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Lonergan, David. "Lemuria—Description and Travel". Community & Junior College Libraries 15, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763910902979486.
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Renner, Alexander. "Die Bukowina als eine Insel des „Deutschthums“ im Osten? Deutsche Kulturverbreitung und deren Wahrnehmung in Reiseberichten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert". historia.scribere, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.12.622.
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The Bukovina as an island of “Deutschthum” in the East? The diffusion of German culture and its perception in travel reports from the 19th centuryThe following seminar paper outlines the description of the Bukovina, a part of the Habsburg Monarchy, in selected travel reports from the 19th century. It explains why the authors of these reports perceived the Bukovina as an island of German culture in Eastern Europe, which was otherwise labelled as barbaric and underdeveloped. It will be shown that the authors’ subjective observations are not compatible with up-to-date findings of historical research.
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Brigham, William E. y Maghsood Abbaszadeh-Dehghani. "Tracer Testing for Reservoir Description". Journal of Petroleum Technology 39, n.º 05 (1 de mayo de 1987): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14102-pa.
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Wenger, Philippe y Patrick Chedmail. "Ability of a Robot to Travel Through its Free Work Space in an Environment with Obstacles". International Journal of Robotics Research 10, n.º 3 (junio de 1991): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000303.
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This article presents a new geometric analysis of the free work space of a robot among obstacles. The free work space (FW) is defined as the set of positions and orientations that the robot's end effector can reach, according to the joint limits and the various obstacles lying in the environment. The aim is to give global descriptions of the robot's ability to move in the operational space (which coincides with Carte sian space when only position coordinates are specified). The main contribution of this work is the characterization of the effects of obstacles on the work space geometry, as well as on its topology. The ability of a robot to move freely in its work space (called the "moveability") is difficult to describe and needs stringent formalizations. The concept of move ability is introduced through various properties and their cor responding necessary and sufficient conditions. Using a Con structive Solid Geometry (CSG) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) description of robots and obstacles and an octree model of the FW, these properties permit characterization of selected moveability areas in the FW, where, for instance, any n points can be linked together or where any continuous trajectory can be achieved without changing configuration. This new global description is of great interest for the user of CAD systems when designing robotic cells.
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Notfors, Emma. "Heteroglossic itineraries and silent spaces: the desert cartographies of Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence". cultural geographies 25, n.º 4 (18 de julio de 2018): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474018785989.
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This article advocates for the central importance of examining cartography for the understanding of literary travel narratives, focussing on accounts of travel in the deserts of the Middle East written by Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence, both explorers, archaeologists and authors who were implicated in British activities in the Middle East before, during and after the Arab Revolt, and who travelled through the region during the early 20th century. This article seeks to explore the connections between the authors’ textual depictions and the maps that they authored, using close readings of their travel narratives and their maps to arrive at a more profound understanding of how these processes of authorship resulted in the production and mediation of ‘Arabia’ as an imaginative geography. Drawing on archival research and a range of textual sources, the development of this literary geography is traced through the early research of TE Lawrence on crusader castles in Syria and Lebanon, Gertrude Bell’s descriptions of using maps in The Desert and the Sown, Lawrence’s account of collating a map of Sinai for the War Office and the relationship between local navigational knowledges with their cartographic activities.
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Polezzi, Loredana. "Description, appropriation, transformation: Fascist rhetoric and colonial nature". Modern Italy 19, n.º 3 (agosto de 2014): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.927355.
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During the period of Fascism, a variety of discourses and representations were attached to colonial landscapes and to their uses. African nature was the subject of diverse rhetorical strategies, which ranged from the persistence of visions of wilderness as the locus of adventure to the domesticating manipulations of an incipient tourist industry aiming to familiarise the Italian public with relatively tame forms of the exotic. Contrasting images of bareness and productivity, primitivism and modernisation, resistance to change and dramatic transformation found their way into accounts of colonial territories ranging from scientific and pseudo-scientific reports to children's literature, from guidebooks to travel accounts, all of which were sustained not just by written texts but also by iconographic representations. This article will look at the specific example of accounts of Italian Somalia in order to explore Fascist discourses regarding colonial nature and its appropriation. Documents examined will include early guidebooks to the colonies, a small selection of travel accounts aimed at the general public, as well as the works of a number of geographers and geologists who were among the most active polygraphs of the period, and whose writings addressed a wide range of Italian readers.
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DRITSAS, LAWRENCE. "From Lake Nyassa to Philadelphia: a geography of the Zambesi Expedition, 1858–64". British Journal for the History of Science 38, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087404006454.
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This paper is about collecting, travel and the geographies of science. At one level it examines the circumstances that led to Isaac Lea's description in Philadelphia of six freshwater mussel shells of the family Unionidae, originally collected by John Kirk during David Livingstone's Zambesi Expedition, 1858–64. At another level it is about how travel is necessary in the making of scientific knowledge. Following these shells from south-eastern Africa to Philadelphia via London elucidates the journeys necessary for Kirk and Lea's scientific work to progress and illustrates that the production of what was held to be malacological knowledge occurred through collaborative endeavours that required the travel of the specimens themselves. Intermediaries in London acted to link the expedition, Kirk's efforts and Lea's classification across three continents and to facilitate the novel description of six species of freshwater mussel. The paper demonstrates the role of travel in the making of mid-nineteenth-century natural history and in developing the relationships and credibility necessary to perform the research on which classifications undertaken elsewhere were based.
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Katsoni, Vicky y Anna Fyta. "From Pausanias to Baedeker and Trip Advisor: Textual proto-tourism and the engendering of tourism distribution channels". Turyzm/Tourism 31, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.11.
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The key aim of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary look at tourism and its diachronic textual threads bequeathed by the ‘proto-tourist’ texts of the Greek travel author Pausanias. Using the periegetic, travel texts from his voluminous Description of Greece (2nd century CE) as a springboard for our presentation, we intend to show how the textual strategies employed by Pausanias have been received and still remain at the core of contemporary series of travel guides first authored by Karl Baedeker (in the 19th century). After Baedeker, Pausanias’ textual travel tropes, as we will show, still inform the epistemology of modern-day tourism; the interaction of travel texts with travel information and distribution channels produces generic hybrids, and the ancient Greek travel authors have paved the way for the construction of networks, digital storytelling and global tourist platforms.
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Morgan, D. O. "Marco Polo in China — or not". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, n.º 2 (julio de 1996): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300007203.
