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1
Ferguson, C. W. "Tree-Rings and Radiocarbon". Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/302936.
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Swetnam, Thomas W. "Editorial". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251618.
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Huante, Pilar, Emmanuel Rincón y Thomas W. Swetnam. "Dendrochronology of Abies Religiosa in Michoacan, Mexico". Tree-Ring Society, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262286.
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An exploratory investigation of tree growth and climate relationships in Abies religiosa from Michoacan, Mexico, produced the first crossdated and standardized tree-ring chronology from the North American tropics. Pearson correlation coefficients and principal components response function analysis were employed. Results indicate that ring-width series from this species have moderately high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 13.42). A substantial percentage of the ring-width signal can be explained by instrumented monthly climate data, particularly spring precipitation and winter temperature. Although correlation between climate data and the tree-ring measurements indicate that growth of Abies religiosa is highly influenced by year-to-year climate variation, longer climate records and tree-ring chronologies are needed from this tropical region to improve understanding of climate -tree growth relationships, and for dendroclimatic reconstruction.
4
Leavitt, Steven W. "An Issue Devoted To Southeastern Dendrochronology Editor's Note". Tree-Ring Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623359.
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Santiago-Blay, Jorge A., Joseph B. Lambert y Pearce Paul Creasman. "Scientific Advisory-- Expanded Application Of Dendrochronology Collections: Collect And Save Exudates". Tree-Ring Society, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622629.
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Shiyatov, Stefan G. "The Development and State of Dendrochronology in the USSR". Tree-Ring Society, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261850.
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The first dendrochronolcgical investigation in the USSR was carried out at the end of the past century. Systematic study of tree rings for the purpose of dating different events and reconstruction of natural conditions began in 1950-1960's. Tree-ring analysis is most intensively used in the studies of forest ecosystem dynamics, timing and frequency assessment of catastrophic phenomena, reconstruction of radiocarbon content in the Earth atmosphere, and dating of historical wood. Much attention is given to the development of long-term prognoses of tree growth and forest environments.
7
Swetnam, Thomas W., Marna Ares Thompson y Elaine Kennedy Sutherland. "Using Dendrochronology To Measure Radial Growth of Defoliated Trees". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/304642.
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McGraw, Donald J. "Andrew Ellicott Douglass and the Giant Sequoias in the Founding of Dendrochronology". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262548.
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The Giant Sequoia played several crucial roles in the founding of the modern science of tree-ring dating. These included at least two central theoretical constructs and at least two minor ones; however, historical studies of dendrochronology are actively continuing and this list is expected to expand. Second only to the importance of the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the earliest days of the infant science, the Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) was at the very center of the establishment of the discipline of dendrochronology. How the sequoia came to be used by A.E. Douglass, and what vital information and how it provided such information is the topic here.
9
Hughes, Malcolm K., Peter Ian Kuniholm, Jon K. Eischeid, Gregg Garfin, Carol B. Griggs y Christine Latini. "Aegean Tree-Ring Signature Years Explained". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262557.
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As a long master tree -ring chronology for the region around the Aegean approaches completion, timbers from monuments and archaeological sites as far as 2,000 km apart, and as far back as 7000 BC, are being dated. The patterns used in this dating are characterized by signature years, in which trees at the majority of the sites have smaller or broader rings than in the previous year. We show that the signature years are consistently associated with specific, persistent, circulation anomalies that control the access of precipitation- bearing systems to the region in springtime. This explains the feasibility of dating wooden objects from widely dispersed sites, and opens the possibility of reconstructing aspects of the climate in which the wood grew.
10
Csank, Adam Z. "Research Communication: An International Tree-Ring Isotope Data Bank- A Proposed Repository For Tree-Ring Isotopic Data". Tree-Ring Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622606.
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The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) is an invaluable resource, providing access to
a massive and growing cache of tree-ring data. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotope treering studies, which have provided valuable climatic and ecological information, have proliferated for decades so an ITRDB expansion to include isotopic data would likewise benefit the scientific community. An international tree-ring isotope databank (ITRIDB) would: (1) allow development of transfer functions from extended isotopic data sets, (2) provide abundant tree-ring isotopic data for meta-analysis, and (3) encourage isotopic network studies. A Europe network already exists, but the international data bank proposed here would constitute a de facto global network. Associated information to be incorporated into the database includes not only the customary ITRDB entries, but also elements peculiar to isotope chronologies. As with the current ITRDB, submission of data would be voluntary and as such it will be crucial to have the support of the tree-ring isotope community to contribute existing and forthcoming isotope series. The plan is to institute this isotope database in 2010, administered by the National Climatic Data Center.
11
Woodhouse, Connie A. y Peter M. Brown. "Tree-Ring Evidence for Great Plains Drought". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262536.
