Literatura académica sobre el tema "Depression, Mental – Treatment – Popular works"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Depression, Mental – Treatment – Popular works"
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Ferreira de Oliveira, Dante, Josue Andrade Martins y Carlos Rocha Oliveira. "Pharmacological aspects of Citrus aurantium (RUTACEAE) in anxiety disorders". Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences 4, n.º 3 (3 de marzo de 2022): E1532022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31415/bjns.v4i3.153.
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Anxiety is a mental disorder of high prevalence, being a topic of attention since the earliest historical records. In Brazil, it affects all life aspects of 9.3% of the population. Conventional treatments, which are most effective, can have adverse effects. Therefore, there is a significant increase in demand for alternative therapies which are less "aggressive" and cheaper, like phytotherapy. Among the numerous plants indicated for the treatment of anxiety, it is worth highlighting Citrus aurantium popularly known as "bitter orange" or "sour orange". Studies show the influence of its essential oils and plant extracts on the central nervous system, especially in the control of anxiety and depression. Although the use of plants, as a form of disease treatment and prevention, is an ancient practice, their indications are often based especially on popular knowledge. Thus, scientific evidence and studies are needed to ensure safety and efficacy in the use of plant species. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action of Citrus aurantium in anxiety disorders. A bibliographical revision was carried out in health scientific databases using the descriptors “Citrus aurantium”, individually and, combined with the following descriptors “anxiety”, “central nervous system”, “mental disorders” and “mechanism of action”. Articles searched based on titles, abstracts, and year of publication (2010-2020), and those that did not address the anxiolytic effect of the species and/or its mechanism of action were excluded. We found 151 articles and considered for the review 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Although there are few works that study and prove the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium, the vast majority of them only mention possible mechanisms of action. Analyzing the results reviewed, it was possible to observe that Citrus aurantium acts positively on anxiety, probably, as suggests the studies, through serotonergic pathway.
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Ferreira de Oliveira, Dante, Josue Andrade Martins y Carlos Rocha Oliveira. "Pharmacological aspects of Citrus aurantium (RUTACEAE) in anxiety disorders". Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences 4, n.º 3 (17 de marzo de 2022): E1532022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31415/bjns.v4i2.153.
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Anxiety is a mental disorder of high prevalence, being a topic of attention since the earliest historical records. In Brazil, it affects all life aspects of 9.3% of the population. Conventional treatments, which are most effective, can have adverse effects. Therefore, there is a significant increase in demand for alternative therapies which are less "aggressive" and cheaper, like phytotherapy. Among the numerous plants indicated for the treatment of anxiety, it is worth highlighting Citrus aurantium popularly known as "bitter orange" or "sour orange". Studies show the influence of its essential oils and plant extracts on the central nervous system, especially in the control of anxiety and depression. Although the use of plants, as a form of disease treatment and prevention, is an ancient practice, their indications are often based especially on popular knowledge. Thus, scientific evidence and studies are needed to ensure safety and efficacy in the use of plant species. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action of Citrus aurantium in anxiety disorders. A bibliographical revision was carried out in health scientific databases using the descriptors “Citrus aurantium”, individually and, combined with the following descriptors “anxiety”, “central nervous system”, “mental disorders” and “mechanism of action”. Articles searched based on titles, abstracts, and year of publication (2010-2020), and those that did not address the anxiolytic effect of the species and/or its mechanism of action were excluded. We found 151 articles and considered for the review 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Although there are few works that study and prove the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium, the vast majority of them only mention possible mechanisms of action. Analyzing the results reviewed, it was possible to observe that Citrus aurantium acts positively on anxiety, probably, as suggests the studies, through serotonergic pathway.
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Samoylov, E. P., A. V. Semenov, V. A. Sorokovikov y S. N. Larionov. "Scales for assessing neurological disorders and degenerative changes in the cervical spine. Literature review". Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2024): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2402-07.