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Marco Polo's book — The Travels, The Description of the World, II Milione, or whatever we prefer to call it — is unquestionably the best known of all contemporary sources on that unprecedented historical phenomenon, the Mongol Empire of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. That is not to say that it is by any means the best source. As history, it cannot compare, for example, with Rashīd al-Dīn's Jāmi' al-tawārīkh, and as a European travel account (if that is what it is), it is not remotely in the same class as Friar William of Rubruck's Itinerarium. Nevertheless, while Friar William may have been completely forgotten and Chinggis Khan remembered only as someone a political reactionary can, by dint of great effort, get himself (or herself, one should hasten to add) to the right of, there are many who know at least something about Marco Polo: perhaps principally the fact that he went to China — as almost everyone has hitherto supposed that he did.
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Pendyala, Ram M., Ryuichi Kitamura, Akira Kikuchi, Toshiyuki Yamamoto y Satoshi Fujii. "Florida Activity Mobility Simulator". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1921, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192100114.
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The development of modeling systems for activity-based travel demand ushers in a new era in transportation demand forecasting and planning. A comprehensive multimodal activity-based system for forecasting travel demand was developed for implementation in Florida and resulted in the Florida Activity Mobility Simulator (FAMOS). Two main modules compose the FAMOS microsimulation model system for modeling activity–travel patterns of individuals: the Household Attributes Generation System and the Prism-Constrained Activity–Travel Simulator. FAMOS was developed and estimated with household activity and travel data collected in southeast Florida in 2000. Results of the model development effort are promising and demonstrate the applicability of activity-based model systems in travel demand forecasting. An overview of the model system, a description of its features and capabilities, and preliminary validation results are provided.
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Fur, Gunlög. "Different ways of seeing ‘savagery’: Two Nordic travellers in 18th-century North America". History of the Human Sciences 32, n.º 4 (22 de julio de 2019): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119846003.
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Andreas Hesselius and Pehr Kalm both spent time in eastern North America during the first half of the 18th century. Both came with an ardent desire to observe and learn about the natural environment and inhabitants of the region. Both produced writings, in the form of journals that have proved immensely useful to subsequent scholars. Yet their writings also display differences that illuminate the epistemological and sociological underpinnings of their observations, and which had consequences for their encounters with foreign environments. Hesselius, who served as pastor to the Swedish congregation in Philadelphia from 1712 to 1724, described his experiences and observations with what we might call a historical awareness, while Kalm, known as the first of Linnaeus’s students to travel to the New World, primarily offered dehistoricized and denarrativized taxonomic ethnographic descriptions. At first glance, Hesselius and Kalm appear to illustrate perfectly Michel Foucault’s description of the difference between Renaissance and classical epistemologies. Kalm’s disembodied and decontextualized representations fit well with Foucault’s description of natural history in the classical age as consisting ‘of undertaking a meticulous examination of things themselves…and then of transcribing what it has gathered in smooth, neutralized, and faithful words’. This article, however, points out that while Hesselius and Kalm arrive at similar descriptions of plants and other-than-human beings by employing different methodologies, when it comes to describing indigenous peoples their respective methodologies lead to radically different approaches, with Hesselius writing them into history, while Kalm relegates them to ethnology in the sense of savage ‘peoples without histories’.
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Misra, Rajul, Chandra R. Bhat y Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan. "Continuous Time Representation and Modeling Framework for Analysis of Nonworker Activity-Travel Patterns: Tour and Episode Attributes". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-02.
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A set of four econometric models is presented to examine the tour and episode-related attributes (specifically, mode choice, activity duration, travel times, and location choice) of the activity-travel patterns of non-workers, as a sequel to an earlier work by Bhat and Misra (2001), which presented a comprehensive continuous-time framework for representation and analysis of the activity-travel choices of nonworkers. Detailed descriptions of the first two components of the modeling framework related to the number and sequence of activity episodes are also presented. The proposed models using activity-travel data from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area travel diary survey are estimated.
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MARIANO, RODOLFO y CLAUDIO G. FROEHLICH. "Description of the nymph of Ulmeritoides uruguayensis (Traver) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)". Zootaxa 1642, n.º 1 (21 de noviembre de 2007): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1642.1.7.
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The genus comprises 13 species, but only nymphs of six species have been described. In the present paper the nymph of Ulmeritoides uruguayensis is figured and described. The nymph of U. uruguayensis can be distinguished from its congeners by the following differential characters: 1) middle tibia with an apical black spot; 2) glossa with digitate bristles on apex; 3) segment I and base of segment II of maxillary palpi brown; 4) posterolateral projections on abdominal segments II–IX.
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Loubesi, Jean-Michel, Élie Maza, Marc Lavielle y Luis Rodriguez. "Road trafficking description and short term travel time forecasting, with a classification method". Canadian Journal of Statistics 34, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjs.5550340307.
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Arnold, Lee y Thomas van der Walt. "Towards a Better Description of Genre Archives: A Case Study of Travel Archives". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 57, n.º 6 (18 de agosto de 2019): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2019.1656693.
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Durlin, Thomas y Vincent Henn. "Dynamic Network Loading Model with Explicit Traffic Wave Tracking". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2085, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2085-01.
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A dynamic network loading (DNL) model is presented: it can be used both for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) and for an accurate description of traffic. The proposed DNL model is composed of (a) the link model based on the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards macroscopic first-order model solved with the wave-tracking method, (b) a new intersection model that generalizes the Daganzo macroscopic merge model to complex intersections, and (c) a traffic signal model that represents the mean effects of stage alternation on traffic in terms of delays and of capacity restrictions. Both the wave-tracking method and the traffic signal model are applied in a network context for the first time. The model can be consistently solved with various precision scales: low-precision scales to quickly provide a good estimation of travel times on the network for DTA purposes, and high-precision scales for accurate descriptions of traffic with all the desired modeling details.
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Poret, Eve, Fanny Angelot Delettre, Sabeha Biichle, Anne Roogy, Louis Benazet, Maider Pagadoy, Chrystelle Vidal et al. "Biological Description of 109 Cases of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) from the French Network of BPDCN". Blood 126, n.º 23 (3 de diciembre de 2015): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3812.3812.
