary visual strategy of commoning images and repurposing them and this helped connect many protesting neighborhoods and locations, and their specific grievances. Along this synchronic imagination of the protest, the circulation of images also fostered a diachronic imagination that connected past struggles and experiences with the current ones, creating a sense of temporal connections of experiences of this newly imagined community. The photocollages of graphic designer and artist Füsun Turcan Elmasoğlu illustrates the mode through which the heightened diachronic imagination was fostered by the collective creativity during the uprising. Elmasoğlu created collages by bringing images that belong to the same place but 38 years apart; images from the large Labor Day demonstration at Taksim Square in 1977, “the Bloody May 1” together with current images of the square. Keywords: Gezi Park, protest, radical imagination, social movements, visual culture
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Hathaway, Dale K. "Birthday Lies". Mathematics Teacher 96, n.º 4 (abril de 2003): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.96.4.0244.
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The “Birthday Problem,” as posed by Richard von Mises in 1939, is well-known and is often demonstrated in classrooms. The demonstration often involves an informal wager. The teacher may make a claim similar to the following: “I bet that if we check the birthdays of the members of this class, we will find that at least two students have birthdays in the same month and on the same day.” Students love to win any informal wager with a teacher, since one-upmanship can be a powerful motivator. However, how badly do they want to win? What if some students in the class are less than truthful about the date of their birthdays so that they can try to cause the teacher to lose the bet? At the very least, these birthday lies would probably prolong the length of time needed for a birthday match to occur. But how many birthdays do we need to check to achieve the probability of a match that is better than 50 percent? Spencer (1977) dealt with dishonest students in a variation of the birthday problem. Analyzing this situation provides another generalization of the ever-popular classic birthday problem.
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Syed, A. y K. Graham. "RESPONSE OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS, TO ETHANOL IN A LABORATORY OLFACTOMETER". Canadian Entomologist 119, n.º 5 (mayo de 1987): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119489-5.
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Graham (1968) demonstrated that logs became attractive to ambrosia beetles after the sapwood was subjected to anaerobic conditions. Pursuing this lead, Cade et al. (1970) and Moeck (1970a, 1970b, 1971) extracted, analyzed, and bioassayed anaerobic products from western hemlock and Douglas-fir trees and ascertained that ethanol was the principal “primary attractant” to the ambrosia beetles, Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) and Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), respectively. The demonstration that ethanol enhanced the response of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, to its aggregation pheromones frontalin and seudenol (Pitrnan et al. 1975) suggested that ethanol could also be involved in the primary attraction of or host recognition by bark beetles. We report that the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is arrested to ethanol in a laboratorv olfactometer.
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Zammuto, Richard M. y Paul W. Sherman. "A comparison of time-specific and cohort-specific life tables for Belding's ground squirrels, Spermophilus beldingi". Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1986): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-089.
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Eight years of age-specific survival data and 6 years of fecundity data from a free-living population of Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) at Tioga Pass, California, were used to test the hypothesis that time-specific life tables, based on data from individual years, were different from the cohort-specific life table, based on the combined data from all years. The results indicated that neither the age structure of the male nor the female population significantly differed among years (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the means and the variances in the sizes of weaned litters did not differ among years either in the population at large or within individual age-classes (all P > 0.05). A 27-day snowstorm that occurred in the spring of 1977 increased mortality and reduced reproduction, but it did not change the ground squirrels' age-specific survival or fecundity patterns. Taken together, our analyses revealed that each time-specific life table provided age-specific survival and fecundity estimates that were statistically indistinguishable (P > 0.05) from the composite, cohort-specific life table for each sex, regardless of severe environmental conditions. This is the first demonstration of the equivalence of time- and cohort-specific life tables for a free-living population of mammals.
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Frayn, K. N. "The glucose–fatty acid cycle: a physiological perspective". Biochemical Society Transactions 31, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2003): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311115.