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More than sixty scales have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative pathology of the cervical spine from the perspective of neurological syndromes. The use of most of these in clinical practice is limited. The purpose of this study is to highlight the most popular scales for assessing degenerative changes of the cervical spine from the perspective of neurological syndromes in the diagnosis and determination of treatment tactics for single-segment stenosis of the spinal canal at the cervical level. The current clinical guidelines “Degenerative Spine Diseases” 2021 use the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analog Scale, and the Frankel Grade among all scales. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar were searched from 1972 to 2023 using the key words “cervical spine degeneration”. The initial search identified more than 13,000 articles. This review included 52 studies in which the analysis of clinical and neurological data was carried out using scoring scales for assessing neurological syndromes and functional status in degenerative spinal stenoses at the cervical level. The validity, reliability, and applicability of the scales in clinical practice were analyzed and compared. Based on the analysis of literature data, the most rational scales to use from the standpoint of validity, reliability, and time consumption are the Visual Analog Scale for pain assessment, the Neck Disability Index for assessing cervical radiculopathy, the European Myelopathy Score to assess cervical myelopathy, the Neck Pain and Disability Scale to assess functional outcomes, and the Hospital Anxiet y and Depression Scale for mental status assessment.
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Kasper, S. y A. Neumeister. "Treatment indications for light therapy". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 7, n.º 2 (junio de 1995): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037534.
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Light therapy (LT) has become increasingly popular in various countries around the world in the last decade. For instance, according to a recent survey carried out in Germany in 1992, 13% (n = 56) of all German psychiatric hospitals (n = 422) used LT for different treatment indications and another 8% indicated their interest to do so. Among university facilities LT is even more popular, with a percentage of 57%. Although the most frequently used treatment indication for LT is seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) it is apparent that other forms of depression e.g. non-seasonal forms, either acute or chronic are also a target for this new treatment modality. There is a number of studies supporting the use of LT for SAD (for review), however there are just a few studies for non-seasonal depression or for the other treatment indications (for review).
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Kuhn, Clifford C. y John J. Schwab. "Depression and Internal Medicine". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 17, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1988): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wv0q-gdnj-768p-pm56.
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Although the Fathers of Internal Medicine described melancholia and wrote extensively about the affective disorders, internists continue to have difficulties diagnosing their medical patients' depressions. Consequently, it often falls to the psychiatric consultant to make the diagnosis amongst the medical population. We present current concepts of affective disorder that should be clinically relevant to the psychiatrist who works with internists and their patients. Early, accurate diagnosis of depressed medical patients requires increased awareness of depression, observation of the patient's appearance and mood, sensitivity to his or her feelings, and specific questioning about symptoms, losses, and stressors. For depressed medical patients, we present a comprehensive treatment program which often should include: 1) supportive psychotherapy, 2) antidepressant medications; and 3) resocialization or rehabilitation. We outline certain indications for psychiatric referral, and urge psychiatrists and internists to work together closely. Increasing the sensitivity of our colleagues in internal medicine toward affective illness should lead to more prompt identification and treatment of medical patients' depressions.
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Cowen, Philip J. "New drugs, old problems: Revisiting… Pharmacological management of treatment-resistant depression". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.1.19.
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Effective pharmacological management of depression resistant to antidepressant medication is best carried out in the context of a supportive and collaborative relationship, following a mutually agreed care plan. Simpler pharmacological approaches such as switching antidepressant classes are tried first, then augmentation is used if needed. New classes of antidepressants have made antidepressant combination a popular augmentation strategy, but lithium addition has most supporting evidence. The use of atypical antipsychotics as augmenting agents is increasing. For patients unresponsive to these strategies, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and electroconvulsive therapy remain important. Large randomised pragmatic trials are needed to help clinicians and patients make better treatment choices.
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Golenkov, Andrei V., Tatiana I. Bonkalo, Natalya N. Kamynina y Svetlana V. Shmeleva. "Population awareness of depression and treatment methods". HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, n.º 5 (9 de noviembre de 2021): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-5-425-431.
