Artículos de revistas: "Dental public health South Australia Adelaide"

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Dwyer, Judith, Eileen Willis, and Janet Kelly. "Hospitals caring for rural Aboriginal patients: holding response and denial." Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14060.

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Objective To investigate how policy requiring cultural respect and attention to health equity is implemented in the care of rural and remote Aboriginal people in city hospitals. Methods Interviews with 26 staff in public hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia, were analysed (using a framework based on cultural competence) to identify their perceptions of the enabling strategies and systemic barriers against the implementation of official policy in the care of rural Aboriginal patients. Results The major underlying barriers were lack of knowledge and skills among staff generally, and the persistent use of ‘business as usual’ approaches in their hospitals, despite the clear need for proactive responses to the complex care journeys these patients undertake. Staff reported a sense that while they are required to provide responsive care, care systems often fail to authorise or guide necessary action to enable equitable care. Conclusions Staff caring for rural Aboriginal patients are required to respond to complex particular needs in the absence of effective authorisation. We suggest that systemic misinterpretation of the principle of equal treatment is an important barrier against the development of culturally competent organisations. What is known about this topic? The care received by Aboriginal patients is less effective than it is for the population generally, and access to care is poorer. Those in rural and remote settings experience both severe access barriers and predictable complexity in their patient care journeys. This situation persists despite high-level policies that require tailored responses to the particular needs of Aboriginal people. What does this paper add? Staff who care for these patients develop skills and modify care delivery to respond to their particular needs, but they do so in the absence of systematic policies, procedures and programs that would ‘build in’ or authorise the required responsiveness. What are the implications for practitioners? Systematic attention, at hospital and clinical unit level, to operationalising high policy goals is needed. The framework of cultural competence offers relevant guidance for efforts (at system, organisation and care delivery levels) to improve care, but requires organisations to address misinterpretation of the principle of equal treatment.

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Ellis, Sally L., George Tsourtos, Russell Waddell, Richard Woodman, and Emma R. Miller. "Changing Epidemiology of Gonorrhea in Adelaide, South Australia." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 47, no. 6 (June 2020): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000001162.

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Nitschke, Monika, David Simon, Keith Dear, Kamalesh Venugopal, Hubertus Jersmann, and Katrina Lyne. "Pollen Exposure and Cardiopulmonary Health Impacts in Adelaide, South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159093.

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(1) Background: Limited research has suggested that cardiopulmonary health outcomes should be considered in relation to pollen exposure. This study sets out to test the relationship between pollen types (grasses, trees, weeds) and cardiovascular, lower respiratory and COPD health outcomes using 15 years (2003–2017) of data gathered in Adelaide, South Australia; (2) Methods: A time-series analysis by months was conducted using cardiopulmonary data from hospital admissions, emergency presentations and ambulance callouts in relation to daily pollen concentrations in children (0–17) for lower respiratory outcomes and for adults (18+). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated over lags from 0 to 7 days; (3) Results: IRR increases in cardiovascular outcomes in March, May, and October were related to grass pollen, while increases in July, November, and December were related to tree pollen. IRRs ranged from IRR 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.10) to 1.25 (95% CI 1.12–1.40). COPD increases related to grass pollen occurred only in May. Pollen-related increases were observed for lower respiratory outcomes in adults and in children; (4) Conclusion: Notable increases in pollen-related associations with cardiopulmonary outcomes were not restricted to any one season. Prevention measures for pollen-related health effects should be widened to consider cardiopulmonary outcomes.

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Gregory, Gordon. "5TH NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH CONFERENCE 14-17 March 1999, Adelaide, South Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.1999.tb00494.x.

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Jones, K., M. Wakefield, and D. A. Turnbull. "Attitudes and experiences of restaurateurs regarding smoking bans in Adelaide, South Australia." Tobacco Control 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.8.1.62.

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Williams, Susan, Monika Nitschke, Berhanu Yazew Wondmagegn, Michael Tong, Jianjun Xiang, Alana Hansen, John Nairn, Jonathan Karnon, and Peng Bi. "Evaluating cost benefits from a heat health warning system in Adelaide, South Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 46, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13194.

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Drake, Tanya, and Lorraine van Gemert. "Standardising Client Identification across Adelaide Public Hospitals — An Update." Health Information Management 31, no. 3 (September 2003): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830303100313.

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To be able to integrate health information across multiple systems and locations, it is essential that the collection and maintenance of key client identifying demographic data be standardised. South Australia is now moving towards a rigorous approach of client identification across the eight public metropolitan hospitals to support the rollout of a clinical information system. The system is being implemented for all clinical services and an estimated 8,000 doctors, nurses and allied health professionals have been trained in its use. This paper discusses the development and scope of a new set of client identification data standards (for hospitals only) that have been designed to support this project.

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Keogh, Jennifer B., Kylie Lange, Rebecca Hogarth, and Peter M. Clifton. "Foods contributing to sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion in a group of Australian women." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 10 (August 31, 2012): 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004016.

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AbstractObjectivesTo identify food sources of Na in a group of community-dwelling women in Adelaide, South Australia. A secondary aim was to measure Na excretion in this group.DesignSurvey.SettingCommunity setting, Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsSeventy healthy women (mean age 48·6 (sd8·1) years, mean BMI 28·6 (sd6·3) kg/m2) living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia and participating in a validation study of an FFQ. Dietary intake was derived from two 4 d weighed food records. Foods from the 4 d weighed food records were grouped according to foods or food groups to establish contributors to Na intake. Na excretion was measured in two 24 h urine samples. Completeness of urine collections was verified using creatinine excretion.ResultsBread alone contributed 19·0 % of Na intake, with an overall contribution from the breads and cereals group of 32·5 %. Meat products contributed 14·4 % of intake, the dairy and eggs group (excluding cheese) 9·6 % and combination dishes (e.g. pizza, quiche, sandwiches and stir fry dishes) 8·4 %. Na excretion was 126 (sd42) mmol/d, i.e. approximately 7·6 (sd2.5) g salt/d. Seventy per cent of participants (n48) had Na excretion ≥100 mmol/d (146 (sd34) mmol/d).ConclusionsEffective Na reduction could be achieved by reducing the amount in staple foods such as bread and meat products.

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Nestor, Paul, and Cherrie Galletly. "The Employment of Consumers in Mental Health Services: Politically Correct Tokenism or Genuinely Useful?" Australasian Psychiatry 16, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560802196016.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the role of consumers as service providers and to describe the successful employment of peer support workers in a public mental health service. Conclusions: The Peer Support Worker program in Adelaide, South Australia is consistent with evidence obtained from previous research in demonstrating the successful training and employment of consumers as peer workers in a public mental health service.