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A new collection of tree-ring chronologies developed from trees and remnant material located in the western and central Great Plains makes an important contribution to the spatial coverage of the US tree- ring chronology network. Samples from 24 sites were collected from the west-central Great Plains, and to date, ten chronologies have been produced. When correlated with a set of 47 single-station PDSI records, the chronologies display relationships with regional spring and summer drought. The reconstruction of spring PDSI for eastern Colorado generated in this study suggests that the inclusion of Great Plains trees can improve the quality of Great Plains drought reconstructions. The eastern Colorado drought reconstruction explains 62% of the variance in the instrumental record and extends to 1552. This reconstruction provides information about the regional character of major droughts over the past four and a half centuries. Major eastern Colorado droughts include events in the 1580s, 1630s, 1660s, 1730s, and the 1930s. The late 16th century drought, noted as an especially severe drought in the southwestern US, appears in this reconstruction as only slightly more severe than other major droughts in this region.
12
Xiong, Limin y Jonathan G. Palmer. "Libocedrus Bidwillii Tree-Ring Chronologies in New Zealand". Tree-Ring Society, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262532.
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Twenty-three Libocedrus bidwillii (New Zealand cedar) tree-ring chronologies have been developed from New Zealand. This total consists of twelve new sites collected by the authors and eleven previously collected by others (five of which we have updated and six of which were not). Standardization of the tree-ring series from each site used a double detrending method (linear-exponential or linear regression or a horizontal detrending plus spline detrending fitted to 2/3 the length of each tree-ring series). ARSTAN modeling using the Aikaike Information Criterion (AIC) to determine the filter model removed all significant autocorrelations from the residual chronologies. The average chronology length is around 500 years, and the sites are spread over 8° of latitude (i.e.. 38°-46 °S) and nearly 10(X) m in elevation (i.e., 244-1220 m.a.s.1.). The species tends to grow slowly (mean ring-width 0.7 mm), and the tree rings have a high autocorrelation value (0.79). The average mean sensitivity was 0.17, and the average mean correlation between all radii within chronologies was 0.55. Comparison of the chronologies showed a highly consistent and significant pattern among most of the sites. There was a reduction in interchronology correlation with separation distance; however, there was no clear relationship, or an effect, due to elevation. The spatial extent and temporal length of the network of sites offers the most comprehensive opportunity for New Zealand climate reconstruction to date.
13
Heyerdahl, Emily K. y Steven J. McKay. "Condition of Live Fire-Scarred Ponderosa Pine Trees Six Years after Removing Partial Cross Sections". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251619.
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Our objective was to document the effect of fire-history sampling on the mortality of mature ponderosa pine trees in Oregon. We examined 138 trees from which fire-scarred partial cross sections had been removed five to six years earlier, and 386 similarly sized, unsampled neighbor trees, from 78 plots distributed over about 5,000 ha. Mortality was low for both groups. Although mortality was significantly higher for the sectioned trees than their neighbors (8% versus 1 %), removing a partial section did not appear to increase a tree's susceptibility to death from factors such as wind or insect activity. Specifically, the few sectioned stems that broke did so well above sampling height. Most sectioned trees (79 %) had evidence of insect activity in 1994/95, while only an additional 5% had such evidence in 2000. Mortality among sectioned trees in this study was low probably because we removed relatively small sections, averaging 7 cm thick and 8% of the tree's cross-sectional area, from large trees of a species with effective, resin-based defenses against insects and pathogens. Sampling live ponderosa pine trees appears to be a non-lethal method of obtaining information on past fire regimes in this region because it only infrequently led to their death in the early years after sampling.
14
Smith, Kevin T. y Elaine Kennedy Sutherland. "Terminology and Biology of Fire Scars in Selected Central Hardwoods". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251620.
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Dendrochronological analysis of fire scars requires tree survival of fire exposure. Trees survive fire exposure by: (1) avoidance of injury through constitutive protection and (2) induced defense. Induced defenses include (a) compartmentalization processes that resist the spread of injury and infection and (b) closure processes that restore the continuity of the vascular cambium after fire injury. Induced defenses are non-specific and are similar for fire and mechanical injury. Dissection of central hardwood species in a prescribed fire treatment area in southeastern Ohio provided an opportunity to place features seen in dendrochronological samples into their biological context. Terms for these features are proposed and further discussion is solicited.
15
Tardif, Jacques, France Conciatori y Yves Bergeron. "Comparative Analysis of the Climatic Response of Seven Boreal Tree Species from Northwestern Québec, Canada". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251621.
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We analyzed the radial growth response of seven boreal tree species growing on an island of Lake Duparquet, northwestern Québec. The species investigated were Betula papyrifera, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa. Seven species chronologies were developed as well as seventy individual tree chronologies. Coniferous species were positively correlated to warm April and to cool-wet July. This indicates that early spring and positive water balance during the growth season favor radial growth. In contrast, the radial growth of B. papyrifera was mainly correlated to June precipitation. The response of individual trees to climate was variable but the differences between B. papyrifera and the coniferous species were maintained. No microsite factors or tree characteristics were associated with this variability. Except for B. papyrifera, it is speculated that climate change could have a similar qualitative physiological consequence on the growth of coniferous species found on homogeneous insular landscapes.
16
D'Arrigo, Rosanne D., William S. F. Schuster, David M. Lawrence, Edward R. Cook, Mark Wiljanen y Roy D. Thetford. "Climate-Growth Relationships of Eastern Hemlock and Chestnut Oak from Black Rock Forest in the Highlands of Southeastern New York". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251622.