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Aim. To study the population of the Chuvash Republic awareness of depression and methods of its treatment. Material and methods. Seven hundred sixty-four residents of the Chuvash Republic (472 women, 292 men) aged 18 to 83 years old (average age - 35.5 ± 14,3 years old) were interviewed anonymously. Urban residents were 75.5%, rural - 24.5%, with medical education - 5.9%. Two K. Griffiths et al. vignettes described patients with normal depressive state and depression accompanied by suicidal thoughts. After reading the picture, the respondents had to answer seven short questions. Mathematical and statistical processing included the calculation of the mean, standard deviation and χ2 distribution. Results. 39.0% of the respondents correctly identified the state of depression in the vignettes. This mental disorder was reliably better recognized by the respondents with a medical or higher education, urban residents and those who met such patients in life. The respondents most often (44,5%) recommended receiving psychological assistance, consultations and medical treatment (33,5%). They often suggested various “popular interventions”, did not know which specialists to contact and how to treat such a pathology, or suggested doing nothing at all, even if there were suicidal thoughts. More than 75% of the respondents expressed an improvement in patients’ condition in the case of their referring to specialists, the best results were given by the respondents who correctly recognized depression. Conclusion. The study showed a low level of depression awareness of the population of Chuvashia. This circumstance is reflected in the appeal of the people for medical (psychiatric, psychotherapeutic) help and expectations regarding the treatment of this mental disorder. A high proportion of incorrect answers about depression require educational work with the population, better psychiatric preparedness of specialists in the psychological profile and doctors of the general somatic network.
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Lorincz-Comi, Noah, Samba Bah, Howard T. Welser y Jack Maduka. "Chronic disease treatment seeking and depression". Journal of Public Mental Health 19, n.º 2 (8 de agosto de 2019): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-01-2019-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of depression symptoms and their associated severity on reducing treatment sought for chronic medical conditions in respondents living in a low-/middle-income country. Design/methodology/approach Data for this paper are provided by the national cross-sectional World Health Survey (2003) completed in Pakistan. The authors constructed two samples: one reporting an angina diagnosis (n=150) and another an arthritis diagnosis (n=176), each reporting two or more respective disease symptoms. Logistic regression models, after controlling for confounding variables, were performed to predict treatment received in the last two weeks for respondents’ respective disease. Findings In respondents with angina, depression severity significantly reduced the likelihood of angina treatment received in the two weeks before survey; depression treatment significantly increased this likelihood. In respondents with arthritis, no psychopathologic variables predicted arthritis treatment received. Research limitations/implications This paper works to elucidate the constructs underlying the heavy chronic disease burdens, we currently witness in low-/middle-income countries. As the authors’ design is cross-sectional, future research would benefit from using longitudinal designs to further investigate the relationship between these morbidities. Practical implications These findings encourage further collaboration between medical and mental health professionals to develop stratified treatment strategies, especially in potentially underdeveloped settings, such as Pakistan. This paper also encourages the development of policy intended to provide residents of Pakistan and countries in similar socioeconomic positions with more medical and psychiatric treatment services. Originality/value This paper is unique in identifying the relationship between these morbidities in a large, population-based sample of respondents from a low-/middle-income country, Pakistan.
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John, Sneha V. "The portrayal of the Repercussions of Trauma and Depression in Literature and Popular Culture in Reference to Sylvia Plath’s Novel the Bell Jar". Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature 2, n.º 3 (30 de noviembre de 2023): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijssl.c1055.032323.