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Booth, Sue. "Eating rough: food sources and acquisition practices of homeless young people in Adelaide, South Australia." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 2 (April 2006): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005848.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the food sources and acquisition practices used by homeless youth in Adelaide. This work is part of a larger study that aimed to examine the extent and nature of food insecurity among homeless youth.DesignCross-sectional design involving quantitative and qualitative methods.SettingFour health and welfare inner-city agencies serving homeless youth in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsA sample of 150 homeless youth aged between 15 and 24 years recruited from these agencies. Fifteen were selected via snowball sampling for interview.ResultsUse of welfare food sources was high (63%). Food from welfare agencies was supplemented by unorthodox food acquisition methods such as theft (65%), begging for money for food (61%), begging for food items (44%) and asking for help from friends and relatives (34%). Reasons given for non-usage of welfare food services included affordability, access, being too busy, shame or embarrassment.ConclusionsFood insecurity is a salient issue for some homeless youth in Adelaide. Clarifying food acquisition practices of food-insecure homeless youth is essential for rational planning and improvement of food-related services to meet their needs. Such an understanding also underpins the development of broader public policy responses that improve individual and household skills and resources to acquire food and ensure food security. Nutrition professionals, welfare professionals and policy-makers need to work sensitively with welfare food agencies and others to improve food access and food security for homeless youth.

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Xiang, Jianjun, Peng Bi, Dino Pisaniello, Alana Hansen, and Thomas Sullivan. "Association between high temperature and work-related injuries in Adelaide, South Australia, 2001–2010." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 71, no. 4 (December 13, 2013): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101584.

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Schrale, G., R. Boardman, and M. J. Blaskett. "Investigating Land Based Disposal of Bolivar Reclaimed Water, South Australia." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0022.

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The Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works (STW) processes the urban and industrial sewage from the northern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The treatment capacity is equivalent to the sewage production of 1.1 million people. The disposal of more than 40 000 ML of reclaimed water into the sea has caused a progressive degradation of about 950 ha of seagrass beds which threatens the sustainability of the fisheries and marine ecosystems of Gulf St. Vincent. The current practice will no longer be viable to achieve compliance with the SA Marine Environment Protection Act, 1990. A Inter-Departmental Working Party recommmended that the Bolivar reclaimed water be disposed by irrigation of suitable land on the coastal plains north of Adelaide. They proposed the construction of two pipelines: a 12 km long pipeline to extend the distribution of reclaimed water in the most intense portion of the 3 500 hectares of irrigated horticulture on the Northern Adelaide Plains, and a second, 18 km long pipeline to deliver the remainder to a more northerly site for irrigation of an estimated 4 000 hectares of hardwood plantations. The paper summarizes the findings as they relate to public health, environmental, technical and financial aspects of land based disposal. Land based disposal would completely eliminate the marine degradation and also arrest the over-use of the NAP underground water resources for horticulture. The total net costs over thirty years for land based disposal are about $ 21.8 million. The ‘horticultural' pipeline of the land based disposal scheme is expected to be commercially viable. A shortfall in revenue from the afforestation component is expected and may need to be considered as an environmental cost of ceasing marine disposal.

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Hustig, A., C. Bell, and R. Waddell. "An audit of pharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment in a public sexual health clinic in Adelaide, South Australia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 24, no. 5 (May 2013): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462412472792.

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Javanparast, Sara, Lareen Newman, Linda Sweet, and Ellen McIntyre. "Analysis of Breastfeeding Policies and Practices in Childcare Centres in Adelaide, South Australia." Maternal and Child Health Journal 16, no. 6 (September 25, 2011): 1276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0887-5.

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Mwanri, Lillian, Eunice Okyere, and Mariastella Pulvirenti. "Intergenerational Conflicts, Cultural Restraints and Suicide: Experiences of Young African People in Adelaide, South Australia." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 20, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0557-9.

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Thomson, William Murray, Andrew John Spencer, and Anne Gaughwin. "Testing a child dental neglect scale in South Australia." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 24, no. 5 (October 1996): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00875.x.

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Taylor, Michael, Sharyn Gaskin, Richard Bentham, and Dino Pisaniello. "Airborne fungal profiles in office buildings in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia: Background levels, diversity and seasonal variation." Indoor and Built Environment 23, no. 7 (August 14, 2013): 1002–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x13499172.

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Xiang, Jianjun, Alana Hansen, Dino Pisaniello, and Peng Bi. "O2C.5 Increasing costs of occupational injuries in association with high ambient temperatures in adelaide, south australia, 2000–2014." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A17.2—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.45.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of ambient temperature on compensation costs due to work-related injuries, and to provide an evidence base about the economic benefits of developing workplace heat prevention strategies in a warming climate.MethodsWorkers’ compensation claims obtained from SafeWork South Australia for 2000–2014 were transformed into daily time series format and merged with meteorological data. The relationship between temperature and compensation costs were estimated using a generalized linear model after controlling for long-term trends, seasonality, and day of week. A piecewise linear spline function was used to account for non-linearity.ResultsA total of 4 64 139 workers’ compensation claims were reported during the 15 year period in South Australia, resulting in AU$14.9 billion dollars compensation payment. Overall, it is a reversed V-shaped temperature-cost association. A 1°C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.1% (95% CI, 0.2%–2.0%) increase in daily injury compensation expenditure below 35.2°C. Specifically, significant increases of injury costs were observed in males (1.4%, 95% CI 0.3%–2.5%), young workers (3.0%, 95% CI 1.2%–4.9%), older workers≥65 years (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%), labourers (2.7%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.8%), machinery operators and drivers (3.5%, 95% CI 1.6%–5.3%) and the following industries: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (12.3%, 95% CI 2.2%–23.3%); construction (7.8%, 95% CI 0.02%–16.3%); and wholesale and retail trade (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%). Costs for compensating occupational burns and ‘skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases’ increased by 3.1% (95% CI 1.2%–5.1%) and 2.7% (95% CI 0.1%–5.4%) respectively, with a 1°C increase in maximum temperature.ConclusionThere is a significant association between temperature and work-related injury compensation costs in Adelaide, South Australia for certain subgroups. Heat attributable workers’ compensation costs may increase with the predicted rising temperature.

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Fudge, Elizabeth. "When I'm 64' Public Policy Influences on Wellbeing in Retirement." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 3 (1997): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97020.