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Abstract Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a clonal disease derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). It is a rare neoplasm involving the skin which may or may not be associated from the outset with a leukemic component. The disease invariably progresses to aggressive leukemic dissemination, leading to a differential diagnosis with acute leukemia. In 2004, we set up a French network to recruit biological data at diagnosis. Diagnosis was according to recommendations (Swerdlow et al, 2008), with, in addition, a mandatory panel of pDC markers (Garnache-Ottou et al, 2009) detected by flow cytometry or by immunohistochemistry on infiltrated blood, bone marrow or cutaneous lesions. In total, 109 cases of BPDCN were included in 35 hospitals (2000-2013). BPDCN is more prevalent in men (sex ratio 4.4/1) and in elderly subjects (median age: 63 years; 7 patients were <20 yo).S kin lesions are very prevalent (85%) with variable lesion types. Blood cell counts show variable leukocytosis (figure 1A) with presence of blasts in 65% of cases. Anemia and thrombopenia were present in 59% and 76% of cases respectively. Bone marrow aspiration showed blastic infiltration in 94% of cases. Indeed, in 7 cases, there was isolated cutaneous involvement at diagnosis, with neither blood nor bone marrow infiltration. Morphologies of blast cells were heterogeneous. Typical morphologies were the most frequent, including medium-sized cells with a blastic round or irregular nucleus, cytoplasm displayed faint and irregular basophilia and no granulation. In a contingent of the blastic populations, we observed small vacuoles in a peculiar arrangement under the cytoplasmic membrane (42%) or the presence of large pseudopodia (28%) or both (17%) (Figure 1B, C, D). Some cases showed a more immature morphology with larger cells, higher nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, very visible nucleoli and reinforced basophilia (28%) or a pseudomonoblastic morphology (5%) (Figure 1E). Rare cases presented a pseudolymphocytic form (7%, figure 1F) or large granulations in the cytoplasm (2%). Peroxidase and esterase were negative in all cases. Dysplasia of hematopoietic lineages was observed in 29% (figure 1G). For 8% of patients, myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed before the diagnosis of BPDCN. Immunophenotype showed that HLA-DR and CD4 were expressed in all cases, but 4 cases did not express CD56 (confirmed using 3 different antibodies). Expression of markers of others hematopoietic lineages was frequent. Among myeloid markers, the most frequent was CD33 (46%), followed by CD117 (23%), whereas CD13, CD11c, CD15 and CD65 were rarely expressed. Monocyte markers (CD14, CD64, CD11b) and myeloperoxidase were never expressed. For the T lineage, CD2 and CD7 were the most frequent (62% and 58% respectively) whereas CD5 was rare (7%). No cytoplasmic or surface CD3 were detected. For the B lineage, CD22 was expressed in 16%, and low levels of cCD79a in 5%. Both were never expressed together, and no CD19, CD20 and immunoglobulins were found. Generally, we observed one of these antigens (Ags) per case, but in 44% of cases, there was a combination of 2 or 3 Ags from 2 or 3 different lineages. Immature Ags such as CD34 and CD133 were never found, and Tdt was found in 14% of cases. Cytogenetic analysis revealed abnormal caryotype in 65% of the 78 caryotypes evaluated, with 20 cases having a complex caryotype. The frequency of the chromosomal abnormalities involved are shown in Figure 1H. In conclusion, we describe the largest series of BPDCN to date in the literature. Detailed clinical and biological data at presentation allow improved recognition of this rare form of acute and aggressive leukemia, enabling early initiation of appropriate management. Figure 1. A: Blood cell count in 109 BPDCN patients at diagnosis. Bars represent the median. B: Typical BPDCN morphology. C: In this case, the nuclei were peripheral, cytoplasm presented heterogenous basophilia, vacuoles were rare but large pseudopodia are frequent. D: Typical morphology with frequent microvacuoles under the cytoplasmic membrane. E: Immature morphology. F: Pseudolymphocytic morphology. G: Presence of dysplasia in myeloid cells with Auer Rods in the granulocytes. The morphology of the Blastic cells is typical. H. Chromosomal abnormalities in 78 caryotypes evaluated: The histogram represents the number of cases in which each chromosome was involved (deletion, gain, translocations). Figure 1. A: Blood cell count in 109 BPDCN patients at diagnosis. Bars represent the median. B: Typical BPDCN morphology. C: In this case, the nuclei were peripheral, cytoplasm presented heterogenous basophilia, vacuoles were rare but large pseudopodia are frequent. D: Typical morphology with frequent microvacuoles under the cytoplasmic membrane. E: Immature morphology. F: Pseudolymphocytic morphology. G: Presence of dysplasia in myeloid cells with Auer Rods in the granulocytes. The morphology of the Blastic cells is typical. H. Chromosomal abnormalities in 78 caryotypes evaluated: The histogram represents the number of cases in which each chromosome was involved (deletion, gain, translocations). Disclosures Bardet: Celgene: Research Funding. Deconinck:CHUGAI: Other: Travel for international congress; PFIZER: Research Funding; ROCHE: Research Funding; NOVARTIS: Other: Travel for international congress; ALEXION: Other: Travel for international congress; JANSSEN: Other: Travel for international congress; LFB loboratory: Consultancy.
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Loudon, William R., Janaki Parameswaran y Brian Gardner. "Incorporating Feedback in Travel Forecasting". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-25.
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) introduced new requirements for how transportation modeling for air quality analysis must be performed in nonattainment areas. Because of the degree to which vehicle emission rates (on a grams-per-mile basis) are affected by speed, specific attention has been given to how speeds are estimated and subsequently used in the travel forecasting and emissions estimation process. CAAA and guidelines issued in the years following introduction of the act require that speeds used in the process be realistic in comparison to what might be observed on the road and be reasonably consistent throughout the modeling process. In most traditional modeling processes that model trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, route assignment, and emissions separately and sequentially, it has not been unusual to find different speeds (and travel times) used in different parts of the process. A description of two different research and development efforts that have produced new methods and guidelines for introducing feedback into the travel and emissions forecasting process to ensure consistent use of speeds is provided. COMSIS Corporation developed for FHWA a method for introducing feedback into the traditional four-step process by using an iterative process through all of the steps until the process converged to a stable set of link speeds. The methodology was used to test the effects of introducing feedback on model results under different levels of network congestion (feedback affects the results only when there is congestion in the network). The project resulted in a report documenting the methods, pitfalls, and common concerns for introducing feedback. A summary of the research conclusions from the project is provided.
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Walsh, Thomas J., Michael L. Littman y Alexander Borgida. "Learning web-service task descriptions from traces". Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal 10, n.º 4 (2012): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wia-2012-0254.
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Kühne, Reinhart D., Karin Langbein-Euchner, Martin Hilliges y Norbert Koch. "Evaluation of Compliance Rates and Travel Time Calculation for Automatic Alternative Route Guidance Systems on Freeways". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1554, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155400119.