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This paper explores the representation of trauma and depression in popular culture and literature, with a focus on Sylvia Plath's novel, "The Bell Jar." The study delves into the portrayal of traumatic experiences and their psychological impact, drawing on trauma theory in literature—an interdisciplinary field incorporating psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. Addressing the evolving societal discourse on trauma and depression, the paper examines how literature, film, music, and television contribute to a more open discussion of these once-taboo subjects. It emphasizes trauma's diverse forms, ranging from explicit events like war and abuse to subtler forms such as neglect. The universality of trauma is explored, demonstrating its lasting effects on mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. In particular, the research focuses on trauma theory in literature, analyzing how authors use their works to shed light on human experiences and social issues. The narrative techniques employed, such as flashbacks and symbolism, provide nuanced representations of the complex effects of trauma. Moreover, the paper considers the role of characters who have experienced trauma in shaping narratives and exploring psychological effects like depression and anxiety. Sylvia Plath serves as a key case study, with a detailed exploration of her life and works. Born in 1932, Plath's writing is characterized by its darkness, intensity, and confessional nature, reflecting her personal struggles, including the death of her father and her battles with mental health. Her novel, "The Bell Jar," published in 1963, is a focal point for examining the profound impact of trauma on an individual's life. This research contributes to the broader field of trauma theory in literature, offering insights into how writers and readers engage with traumatic experiences, emphasizing the importance of cultural and historical contexts. Ultimately, the study enhances our understanding of the human experience through the lens of trauma and depression in literature
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Apriliani, Fika y Warih Maharani. "DEPRESSION DETECTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA TWITTER USING XLNET METHOD". JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika) 8, n.º 1 (25 de febrero de 2023): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29100/jipi.v8i1.3345.
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Depression is a serious mental illness. Depression is usually characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, restlessness, and even loss of life. However, not everyone who experiences depression can get professional treatment. If depression is left unchecked, it can worsen the mental health conditions experienced by a person. Social media, one of which is the increasingly popular twitter can be utilized to help deal with the problem of undetected mental illness. Based on tweets made by a person twitter social media can be one of the sources to detect depression using the XLNet method. XLNet is one of the NLP (Natural Language Processing) techniques based on machine learning models on text. Based on several tests that have been carried out during the research such as testing various tuning hyper-parameters with different values on the XLNet model, it achieves a good performance value with an average accuracy value of 93.33%.
Libros sobre el tema "Depression, Mental – Treatment – Popular works"
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Association, American Psychiatric, ed. Treatment works: Major depressive disorder : a patient and family guide. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
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Bloomfield, Harold H. How to heal depression. Los Angeles, Calif: Prelude Press, 1996.
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Harrison, Lewis. Healing depression naturally. New York, NY: Twin Streams, 2004.
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Westbrook, David. Managing depression. Oxford: Department of Clinical Psychology, Warneford Hospital, 1999.
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1934-, Wender Paul H., ed. Understanding depression: A complete guide to its diagnosis and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
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Haycock, Dean A. The everything health guide to adult bipolar disorder: A reassuring guide for patients and families. 3a ed. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, 2013.
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Haycock, Dean A. The everything health guide to adult bipolar disorder: A reassuring guide for patients and families. 2a ed. Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2010.
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Yapko, Michael D. Free yourself from depression. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1992.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Depression, Mental – Treatment – Popular works"
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Hurdle, Donna. "“Less Is Best”: A Group-based Treatment Program for Persons with Personality Disorders". En Social Work Diagnosis In Contemporary Practice, 669–74. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168785.003.0067.
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Abstract Group work has become a popular method of providing mental health services in today’s managed mental health care environment (MacKenzie, 1996; Rosenberg and Zimet, 1995). This method is being used for a great variety of mental health problems, from depression and anxiety disorders to treatment of persons with more severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. Severe personality disorders can be just as debilitating as any of these Axis I disorders, and many clients are diagnosed with both (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Benjamin, 1993). Personality disorders can be a challenge to provide services for in even the most resource-rich environment and can seem virtually impossible to serve in a managed care environment. Among the personality disorders, the borderline syndrome is often considered the most intractable and difficult to treat (Gabbard, 1998).
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Winnicott, Donald W. "Treatment of Mental Disease by Induction of Fits". En The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 211–16. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271343.003.0031.
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In this essay, Winnicott takes on the popular treatment of mental disease by induction of fits from a psychoanalytic standpoint, asking what the idea of being given fits or of having a fit means to the patient, what the uncontrollable fit means to the patient’s unconscious, and what physical effect the fit has on brain tissue.
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Glatt, Stephen J., Stephen V. Faraone y Ming T. Tsuang. "What is Not Schizophrenia?" En Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813774.003.0009.