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Glucose and fatty acids are the major fuels for mammalian metabolism and it is clearly essential that mechanisms exist for mutual co-ordination of their utilization. The glucose–fatty acid cycle, as it was proposed in 1963, describes one set of mechanisms by which carbohydrate and fat metabolism interact. Since that time, the importance of the glucose–fatty acid cycle has been confirmed repeatedly, in particular by elevation of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and demonstration of an impairment of glucose utilization. Since 1963 further means have been elucidated by which glucose and fatty acids interact. These include stimulation of hepatic glucose output by fatty acids, potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by fatty acids, and the cellular mechanism whereby high glucose and insulin concentrations inhibit fatty acid oxidation via malonyl-CoA regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. The last of these mechanisms, discovered by Denis McGarry and Daniel Foster in 1977, provides an almost exact complement to the mechanism described in the glucose–fatty acid cycle whereby high concentrations of fatty acids inhibit glucose utilization. These additional discoveries have not detracted from the important of the glucose–fatty acid cycle: rather, they have reinforced the importance of mechanisms whereby glucose and fat can interact.
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Loužek, Marek. "100 Years since the Birth of Milton Friedman". Review of Economic Perspectives 12, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2012): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10135-012-0008-4.
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Abstract The paper deals with the economic theory of Milton Friedman. Its first part outlines the life of Milton Friedman. The second part examines his economic theories - “Essays in Positive Economics” (1953), “Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money“ (1956), “A Theory of the Consumption Function” (1957), “A Program for Monetary Stability” (1959), “A Monetary History of the United States 1897 to 1960” (1963), and “Price Theory” (1976). His Nobel Prize lecture and American Economic Association lecture in 1967 are discussed, too. The third part analyzes Friedman’s methodology. Milton Friedman was the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century. He is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.
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Pezzuto, Paulo Ricardo y Carlos Alberto Borzone. "The collapse of the scallop Euvola ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) fishery in Brazil: changes in distribution and relative abundance after 23 years of exploitation". Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 52, n.º 3-4 (diciembre de 2004): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592004000300005.
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In Brazil, an industrial trawling fishery directed to Euvola ziczac started in 1973 and collapsed after 1980, when scallop landings reached 8,800 t. Since 1995 E. ziczac landings have not surpassed a few hundred kilograms. Based on surveys carried out in 1974-1975 and in 1995-1996, this work assesses temporal changes occurred in scallop distribution and relative abundance patterns and analyzes the current stock situation under the present management regimes applied to the local demersal trawling fishery. In the 1970's E. ziczac was concentrated in a main bed extending from southern São Paulo to northern Santa Catarina States and between 30 and 50 m depth. This pattern changed dramatically during the 1990's, when only two very small and low-density concentrations were found in the region. Cumulative effects of reducing areas and density within the remnant concentrations produced a reduction in the stock biomass of 98%. Management of the local double rig trawler fishery has always focused on its first main target, the shrimps Farfantepenaeus paulensis and F. brasiliensis. Additional measures have not been implemented, even after substantial part of the fleet has directed its effort to alternative shelf and slope resources. The collapse of the Brazilian scallop fishery provides a striking example of irreversible damage caused by uncontrolled fishing redirection allocated to other resources, demonstrating the need of changes in the Brazilian demersal fishery management model.
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Adkins, S., L. Breman, C. A. Baker y S. Wilson. "First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Blackberry Lily in North America". Plant Disease 87, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.102c.
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Blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) is an herbaceous perennial in the Iridaceae characterized by purple-spotted orange flowers followed by persistent clusters of black fruit. In July 2002, virus-like symptoms including chlorotic ringspots and ring patterns were observed on blackberry lily leaves on 2 of 10 plants in a south Florida ornamental demonstration garden. Inclusion body morphology suggested the presence of a Tospovirus. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was specifically identified by serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Sequence analysis of a nucleocapsid (N) protein gene fragment amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers TSWV723 and TSWV722 (1) from total RNA confirmed the diagnosis. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a 579 base pair region of the RT-PCR product were 95 to 99% and 95 to 100% identical, respectively, to TSWV N-gene sequences in GenBank. Since these 2-year-old plants were grown on-site from seed, they were likely inoculated by thrips from a nearby source. Together with a previous observation of TSWV in north Florida nursery stock (L. Breman, unpublished), this represents, to our knowledge, the first report of TSWV infection of blackberry lily in North America although TSWV was observed in plants of this species in Japan 25 years ago (2). References: (1) S. Adkins, and E. N. Rosskopf. Plant Dis. 86:1310, 2002. (2) T. Yamamoto and K.-I. Ohata. Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 30:39, 1977.
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Giordana, Maria Teresa, Paola Cavalla, Adriano Chiò, Silvia Marino, Riccardo Soffietti, Maria Claudia Vigliani y Davide Schiffer. "Prognostic Factors in Adult Medulloblastoma. A Clinico-Pathologic Study". Tumori Journal 81, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1995): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169508100507.