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This study outlines the concept of extending an available simulation model for evaluation of freeway route guidance systems using the compliance rates of drivers with alternative route recommendations based on measurements from the freeway subnetwork near Munich, Germany. The system works with variable direction signs that automatically display routing instructions to prevent congestion on the main road. The effectiveness of the system is assessed by calculating the travel times with and without an alternative route guidance system in operation. The result is a decrease in individual travel times on the main road and overall travel time savings for all traffic participants of the system. The simulation indicates a high sensitivity of diverting portions of traffic that allows an exact validation. The diverted traffic affects not only travel time and the congested area but also the destinations, which permits the use of the compliance rate as an accurate fit parameter for exact description of traffic patterns from measurement data.
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Gordon, Benjamin D. "Sightseeing and Spectacle at the Jewish Temple". AJS Review 43, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2019): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009419000497.
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Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period (second century BCE–70 CE) was transformed into the largest pilgrimage city of the Hellenized East and the sole locus of sacrificial worship of the Jewish God in greater Judea. As argued in this paper, it also became a place for sightseeing and spectacle. By the early Roman era, movement to the city for pilgrimage was a significant component of Mediterranean and Near Eastern travel. The Jewish festival experience may have evolved to cater to the tastes of foreigners now regularly visiting the city from the Jewish Diaspora. The architecture of Herod's Temple complex and the distinctive religious customs practiced within its walls intrigued visitors, whether Jewish or non-Jewish. For those unable to witness the Temple or participate in one of its festivals firsthand, a virtual visit through a “walking-tour” description would have to suffice. Such descriptions, which are attested from the earliest days of the Second Temple, can charter in imaginative invention in order to foster a sense of awe and wonder for the audience.
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Carozzi, Albert y Marguerite Carozzi. "Franz Joseph Märter, Travel Companion of Johann David Schöpf in a Journey From Philadelphia to Florida and the Bahamas in 1783-1784". Earth Sciences History 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1994): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.13.1.60757v173568t071.
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Two years before Johann David Schöpf (1752-1800) published his Beyträge … (1787), Franz Joseph Märter (1753-1827) sent letters from Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, and East-Florida to Ignaz von Born, describing plants, animals, and geological features of the newly independent states. These letters were speedily printed in Physikalische Arbeiten … in Vienna (1785). A last letter sent from the Bahamas appeared in the same periodical in 1786. Märter's geological observations are translated and analyzed here for the first time. His descriptions of various rocks along the Schuylkill River, upstream from Philadelphia (granites, limestones, marble quarries, widespread weathered iron ores), and his interpretation of the fossiliferous sandstones in the Appalachian mountains are very similar to those by Schöpf. So are Märter's observations of shell banks, either exposed in ditches many miles from the sea, or in cliffs at Yorktown, Virginia, and Wilmington, North Carolina, as well as his description of granite and of a large coal mine near Richmond, Virginia. Finally, both travelers noticed that the rocky cliffs in the Bahamas consisted of limestone formed by Muschelsand [beachrock]. We established that Märter and Schöpf traveled together from Philadelphia to the Bahamas (November 1783 to March 1784). But neither acknowledged the influence, or at least the presence of the other, probably for political reasons.
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Liu, Henry X., Xuegang Ban, Bin Ran y Pitu Mirchandani. "Formulation and Solution Algorithm for Fuzzy Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-13.
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An issue that is always important in the development of traffic assignment models is how travelers' perceptions of travel time should be modeled. Because travelers rarely have perfect knowledge of the road network or of the travel conditions, they choose routes on the basis of their perceived travel times. Traditionally, travelers' perceived travel times are treated as random variables, leading to the stochastic traffic assignment problem. However, uncertain factors are also observed in the subjective recognition of travel times by travelers, and these can be illustrated as fuzzy variables. Therefore, a fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model that takes into account the imprecision and the uncertainties in the route choice process is proposed. By modeling the expressions of perceived travel times as fuzzy variables, this model makes possible the description of a traveler's process of choosing a route that is more accurate and realistic than those from its deterministic or stochastic counter parts. The fuzzy perceived link travel time and fuzzy perceived path travel time are defined, and a fuzzy shortest path algorithm is used to find the group of fuzzy shortest paths and to assign traffic to each of them by using the so-called C-logit method. The results of the proposed model are also compared with those from the stochastic dynamic traffic assignment model, and it is demonstrated that the impact of advanced traveler information systems on the traveler's route choice process can be readily incorporated into the proposed model.
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Léonard, Éric, Bruno Losch y Fernando Rello. "Recomposiciones de la economía rural y mutaciones de la acción pública en el México del TLCAN". Revista Trace, n.º 52 (6 de julio de 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.337.
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A trece años de su ratificación el balance del TLCAN sigue siendo objeto de controversia, en particular en lo que toca al sector agropecuario. Las evoluciones macroeconómicas positivas (crecimiento de los intercambios comerciales, de las inversiones directas, de la productividad) son cuestionadas por el aumento de las desigualdades en la distribución de la riqueza, tanto entre sectores sociales como entre las grandes regiones del país, así como por la incapacidad del sector manufacturero para absorber los empleos perdidos en los ramos poco competitivos de la agricultura. Una consecuencia de esta situación radica en la intensificación de los movimientos migratorios, tanto en el ámbito interno como en la destinación de Estados Unidos. A partir de la descripción de los fenómenos de cambio estructural que han afectado al sector agropecuario en el curso del último decenio, el artículo muestra cómo la intervención pública, en su nueva configuración, ha contribuido a ahondar las diferencias de productividad entre regiones y grupos socioeconómicos, a la vez que permiten controlar los procesos de marginación y pobreza rural. Con todo, las transferencias públicas participan de un proceso generalizado de diversificación de las actividades y los ingresos –entre los cuales las remesas ocupan un lugar central–, en el sentido de una reconfiguración radical de la economía de las familias rurales. El trabajo aborda en conclusión las incidencias de tales cambios en la naturaleza y el sentido de las transiciones en curso, así como los retos, en particular políticos, que éstas plantean.Abstract: After thirteen years of its validation, the TLCAN outcome still is controversial, particularly in reference to the agricultural facet. The positive macroeconomic evolutions (growth of commercial exchange, of direct inversion, of productivity) are questioned due to the inequity regarding the distribution of wealth between social sectors and large portions of the country as well as the inability of the industrial sector to absorb the employments lost in lesser competitive agricultural sectors. One of the consequences is that the intensification of the migratory movements inside the country as well as in the United States of America. Starting from descriptions of the structuralchanged phenomena, which has affected agriculture during the last decade, this paper shows the way in which public intervention, in its new layout, has contributed to deepen the differences in terms of productivity between regions and socio-economical groups. At the same time this allowed to control the generalized process of diversification in activities and income at the heart of which the deliveries take a central roll, in the sense of a radical configuration in the economy of rural families. This paper stresses the consequences of these transformations in the nature and sense of the current transition, as well as the challenges, particularly the political ones.Resumé : Treize ans après sa ratification, le bilan de l’Accord de libre-échange d’Amérique du Nord (ALENA) demeure sujet à controverse, en particulier pour ce qui concerne son volet agricole. Les évolutions macro-économiques positives (croissance des échanges commerciaux, des investissements directs et de la productivité) sont en effet contrebalancées par un accroissement des inégalités dans la distribution de la richesse, tant entre secteurs sociaux qu’entre les grandes régions, ainsi que par la difficulté du secteur industriel à absorber les emplois perdus dans les secteurs peu compétitifs de l’agriculture. L’une des conséquences de cette situation réside dans l’intensification des mouvements migratoires, tant entre les régions du pays qu’en direction des États-unis. À partir d’une description des phénomènes de changements structurels qui ont marqué l’agriculture au cours de la dernière décennie, l’article montre comment l’intervention publique dans sa configuration nouvelle a contribué au creusement des écarts au sein du secteur tout en facilitant la gestion des phénomènes de marginalisation et de pauvreté rurale. Il s’attache enfin à démontrer en quoi les transferts publics ne sont qu’une contribution au processus général de diversification des activités et des revenus – au sein duquel les transferts privés liés à la migration occupent une place centrale –, entraînant une profonde reconfiguration de l’économie des familles rurales. Il aborde en conclusion les conséquences de ces changements sur la nature et le sens des transitions en cours, ainsi que les enjeux, notamment politiques, qui en découlent.