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Three eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and three chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) ring-width chronologies were constructed from old-and second-growth stands in the Black Rock Forest in Cornwall. New York, the first developed for the highlands of southeastern New York State. The longest hemlock chronology extends from 1780-1992 and the longest oak chronology from 1806-1994. The oldest trees sampled had minimum ages of 275 and 300 years for hemlock and chestnut oak, respectively. The tree-ring chronologies were compared to monthly temperature and precipitation data from nearby West Point, NY for the 1850s-1990s and to Palmer Drought Severity Indices for 1911-1990. The chronologies provide forest growth information for the period prior to the initiation of meteorological measurements, begun in 1824 at West Point. Black Rock Forest eastern hemlock growth correlates positively with current July and prior September precipitation, with February-March temperature and with prior September Palmer Drought Severity Indices. It correlates negatively with prior June temperature. Black Rock Forest chestnut oak growth correlates positively with current June-July and prior September and December precipitation, with January temperature, and with prior September-October and current June-July Palmer Drought Severity Indices. It correlates negatively with current June-July temperature. The Black Rock Forest tree-ring records and analyses yield useful information for climate reconstruction and for assessing the potential impact of anthropogenic change (e.g. CO₂-induced climate effects, CO₂ and N fertilization, acid deposition, changes in soil chemistry due to atmospheric pollution).
17
Bortolot, Zachary J., Carolyn A. Copenheaver, Robert L. Longe y Aardt Jan A. N. Van. "Development of a White Oak Chronology Using Live Trees and a Post-Civil War Cabin in South-Central Virginia". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251623.
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A 280-year old white oak chronology was developed for south-central Virginia to verify the timber harvesting and construction dates of a cabin located on the Reynolds Homestead Research Center. A plaque on the cabin stated that the logs were harvested in 1814. However, the outer rings of the logs dated to 1875 and 1876. From the land-use history of the area, the cabin was most likely constructed to house tenant farmers after the Civil War. Most of the periods of below average growth identified in the 280-year chronology were related to drought events. Correlations between the radial growth of the white oak with temperature and precipitation data from a local weather station were examined. Precipitation had more influence on radial growth than temperature, and significant correlations (p = 0.05) existed between radial growth and precipitation from the previous September, the current April, and the current June.
18
Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "Software Review". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251624.
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Watson, Emma y Brian H. Luckman. "The Development of a Moisture-Stressed Tree-Ring Chronology Network for the Southern Canadian Cordillera". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251652.
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Fifty-three ring-width chronologies have been developed from open-grown, low-elevation stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) and Pinar ponderosa (ponderosa pine) in the southern Canadian Cordillera. These chronologies will be used to develop precipitation reconstructions for the region. The sites are unevenly distributed across the interior valleys from east of the Coast Ranges to the Canadian Rockies and from the Canada-U.S. border to the northern limits of both species. The chronologies range from 123-691 years (mean = 383 years) and, on average, have a strong within-chronology common signal (Expressed Population Signal > 0.85) with as few as eight trees. A Rotated Principal Components Analysis (RPCA) identified three regions within which annual ring-width chronologies covary similarly. A preliminary assessment of regional chronologies and patterns of extreme narrow and wide marker rings demonstrates that common growth variations exist in the chronology network that are probably precipitation related. Both the RPCA and marker ring analyses suggest distinctive regional patterns of growth on both interannual and longer timescales that vary through time and are possibly linked to persistent large scale climatic anomalies.
20
Lisi, Claudio S., Luiz C. R. Pessenda, Mario Tomazello y Kazimiers Rozanski. "¹⁴C Bomb Effect in Tree Rings of Tropical and Subtropical Species of Brazil". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251653.
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Atmospheric nuclear tests in the early 1960s introduced large amounts of radiocarbon into the atmosphere, which resulted in an increase of tropospheric ¹⁴CO₂ concentration by nearly 100% during the years 1964-1965. The bomb-produced ¹⁴C was then gradually incorporated within the global carbon cycle. The history of ¹⁴C concentration in the troposphere is preserved within annual growth layers of trees and can be reconstructed for those areas where direct measurements of 14C in the atmosphere were not performed. The paper presents results of ¹⁴C activity measurements in tree rings of tropical and subtropical species from Brazil, for the period 1945-1997. We investigated two species ( Araucaria angustifolia and Parkia sp.) growing at three sites covering the latitudinal band between 7 °S and 24 °S. The results indicate that the maximum ¹⁴C activity in the Southern Hemisphere occurred in 1965, with the Δ¹⁴C values reaching around 700%. Significant differences in Δ¹⁴C were recorded among the studied sites for the period of maximal ¹⁴C levels in the atmosphere, with the highest level observed at the tropical site and lowest in the subtropical zone. This reflects the dynamics of interhemispheric transport of ¹⁴C during the years of high spatial and temporal gradients of this isotope in the atmosphere.
21
Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "Evaluating Crossdating Accuracy: A Manual and Tutorial for the Computer Program COFECHA". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251654.