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The words ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘schizophrenic’ are often misused in daily conversation, in literature and film, and even in the popular news media. They mean different things to different people: an attitude of mind, a type of personality, or a psychiatric illness. For example, someone who can’t make up his mind, or who has feelings of both love and hate for something, may be falsely called schizophrenic (‘ambivalent’ is the more proper term). In some cultures, especially in the past, schizophrenia was seen as a sign of possession by an evil spirit or even as a sign of religious superiority. Individuals with schizophrenia were either punished or praised in accord with the beliefs of their culture.Today, the most common misconception is that a person with schizophrenia has a ‘split’ personality or multiple personalities. Examples of this in film include Me, Myself, and Irene, in which the main character is diagnosed with ‘advanced delusionary schizophrenia with involuntary narcissistic rage’ instead of what appears to be dissociative identity (formerly known as multiple personality) disorder. Even films that do a decent job depicting schizophrenia can get some aspects wrong; for example, A Beautiful Mind, which we earlier cited as a relatively well-done depiction of the disorder, also misses the mark by exaggerating the role of visual hallucinations of full- figure humans in guiding the main character through various and extensive ‘missions’.The correct use of the word ‘schizophrenia’ is as a diagnostic term used to define a specific mental condition based on clear criteria. As described in our chapters on symptoms and on how schizophrenia is diagnosed, differential diagnosis is essential; that is, determining if the symptoms are really indicative of schizophrenia or of other conditions. Recognizing if mood disturbances (including depression and/ or mania), delusions (particularly grandiosity and delusions of sin or guilt), hallucinations, and disorganization are not actually reflective of a mood disorder, substance use disorder, or developmental or neurological disorder is essential, since each type of disorder has a different treatment. Furthermore, it is vital to consider cultural context when determining if behaviour is truly bizarre and qualifies for a diagnosis or is simply normal within the individual’s social setting.
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Shandilya, Manish, Soumya Sharma, Prabhu Prasad Das y Sonika Charak. "Depression: A Challenge during Palliative Care". En Suggestions for Addressing Clinical and Non-Clinical Issues in Palliative Care. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96563.
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Depression is a serious concern among patients and their family members undergoing treatment for acute and chronic illnesses. The quality of palliative care has great significance in improving the mental health of patients. The patient usually undergoes various stages of treatment before reaching the palliative care stage. Therefore, the tendency of denying treatment at later stages of illness increases. Depression could arise either early or at later stages of treatment. Most doctors feel restrained to prescribe antidepressants to the patient, as antidepressants could have a serious side effect on the physiology of the patient. Antidepressants only work for a smaller group of patients. A proper diagnostics and structured interview with extensive checks of reliability and viability could be used for assessment. Various factors like sociodemographic, gender, age, support health groups have a drastic effect on the mental health of the patient. Palliative care to the patients with social health support groups psychotherapy, relaxation meditation yoga, along with the appropriate pharmacological approach, works wonders for some patients. Continued efforts should be made to treat and deal with depression in palliative care.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "The Effect of Psychosis on Family Life". En The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 65–72. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271381.003.0007.
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In this paper, Winnicott argues that psychosis is an illness of a psychological nature, in some cases with a physical basis, which is concerned with the elements of human personality and existence. It is a term that includes schizophrenia, manic depression and melancholia with more or less paranoid complications. Winnicott argues that psychosis represents an organization of defences, and behind all organized defences is the threat of confusion, a breakdown of integration. Winnicott indicates there is acute need for preventive measures, especially in the provision of mental care for children, perhaps in a residential centre where children live indefinitely and could be taken for daily treatment by psycho-analysts. Winnicott proposes that psychosis proper indicates a disturbance of emotional development at an early stage. In some cases a hereditary tendency to psychosis is strong, whereas in others it is not a significant feature.
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Tekin, Şerife. "Philosophy of psychiatry". En Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-q151-1.