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Aims and background. Medulloblastoma in adults is a rare tumor. The small number of cases in the reported series has not permitted a definite assessment of the prognostic role of clinical, pathologic and cell kinetics factors. The largest series of medulloblastoma in adults treated in a single institution is herein reported. Methods. The clinical, therapeutic, pathologic and proliferation features of medulloblastoma in 44 adult patients (> 18 years) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to postoperative survival. The proliferation potential of each tumor was evaluated by the immunohistochemical demonstration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67, clone MIB-1, in paraffin sections. Results. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 40% and 35.6%, respectively. Significant factors in predicting a longer postoperative survival were: age < 37 years, decade of management (1977-1990), radiotherapy (50-55 Gy on the posterior fossa and 30-35 Gy on the spinal cord) and nuclear isomorphism. When corrected for adequacy of radiotreatment, desmoplastic type and differentiation were significantly correlated with a shorter survival. The PCNA-labelling index (LI) ranged from 34.5 to 82.2%, the MIB-1-LI ranged from 9.6 to 64.7%. No association was found between PCNA- or MIB-1-LI values and microscopic features, or between LI values and prognosis. Conclusions. Contrary to a general assumption, desmoplastic medulloblastoma and differentiated medulloblastoma are negative prognostic factors in adequately radiotreated adult patients. This may possibly be referred to lower radiosensitivity of these tumor variants. The LI with PCNA or Ki-67 is of no help in identifying aggressive tumors.
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Blaustein, Mordecai P. "The pump, the exchanger, and the holy spirit: origins and 40-year evolution of ideas about the ouabain-Na+pump endocrine system". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 314, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): C3—C26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00196.2017.
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Two prescient 1953 publications set the stage for the elucidation of a novel endocrine system: Schatzmann’s report that cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are all Na+pump inhibitors, and Szent-Gyorgi’s suggestion that there is an endogenous “missing screw” in heart failure that CTSs like digoxin may replace. In 1977 I postulated that an endogenous Na+pump inhibitor acts as a natriuretic hormone and simultaneously elevates blood pressure (BP) in salt-dependent hypertension. This hypothesis was based on the idea that excess renal salt retention promoted the secretion of a CTS-like hormone that inhibits renal Na+pumps and salt reabsorption. The hormone also inhibits arterial Na+pumps, elevates myocyte Na+and promotes Na/Ca exchanger-mediated Ca2+gain. This enhances vasoconstriction and arterial tone—the hallmark of hypertension. Here I describe how those ideas led to the discovery that the CTS-like hormone is endogenous ouabain (EO), a key factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension and heart failure. Seminal observations that underlie the still-emerging picture of the EO-Na+pump endocrine system in the physiology and pathophysiology of multiple organ systems are summarized. Milestones include: 1) cloning the Na+pump isoforms and physiological studies of mutated pumps in mice; 2) discovery that Na+pumps are also EO-triggered signaling molecules; 3) demonstration that ouabain, but not digoxin, is hypertensinogenic; 4) elucidation of EO’s roles in kidney development and cardiovascular and renal physiology and pathophysiology; 5) discovery of “brain ouabain”, a component of a novel hypothalamic neuromodulatory pathway; and 6) finding that EO and its brain receptors modulate behavior and learning.
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Ehrlich, Cyril. "Market Themes". Journal of the Royal Musical Association 114, n.º 1 (1989): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/114.1.1.
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In 1977 I discussed some common ways of writing about the social and economic contexts of music, and then suggested alternative procedures. Expressing dissatisfaction with prevailing fashions, that paper was essentially a plea for the use of economic history, recommending its analytical insights and quantitative sense. It sought discussion of typical events, and deliberately challenged the ‘deep-seated antipathy felt by most humanists toward anything that smacks of statistics’. The desired emphasis was also upon ‘thick’ description and analysis, by which one might avoid such contrasted, but equally fruitless, pursuits as unsubstantiated dogma and antiquarianism. Ten years later the invitation to arrange a conference on ‘music in the market-place’ provided an opportunity to look again. There was no attempt to survey current research systematically; less still to restrict subjects and speakers to any particular discipline. Indeed, despite the conference title, conventional approaches to the analysis of markets were scarce, with the notable exception of Julia Moore's paper, an exemplary demonstration of ‘thick’ economic history. Trying to achieve some coherence without imposing a strait-jacket inevitably brought overlaps and gaps. But if penalties were attached to open-mindedness, it also ensured the stimulus of diverse and multi-disciplinary papers, and informal contributions by active participants in the market-place. This introduction is not a summary of the conference, and is not confined to, though it touches upon, what was said there. Schematic, and therefore thin, it merely introduces a few possible themes which are further developed elsewhere, or still await exploration.