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Böröcz, József. "Travel-Capitalism: The Structure of Europe and the Advent of the Tourist". Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, n.º 4 (octubre de 1992): 708–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500018065.
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In one of the twenty lines it allocates to a description of Hungary, the nearly 300-page edition in 1877 of A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe summarizes the architectural and aesthetic worth of the country's capital city for sightseeing American visitors by pronouncing that, in Budapest, “the churches and the public buildings are of no particular interest” (Satchel 1877:194). Twenty years later, the 1897 edition of that same guidebook takes a more amiable but scarcely enthusiastic pitch, allowing that “some of the new public buildings are elegant in their way” (Satchel 1897:184). Twenty-seven years later—following a world war, two revolutions, and a foreign military occupation resulting in the dismemberment of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy—the presence of what has remained of Hungary is noted by an increase to eighty-one lines (Satchel 1924). Except for a one-sentence reference to a Danubian steamboat trip downstream from Pressburg (Bratislava, Pozsony), the entire description remains restricted to Budapest. Nearly two generations after the pronouncement of the disparaging opinion above, the 1924 text notices that Budapest's “picture at sunset is one of the most striking in Europe” (Satchel 1924:272) and that “it is not only the most considerable city of Hungary, but is probably to be numbered among the four most beautiful capitals of Europe” (1924:273).
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BUTLER, LESLIE. "HISTORICIZING AMERICAN TRAVEL, AT HOME AND ABROAD". Modern Intellectual History 8, n.º 1 (3 de marzo de 2011): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147924431100014x.
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In the winter of 1859, the Boston poet Julia Ward Howe sailed for Cuba; and in the winter of 1860, Ticknor and Fields published an account of her travel.A Trip to Cubaappeared only months after the same firm had published Richard Henry Dana's story of his “vacation voyage,”To Cuba and Back. These two narratives responded to a burgeoning American interest in the Caribbean island that promised recuperation to American invalids and adventure for military “filibusters.” Howe's narrative demonstrated a self-conscious familiarity with antebellum travel writing more broadly, however, as she playfully resisted yet ultimately upheld various conventions of a genre that had become a staple of the American literary marketplace. “I do not know why all celebrated people who write books of travel begin by describing their days of seasickness,” she noted, before discussing her own shipboard illness. She followed similar cues as she blended elements of autobiography, the social sketch, nature writing, and political and social commentary. Across 250 “sprightly” pages, readers were offered a familiar melange of humorous portraits, detailed descriptions of “foreign” institutions, and extensive commentary on local customs and social mores.
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Maria Kockelman, Kara. "Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-16.
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The relative significance and influence of a variety of measures of urban form on household vehicle kilometers traveled, automobile ownership, and mode choice were investigated. The travel data came from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area travel surveys, and the land use data were largely constructed from hectare-level descriptions provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments. After demographic characteristics were controlled for, the measures of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance—computed for trip-makers’ home neighborhoods and at trip ends—proved to be highly statistically significant and influential in their impact on all measures of travel behavior. In many cases, balance, mix, and accessibility were found to be more relevant (as measured by elasticities) than several household and traveler characteristics that often form a basis for travel behavior prediction. In contrast, under all but the vehicle ownership models, the impact of density was negligible after accessibility was controlled.
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Van Kley, Edwin J. "Asian Religions in Seventeenth-century Dutch Literature". Itinerario 25, n.º 3-4 (noviembre de 2001): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014984.
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What had begun as a respectable stream of information about Asia during the sixteenth century became a virtual flood during the seventeenth. Literally hundreds of books about Asia and its various parts were published during that century, authored by missionaries, merchants, mariners, physicians, soldiers, and independent travellers. At least twenty-five major descriptions of South Asia, appeared during the century; another fifteen on mainland Southeast Asia, about twenty devoted to the Southeast Asian archipelagoes, and sixty or more to East Asia. Alongside these major independent contributions stood scores of Jesuit letterbooks, derivative accounts, travel accounts with brief descriptions of many Asian places, pamphlets, newssheets, and the like. Many of these were collected into the several large multivolume compilations of travel literature published during the period. In addition, several important scholarly studies pertaining to Asia were published during the seventeenth century - studies of Asian medicine, botany, religion, and history- as well as translations of important Chinese and Sanskrit literature.
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Elad, Amikam. "The description of the travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa in Palestine: is it original?" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 119, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00140651.
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The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that large parts of Ibn Baṭṭūṭuta's description of his travels in Palestine were in fact copied, with certain abbreviations and deletions, from the records of another Muslim traveller, Muhammad b. Muḥammad al-‛Abdarī.
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Ghaderi, Farah y Wan Roselezam Wan Yahya. "EXOTICISM IN GERTRUDE BELL'SPERSIAN PICTURES". Victorian Literature and Culture 42, n.º 1 (19 de febrero de 2014): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000247.