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Findings from a qualitative study of recently retired non-professional men in the southern metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, highlighted policies that contributed to the men's feelings of increased autonomy and acceptance of retirement as a life stage; factors they related strongly to their experience of wellbeing in retirement. The policies aimed for full employment, high levels of home ownership, financial security in retirement, centralised wage fixing, high minimum wages and optional retirement age. However, the discourse of economic rationalism of Australian governments since the late 1980s appears to be placing many of these policies in jeopardy. Health workers are in a prime position to review, report and act on the effects on the health of citizens of such major policy changes. This article challenges them to do so in collaboration with the communities with whom they work.

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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Mette Groenkjaer, Wendy Casey, Helen Murray, and Warren Parfoot. "Racism and Injustice: Urban Aboriginal Women's Experiences when Patronising Licensed Premises in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 1 (2003): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03014.

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This paper presents the findings regarding urban, predominantly young, Aboriginal women's experiences of patronising licensed premises in South Australia. This research aimed to tap new information directly from the experiences of participants who lived in the southern metropolitan region of South Australia. It focused on their experiences of socialising at licensed premises such as pubs and clubs, locally, and in the city of Adelaide. A qualitative research design within the critical social Scientific paradigm was applied using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The recommendations developed from the findings, and the final community report, were developed collaboratively with participants and other Aboriginal women from their local community. Consistent with the experiences of other young non-Aboriginal women in South Australia, as reported by the chief investigator of this study, the findings of this research show that Aboriginal women try to enjoy socialising with friends and family in licensed premises such as pubs and clubs. However, the Aboriginal women were constrained by frequently experiencing racism and injustices when they tried to enter, or when inside, pubs and clubs. Being accused of stealing, prevented from entering or being expelled from venues, racist comments and being subjected to physical violence, conflict with bar and security staff and non-Aboriginal patrons, as well as lack of safety, were some of the issues these Aboriginal women have experienced in licensed premises in urban and suburban South Australia. This research now offers recommendations from the women that call for important changes in policy and service provision that can improve the conditions of Aboriginal women when they are visiting licensed premises.

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Yadav, Lalit, Tiffany K. Gill, Anita Taylor, Unyime Jasper, Jen De Young, Renuka Visvanathan, and Mellick J. Chehade. "Cocreation of a digital patient health hub to enhance education and person-centred integrated care post hip fracture: a mixed-methods study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e033128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033128.

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IntroductionOlder people with hip fractures often require long-term care and a crucial aspect is the provision of quality health information to patients and their carers to support continuity of care. If patients are well informed about their health condition and caring needs, particularly posthospital discharge into the community setting, this may support recovery and improve quality of life. As internet and mobile access reach every household, it is possible to deliver a new model of service using a digital education platform as a personal health hub where both patients and their providers of care can establish a more efficient information integration and exchange process. This protocol details proposed research, which aims to develop a ‘model of care’ by using a digital health solution that will allow delivery of high quality and patient-centred information, integrated into the existing process delivered within the community setting.Methods and analysisThis phase of the study uses a pragmatic mixed-methods design and a participatory approach through engagement of patients, their carers and healthcare providers from multiple disciplines to inform the development of a digital health platform. Quantitative methods will explore health literacy and e-health literacy among older people with hip fractures admitted to the two public tertiary care hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia. Qualitative methods will provide an understanding of aspects of content and context required for the digital health platform to be developed in order to deliver quality health information. The study will use appropriate theoretical frameworks and constructs to guide the design, analysis and overall conduct of the research study. The scope of the study intends to ultimately empower patients and their carers to improve self-management and to better use coordinated services at the community level. This could prevent further falls including associated injuries or new fractures; reduce new hospital admissions and improve confidence and engagement by limiting the psychologically restrictive ‘fear of falls’.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia (SA) Health, Government of South Australia and the University of Adelaide Human Research Ethics Committee. Findings from the study will be published in suitable peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through workshops or conferences.

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Booth, Susan L., and John Coveney. "Survival on the Streets: Prosocial and Moral Behaviors Among Food Insecure Homeless Youth in Adelaide, South Australia." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2007): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320240802080874.

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Lao, Jessica, Alana Hansen, Monika Nitschke, Scott Hanson-Easey, and Dino Pisaniello. "Working smart: An exploration of council workers’ experiences and perceptions of heat in Adelaide, South Australia." Safety Science 82 (February 2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.09.026.

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Truswell, A. S. "Report of an expert workshop on meat intake and colorectal cancer risk convened in December 1998 in Adelaide, South Australia." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 8, no. 3 (June 1999): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199906000-00002.

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Mehta, Kaye, Carolyn Dent, Georgia Middleton, and Sue Booth. "Personal development, wellbeing and empowerment gains for nutrition peer educators: a South Australian perspective." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz099.

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Abstract This study aimed to explore the experience of being a Community Foodies (CF) peer educator with respect to personal benefits, specifically, personal development, wellbeing and empowerment. Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews conducted with metropolitan and country peer educators of the CF programme. The CF programme in South Australia (SA) delivers nutrition education to disadvantaged communities. Ten adult peer educators from the CF programme: seven from country SA and three from Adelaide. Phenomenon of interest is that peer educators’ perceptions of personal growth and development from involvement in the CF programme. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed thematically. The experience of being a nutrition peer educator improved personal skills and knowledge, dietary habits, self-esteem, confidence, sense of belonging and civic engagement. Peer educators felt that the CF programme was run in a straightforward, easy to understand way, with a welcoming environment and abundant support from the coordinators. Apart from benefits to themselves, peer educators appeared to be most proud of their capacity to contribute to the nutritional health of the broader community. Peer education programmes in disadvantaged communities provide policy makers with valuable and cost-effective approaches to improve health, build self-efficacy, strengthen community engagement, and, foster active participation and trust.

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Bagheri, Nasser, Paul Konings, Kinley Wangdi, Anne Parkinson, Soumya Mazumdar, Elizabeth Sturgiss, Aparna Lal, Kirsty Douglas, and Nicholas Glasgow. "Identifying hotspots of type 2 diabetes risk using general practice data and geospatial analysis: an approach to inform policy and practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19043.

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide and there is a need to identify communities with a high-risk profile and to develop appropriate primary care interventions. This study aimed to predict future T2D risk and identify community-level geographic variations using general practices data. The Australian T2D risk assessment (AUSDRISK) tool was used to calculate the individual T2D risk scores using 55693 clinical records from 16 general practices in west Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Spatial clusters and potential ‘hotspots’ of T2D risk were examined using Local Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord Gi* techniques. Further, the correlation between T2D risk and the socioeconomic status of communities were mapped. Individual risk scores were categorised into three groups: low risk (34.0% of participants), moderate risk (35.2% of participants) and high risk (30.8% of participants). Spatial analysis showed heterogeneity in T2D risk across communities, with significant clusters in the central part of the study area. These study results suggest that routinely collected data from general practices offer a rich source of data that may be a useful and efficient approach for identifying T2D hotspots across communities. Mapping aggregated T2D risk offers a novel approach to identifying areas of unmet need.