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Irish, Laura, Cynthia Haynes y Denny Schrock. "Knowledge Change and Donation Intentions of Field Day Attendees". HortTechnology 29, n.º 5 (octubre de 2019): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04369-19.
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Participation in field days increases adoption of new techniques and fosters learning. Since 1977, the Iowa State University (ISU) Department of Horticulture has hosted several Home Demonstration Garden (HDG) field days at ISU research farms each year to educate consumers on best practices and cultivars for growing annual flowers and vegetables. Gardens are planted at the farms and feature a specific topic or theme. In 2016 and 2017, 12 HDG field days were hosted in July or August. The objective of these field days was to showcase cultivars of vegetables that are in demand at food pantries and that home gardeners could grow easily for donation to these pantries. In addition to showcasing crops, presentations were delivered that focused on food insecurity implications in Iowa and how community members could impact food security locally. Of more than 400 field-day attendees in 2016, 151 (38%) participated in an optional survey at the end of the day. Similarly, in 2017, 140 of 350 (40%) attendees participated in the survey. Participants reflected on their food security knowledge and intentions to donate fresh produce before and after participation in the field day. Slightly more than a third (39.53% and 37.12%, respectively) of attendees reported some increase in food-security knowledge after participation. In addition, 85% and 72.5% of respondents reported that they will or would consider donating fresh produce to a local pantry after participation in this field day in 2016 and 2017, respectively. This was a change of more than 40% from previous donation patterns in both years. Results from this study are being used to focus future programming of the HDG field days and content of the field day surveys.
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Norris, John E. "Stellar chemical evolution". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090011695x.
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One of the major achievements of astrophysics has been the demonstration that most of the chemical elements have been synthesized in stars: nucleosynthesis calculations of homogeneous and inhomogeneous big bang cosmologies show that, in comparison with the most metal-poor stars currently known, essentially no elements heavier than B existed at the era of decoupling (see e.g. Wagoner, Fowler, & Hoyle 1967; Kajino, Mathews, & Fuller 1990). Following the pioneering work on stellar nucleosynthesis by Hoyle (1946), the basic precepts and the role of stars was set down in the classic papers of Burbidge et al. (1957) and Cameron (1957), and the ensuing decades have produced a vast body of theoretical and observational effort to more fully understand the details of the process.
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Copley, Jack. "Why were capital controls abandoned? The case of Britain’s abolition of exchange controls, 1977–1979". British Journal of Politics and International Relations 21, n.º 2 (13 de marzo de 2019): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148118819687.
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This article examines the politics of capital control liberalisation through an archival analysis of Britain’s exchange controls abolition. While the political economy consensus states that capital controls were abandoned because of a desire to boost the competitiveness of national financial centres and the ascendance of laissez-faire ideas, this article will challenge this interpretation. The James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher governments were concerned by the worsening performance of British industrial exporters, and exchange control abolition constituted a strategy to depreciate sterling and thus boost export competitiveness. Yet this beggar-thy-neighbour strategy risked spooking global markets and provoking a run on sterling. Thus, the Thatcher administration publicly masked its intentions by emphasising that this deregulation was motivated by laissez-faire ideology. This article thus reconceptualises the role of competition and ideas in spurring capital control liberalisation by demonstrating the importance of industrial competitiveness and the role of ideas as rhetoric.
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Allen, J. W. y Hermann G. Grimmeiss. "Visible Light-Emitting Diodes - The Formative Years". Materials Science Forum 590 (agosto de 2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.590.1.