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COFECHA is a computer program that assesses the quality of crossdating and measurement accuracy of tree-ring series. Written by Richard L. Holmes in 1982, the program has evolved into one of the most important and widely used in dendrochronology. It is important to note that COFECHA does not perform all the necessary steps in crossdating. Rather, the program is a tool that helps the dendrochronologist assess the quality of crossdating and measurement accuracy. The ultimate decision whether or not a tree-ring series is successfully crossdated must lie with the dendrochronologist and not with the software. Therefore, the program is most useful after initial crossdating is accomplished using visual or graphical techniques (such as skeleton plots), and the rings have been measured. The proper use of COFECHA adds a high degree of confidence that tree-ring samples have been crossdated correctly and measured accurately, ensuring that the environmental signal is maximized. In this paper, I describe the use of COFECHA through all necessary steps, and discuss the meaning of the initial questions posed at program start-up, the various options available in the main menu, the various sections of the output from COFECHA, and interpretation of the diagnostics of crossdating and measurement accuracy. I demonstrate methods used to help crossdate undated series, and offer tips on taking full advantage of the various options available in the program.
22
Boninsegna, José A. y Richard L. Holmes. "Fitzroya Cupressoides Yields 1534-Year Long South American Chronology". Tree-Ring Society, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261336.
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The longest tree-ring chronologies for the Southern Hemisphere published to date go back to A.D. 1011 in central Chile; 1028 in Tasmania, Australia; 1140 in western Argentina; and 1256 on the North Island, New Zealand. For paleoclimatic and other studies longer time series would be very desirable. Here we report on the first successful crossdating and chronology development for Fitzroya cupressoides, a redwood-like conifer in western Argentina, which goes back to 441 and exhibits desirable statistical characteristics.
23
Bhattacharyya, Amalava, Valmore C. Jr LaMarche y Frank W. Telewski. "Dendrochronological Reconnaissance of the Conifers of Northwest India". Tree-Ring Society, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261846.
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Tree-ring samples were collected from six coniferous species in the western Himalayan ranges during the summer of 1984 in order to evaluate their potential for use in dendroclimatic reconstructions. Picea, Abies, and Pinus spp. had previously been collected for ring widths and densitometric analysis by Hughes and co-workers on relatively mesic subalpine sites near the Vale of Kashmir. Our results support this earlier work in that ring-width series from these habitats are relatively complacent and contain little dendroclimatic information. Density and ring widths are largely temperature-dependent. However, our sampling included Cedrus deodara and Pinus gerardiana from lower altitudes in the dry inner valleys of the Pir Panjal Range, south of Kashmir. Both species exhibit great age, high mean sensitivity and good intra- and inter-specific crossdating, and yielded chronology statistics suggestive of a drought response. We strongly recommend that they receive high priority in future tree-ring research in northwest India.
24
Richter, K., D. Eckstein y R. L. Holmes. "The Dendrochronological Signal of Pine Trees (Pinus Spp.) in Spain". Tree-Ring Society, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262302.
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Thirty-one old-age pine stands in nine mountainous regions of Spain were studied in order to delineate dendrochronologically uniform areas. A country-wide cross-correlation analysis of the autoregressively standardized site chronologies showed the dendrochronological signal decreasing with distance so that beyond about 450 km crossdating becomes less reliable, but even over 630 km, the correlation coefficient is sometimes significantly high. A principal components analysis of the variance among the site chronologies segregated the chronologies into a northern and a southern group roughly along a line from Madrid to Barcelona. Two low-elevation northern sites were grouped with the southern sites. Moisture supply limits the growth of the pines in this group. In contrast, the high-elevation northern sites do not suffer from prolonged droughts. According to the uniform and extensive tree-ring signal in the south of the peninsula, the potential of dendrochronology for dating cultural objects is predicted to be favorable. Because of the greater variability between sites in the north, further studies are necessary to delineate uniform areas.
25
Akkemik, Ünal. "Dendroclimatology of Umbrella Pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Istanbul, Turkey". Tree-Ring Society, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262533.
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To determine the response of tree rings to climate, twenty cores were extracted from ten trees of Pinus pinea L. in Istanbul-Alemdag. A response function was used to characterize the relationships between tree rings and temperature and precipitation. The precipitation of the current year and the temperature at the beginning of the growing period have a significantly positive influence on the growth of the tree ring. Mean sensitivity was found to be 0.291, and it was concluded that Pinus pinea L. is a dendroclimatologically sensitive species.
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Danzer, Shelley R., Steven W. Leavitt, Irina P. Panyushkina, Andreas Mergner, Evelyn Garcia y Valeria Best-Svob. "Xylem Tracheid Development in Pinus Resinosa Seedlings in Controlled Environments". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262534.