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Nitschke, Monika, Keith Brian Gordon Dear, Kamalesh Venugopal, Katrina Margaret Rose Lyne, Hubertus Paul Anton Jersmann, David Leslie Simon, and Nicola Spurrier. "Association between grass, tree and weed pollen and asthma health outcomes in Adelaide, South Australia: a time series regression analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e066851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066851.

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ObjectivesWe aim to establish daily risk estimates of the relationships between grass, tree and weed pollen and asthma health outcomes.DesignTime series regression analysis of exposure and health outcomes using interaction by month to determine risk estimates all year round.SettingMetropolitan Adelaide, South Australia.ParticipantsHealth outcomes for asthma are based on 15 years of hospital admissions, 13 years emergency presentations and ambulance callouts. In adults (≥18 years), there were 10 381 hospitalisations, 26 098 emergency department (ED) presentations and 11 799 ambulance callouts and in children (0–17 years), 22 114, 39 813 and 3774, respectively.Outcome measuresThe cumulative effect of 7 day lags was calculated as the sum of the coefficients and reported as incidence rate ratio (IRR) related to an increase in 10 grains of pollen/m3.ResultsIn relation to grass pollen, children and adults were disparate in their timing of health effects. Asthma outcomes in children were positively related to grass pollen in May, and for adults in October. Positive associations with weed pollen in children was seen from February to May across all health outcomes. For adults, weed pollen-related health outcomes were restricted to February. Adults were not affected by tree pollen, while children’s asthma morbidity was associated with tree pollen in August and September. In children, IRRs ranged from 1.14 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.21) for ED presentations for tree pollen in August to 1.98 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.72) for weed pollen in February. In adults, IRRs ranged from 1.28 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.62) for weed pollen in February to 1.31 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.57) for grass pollen in October.ConclusionMonthly risk assessment indicated that most pollen-related asthma health outcomes in children occur in the colder part of the year, while adults are affected in the warm season. The findings indicate a need for year-round pollen monitoring and related health campaigns to provide effective public health prevention.

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Chan, Alice Kit Ying, Manisha Tamrakar, Chloe Meng Jiang, Edward Chin Man Lo, Katherine Chiu Man Leung, and Chun Hung Chu. "A Systematic Review on Caries Status of Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 10662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010662.

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The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on caries prevalence in older adults aged 60 years or above around the globe. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search of English publications from January 2016 to December 2020 using Pubmed, Scopus, Embase/Ovid and Web of Science. The MeSH terms used were “dental caries”, “root caries”, “DMF index”, “aged” and “aged 80 and over”. Further searches in Google Scholar retrieved eight additional publications. The epidemiological surveys reporting the prevalence of dental caries or root caries or caries experience using DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and DFR (decayed and filled root) in older adults aged 60 years or above were included. Quality of the publications was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Among the 5271 identified publications, 39 articles of moderate or good quality were included. Twenty studies were conducted in Asia (China, India, Vietnam, Singapore and Turkey), ten in Europe (Ireland, Norway, Finland, Germany, Portugal, Poland, Romania and Kosovo), three in North America (USA and Mexico), one in South America (Brazil), two in Oceania (Australia) and three in Africa (Malawi, Egypt and South Africa). The prevalence of dental caries ranged from 25% (Australia) to 99% (South Africa), while the prevalence of root caries ranged from 8% (Finland) to 74% (Brazil) in community dwellers. The situation was even worse in institutionalised older adults of which the mean DMFT score varied from 6.9 (Malawi) to 29.7 (South Africa). Based on the included studies published in the last 5 years, caries is still prevalent in older adults worldwide and their prevalence varies across countries.

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Cusack, Lynette, Antonia van Loon, Debbie Kralik, Paul Arbon, and Sandy Gilbert. "Extreme weather-related health needs of people who are homeless." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 3 (2013): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12048.

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To identify the extreme weather-related health needs of homeless people and the response by homeless service providers in Adelaide, South Australia, a five-phased qualitative interpretive study was undertaken. (1) Literature review, followed by semi-structured interviews with 25 homeless people to ascertain health needs during extreme weather events. (2) Identification of homeless services. (3) Semi-structured interviews with 16 homeless service providers regarding their response to the health needs of homeless people at times of extreme weather. (4) Gap analysis. (5) Suggestions for policy and planning. People experiencing homelessness describe adverse health impacts more from extreme cold, than extreme hot weather. They considered their health suffered more, because of wet bedding, clothes and shoes. They felt more depressed and less able to keep themselves well during cold, wet winters. However, homeless service providers were more focussed on planning for extra service responses during times of extreme heat rather than extreme cold. Even though a city may be considered to have a temperate climate with a history of very hot summers, primary homeless populations have health needs during winter months. The experiences and needs of homeless people should be considered in extreme weather policy and when planning responses.

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Soltani, Ali, and Ehsan Sharifi. "Understanding and Analysing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in Micro-Scale." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019040102.

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The shortage of vegetation cover alongside urban structures and land hardscape in cities causes an artificial temperature increase in urban environments known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The artificial heat stress in cities has a particular threat for usability and health-safety of outdoor living in public space. Australia may face a likely 3.8°C increase in surface temperature by 2090. Such an increase in temperature will have a severe impact on regional and local climate systems, natural ecosystems, and human life in cities. This paper aims to determine the patterns of the UHI effect in micro-scale of Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia. The urban near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was measured along a linear east-west cross-section of the metropolitan area via mobile traverse method between 26 July 2013 and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the while the maximum UHI effect occurs at midnight in the central business district (CBD) area in Adelaide, the afternoon urban warmth has more temperature variations (point-to-point variation), especially during the late afternoon when local air temperature is normally in its peak. Thus, critical measurement of heat-health consequences of the UHI effect need to be focused on the afternoon heat stress conditions in UHIs rather than the commonly known night time phenomenon. This mobile traverse urban heat study of Adelaide supports the hypothesis that the UHI effect varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. Classical UHI measurements are commonly performed during the night – when the urban-rural temperature differences are at their maximum. Thus, they fall short in addressing the issue of excess heat stress on human participants. However, having thermally comfortable urban microclimates is a fundamental characteristic of healthy and vibrant public spaces. Therefore, urban planning professionals and decision makers are required to consider diurnal heat stress alongside nocturnal urban heat islands in planning healthy cities. The results of this article show that the diurnal heat stress varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. This study confirms that the maximum urban heat stress occurs during late afternoon when both overall temperature and daily urban warmth are at their peak. Literature indicates that diurnal heat stress peaks in hard-landscapes urban settings while it may decrease in urban parklands and near water bodies. Therefore, urban greenery and surface water can assist achieving more liveable and healthy urban environments (generalisation requires further research). A better understanding of daily urban warmth variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.