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Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that aims to scientifically understand the causes of mental disorders and develop effective clinical interventions to address the needs of those experiencing them. Philosophy of psychiatry is concerned with conceptual and practical issues pertaining to mental disorders, their diagnosis, scientific investigation, ethical treatment, and experiences of individuals affected by them, as well as philosophical issues on the place of psychiatry in broader areas of inquiry in medicine and bioethics. It encompasses a variety of topics of interest not only to philosophers, but also to the general public, including the definition of mental disorders, their diagnosis according to medical manuals, features of particular disorders (e.g., substance abuse disorders, depression, autism spectrum disorders), the sources of information about mental disorders (e.g., fMRI studies, clinical trials, first-person reports), ethical issues surrounding the clinical treatment of individuals with mental disorders, and cognate concepts such as the self, rationality, and responsibility. A thoroughly interdisciplinary form of inquiry, philosophy of psychiatry developed out of both the traditional areas of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of science/cognitive science, social and political philosophy, philosophy of medicine, and ethics, and clinical contexts pertaining to medical treatment of mental disorders or mental illnesses. In the last few decades, however, philosophy of psychiatry has evolved into a cutting-edge and popular subdiscipline of philosophy in its own right, with its own dedicated journals, books, book series, societies, and conferences. This entry provides an overview of important recent debates in philosophy of psychiatry as they map onto the fundamental areas of philosophy. §1 introduces the terminology; §2 focuses on metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of science, and medicine related themes; §3 examines themes in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and neuroscience; §4 turns to social, political, and feminist philosophy; §5 covers issues in ethics and applied ethics.
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Fink MD, Max. "Is Brain Stimulation an Alternative to ECT?" En Electroconvulsive Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365740.003.0016.
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Interest in electricity in medicine, especially in psychiatric conditions, is as old as our knowledge of electricity as a controllable phenomenon. At the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, Benjamin Franklin and Anton Mesmer were among many students who used electric currents to stimulate paralyzed limbs and to relieve hysterical states. Giovanni Aldini, the nephew of Luigi Galvani, a principal early student of electricity, applied electric currents to mentally ill patients. In the original Aldini publication, the figures show one electrode applied to the top of the head and a second to the hand. The text states that the electrodes were connected to earrings. Much of Aldini’s work was done on fresh cadavers to show that electricity stimulated motor movements. There is no evidence that he produced seizures for therapeutic purposes. From the onset of the introduction of ECT, the importance of the grand mal seizure to the treatment has been questioned. Many people followed popular science beliefs in the potency of electricity alone and administered low-energy electric currents without inducing a seizure. When scientists compared sham treatments to real ECT in seeking benefits for patients, they found the sham currents to be ineffective. Low-energy electric currents delivered from a battery with electrodes on the scalp to either alert or sleeping subjects (electrosleep) were without benefit. Some applications of electricity in medicine have been truly innovative. At the end of every grand mal seizure, brain waves (measured by the EEG) flatten out, with markedly reduced rhythmic activity. Such activity can be simulated by anesthesia using a chemical called isoflurane. Isoelectric narcotherapy (isoflurane anesthesia therapy) is a brain-stimulation technique that seeks to induce long periods of electro-cerebral silence or markedly decreased electrical activity in the brain. An hour of isoelectric brain electrical activity under anesthesia was once thought to relieve depression in a fashion similar to ECT, but an attempt at replication in six subjects failed. Without independent confirmation, the technique has been abandoned. In the past two decades, three physical interventions have been enthusiastically promoted as replacements for ECT, that is, as ways to induce the same benefits without seizures.
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Sanders, Diana. "Counselling". En New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1272–85. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0164.