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Progressive tree-ring xylem cell size changes may reveal the influence of changing environment during the growing season. This study examines xylem tracheid cell growth in red pine (Pious resinosa Ait.) seedlings grown in cabinets under controlled environment, where single parameters (temperature, light, soil moisture and CO2) were varied step-wise in each chamber at ca. 30-day increments for ca. 6 months. Control and temperature treatments were replicated. Cross-sections (20 μm thick) sliced with a sliding microtome from each of four seedling stems from each cabinet were mounted on glass slides. Lumen diameters and cell-wall thickness were measured on 4 orthogonal tracheid radial files on 4 radii of each stem. Mean cell sizes were 11-17 μm among treatments and growth periods, whereas numbers of cells formed averaged 0.2-1.3 cells per day. Cell size increased throughout the experiment in most of the treatments, including one of the control treatments and those with the greatest potential to limit growth (decreasing temperature, light and soil moisture). Soil moisture was the only environmental parameter that tended to cause late declining growth, and CO, up to 500 (μmol mol⁻¹ did not appear to influence cell development. Despite a substantial range of environmental shifts in the chambers (100 μmol mol⁻¹ CO₂; 125 μEinsteins m⁻² s⁻¹ light; 8 °C temperature; 35% relative humidity; watering every day to every 5th day), the continued stem elongation and cell-size increases indicate that conditions never became significantly limiting to growth in most treatments. Although the range of environmental variability is undoubtedly much greater in most natural red pine systems, these results indicate that fairly large variations in environment during development of juvenile wood in seedlings may not leave an imprint retrievable from cell-size measurements made on the earliest rings of mature trees.
27
LeBlanc, David y Mark Terrell. "Dendroclimatic Analysis Using Thornwaite-Mather-Type Evapotranspiration Models: A Bridge Between Dendroevology and Forest Simulation Models". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262535.
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The objective of this study was to document correlations between radial growth of white oak (Quercus alba L.) at 128 sites in the eastern US and variables related to early growing season site water balance, including the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration (AE/PE) computed based on the procedure described by Thornthwaite and Mather (1957). White oak radial growth was strongly correlated with all measures of early growing season water balance, but was most consistently and strongly correlated with Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDI) and AE /PE ratio computed using a modified Thornthwaite-Mather model. We propose that dendroecological analyses of tree growth responses to climate based on AE /PE variables could provide empirical data useful for improving climate response algorithms in forest simulation models. This change of standard practice could also improve biological interpretations derived from such dendroecological analyses.
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Sheppard, Paul A., Pere Cassals y Emilia Gutiérrez. "Relationships Between Ring-Width Variation and Soil Nutrient Availability at the Tree Scale". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262537.
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Within the framework of the linear aggregate model of dendrochronology, the potential role of soil nutrient availability in explaining multi-decadal variation in radial growth at the tree level was studied in the central Spanish Pyrenees. Increment cores were collected from 20 mature Pinus uncinata Ram. and analyzed dendrochronologically. One ion-exchange resin capsule was buried within the root zone of each sampled tree for just over eight months. The resins were chemically extracted and measured for NH₄, NO PO₄, Ca, and K. Statistical relationships between indexed tree growth and soil nutrient availability were determined with regression analysis and bivariate plots. The single most important soil nutrient with respect to decadal-scale dendrochronological tree-growth variables in this study was N in the form NO which explained 22% of variation of trend in growth since 1950. The 20 values of NO₃ availability fell into two subgroups, one of trees with relatively higher NO₃ availability and the other with lower NO₃ availability. When the tree-growth data were grouped based on NO₃ availability, the two resultant index chronologies had different low-frequency features since 1950. Trees with low NO₃ availability have been growing as expected based on past growth, but trees with high NO availability have been growing better than expected. Measuring and analyzing soil nutrient availability at the tree level might enhance environmental applications of dendrochronological research. With soils information at this spatial scale, it is possible to distinguish between subgroups of trees within a tree-ring site and thereby construct subchronologies that differ significantly, especially for variation at the decadal scale. Subsite-chronologies may then lead to different and presumably more informative environmental interpretations relative to those based on a full-site chronology.
29
Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "Book Review". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262538.
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Hohl, Roman, Fritz Hans Schweingruber y Hans-Heinrich Schiesser. "Reconstruction of Severe Hailstorm Occurrence with Tree Rings: A Case Study in Central Switzerland". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262541.
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Dendrochronological methods were used to date hail injuries in tree rings of six mountain pines (Pinus mugo var. uncinata) at a site in central Switzerland. Annually dated injuries (1939-1996) were in 89% of the cases attributable to years with severe regional hailstorm occurrence (1957-1996). Days with severe hailstorms were successfully dated in either the earlywood and /or latewood portions of a tree ring in a given year. Tree rings provide an alternative proxy to existing data for reconstructing past severe hailstorm occurrence.
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Tarhule, Andover y Malcolm K. Hughes. "Tree-Ring Research in Semi-Arid West Africa: Need and Potential". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262542.