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Almado, Haidar, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Application of spatial analysis technology to the planning of access to oral health care for at-risk populations in Australian capital cities." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 2 (2015): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13141.

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Australians are one of the healthiest populations in the world but there is strong evidence that health inequalities exist. Australia has 23.1 million people spread very unevenly over ~20 million square kilometres. This study aimed to apply spatial analysis tools to measure the spatial distribution of fixed adult public dental clinics in the eight metropolitan capital cities of Australia. All population data for metropolitan areas of the eight capital cities were integrated with socioeconomic data and health-service locations, using Geographic Information Systems, and then analysed. The adult population was divided into three subgroups according to age, consisting of 15-year-olds and over (n = 7.2 million), retirees 65 years and over (n = 1.2 million), and the elderly, who were 85 years and over (n = 0.15 million). It was evident that the States fell into two groups; Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia in one cluster, and Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia in the other. In the first group, the average proportion of the population of low socioeconomic status living in metropolitan areas within 2.5 km of a government dental clinic is 13%, while for the other cluster, it is 42%. The clustering remains true at 5 km from the clinics. The first cluster finds that almost half (46%) of the poorest 30% of the population live within 5 km of a government dental clinic. The other cluster of States finds nearly double that proportion (86%). The results from this study indicated that access distances to government dental services differ substantially in metropolitan areas of the major Australian capital cities.

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Conquest, Jennifer Hanthorn, John Skinner, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "A Comparison of Three Payment Systems for Public Paediatric Dental Services." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): i21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.35.

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Objective: This study investigated the delivery of paediatric (0-17 years) government dental services in New South Wales (NSW), Australia through public dental clinics and the commissioned payments models of Fee-for-Service and Capped-Fee.  Method: De-identified patient data from government provided dental care and the commissioned services was sourced from NSW Oral Health Data Warehouse for evaluation and interpretation using descriptive analysis during the period 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013.  Result: The breakdown of dental care provided the associated cost analysis for the study’s cohort that resulted in both years, more than 50 percent dental services offered to paediatric patients were preventive care in all payment systems. The most common preventive items offered were fluoride treatment, dietary advice, oral health education and fissure sealants. Conclusion: There was little difference in the mix of dental care provided between study years and age groups through the three payment systems in NSW. The difference between the government services and those provided via the Fee-for-Service and Capitation payment systems was negligible. This has important implications for the delivery of dental care to public dental care, particularly when patients may not live close to a public dental clinic and also with the interest nationally in giving patients greater choice.

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33

Cuthbert, P. "Olympic Dam: BHP thinking big about the future." Annals of the ICRP 49, no. 1_suppl (December 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146645320960681.

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Olympic Dam is one of the world’s most significant polymetallic orebodies producing copper, uranium, gold, and silver in remote South Australia. The polymetallic deposit is located 520 km north-northwest of Adelaide, South Australia and has an inferred resource of 2660 Mt at 1.2% Cu, 1.4 kg t−1 U3Os, and 0.5 g t−1 Au. Ore is mined from the underground operation at a rate of approximately 10 mt year−1, and is processed on site through a concentrator and hydrometallurgical facility, smelter, and electrolytic refinery. Olympic Dam is one of the only sites in the world to claim the ‘mine to market’ title. Protection of the workforce and the environment has been a primary focus for the operations through its 30+ year life and will continue to be into the future. Broken Hill Propriety Company (BHP) believes that its most important asset is its people. With such a large orebody and a very long potential mine life, it is important to think strategically about the future to ensure the viability of the operation. This requires development of mine and surface processing facilities in a staged manner. Importantly, it also involves the development of people. This presentation provides an overview of BHP’s work at Olympic Dam and outlines development plans for Olympic Dam into the future. © 2020 ICRP. Published by SAGE.

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Kalucy, Ross, Lyndall Thomas, and Diane King. "Changing Demand for Mental Health Services in the Emergency Department of a Public Hospital." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01512.x.

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Objective: Deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming may have contributed to increased attendance in public emergency departments by people with mental health problems. This study describes changing patterns of attendances by patients with mental health problems to the emergency department (ED) of a public teaching hospital in Adelaide, South Australia. Method: Records from a 10-year period from the ED were examined to identify changes in the number of, and diagnoses for, patients attending for primarily mental health concerns. Admission rates, detention and length of stay (LOS) were also examined in an attempt to identify trends. Results: A tenfold increase in the number of patients attending the ED with primarily mental health problems has occurred over the 10-year period. This is within the context of relatively stable total ED presentations. The increase has been observed in all diagnostic categories although the greatest increase, by percentage, has been for psychotic disorders. A lesser increase was observed for patients presenting with overdose. People presenting with psychotic disorders are also more likely to be detained and admitted. LOS in the ED has also increased along with increasing demand. Conclusions: Reasons for the increased demand are likely multifactorial. While deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming have contributed, the closure of the ED at the local psychiatric hospital does not account entirely for the change. Insufficient community-based mental health services may also contribute to the reasons why people present to the ED and lack of inpatient beds contributes to the increasing LOS experienced in the ED.

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35

Hart, G. "Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Infection." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 2 (March 1993): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400209.

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Men and women patients not previously immunized or tested, attending the Adelaide (South Australia) STD clinic from 1988–1991, were tested for hepatitis B infection, and potential risk factors detected by multiple logistic regression. Of 7055 men and 3425 women patients tested 811 (11.5%) men and 250 (7.3%) women were seropositive. Among men seropositivity was associated with being Asian (odds ratio (OR) = 14.5), being Aboriginal (OR = 2.2), homosexual behaviour (OR = 3.8), intravenous drug use (OR = 3.2) being over 24 (OR = 2.7), previous STD (OR = 1.8), being unemployed (OR = 1.3) and having sex outside the state in the past 3 months (OR = 1.3). Among women seropositivity was associated with being Asian (OR = 10.3), being Aboriginal (OR = 2.4), intravenous drug use (OR = 3.8), being over 24 (OR = 1.6) and having vaginal discharge or dysuria (OR = 1.4). Seropositivity was not independently associated with being a prostitute or having multiple sex partners in the past 3 months. Among seropositive individuals, risk factors were not readily identifiable for 15% of men and 43% of women. Univariate analysis may provide misleading indicators of risk factors because of the confounding influence of other factors, particularly intravenous drug use. In selective vaccination campaigns the target group should be determined on the basis of local circumstances. In South Australia this group should include men with an STD. The success of selective campaigns will be jeopardized by the failure to identify risk factors in many of those who become infected, and in such situations universal vaccination or widespread screening may be more appropriate strategies.