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A brief history of visible light-emitting diodes (LED's) is given, from the first experimental observations of H.J.Round in 1907 to the mid-1970's when red and green emitters were in extensive production. Early investigations were empirical. This was changed with the invention of the transistor in 1947 by the demonstration of minority carrier injection at a forwardbiased junction, followed by recombination. In 1952 the discovery of the semiconducting behaviour of III-V compounds introduced a new range of materials. Gallium nitride seemed attractive for light emission and was investigated at Philips and RCA laboratories but at the time proved to be too difficult for practical use. Gallium phosphide emerged as the most promising material and groups to investigate it were set up at SERL in England, Philips Central Research Laboratories in Germany and Bell Telephone Laboratories in the USA. Zinc and oxygen doping gave red emission. At Philips, the emphasis was on efficiencies. At SERL the emphasis was on reproducibility for manufacturable devices and when the conditions for zinc and oxygen doping were strictly controlled the world's first practical visible LED's were produced at the end of 1961. At Bell Telephone Laboratories progress was initially slow but with the advent of liquid-phase epitaxial growth production of red emitters on the scale required became possible. The accidental discovery of nitrogen doping of gallium phosphide at Bell led to the production of good green emitters. Until the end of the 1970's, gallium phosphide red and green emitters dominated the LED market. Subsequent developments to the present day are sketched in outline.
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Krauss, Rosalind E. "Montage October: Dialectic of the Shot". October 162 (diciembre de 2017): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00313.
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In “Montage October,” which appeared in Artforum in January 1973, Rosalind Krauss argues that Sergei Eisenstein's 1928 film was not only a celebration of a Marxist victory but also a demonstration of Marxist dialectical reasoning through montage. Krauss contends that rather than passively reconstructing the chain of circumstances that culminated in the storming of the Winter Palace in 1917, Eisenstein hoped to draw a filmic equivalence between the leap of revolutionary consciousness, which opens up access to the future by transcending the real, and the leap of visual consciousness, which goes beyond the normal bounds of filmic space.
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Genser, Jared y Sivarasa Rasiah. "Anwar Ibrahim’s Struggle for the Real and Malaysian Politics in Transition". SIASAT 4, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v3i1.24.
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This paper is about Anwar Ibrahim and politics in Malaysia. Anwar Ibrahim was born in a village near Penang, Malaysia on August 10, 1947. His parents were a hospital medical assistant and a housewife who became engaged in local grassroots politics early on. Anwar became involved in politics in 1971 as a pro-Islam student leader, founding the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia. He remained its president until 1982.67 Although he was a leader of opposition groups – in fact he was jailed under the Internal Security Act for two years for organizing mass demonstrations in 1974 – Anwar accepted an invitation in 1982 to join the ruling United Malays National Organization (UMNO). Rising quickly through the ranks of the party, he served in succession as the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports in 1983, of Agriculture in 1984, of Education from 1986-91, and was appointed Minister of Finance from 1991-98. In 1993, Anwar also became Deputy Prime Minister for Prime Minister Mahathir.68 He served as Deputy Prime Minister until 1998, when he was dismissed, on the pre-text of corruption and sodomy allegations, because of major disagreements with Mahathir about the political and economic direction of Malaysia’s future.
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Genser, Jared y Sivarasa Rasiah. "Anwar Ibrahim’s Struggle for the Real and Malaysian Politics in Transition". SIASAT 4, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v4i1.24.
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This paper is about Anwar Ibrahim and politics in Malaysia. Anwar Ibrahim was born in a village near Penang, Malaysia on August 10, 1947. His parents were a hospital medical assistant and a housewife who became engaged in local grassroots politics early on. Anwar became involved in politics in 1971 as a pro-Islam student leader, founding the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia. He remained its president until 1982.67 Although he was a leader of opposition groups – in fact he was jailed under the Internal Security Act for two years for organizing mass demonstrations in 1974 – Anwar accepted an invitation in 1982 to join the ruling United Malays National Organization (UMNO). Rising quickly through the ranks of the party, he served in succession as the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports in 1983, of Agriculture in 1984, of Education from 1986-91, and was appointed Minister of Finance from 1991-98. In 1993, Anwar also became Deputy Prime Minister for Prime Minister Mahathir.68 He served as Deputy Prime Minister until 1998, when he was dismissed, on the pre-text of corruption and sodomy allegations, because of major disagreements with Mahathir about the political and economic direction of Malaysia’s future.
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Genser, Jared y Sivarasa Rasiah. "Anwar Ibrahim’s Struggle for the Real and Malaysian Politics in Transition". SIASAT 5, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v5i1.24.