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High-resolution paleoclimatic data for West Africa are needed to provide context for contemporary climatic and ecological dynamics. Six hundred trees (22 botanical families, 43 genera and over 70 species) from semi-arid West Africa were evaluated for their suitability for dendrochronological research; specifically ring development. The samples were classified as 'potentially useful', 'problematic', or 'poor' based on the presence and distinctiveness of annual rings, ability to achieve crossdating between radii using skeleton plots on at least some samples, circuit uniformity, ring wedging, and variability of ring widths. Samples were classified as potentially useful if (a) they exhibited distinctive annual rings that could be identified and counted with little uncertainty and be independently verified by a second person with little or no error, (b) crossdating between radii could be successfully achieved, at least on some samples, (c) the rings were generally consistent throughout the stem cross section, (d) ring wedging was minimal (in the relative sense) or absent, and (e) the ring widths were variable, indicating the possibility of climatic sensitivity. Seven species, including five from the Caesalpiniaceae family (Cassia sieberiana, Cordyla pinnata, Daniella oliveri, Isoberlinia doka, Tamarindus indica), and one each from Mimosaceae (Acacia seyal) and Verbenaceae (Gmelina arborea) families, that most closely satisfied these criteria were classified as 'potentially useful'. The 'problematic' category includes those samples that satisfied some of the criteria but for which greater diligence is required to detect rings. Eight species from three families were classified in this category. Finally those samples on which ring detection appears futile given current methods and techniques were classified as 'poor'. Most of the samples classified as 'potentially useful' belong to three botanical families, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosacae, and Verbenaceae. These results are consistent with the findings of other studies, and therefore support further investigation of the potential of West African trees for tree-ring analysis focusing on these families. Furthermore, inability to crossdate between trees and to explain several ring anatomical features underscores the pressing need for comprehensive field studies of cambial activity during the growing season, and for the identification of dormant seasons. This requirement, and other difficulties discussed suggest a need for increasing the local dendrochronological expertise in West Africa.
32
Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "Software Review". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262544.
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Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "Canons for Writing and Editing Manuscripts". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262545.
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Writing is much like any other activity-the more you read and write, the more proficient you become as a scientist. Here, I provide canons for writing and editing scientific papers that should help novice writers avoid common hazards that could render a manuscript unpublishable. Abstracts should be well-written and concise and contain all the major results and conclusions. The manuscript should be well organized. Sentences in all paragraphs should stick to the central theme of the paragraph. Writers should provide Latin names for species analyzed, and should use SI units in all cases. The use of bulleted lists, active voice, and commas after introductory phrases will improve the clarity of the manuscript. Tables and figures should be clear, well-organized, stand-alone accessories to the text, and usually convey data and results that are numerous or complex. Writers should avoid both plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and should have their manuscript proofread before submitting to a journal. Finally, authors should consult primary references (such as Scientific Style and Format, published by the Council of Biology Editors in 1994) to become familiar with troublesome words and phrases.
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Pohl, Kelly, Matthew D. Therrell, Jorge Santiago Blay, Nicole Ayotte, Jose Jil Cabrera Hernandez, Sara Diaz Castro, Eladio Cornejo Oviedo et al. "A Cool Season Precipitation Reconstruction for Saltillo Mexico". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262547.
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Old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees were sampled in the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico and used to develop a 219-year chronology of earlywood width. This chronology is correlated with monthly precipitation totals from January to June recorded at Saltillo some 55 km northwest of the collection site. The chronology was used to reconstruct winter-spring precipitation (January-June total) from 1782-2000. The reconstruction indicates large interannual, decadal, and multidecadal variability in winter-spring precipitation over Saltillo. This variability is vaguely apparent in the short and discontinuous instrumental record from 1950-1998, with January-June totals ranging from 15 to 310 mm, multiyear droughts, and a negative trend in January-June precipitation over the last 50 years. The reconstruction indicates that severe dryness was prevalent over a 24-year period from 1857-1880. This mid-19th century drought exceeds the duration of any droughts witnessed during the 20th century. However, three episodes of winter-spring dryness have prevailed in the Saltillo region after 1950, a much higher frequency of decadal drought than estimated over the past 219 years and aggravating the regional water supply problems associated with this booming manufacturing and ranching center.
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Young, P. J. y M. K. Cleaveland. "Twisted Increment Cores: Getting it Straight". Tree-Ring Society, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262552.
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Increment cores that dry with a spiral twist are a problem in any study where a clear view of transverse wood anatomy is required. This problem may become acute when working with wood that is partially decomposed. After soaking cores in a urea solution, we can remove spiral twists by applying steam to the cores and gently twisting cores until they straighten. Treatment does not result in a serious distortion of ring widths.
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Grissino-Mayer, Henri D., Harry C. Blount y Alison C. Miller. "Tree-Ring Dating and the Ethnohistory of the Naval Stores Industry in Southern Georgia". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262554.
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Since the mid-1700s, slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) pines growing in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States were intentionally wounded ("boxed" and/or "chipped ") to induce the production of resin, which was then collected and distilled into turpentine and its derivatives (termed "gum naval stores "). Relicts from this once-dominant industry are seen throughout southern pine forests as boxed and chipped stumps or (rarely) still living trees. In this study, we dated the years of chipping on slash pines growing in two locations in Lowndes County, Georgia, to (1) better understand past forest land use patterns, and (2) raise public awareness of the ethnohistorical importance of these trees to the cultural heritage of southern Georgia. We collected cores from ten living trees with characteristic chipped surfaces ("catfaces ") from Taylor-Cowart Memorial Park (TCMP) in Valdosta, Georgia, and cross sections from ten chipped stumps in the area surrounding Lake Louise, 12 km south of Valdosta. We conclude that chipping at TCMP occurred in 1947-1948, while two chipping events occurred at Lake Louise around 1925 and between 1954-1956. Our dating was facilitated by observing periods of growth suppression, distorted and /or discolored rings, and the absence of some growth rings that may indicate possible chipping events. We recommend that these chipped stumps and living trees be preserved intact for their ethnohistorical significance, educational importance, and potential for future research.