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Newcombe, David, Rachel Humeniuk, Victoria Dennington, and Robert Ali. "Participant perspectives on the Australian WHO ASSIST Phase III brief intervention for illicit drug use in a primary healthcare setting." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 6 (2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18035.

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This study explored the experience and self-reported changes in health behaviours of people in a primary healthcare setting who received a brief intervention (BI) for illicit drugs linked to the Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Eighty-two participants from a sexual health clinic in Adelaide, South Australia, who were involved in a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of an ASSIST-linked BI delivered at baseline, were re-interviewed 3 months later and were administered a semi-structured questionnaire designed to elicit participant perspectives on the BI. Overall, participants’ comments were positive, with 78% reporting that the BI had some influence on their drug-taking behaviour; 72% reporting they had attempted to reduce drug use. Their comments highlighted several ways in which the BI helped them become ‘aware’ of the potential risks of using, the risks of continued substance use, the benefits of stopping or cutting down substance use and the strategies they used to change their behaviour. A smaller proportion of participants reported that the BI had no influence. These results indicate the ASSIST-linked BI is a brief, simple-to-administer intervention that provides participants with an opportunity to voluntarily and successfully enter into an intentional process of change.

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C. Kalucy, Elizabeth, Gwyneth Jolley, and Soi Yeng Lewis. "Continuity of Care from the Consumer Perspective." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 3 (1996): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96038.

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Do consumers' views on the concept of continuity of care differ from those of health workers and policy makers? Eight focus groups were conducted in Adelaide and in rural South Australia with consumers who had used a range of health services. Their concept of continuity of care included being cared for beyond the episode of consultation by health workers who took into account many aspects of their health and social situation, and being linked to other health and community services. The issues that affected consumers' experience of continuity of care were: availability of services; access including transport and language; communication with and between health workers; information transfer; and access to information. Most of the consumers nominated themselves or their general practitioners as their current care co-ordinator. They felt that formal care co-ordination for chronic and complex conditions was necessary when many workers were involved. The features of the consumers' views on continuity of care were closest to the definition from the National Review of Primary Health Care: involving collaboration and communication between all the providers engaged in the care of an individual and the recognition that consumers and their carers should be seen as members of the health care team.

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38

Conquest, Jennifer Hanthorn, John Skinner, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Oral Health Profiling for Young and Older Adults: A Descriptive Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179033.

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The purpose of this study was to trial the suitability of an oral health promotion toolkit in a chair-side setting to determine: an individual’s knowledge; understanding of oral and general health behaviour and evaluate the commitment of dental practitioners to undertake an assessment of the individual’s attitude and aptitude to undertake a home care preventive plan. All participants were 18 years and over and came from low socio-economic backgrounds in rural New South Wales, Australia. The study evaluated 59 case studies regarding their knowledge of oral and general health. The study included an oral health profiling questionnaire, based on validated oral health promotion outcome measures, a full course of dental care provided by a private dental practitioner or a dental student. Out of the 59 participants, 47% of participants cleaned their teeth twice per day, 69% used fluoride toothpaste and 47% applied the toothpaste over all the bristles. The questionnaire, based on Watt et al. (2004) verified oral health prevention outcome measures was a sound approach to determine an individual’s knowledge, understanding of oral and general health behaviour. However, dental practitioners’ commitment to assessing the individual was low.

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Skinner, John, Yvonne Dimitropoulos, Angela Masoe, Albert Yaacoub, Roy Byun, Boe Rambaldini, Vita Christie, and Kylie Gwynne. "Aboriginal dental assistants can safely apply fluoride varnish in regional, rural and remote primary schools in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 28, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12657.

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40

Carroll, Suzanne J., Michael J. Dale, Anne W. Taylor, and Mark Daniel. "Contributions of Multiple Built Environment Features to 10-Year Change in Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a South Australian Middle-Aged Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030870.

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Residential areas may shape health, yet few studies are longitudinal or concurrently test relationships between multiple residential features and health. This longitudinal study concurrently assessed the contributions of multiple environmental features to 10-year change in clinically measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Longitudinal data for adults (18+ years of age, n = 2253) from the north-west of Adelaide, Australia were linked to built environment measures representing the physical activity and food environment (expressed for residence-based 1600 m road-network buffers) and area education. Associations were concurrently estimated using latent growth models. In models including all environmental exposure measures, area education was associated with change in BMI and WC (protective effects). Dwelling density was associated with worsening BMI and WC but also highly correlated with area education and moderately correlated with count of fast food outlets. Public open space (POS) area was associated with worsening WC. Intersection density, land use mix, greenness, and a retail food environment index were not associated with change in BMI or WC. This study found greater dwelling density and POS area exacerbated increases in BMI and WC. Greater area education was protective against worsening body size. Interventions should consider dwelling density and POS, and target areas with low SES.

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41

Russell, Grant, Susannah Westbury, Sharon Clifford, Elizabeth Sturgiss, Anna Fragkoudi, Rob Macindoe, Deborah Stuart, Marina Kunin, Jill Walsh, and Cathie Scott. "Improving access for the vulnerable: a mixed-methods feasibility study of a pop-up model of care in south-eastern Melbourne, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 28, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21188.

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Access to appropriate health and social care is challenging for vulnerable populations. We used a ‘pop-up’ delivery model to bring community-based services in contact with communities with poor access to health and social care. Our aim was to examine whether pop-up events improve access to essential health and social support services for selected vulnerable communities and increase collaboration between community-based health and social services. Set in south-eastern Melbourne, two pop-up events were held, one with people at risk of homelessness attending a community lunch and the other with South Sudanese women helping at-risk youth. Providers represented 20 dental, housing, justice, employment and mental health services. We made structured observations of each event and held semi-structured interviews with consumers and providers. Pre-post surveys of managers assessed acceptability and perceived impact. We reached 100 community participants who had multiple needs, particularly for dentistry. Following the events, participants reported increased knowledge of services and access pathways, community members spoke of increased trust and partnerships between service providers were fostered. The pop-up model can increase provider collaboration and provide new options for vulnerable populations to access needed services. ‘Bringing the service to the person’ is a compelling alternative to asking consumers to negotiate complex access pathways.