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This paper is about Anwar Ibrahim and politics in Malaysia. Anwar Ibrahim was born in a village near Penang, Malaysia on August 10, 1947. His parents were a hospital medical assistant and a housewife who became engaged in local grassroots politics early on. Anwar became involved in politics in 1971 as a pro-Islam student leader, founding the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia. He remained its president until 1982.67 Although he was a leader of opposition groups – in fact he was jailed under the Internal Security Act for two years for organizing mass demonstrations in 1974 – Anwar accepted an invitation in 1982 to join the ruling United Malays National Organization (UMNO). Rising quickly through the ranks of the party, he served in succession as the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports in 1983, of Agriculture in 1984, of Education from 1986-91, and was appointed Minister of Finance from 1991-98. In 1993, Anwar also became Deputy Prime Minister for Prime Minister Mahathir.68 He served as Deputy Prime Minister until 1998, when he was dismissed, on the pre-text of corruption and sodomy allegations, because of major disagreements with Mahathir about the political and economic direction of Malaysia’s future.
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Meltzer, Herbert Y. "Pre-clinical Pharmacology of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: A Selective Review". British Journal of Psychiatry 168, S29 (mayo de 1996): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298280.
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The primary basis for the action of neuroleptic drugs has been suggested to be a blockade of D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system, with subsequent decrease in the firing rate of ventral tegmental (A10) dopamine neurons by the process of depolarisation inactivation (Matthyssee, 1974; Bunney et al, 1991). The main evidence for this hypothesis is that: the affinities for the D2 receptor of all effective antipsychotic drugs are positively correlated with their average clinical dose (Seeman & Lee, 1975; Creese et al, 1976); and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs produces nearly complete inhibition of the firing of ventral tegmental (A10) dopamine neurons that project to the limbic forebrain (Chiodo & Bunney, 1983). Clozapine, the prototypical atypical antipsychotic drug, also satisfies both criteria (Seeman & Lee, 1975; Chiodo & Bunney, 1985). However, the demonstration that clozapine is more effective than other neuroleptics for the treatment of both schizophrenic patients who are responsive to typical neuroleptics (Meltzer, 1992) as well as those who are resistant (Kane et al, 1988) suggests that this simple dopamine hypothesis of neuroleptic drug action is insufficient. Indeed, there is evidence that clozapine at clinically effective doses produces less D2 receptor occupancy and, hence, less antagonism of D2 receptors in the striatum, and probably also in the limbic system, than typical neuroleptic drugs (Farde et al, 1992); this further challenges the adequacy of the dopamine hypothesis to explain the greater efficacy of clozapine. This leaves the need to consider what else besides a D2 receptor blockade may explain the action of clozapine and, indeed, whether limited blockade is superior to a more complete one.
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SERBIN, KENNETH P. "The Anatomy of a Death: Repression, Human Rights and the Case of Alexandre Vannucchi Leme in Authoritarian Brazil". Journal of Latin American Studies 30, n.º 1 (febrero de 1998): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x97004884.
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Employing new archival sources, this article reappraises the role of human rights in the opposition to Brazil's repressive military regime. While most interpretations pinpoint the protest against the 1975 murder of journalist Vladimir Herzog as the opposition's great awakening, this research focuses on a similar outcry against the 1973 killing of University of São Paulo student Alexandre Vannucchi Leme. His death led students and clergymen to defy riot troops and gather 3,000 people for a memorial service that was the first large-scale anti-regime demonstration of the 1970s and a decisive step in the Roman Catholic Church's development as leader of the opposition.
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Chang, Chiao-Chen. "Exploring the Usage Intentions of Wearable Medical Devices: A Demonstration Study". Interactive Journal of Medical Research 9, n.º 3 (18 de septiembre de 2020): e19776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19776.
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Background In the face of an aging society, an immediate and preventive medical system urgently needs to be established, and the application of wearable devices is essential. However, the application of smart medical care in Taiwan is still not widespread, and few studies have explored the related issues of wearable medical device usage. Thus, determining the success of a wearable medical device mainly depends on the degree of user adoption and use. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the intention to use wearable medical devices. Methods This study applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to build a comprehensive model that explains intentions to use wearable medical devices. Results The research findings showed that health consciousness and trust were the strongest predictors of intentions to use wearable medical devices. Conclusions The results reveal the magnitudes of the impacts of the variables in a well-accepted revised UTAUT model in the context of the medical industry, particularly in the setting of wearable medical devices. Several important implications for academics and industry decision-makers can be formulated from these results.