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Thomsen, Gerner. "Response to Winter Precipitation in Ring-Width Chronologies of Pinus Sylvestris L. from the Northwestern Siberian Plain, Russia". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262555.
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Six mean ring-width tree-ring chronologies were constructed for living Scots pine (Pious sylvestris L.), growing near the species' upper and northern limits in the area between the Ob River and the subpolar Ural Mountains in Russia. All ring-width series were standardized by fitting cubic smoothing splines and chronologies were constructed as biweight robust means. The six chronologies ranged from 181 to 276 years in length. Response function analysis showed all chronologies to have negative responses to winter precipitation. Most chronologies also showed positive, but relatively low responses to temperatures of the current and previous summer. Total October-May precipitation was reconstructed back to A.D. 1843 using the lagged and unlagged chronologies as candidate predictors. In addition to reflecting an unstable and time-varying growth-climate link, moderate verification results may partly be due to problems with short verification periods. The reconstruction contains almost equal amounts of high-frequency (<8 years) and low-frequency ( >8 years) variations, among them a significant 30-year variation. The precipitation signal may add an important aspect to reconstructing paleoclimatic fluctuations in the northern hemisphere. Continuing work with the Scots pine from this area depends on improving the quality of a precipitation reconstruction and finding older living and subfossil wood.
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Fye, Falko K. y Malcolm K. Cleaveland. "Paleoclimatic Analyses of Tree-Ring Reconstructed Summer Drought in the United States, 1700-1978". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262556.
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A 155-point US grid of tree-ring reconstructed summer (JJA; Cook et al. 1996) averaged Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was used to document the history and investigate the external forcing of growingseason climate anomalies for the period 1700 to 1978. Statistical analysis software was used to composite years temporally by computing averages for the years of known dates of major potential climate-forcing events. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to display the composites as well as individual years. The forcing factors investigated were the 22-year Hale solar magnetic cycle, major El Niño (warm) and La Niña (cold) events based on the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and large magnitude low latitude volcanic eruptions. Positive and negative moisture anomalies appear around Iowa in the alternate 11-year sunspot cycles that make up the Hale solar magnetic cycle. Experimentation with the grouping of years in the Hale cycle composites led to unexplained spatial shifts of the moisture anomalies in the same region. The El Niño episodes usually show positive (wet) PDSI anomalies in the Southwest from California to Texas, while La Niña events usually have drought in the same area, with some inconsistent signals in the north central Plains and the Northwest. The eastern and northern US were unaffected by the Southern Oscillation, although the summer season reconstructed PDSI may have missed the SOI variation, which is primarily a winter signal. The three largest tropical volcanic eruptions since 1800 failed to follow a consistent pattern, but the 1815 eruption of Tambora in Indonesia was followed by a very strong positive growth anomaly in the Southwest in 1816 and 1817. Important regional studies with the winter-spring season could be done with this network of tree-ring chronologies and observed monthly PDSI data.
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Towner, Ronald, Dave Grow, June Psaltis y Alice Falzone. "The Importance of Sample Context in Dendroarchaeological Interpretation: An Example from Northwestern New Mexico, USA". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262558.
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Archaeological tree-ring samples provide environmental, chronological, and behavioral information about past human use of the landscape. Such information, however, can only be fully exploited if sample pro- veniences and beam attributes are completely documented. This paper discusses implications of the sample proveniences, beam attributes, and dates from McKean Pueblito, an eighteenth century Navajo site in northwestern New Mexico, USA. Although the date distribution suggests at least three different interpretations of the site construction history, the contextual data indicate that the site was built in AD 1708 and remodeled in 1713. Areal contextual and tree-ring data from McKean Pueblito and other sites in the area are used to discuss larger scale Navajo behavioral and demographic adaptations to the changing physical and social environments of eighteenth century New Mexico. These examples illustrate how sample context at various spatial scales can significantly enhance interpretations of tree-ring data.
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Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "FHX2 - Software for Analyzing Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Fire Regimes from Tree Rings". Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262559.
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Many studies use the temporal record of dendrochronologically-dated fire scars to document properties of fire regimes before human interference (e.g. fire suppression, logging, and agriculture) became pervasive. Such reconstructions provide vital information that can be used by land management agencies when designing and implementing fire management policies, and are especially useful for justifying the reintroduction of fire to areas where fire has long been excluded by humans. Tree-ring based fire history studies produce large quantities of data that require efficient tools for compilation, organization, and analysis. In this paper, I describe the development and use of FHX2, software comprised of individual modules designed specifically for (1) entering and archiving of fire history data, (2) creating graphs that display both temporal and spatial features of the site fire history, (3) conducting statistical analyses on fire intervals and seasonality, and (4) performing superposed epoch analysis to analyze climate /wildfire interactions. Although designed to analyze fire history, the software can be used to analyze any set of events recorded in the tree- ring record, such as growth suppressions and releases, floods, and insect outbreaks.