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Victorian travelers in colonial contextsencountered differences in landscape, mores and manners, society, politics and culture, among other things, and registered their responses to the places visited in their published travel books for the home audience. Postcolonial critics contend that exoticism, i.e., a Western traveler's response to and description of the differences encountered in the context of travel, was deeply informed by the asymmetrical power relation between the representer/colonizer and the represented/colonized. As a result, these critics argue, exoticism in colonial travel writing was appropriative since it tended to construct the dichotomy of self/other in such a way as to justify imperial interventions in other countries (Forsdick, “Sa(L)Vaging Exoticism” 30–34; Said 1–28). As Graham Huggan rightly argues, difference of the colonial other in its various aspects was denigrated and dismissed as exotic when “translated into the master code of empire,” since it superimposed “a dominant way of seeing, speaking and thinking onto marginalised peoples” (24).
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Carmony, Donald F., Don Heinrich Tolzmann y Johann Heckewelder. "The First Description of Cincinnati and Other Ohio Settlements: The Travel Report of Johann Heckewelder (1792)". Journal of the Early Republic 9, n.º 2 (1989): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123221.
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BAUMGARDNER, DAVID E., STEVEN K. BURIAN y DAVID BASS. "Life stage descriptions, taxonomic notes, and new records for the mayfly family Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera)". Zootaxa 332, n.º 1 (21 de octubre de 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.332.1.1.
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The larval stages of Tricorythodes fictus Traver, T. cobbi Alba-Tercedor and Flannagan, and T. mosegus Alba-Tercedor and Flannagan are described for the first time based upon reared specimens. The rarely reported Asioplax dolani (Allen) is newly documented from the Austroriparian ecological region of Texas. Leptohyphes zalope Traver, known from the southwestern United States and much of Central America, is newly documented from the Caribbean Islands of Grenada and Tobago. This represents only the second leptohyphid mayfly known from both Continental America and the Caribbean region. Additional Caribbean records of Allenhyphes flinti (Allen) are also given.
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Gheorghe, Cezar. "Time and Description in Sátántangó and The Melancholy of Resistance (Novel into Film)". Journal of World Literature 6, n.º 3 (13 de septiembre de 2021): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00603007.
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Abstract The collaboration between László Krasznahorkai and Béla Tarr has resulted in one of the most celebrated recent works of world cinema. The adaptation aspect of films like Sátántangó (1994) and Werckmeister Harmonies (2000) is sometimes overlooked by adaptation studies. I will argue that the concept of fidelity criticism, disregarded by recent studies of adaptation, is still valuable for analysing the way in which literariness can travel through the transmedial modality of time and duration. These case studies suggest that a transmedial approach to the relation between world literature and world cinema is possible by putting forward a different understanding of the concept of fidelity as circulation, a concept that is common to both world cinema and world literature studies.
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Brettle, R. P. "The Internet and medicine: related sites including HIV/AIDS". International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1997): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971919534.
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Summary: Whilst interest in the Internet is increasing there has been very little information to date on health-related resources. This review provides a personal selection of some initial sites together with brief descriptions of their contents in the areas of general medicine, infectious diseases, travel-related medicine and HIV/AIDS.
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Kim, Eun Joo, Sarah Tanford y Laura A. Book. "The Effect of Priming and Customer Reviews on Sustainable Travel Behaviors". Journal of Travel Research 60, n.º 1 (13 de enero de 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519894069.
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This research investigates how priming environmental attitudes influences purchase decisions and donations in response to environmental cues in online traveler reviews. An experiment evaluated the effects of priming, green review valence, and green designator cues using a simulated travel website. Priming was implemented using an environmental awareness scale that was completed before viewing the stimuli. Green review valence consisted of customer reviews for a resort that contained positive or negative environmental content. The designator cue was a “green leaders” badge on the resort description. The results indicate that the influence of environmental attitudes is stronger when green content is negative versus positive, and negative environmental content increases donations to environmental causes. Environmental attitude scores moderate the effect of priming those attitudes on behavioral intentions. However, a green designator does not influence outcomes. The findings can help operators promote environmental behaviors and attract travelers through sustainable practices.
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Davis, Sacha E. "Hospitality networks, British travel writers, and the dissemination of competing Transylvanian claims to civilization, 1830s–1930s". Nationalities Papers 46, n.º 4 (julio de 2018): 612–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2018.1448375.
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Hungarian, Saxon, and Romanian nationalist activists in Transylvania disseminated competing claims to “Westernness” by swaying visiting British travel writers' descriptions through hospitality networks that guided what writers saw and heard, assuring that travelers favored the nationalists' classifications of the region's ethnicities. Although the qualities British travelers valued varied depending on individual differences and intellectual currents such as enlightened reform, scientific racism, and the romantic revival, travelers consistently ascribed the qualities they best favored to the nationality on whose hospitality they relied. Wealth and time of travel determined which hospitality networks travelers favored. The Hungarian noble elites hosted most travelers until 1918, when the newly dominant Romanian nobility replaced them. Throughout, peasant voices especially remained marginalized.
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Roddis, S. M. y A. J. Richardson. "Construction of Daytime Activity Profiles from Household Travel Survey Data". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1625, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1625-13.
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The perception of population as the number of people living in a region is entrenched firmly in the minds of many urban planners and transport professionals. In the past, the use of such a residential or home-based description of population would have suited most local area planning and transportation modeling needs. In light of this, the use of a daytime distribution of population to locate services and facilities forms a radical departure from conventional practice. However, there is a clear need to consider the location of people across the day in planning for the provision of facilities that will be used during the day. Data from the Victorian Activity and Travel Survey were used to develop methods by which daytime population behavior can be examined. Specifically, two measures were developed. A population profile provides an estimate of population within any region at any time of the day. A visitation curve supplements the population profile by monitoring the number of people using a region across the day. Further disaggregation of the population to reveal behavioral and demographic characteristics constitutes an important component of the methodology.
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Stern, David A., Reza Khanbilvardi, James C. Alair y William Richardson. "Description of flow through a natural wetland using dye tracer tests". Ecological Engineering 18, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2001): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(01)00076-3.
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NASCIMENTO, STÊNIO R. S., LUCAS R. C. LIMA y CARLOS A. S. AZEVÊDO. "Description of the nymph of Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro, 2013 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Region of Brazil". Zootaxa 4683, n.º 2 (8 de octubre de 2019): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4683.2.7.