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Männistö-Funk, Tiina. "The Prime, Decline, and Recalling of Rural Cycling". Transfers 2, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2012): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020205.
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The article studies rural cycling in Finland in the 1920s and 1930s through a folklore survey conducted in 1971-1972. Written memories enable a rare insight in the disappeared practices of bicycle use in the countryside. Comparing the role of the bicycle in the remembered time and the time of remembering, the article furthermore scrutinizes the role of historical narratives in the cultural constructions of the bicycle. Instead of demonstrating a linear, universal decline in the face of motorization, changes in bicycle use and redefinitions of the bicycle are linked to fundamental societal changes.
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Kraus, Charles. "“Failure to Change the Status Quo: Jimmy Carter, the Two Koreas, and the International Pursuit of Dialogue, 1977–1979”". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 26, n.º 2 (7 de mayo de 2019): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02602003.
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President Jimmy Carter’s foreign policies toward Korea were targets of wide criticism from his contemporaries in the late 1970s, and they remain contentious among historians today. The root of Carter’s dismal record regarding this East Asian nation was not simply his misplaced focus on troop withdrawals and human rights, but rather the U.S. president’s failure to change measurably or positively the status quo on the Korean Peninsula. Utilizing sources from the United States and, to a lesser extent, Romania, the former Yugoslavia, and People’s Republic of China, this article explores an often ignored element of Carter’s policy toward the two Koreas—dialogue—to illuminate this point. It also explores U.S.-China diplomacy on the dialogue initiative, demonstrating the limits of relying on Beijing to coax P’yŏngyang into returning to the negotiating table.
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Barysheva, Elena V. "‘Galvanize the Streets to Life with Joy of Celebration.’ V. E. Meyerhold and Demonstration Decoration". Herald of an archivist, n.º 4 (2018): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1103-1114.
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The avant-garde director V. E. Meyerhold accepted the ideas of the October Revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm. His search for new theatrical forms seemed interconnected with agitation mass art and grandiose festivities on the days of revolutionary holidays in particular. The article sequentially reviews several documents on preparation of the 15th anniversary of the October Revolution (1932) and activities of the Central Art Commission (the October Commission) under the Moscow Soviet. V. Meyerhold took part in the work of the Commission. In his report ‘On artistic design of demonstrations,’ Meyerhold underscored main features of the demonstration, he assessed stage space for theatrical presentation of the holiday within the urban landscape and conditional and imaginative idiom of the theatrical performance scenography as parts of the festive culture stylistics. A tradition and rituals of celebrating the revolution anniversaries had already taken shape by 1930s. V. Meyerhold evinced the causes of mistakes inherent in all festive events of 1930s, such as passivity and even apathy of participants, clich?s in design, redundancy of slogans. Moreover, he made recommendations for decorating festive demonstrations and even city squares, streets, and houses. Following the meeting of the Moscow City Committee of the VKP(B) and of the Mossovet (Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies), a series of methodological recommendations and guidelines on the procedure for conducting and decorating holiday demonstrations was written. The main idea was to involve the demonstrators themselves in the festive events, to engage massoviks (organizers of popular cultural and recreational activities), athletes, entertainers, harmonists, chorus, orchestra, to use allegorical signs and emblems. And yet all activities were controlled and coordinated by central and district commissions, whose function was to instruct factories to organize demonstration columns with stylistic and topical continuity.
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Billah, Maruf. "Non-retroactivity in Prosecuting Crimes against Humanity and International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh". Journal of Politics and Law 13, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p180.
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The International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh (ICTB) was set up by Bangladesh through the adaptation of the International Crimes Tribunal Act 1973, as an internal mechanism trying to prosecute and punish Bangladeshi perpetrators who committed international crimes in Bangladesh liberation war in 1971. After a long disappearance from the public eye, the Tribunal was reemerged in 2010. The recent cases decided by the Tribunal have revealed that the international crimes; namely, crimes against humanity, were allegedly committed in 1971, while the relevant Statute was enacted in 1973, and was implemented in 2010. Recently, the ICTB is prosecuting crimes against humanity retroactively, which might have violated the prohibition of penalizing certain conducts committed by the perpetrators before the enforcement of such conduct as a law banning such demeanor as an offense. Therefore, this study firstly analyzes the rule against retroactivity in international criminal law. Secondly, it investigates the justification of the retroactive criminalization of crimes against humanity at the first International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, and its crystallization into the regional and international legal instruments. Thirdly, the study examines the characteristics of crimes against humanity as an international crime, to scrutinize whether the ICTB needs to fulfill such requirements either in 1971 or 2010. Then, it illustrates various judgments of the ICTB, demonstrating that it does not comply with the rule prescribed by international laws either in 1971 or 2010, in prosecuting crimes against humanity retroactively. Lastly, the study concludes by forwarding ways necessary to the ICTB in retroactive prosecution of international offenses.