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Leavitt, Steven W. "Editor's Note". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262560.
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St, George Scott, Erik Nielsen, France Conciatori y Jacques Tardif. "Trends in Quercus Macrocarpa Vessel Areas and their Implications for Tree-Ring Paleoflood Studies". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262561.
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Changes in mean earlywood vessel areas in mature Quercus macrocarpa were analyzed to determine possible sources of bias in paleoflood records derived from anatomical tree-ring signatures. Tree-ring cores were collected at intervals along the vertical axis of four Q. macrocarpa in a flood-prone stand near the Red River in Manitoba. The WinCELL PRO image analysis system was used to measure mean vessel areas in each annual ring. Most cores displayed a pronounced juvenile increase in mean vessel area before stabilizing between 40 and 60 years. The lowest samples from several trees contain rings with anomalously small mean vessel areas that are coincident with high-magnitude Red River floods in 1950 and 1997. The anatomical response of Q. macrocarpa appears to be conditional on the relative timing of earlywood development and flooding. Flood signatures are most strongly developed near the tree base and become less evident up the trunk. Most signatures disappear between one and three meters in height. Differences in flood response between trees are likely caused by internal differences rather than hydrological or topographic factors. Paleoflood studies based on samples obtained exclusively at breast height may miss some anatomical flood signatures and underestimate flood frequency relative to earlier intervals.
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Yadav, Ram R. y Jayendra Singh. "Tree-Ring Analysis of Taxus Baccata from the Western Himalaya, India, and its Dendroclimatic Potential". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262563.
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A 345-year (AD 1656-2000) ring-width chronology of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) from the western Himalaya has been prepared. This provides the first record of a well crossdated ring-width chronology of yew from the Himalayan region, India. The mean temperature of the premonsoon (March-June) season has an indirect relationship with tree growth. The yew chronology is also significantly correlated with an Abies pindrow chronology prepared from the same stand as well as A. spectabilis from the treeline zone of an adjacent site. Such a significant relationship indicates the good potential of yew for dendroclimatic studies in the Himalayan region.
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Orvis, Kenneth H. y Henri D. Grissino-Mayer. "Standardizing the Reporting of Abrasive Papers Used to Surface Tree-Ring Samples". Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262564.
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Dendrochronologists traditionally report the grit size on abrasive papers used to prepare surfaces for tree-ring analysis, but significant differences exist in the measured particle size ranges defined by the different systems (e.g. FEPA, ANSI, ISO, JIS, etc.) used worldwide. The systems themselves are also subject to change and discontinuation. We propose that dendrochronologists report (1) the standard used to manufacture the grit (e.g. ANSI in the U.S.), (2) the grade within the standard (e.g. 400-grit), and (3) the SI equivalent measurements of mean or included-range grit-size dimensions (e.g. 20.6-23.6 μm). For example, rather than reporting our use of 60-grit or 400-grit, we would instead report ANSI 60-grit (250- 297 μm) and ANSI 400-grit (20.6-23.6 μm) sandpaper. Adopting SI equivalents will help standardize our methods by providing concise, replicable information about surface preparation, considered by many the most crucial step for helping to define clear ring boundaries and to ensure successful crossdating.
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Cooke, Barry J., William E. Miller y Jens Roland. "Survivorship Bias in the Tree-Ring Reconstructions of Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreaks Using Trembling Aspen". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262567.
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When trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) from northern Minnesota, USA, were sampled in 2000, the impact on annual radial growth of a 1951-1954 outbreak of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria [Hbn.]) was found to be just as strong and clear as it was when estimated from samples taken in 1955. During those 45 intervening years, at least three tent caterpillar outbreaks occurred, yet the statistical distribution of ring-width profiles did not change. This suggests that survivorship bias is not a major impediment to the use of aspen ring widths for inferring the magnitude of past tent caterpillar outbreaks.
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Billamboz, A. "Tree Rings and Wetland Occupation in Southwest Germany Between 2000 and 500 BC: Dendroarchaeology Beyond Dating in Tribute to F. H. Schweingruber". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262568.
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Within the framework of landscape and settlement archaeology, archaeological tree-ring data may contain information on the interrelation between humans, climate and environment. This study uses data collected through the systematic analysis and dendrochronological dating of timber from prehistoric lakeshore and bog sites in southwestern Germany spanning 2000 to 500 BC (i.e. Bronze and Early Iron Age). Crossdating various tree species associated with different ecosystems permits exploration of two areas: woodland development and human impact based principally on species determination from wood anatomy and dendrotypological analysis of a large sample series, and archaeological tree-ring data from a paleoecological and paleoclimatological perspective.
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Munro, Martin y Tom Swetnam. "In Memoriam: Richard L. Holmes, 1934-2003". Tree-Ring Society, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262569.
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Long, Austin. "In Memoriam- Paul E. Damon". Tree-Ring Society, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262619.
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Hallman, Christine, Tom Harlan y Howard Arnott. "Lost and Found: the Bristlecone Pine Collection". Tree-Ring Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262622.
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Dean, Jeffrey S. "In Memoriam- Robert E. Bell". Tree-Ring Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262644.
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