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People seek counselling for many reasons. Sometimes those who have had no previous need for mental health services are literally stopped in their tracks by life events—illness, family breakdown, intolerable stresses. People with long-term difficulties may turn to counselling when they feel the statutory services are not able to meet their needs, or as an adjunct to health care provision. With greater social mobility and the separation of family members, counselling increasingly provides the care and support previously offered within local communities. The provision and acceptability of counselling is on the increase. Counselling is possibly the most commonly delivered form of psychological therapy and the British Association for Counsellors and Psychotherapists have over 30 000 members, with equivalent numbers in other countries. Professional training programmes in counselling have mushroomed in response to demand. Counsellors are found in many statutory and voluntary settings—mental health, primary care and medical settings, workplaces, drug and alcohol services, voluntary and charitable organizations, trauma services, and educational settings—as well as in private practice. But what exactly is counselling? What do counsellors do? Is counselling the same as psychotherapy? And, is it an effective form of treatment? Although counselling is a major growth area within mental health, it can be difficult for consumers and purchasers of counselling services to know what kind of counselling and counsellor to use, with lack of clarity about what works for whom. There are many different models of counselling, types of counsellor and many different training courses. It is difficult to make clear distinctions between counselling and psychotherapy. Much of the work of counsellors has not historically been amenable to standard methods of evaluation, and research is relatively new. Currently there is no statutory regulation for the term ‘counsellor’, which means that people are able to practise as counsellors without registration or accreditation. By definition, people who seek counselling are likely to be vulnerable, and the issue of public protection is paramount. The aim of this chapter is to clarify these issues and examine the place of counselling in psychiatry. The chapter begins by looking at the definition of counselling, and how counselling is both similar to, and distinct from, psychotherapy. The chapter goes on to look at the key features of counselling, and different models of counselling. Although counselling can and is used for many psychological difficulties, the chapter selects specific problems where there is evidence that it is an effective intervention: mild to moderate depression, adjustment difficulties, bereavement, trauma, and relationship problems. I then consider counselling in different settings, again selecting a few which illustrate the work of counsellors—primary care, mental health settings, student counselling, and the workplace—looking at the way counselling can be adapted according to the needs of the service. The chapter concludes by looking at issues of training, quality, and standards, commenting on the need for the control of an ever-developing profession without loss of the growing availability of effective counselling services to those in need.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Depression, Mental – Treatment – Popular works"
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Souza, Vanessa Borba de, Jéferson Campos Nobre y Karin Becker. "Characterization of Anxiety, Depression, and their Comorbidity from Texts of Social Networks". En XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2020.13630.
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Depression has become a public health issue, and the high comorbidity rate with anxiety worsens the clinical picture. Early identification is crucial for decisions on the proper line of treatment. The use of social networks to expose personal difficulties has enabled works on the automatic identification of specific mental conditions, particularly depression. This paper explores deep learning techniques to develop an ensemble stacking classifier for the automatic identification of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity, using a self-diagnosed dataset extracted from Reddit. At the lowest level, binary classifiers make predictions about specific disorders, outperforming all baseline models. A meta-learner explores these weak classifiers as a context for reaching a multi-label decision, achieving a Hamming Loss of 0.29 and Exact Match Ratio of 0.47. We performed a qualitative analysis using SHAP, which confirmed the relationship between the influential features and symptoms of these disorders.
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Dobri, Mirona Letitia, Alina-Ioana Voinea, Constantin Marcu, Eva Maria Elkan, Ionuț-Dragoș Rădulescu y Petronela Nechita. "MINDFULNESS: A PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC METHOD OF ACCEPTANCE AND CENTERING OF THE MENTAL FRAMEWORK". En The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.29.
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Mindfulness as a term comes from Buddhist traditions, translating as awareness, concentration or remembrance. Western neuroscientists define mindfulness practices as a combination of emotional and attentional training regimes that help cultivate physical and psychological well-being and improve emotional regulation while noting neurobiological changes in the brain. The formal introduction of oriental ways of thinking into western philosophy, psychology and medicine happened decades ago, generating a large spectrum of discussions and scientific works concerning the therapeutic applications of mindfulness practice. Basing our presentation on a thorough study of scientific papers, we propose a synthesis of the theoretical aspects related to mindfulness and a new perspective regarding its applications in clinical psychiatric care. The modern occidental approaches of the practice are adapted into methods used in cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. The benefits of formal practice proven from the neurological perspective are the result of a less reactive autonomic nervous system. Regulation of attention, body awareness, regulation of emotions, increased capacity of adaptation is just a few of the mechanisms involved. Therefore, it is integrated into western psychotherapy as an adjunctive or alternative method of treatment for several psychiatric disorders among which are depression, anxiety, substance use, smoking cessation, insomnia. In conclusion, mindfulness has shown to have great promise in clinical application, and the hope is to be used in the future with the purpose of improving mental and physical wellbeing and quality of life.