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42

Yap, Lorraine, Juliet Richters, Tony Butler, Karen Schneider, Kristie Kirkwood, and Basil Donovan. "Sexual practices and dental dam use among women prisoners - a mixed methods study." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09138.

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Background: Dental dams have been distributed to women prisoners for protection against HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in some Canadian and Australian prisons for over a decade. However, we do not know whether they serve any useful public health purpose. Objective: To determine how dental dams are used in women’s prisons in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Method: Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we investigated women’s sexual practices with a focus on how dental dams are used in NSW prisons. Results: Although 71 of the 199 (36%) women reported having had sex with another inmate, with oral sex involved in most encounters, only eight (4%) had ever used a dental dam. The main sources of STI transmission risk among women prisoners were oral sex, manual sex and sharing dildos. Furthermore, sharing razors could also allow the transmission of blood-borne viruses, which could occur during sex in the presence of cuts or menstrual fluid. The high rates of hepatitis B and C among incarcerated women compound this risk. Conclusion: Dental dams are not widely used by women prisoners and we question their utility in women’s prisons. Oral sex is an important risk factor for acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 1, but most women in NSW prisons (89%) are already infected. Condoms and latex gloves may have more use. Condoms could be used as a barrier on shared dildos and sex toys, while latex gloves could be used to protect cut and grazed hands from vaginal and menstrual fluids.

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Krichauff, Skye, Joanne Hedges, and Lisa Jamieson. "‘There’s a Wall There—And That Wall Is Higher from Our Side’: Drawing on Qualitative Interviews to Improve Indigenous Australians’ Experiences of Dental Health Services." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186496.

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Indigenous Australians experience high levels of untreated dental disease compared to non-Indigenous Australians. We sought to gain insight into barriers that prevent Indigenous Australians from seeking timely and preventive dental care. A qualitative study design was implemented, using face-to-face interviews conducted December 2019 to February 2020. Participants were 20 Indigenous Australians (10 women and 10 men) representing six South Australian Indigenous groups; Ngarrindjeri, Narungga, Kaurna, Ngadjuri, Wiramu, and Adnyamathanha. Age range was middle-aged to elderly. The setting was participants’ homes or workplaces. The main outcome measures were barriers and enablers to accessing timely and appropriate dental care. The findings were broadly grouped into eight domains: (1) fear of dentists; (2) confusion regarding availability of dental services; (3) difficulties making dental appointments; (4) waiting times; (5) attitudes and empathy of dental health service staff; (6) cultural friendliness of dental health service space; (7) availability of public transport and parking costs; and (8) ease of access to dental clinic. The findings indicate that many of the barriers to Indigenous people accessing timely and appropriate dental care may be easily remedied. Cultural competency training enables barriers to timely access and provision of dental care to Indigenous Australians to be addressed. The findings provide important context to better enable health providers and policy makers to put in place appropriate measures to improve Indigenous people’s oral health, and the Indigenous oral health workforce in Australia.

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Masoe, AV, AS Blinkhorn, J. Taylor, and FA Blinkhorn. "Preventive management plans recorded by dental therapists and oral health therapists using clinical vignettes for adolescents accessing public oral health services in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Dental Journal 61, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adj.12336.

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Hammersley, Megan L., Joanne Hedges, Brianna F. Poirier, Lisa M. Jamieson, and Lisa G. Smithers. "Strategies to Support Sustained Participant Engagement in an Oral Health Promotion Study for Indigenous Children and Their Families in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138112.

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The health inequities of Indigenous peoples compared with non-Indigenous peoples are significant and long-standing across many countries. Colonisation and dispossession of land and culture has led to profound and devastating consequences on the health of Indigenous peoples. A lack of trust and cultural security of health services remains a barrier to participation in health care services. Similarly, engagement in research activities is also hindered by a history of unethical research practices. Creating partnerships between researchers and Indigenous communities is key in developing research studies that are culturally appropriate, acceptable and relevant to the needs of Indigenous peoples. Baby Teeth Talk was a randomised controlled trial conducted with Indigenous children and their mothers in South Australia that tested an intervention involving dental care, anticipatory guidance on oral health and dietary intake, and motivational interviewing. The study was developed in consultation and partnership with local Indigenous communities in South Australia and overseen by the study’s Aboriginal reference group. The recruitment and retention of participants in the study has been strong over numerous waves of follow-up. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategies employed in the study that contributed to the successful and sustained engagement of the participants. These strategies included the establishment of an Aboriginal reference group, building relationships with organisations and community, flexibility of appointment scheduling and allocating adequate time, reimbursement for participant time, developing rapport with participants, encouraging participant self-determination, and adaptation of dietary data collection to better suit participants.

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46

Askell-Williams, Helen, and Michael J. Lawson. "Relationships between students’ mental health and their perspectives of life at school." Health Education 115, no. 3/4 (June 1, 2015): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-02-2014-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between students’ self-reported mental health and their perspectives about life at school in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a purpose designed Living and Learning at School Questionnaire (LLSQ) were administered to 1,715 early adolescents in school Years 7-9. Correspondence analysis, which is a perceptual mapping technique available in SPSS, was used to examine relationships between students’ SDQ subscale scores (Emotional Symptoms, Hyperactivity, Conduct Problems, Pro-social Skills) and the LLSQ subscale scores (Motivation, Learning Strategies, Coping with Schoolwork, Bullying, Numbers of Friends, Safety at School and Teacher Intervention in Bullying Events). Findings – The correspondence analysis produced a two-dimensional visual display (a perceptual map) showing that students’ abnormal, borderline and normal SDQ subscale scores were closely related to their low, medium and high LLSQ subscale scores, respectively. A clear Dimension (factor) emerged, showing a progression from mental health difficulties to strengths, in close association with students’ reports about their school experiences. Research limitations/implications – Caution should be exercised when using the results to interpret events in other contexts. The limitations of self-report methods must be considered. Practical implications – The two-dimensional visual display provides a powerful tool for dissemination of the findings of this study about students’ perspectives to system-level and school-based personnel. This can inform the selection of intervention programs, such as strategies for self-regulation of emotions and learning behaviours, fostering friendships, and supporting academic achievement, that are related to positive mental health. Social implications – This paper can inform school-level policies and practices, such as those relating to professional development to support teachers’ and students’ capabilities (e.g. to manage and prevent bullying) and thus influence the nature of the school experiences that shape students’ perceptions. Originality/value – This paper adds students’ perspectives to the emerging field concerned with designing programs for mental health promotion in schools.