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HEAP, JAMES L. "Warranting interpretations: a demonstration*". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 15, n.º 1 (14 de julio de 2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1978.tb00569.x.
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McFarlane, Harold F. y Michael J. Lineberry. "The IFR fuel cycle demonstration". Progress in Nuclear Energy 31, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1997): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(96)00009-1.
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Collins, Lynn H. "Illustrating Feminist Theory". Psychology of Women Quarterly 22, n.º 1 (marzo de 1998): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00144.x.
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Feminist theory holds that many of the pathological behaviors observed in patients result from their position in the social hierarchy. The goals of the demonstration detailed in this article are to show the impact of current gender roles on the psychological well-being of women and men and to generate understanding and discussion of the problems that relative status can create in the therapeutic relationship. This teaching demonstration draws parallels between the Zimbardo (1971) prison experiment and the impact that assignment to low- and high-power roles can have on the psychological health of women and men. Students are asked to rate men and women on some of the diagnostic criteria that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) associates with Axis I and II diagnoses. The students watch a video of Zimbardo's prison study and then rate the prisoners and guards. This demonstration provides another explanation for gender patterns in psychopathology by demonstrating that psychologically healthy White males will develop different patterns of psychopathology depending on whether they are placed in a dominant or subordinate role. When placed in the subordinate role, they exhibit behaviors typically seen in women clients; when placed in a dominant role they exhibit behaviors commonly associated with male clients. This exercise demonstrates the unhealthy nature of the gender roles for both women and men.
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Wesselmann, Eric D., Kipling D. Williams, John B. Pryor, Fredrick A. Eichler, Devin M. Gill y John D. Hogue. "Revisiting Schachter’s Research on Rejection, Deviance, and Communication (1951)". Social Psychology 45, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2014): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000180.
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We conducted a replication of the original Schachter (1951) deviation-rejection study. Schachter’s groundbreaking demonstration of the deviation-rejection link has captivated social psychologists for decades. The findings and paradigm were so compelling that the deviation-rejection link is often taken for granted and sometimes may be misrepresented ( Berkowitz, 1971 ; Wahrman & Pugh, 1972 ). Because there have only been two direct replications, one of which by the original author, we believed it was important to revisit the original study. We replicated Schachter’s main finding, albeit with a smaller effect size. One intriguing possibility is that we found somewhat weaker reactions to deviates because society may be becoming more tolerant of individuals who hold deviate opinions. We hope that our replication study will inspire other researchers to revisit the deviation-rejection link.
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Méndez-Muros, Sandra. "The Media Protest of Neighbouring Associations, Promoter of Citizen Democratic Culture during Transition in Southern Spain". Media and Communication 6, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i1.1195.
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In the current context of placing value on the neighbouring movement within the Spanish democratic Transition, we set out to confirm that the press actively participates in the growing conjunction of neighbouring issues with political content and contributes to the idea that this movement becomes a parameter of the democratic culture for the citizen during Transition. Since the conflict is newsworthy, we conduct a micro-social study of the neighbouring protest in the newspaper <em>El Correo de Andalucía</em>, published in the southern Spanish city of Seville. Through analysis of content, we study the informative flow and the repertoire of protest following a typology that distinguishes four formats (demonstrations, strikes, speeches and associations) divided into two levels of conflict. The analysis sample consists of 33 texts published between November 1975 (Franco’s death and the accession to the throne of Juan Carlos I) and June 1977 (the first democratic general elections). The main conclusion reveals that the newspaper becomes a platform that gives visibility to the neighbouring movement, normalising behaviours and procedure rules through the protest.
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von Stackelberg, Katherine, Marc A. Williams, Jonathan Clough y Mark S. Johnson. "Spatially explicit bioaccumulation modeling in aquatic environments: Results from 2 demonstration sites". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 13, n.º 6 (11 de mayo de 2017): 1023–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1927.
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