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Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 is one of the most abundant and widespread genera of Leptophlebiidae represented by 66 species (Barber-James et al. 2013; Gonçalves et al. 2013; Lima et al. 2013; Souto et al. 2014; Zúñiga et al. 2015; Boldrini et al. 2018; Campos & Mariano 2019). Its distribution extends from Central Argentina in the Neotropics to the Neartic Region. For Brazil, 23 species are known (Salles & Boldrini 2019), but only seven species are known from both adult and nymphal stages: T. bonito Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian; T. cochunaensis Domínguez; T. daidaleus Traver & Edmunds; T. jones Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian; T. itatiajanus Traver & Edmunds; T. schlingeri Traver & Edmunds and T. traverae Thew (Thew 1960; Traver & Edmunds 1967; Domínguez 1987; Lopes et al. 2003; Gonçalves et al. 2010; Gonçalves et al. 2013).
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Williams, R. B. y Hugh S. Torrens. "No. 3 Highbury Grove, Islington: the private geological museum of James Scott Bowerbank (1797–1877)". Archives of Natural History 43, n.º 2 (octubre de 2016): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2016.0383.
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James Scott Bowerbank (1797–1877), author of A history of the fossil fruits and seeds of the London Clay (1840) and A monograph of the British Spongiadae (1864–1882) was an immensely energetic self-taught naturalist, and the founder or co-founder of several famous scientific societies. In 1847, at the age of 50 years, he retired from business as the wealthy joint head of his family's distillery company to devote himself to scientific research. In 1846, such was the extent of his collections of fossils and other specimens already amassed before his retirement, he had been obliged to build a private museum as an extension of his residence at no. 3 Highbury Grove, Islington, London. The fame of this museum, where on Monday evenings in the summer Bowerbank held informal scientific soirées, spread rapidly and attracted many eminent scientists from Great Britain and abroad. Almost as soon as it was built, the museum was immortalized in a curious lithographic cartoon, which jokingly represented it as a typical Victorian London chop-house with various fossils on the menu, making gentle fun of Bowerbank's perceived eccentric obsession with palaeontology. The identities of neither artist nor printer of the cartoon are known for certain, but Edward Forbes is suggested herein as a strong candidate for the possible artist. Nine copies have been traced in London, though none elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Probably it was intended for private circulation among Bowerbank's friends and colleagues. The present paper provides a brief account of the Highbury Grove museum and a description of the remarkable 1846 lithograph.
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Lyon, Don R. y Glenn Gunzelmann. "Functional Equivalence and Spatial Path Memory". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2011): 2081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.618227.
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Loomis, Klatzky, Avraamides, Lippa and Golledge (2007) suggest that, when it comes to spatial information, verbal description and perceptual experience are nearly functionally equivalent with respect to the cognitive representations they produce. We tested this idea for the case of spatial memory for complex paths. Paths consisted entirely of unit-length segments followed by 90-degree turns, thus assuring that a path could be described with equal precision using either an egocentric verbal description or a virtual self-motion experience. The verbal description was analogous to driving directions (e.g., turn left and go one block, then turn right, etc.) except in three dimensions (allowing rotation followed by up or down movement). Virtual self-motion was depicted as first-person travel through a 3D grid of featureless corridors. Comparison of these two conditions produced a result that may be surprising to some, but nevertheless appears to support the notion of functional equivalence: Virtual self-motion does not produce better path memory than verbal description, when care is taken to present equally precise path information. This result holds for even very complex paths and despite evidence from proximity-based interference that the memory representation of the path is spatial.
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Dam, Anders Ehlers. "Paris’ hjerte Johannes V. Jensen og rejsens erotik". European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 49, n.º 2 (25 de octubre de 2019): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2019-0026.
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Abstract This article highlights the link between travel and erotics as a literary trope, exemplified by Johannes V. Jensen’s story ”Louison” (1899). ”Louison” describes the short-lived affair between a male traveller and a loose woman. From their first encounter on a Parisian boulevard, loaded with baudelairian esthetics, to their sudden parting after a day and a night spent together, their relationship is made possible by the anonymity of the modern city and by the condition of modernity. The erotic encounter in Jensen’s story is inextricably connected — like in Baudelaire — to the modern urban backdrop against which it unfolds. In Jensen’s story, the erotics of travel feeds into the ”myth of Paris”: far from being merely the story of an erotic encounter, ”Louison” is also the vivid description of a fin-de-siècle Paris, swarming and buzzing with constant, multiple energies that unify in a totality elevated to the dimensions of ”myth” — a word charged with significance in Jensen’s work.
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Težak Damijanić, Ana. "Wellness and healthy lifestyle in tourism settings". Tourism Review 74, n.º 4 (25 de septiembre de 2019): 978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-02-2019-0046.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the concept of wellness as a form of healthy lifestyle in tourism settings. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a self-complete questionnaire administered to a sample of guests staying in wellness hotels in Croatia. These data were processed using univariate statistics (general description of the sample), cluster analysis (segmentation purposes), multinomial regression analysis (profiling the clusters) and confirmatory factor analysis (confirmation of wellness-related lifestyle). Findings Six wellness-related lifestyle dimensions (diet, fitness, social interactions, cultural diversity, health awareness and personal development) were confirmed, and four segments emerged (high-level wellness, diet- and health-oriented, fitness-oriented and low-level wellness clusters). They differed in their travel motivation. Originality/value This paper suggests a wellness-related lifestyle scale that integrates the elements of wellness intervention models and healthy lifestyle, confirms the link between healthy lifestyle and travel motivation and establishes the importance of the social, intellectual and spiritual dimensions of a tourist’s lifestyle.
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Aultman-Hall, Lisa y Fred L. Hall. "Research Design Insights from a Survey of Urban Bicycle Commuters". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1636, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1636-04.
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A bicycle route and safety survey was distributed to 6,000 bicycle commuters in Ontario in 1995. The objective of the survey was to collect both collision/fall histories and detailed travel behavior information. A description is provided of the questionnaire development, which included a map for route tracing, as well as the sampling procedures that involved attaching the mail-back survey to the crossbars of parked bicycles. The resulting analyses, which address methodological issues, are presented. No differential response rates between men and women were found. No evidence was found to suggest that cyclists who had experienced accidents were more likely to respond. A slight decrease in incidents was found as one moves backward in the time, suggesting slight recall bias, but, overall, the time period over which information was collected (3 years for collisions and 1 year for falls) was deemed appropriate. The measure of travel exposure combined information from the map with estimates of commute trips per month. The aggregate overall estimate was deemed satisfactory but the ability of cyclists to recall commute trips on exact days even in the near past was inadequate. Overall, the survey was successful, and the insights should provide helpful guidance to others who seek to gather bicycle travel information.
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Segal, Nancy L. "Twin Reunions: The Science Behind the Fascination/Twin Research Reports: Altitude and Hypoxia; Twin Pregnancy Outcomes; Space Mission/Media Highlights: Chinese Twins Reunited; Twin Loss Discovered; Hidden Twins; Twin Euthanasia; Twin Savior". Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, n.º 5 (9 de septiembre de 2013): 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.62.