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Baldock, Katherine, Catherine Paquet, Natasha Howard, Neil Coffee, Anne Taylor, and Mark Daniel. "Correlates of Discordance between Perceived and Objective Distances to Local Fruit and Vegetable Retailers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071262.

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Background: Perceptions of neighbourhood attributes such as proximity of food retailers that are discordant with objective measures of the same are associated with poor health behaviours and weight gain. Factors associated with discordant perceptions are likely relevant to planning more effective interventions to improve health. Purpose: Analysis of cross-sectional relationships between individual and neighbourhood factors and overestimations of walking distances to local fruit/vegetable retailers (FVR). Methods: Perceived walking times, converted to distances, between participant residences and FVR were compared with objectively-assessed road network distances calculated with a Geographic Information System for n = 1305 adults residing in Adelaide, South Australia. Differences between perceived and objective distances were expressed as ‘overestimated’ distances and were analysed relative to perceptions consistent with objective distances. Cross-sectional associations were evaluated between individual socio-demographic, health, and area-level characteristics and overestimated distances to FVR using multilevel logistic regression. Results: Agreement between objective and perceived distances between participants’ residence and the nearest FVR was only fair (weighted kappa = 0.22). Overestimated distances to FVR were positively associated with mental well-being, and were negatively associated with household income, physical functioning, sense of community, and objective distances to greengrocers. Conclusions: Individual characteristics and features of neighbourhoods were related to overestimated distances to FVR. Sense of connectivity and shared identity may shape more accurate understandings of local resource access, and offer a focal point for tailored public health initiatives that bring people together to achieve improved health behaviour.

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Bell, Lucinda K., Gilly A. Hendrie, Jo Hartley, and Rebecca K. Golley. "Impact of a nutrition award scheme on the food and nutrient intakes of 2- to 4-year-olds attending long day care." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 14 (January 28, 2015): 2634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014003127.

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AbstractObjectiveEarly childhood settings are promising avenues to intervene to improve children’s nutrition. Previous research has shown that a nutrition award scheme, Start Right – Eat Right (SRER), improves long day care centre policies, menus and eating environments. Whether this translates into improvements in children’s dietary intake is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether SRER improves children’s food and nutrient intakes.DesignPre–post cohort study.SettingTwenty long day care centres in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.SubjectsChildren aged 2–4 years (n 236 at baseline, n 232 at follow-up).MethodsDietary intake (morning tea, lunch, afternoon tea) was assessed pre- and post-SRER implementation using the plate wastage method. Centre nutrition policies, menus and environments were evaluated as measures of intervention fidelity. Comparisons between baseline and follow-up were made using t tests.ResultsAt follow-up, 80 % of centres were fully compliant with the SRER award criteria, indicating high scheme implementation and adoption. Intake increased for all core food groups (range: 0·2–0·4 servings/d, P<0·001) except for vegetable intake. Energy intake increased and improvements in intakes of eleven out of the nineteen nutrients evaluated were observed.ConclusionsSRER is effective in improving children’s food and nutrient intakes at a critical time point when dietary habits and preferences are established and can inform future public health nutrition interventions in this setting.

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Tuckerman, Jane, Kelly Harper, Thomas R. Sullivan, Jennifer Fereday, Jennifer Couper, Nicholas Smith, Andrew Tai, et al. "Using provider–parent strategies to improve influenza vaccination in children and adolescents with special risk medical conditions: a randomised controlled trial protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e053838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053838.

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IntroductionInfluenza immunisation is a highly cost-effective public health intervention. Despite a comprehensive National Immunisation Program, influenza vaccination in children and adolescents with special risk medical conditions (SRMCs) is suboptimal. Flutext-4U is an innovative, multi-component strategy targeting paediatric hospitals, general practice and parents of children and adolescents with SRMC. The Flutext-4U study aims to assess the impact of Flutext-4U to increase influenza immunisation in children and adolescents with SRMC.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial involving parents of children and adolescents (aged >6 months to <18 years) with SRMC receiving tertiary care at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH), Adelaide, South Australia, who are eligible for funded influenza immunisation with a hospital appointment between the start of the seasonal influenza vaccination season and 31 July 2021, their treating general practitioners (GPs), and WCH paediatric specialists.Parents (of children/adolescents with SRMC) are randomised (1:1 ratio) to standard care plus intervention (SMS reminder messages to parents; reminders (written correspondence) for their child’s GP from the hospital’s Paediatric Outpatients Department) or standard care (hospital vaccine availability, ease of access and reminders for WCH subspecialists) with randomisation stratified by age-group (<5, 5–14, >14 to <18 years).The primary outcome is influenza vaccination, as confirmed by the Australian Immunisation Register.The proportion vaccinated (primary outcome) will be compared between randomised groups using logistic regression, with adjustment made for age group at randomisation. The effect of treatment will be described using an OR with a 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol and all study materials have been reviewed and approved by the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/20/WCHN/5). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and at scientific meetings, professional and public forums.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000463875).

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Hayes-Phillips, Deanna, Richard Bentham, Kirstin Ross, and Harriet Whiley. "Factors Influencing Legionella Contamination of Domestic Household Showers." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010027.

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Legionnaires’ disease is a potentially fatal pneumonia like infection caused by inhalation or aspiration of water particles contaminated with pathogenic Legionella spp. Household showers have been identified as a potential source of sporadic, community-acquired Legionnaires’ disease. This study used qPCR to enumerate Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila in water samples collected from domestic showers across metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. A survey was used to identify risk factors associated with contamination and to examine awareness of Legionella control in the home. The hot water temperature was also measured. A total of 74.6% (50/68) and 64.2% (43/68) showers were positive for Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found between Legionella spp. concentration and maximum hot water temperature (p = 0.000), frequency of shower use (p = 0.000) and age of house (p = 0.037). Lower Legionella spp. concentrations were associated with higher hot water temperatures, showers used at least every week and houses less than 5 years old. However, examination of risk factors associated with L. pneumophila found that there were no statistically significant associations (p > 0.05) with L. pneumophila concentrations and temperature, type of hot water system, age of system, age of house or frequency of use. This study demonstrated that domestic showers were frequently colonized by Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila and should be considered a potential source of sporadic Legionnaires’ disease. Increasing hot water temperature and running showers every week to enable water sitting in pipes to be replenished by the municipal water supply were identified as strategies to reduce the risk of Legionella in showers. The lack of public awareness in this study identified the need for public health campaigns to inform vulnerable populations of the steps they can take to reduce the risk of Legionella contamination and exposure.

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