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A description of the unique qualitative features of reunions between separated monozygotic twins is presented. The scientific implications of these observations are considered with reference to understanding human social behavior in general. This is followed by summaries of twin research on altitude and hypoxia, pregnancy outcomes, and space travel. Finally, recent accounts of twins in the media are noted; in particular, a rare reunion of adult monozygotic male Chinese twins, a novelist's personal discovery of twin loss, two renowned but ‘hidden’ twins, the moving story of an identical Belgian pair, and a twin savior.
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Saliba, Issa A. "Travel Literature, Pilgrims and Missionaries: A Mid-Nineteenth Century Duel Over the Holy Land". Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies 20, n.º 1 (mayo de 2021): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2021.0259.
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The image of the Holy Land/Palestine and special affinity among Protestant Americans in the first half of the nineteenth century, a period which has received relatively little religious analysis, was directly influenced by the Bible, but also by inaccurate descriptions of travellers in the region. This fact is illustrated by sharp exchanges between two Holy Land enthusiasts, James Silk Buckingham and Eli Smith. Their disagreements in describing famous places fed into divergent narratives about Palestine, one romantic and the other more realistic, both of which, however, were manipulated by the future Zionist enterprise to assert Jewish claims and ascendancy.
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Tong, P., D. Zhao, D. Yang, X. Yang, J. Chen y Q. Liu. "Wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography – Part 1: Method". Solid Earth 5, n.º 2 (26 de noviembre de 2014): 1151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1151-2014.
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Abstract. In this paper, we propose a wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography method with a detailed description of its step-by-step process. First, a linear relationship between the travel-time residual Δt = Tobs–Tsyn and the relative velocity perturbation δ c(x)/c(x) connected by a finite-frequency travel-time sensitivity kernel K(x) is theoretically derived using the adjoint method. To accurately calculate the travel-time residual Δt, two automatic arrival-time picking techniques including the envelop energy ratio method and the combined ray and cross-correlation method are then developed to compute the arrival times Tsyn for synthetic seismograms. The arrival times Tobs of observed seismograms are usually determined by manual hand picking in real applications. Travel-time sensitivity kernel K(x) is constructed by convolving a~forward wavefield u(t,x) with an adjoint wavefield q(t,x). The calculations of synthetic seismograms and sensitivity kernels rely on forward modeling. To make it computationally feasible for tomographic problems involving a large number of seismic records, the forward problem is solved in the two-dimensional (2-D) vertical plane passing through the source and the receiver by a high-order central difference method. The final model is parameterized on 3-D regular grid (inversion) nodes with variable spacings, while model values on each 2-D forward modeling node are linearly interpolated by the values at its eight surrounding 3-D inversion grid nodes. Finally, the tomographic inverse problem is formulated as a regularized optimization problem, which can be iteratively solved by either the LSQR solver or a~nonlinear conjugate-gradient method. To provide some insights into future 3-D tomographic inversions, Fréchet kernels for different seismic phases are also demonstrated in this study.
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Sullivan, Brian E. "Diesel Light Rail Transit: Niche Description and Rating System". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-17.
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The appearance of a new rail car technology, combining the features of the latest in low-floor streetcar design with those of diesel freight railways, makes it possible to consider rail service for passenger flows much lower than generally have been found feasible until now. With the introduction of any new technology comes the question, What is its role? It is concluded that the provision of short-haul services—within inner and outer suburbs, and between such places and downtowns—is where the greatest potential lies. Additional applications are ( a) similar services extending beyond the commutershed into the trading hinterland of a city, ( b) those catering to cross-radial travel within a central city or region that is not oriented to downtown, and ( c) those that may sometimes involve a nonurban region or tourism. This could be a significant development, as much of the U.S. and Canadian population lives in low-density suburbs or semirural counties, both of which can be expected to continue their dominance of the growth agenda. One of the advantages of this new family of diesel light rail technology arises from its ability to use existing pathways through cities and towns. This keeps costs low and avoids the dislocation and environmental problems associated with the taking of large swaths of land required by many solutions. One way to do this is by using existing railway tracks or rights of way. Another is to share right-of-way space with a road, either in a streetcar format or on a separate strip. The results have proven useful in an assessment of freight railway lines in Calgary and Edmonton with respect to their potential for diesel light rail services.
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Grant, Peter M. y Edwin C. Masteller. "Inter sexuality in Ephemeroptera: description of four specimens and comments on its occurrence in a parthenogenetic species". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1987): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-302.
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Intersexes of Ameletus lineatus Traver, Baetis tricaudatus Dodds, and Paraleptophlebia moerens (McDunnough) are described. All specimens are masculinized females. The B. tricaudatus and P. moerens specimens have typical female features with male-like eyes. The A. lineatus intersex has a relatively large number of male-like characters and a greater degree of maleness of these characters. The latter species is also parthenogenetic.
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Tusch, Roland. "„Hier ward der Sieg errungen über einen mächtigen, compacten Alpenzug“. Der Semmering in Reiseführern zwischen 1852 und 1873". Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (17 de agosto de 2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.8.
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With the Railway Age, the perception of the landscape has changed. In Austria, the world’s first high mountain railway was built in the middle of the 19th century. It crosses the Alps at one of their eastern foothills, the Semmering. The central subject of this study is the landscape that was completely transformed by the construction of the Semmering Railway between 1852 and 1873. How was the Semmering perceived before it was discovered by the Viennese society as a region of summer resort? How were the massive changes in the Alpine landscape caused by the construction of the railway portrayed in the medium of contemporary travel guides?The sources investigated cover the period from the construction of the Semmering Railway to the discovery of the region as a summer resort. Starting with the first travel guides to the construction site and ending with the travel guides to the completed railway, seven main sources were analysed. As a starting point for the qualitative content analysis, a system of categories was developed as a search grid to filter the relevant aspects for answering the research question. The analysis follows the process of coding, paraphrasing and generalizing, and clearly reveals different levels of perception. The landscape in which the railway was built was described in extremely positive, poetic formulations. The negatively judging descriptions are particularly remarkable in the context of the travel guides, as they can be read as a critical reflection of the changed situation. Instead of regretting the destruction of nature, the victory of man or technology over nature was celebrated. From the comparison of the travel guides to the construction site and those to the completed railway, the progress of the construction work is clearly readable. The magnificence of the construction project was beyond question from the very beginning. The travel guides allow one to comprehend this, at the time rather young, transformation of the landscape; they open up a differentiated view of the landscape.