Tesis sobre el tema "Développement durable – Amérique latine"
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Bourlon, Nicolas. "Développement durable et gestion des bassins hydrographiques : Conception et mise en place d'Agences de bassin en Amérique latine". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES089.
Texto completoVanhulst, Julien. "LES CHEMINS SINUEUX DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE: Une analyse du discours académique latino-américain". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218364.
Texto completoThis research project intended to describe and analyze the appropriation of the sustainable development discourse in the Latin-American academic field since 1970. The theoretical framework stems from the intersection of the pluralistic approaches to modernity, on the one hand, and of sustainable development, on the other. The methodological framework proposed an hybrid research model which combines quantitative (network analysis based on bibliometrics) and qualitative methods (dicourse analysis). In addition, some in-depth interviews were conducted with leading proponents of the sustainable development discourse in Latin America. This study is aimed at contributing to critical approaches towards sustainable development by analysing the modes of reception and appropriation of this discourse in Latin America departing from the following research question: What are the positions and specificities in Latin-American academic discourse in the field of sustainable development?The idea of sustainable development makes its appereance towards the end of the twentieth century. Its roots are to be found in critical debates about the links between environment and development. These discussions are located at the crossroads of the criticisms towards the Eurocentric ideology of development and the emerging acknowledgement of the global environmental crisis. This ideas quickly cristalize into a new Society/Environment equation and place the imperative of socio-environmental sustainability as a fundamental question with regard to the trajectories of societies. However, there is no universal answer to the problem of socio- environmental sustainability ;but rather a wide range of proposals guided by specific cosmovisions. These proposals are all part of the sustainable development discourse, interacting and simultaneously forging a field of tension between the various responses to the fundamental problem of the interdependency between human societies and their natural environment. Consequently, sustainable development can only be understood as an heterogeneous discursive field.Our research project approaches the analysis of the participation of Latin Americans intellectuals in the discursive field of sustainable development from both a quantitative and a qualitative perspectives. The objectives cover three orders: (1) a structural level, (2) a micro level (actor perspective) and (3) a level of discourse analysis.• At the structural level, the central objective is to analyze, structure, and map the construction of the discursive field of sustainable development in Latin-American academia. The secondary objectives seek to highlight the relative importance of the discursive field and its historical transformations, the structure and characteristics of the field, as well as the interdisciplinary and international dialogs.• At the micro level, the central objective is to highlight central and intermediary actors; but also the institutions, research teams, and research programs which had a vital role in the construction of the " Latin-American environmental thinking".• Finally the discourse analysis will highlight the content and singularity of some of the discourses and, more specifically, their modes of conceptualization of modernity and sustainable development, their modes of reference to other discourses (coalition/rupture) and the links between the respective discourse and the socio-historical and ideological context in which they are produced (the connection between experience and interpretation).The project is divided in four sections: (1) Theoretical framework, (2) Methodological framework, (3) Networks and discourse analyses, and (4) Main conclusions.
Este proyecto de investigación propone describir y analizar la apropiación del discurso del desarrollo sostenible en la esfera académica en América Latina desde la década de 1970. El marco conceptual cruza los enfoques pluralistas de la modernidad y del desarrollo sostenible. El marco metodológico propone un modelo de investigación híbrido que cruza métodos cuantitativo (análisis de redes en base a la bibliometría) y cualitativa (análisis de discursos). Como complemento, algunas entrevistas en profundidad han sido realizadas con algunos referentes del discurso del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina. Este estudio contribuye a apoyar los enfoques críticos del desarrollo sostenible analizando los modos de recepción y de apropiación de este discurso en América Latina a partir de la pregunta de investigación siguiente: ¿Cuáles son las posiciones y especificidades de los discursos académicos latinoamericanos en el campo discursivo del desarrollo sostenible?La idea de un desarrollo sostenible se perfila hacia finales del siglo XX. Saca sus raíces de los debates críticos acerca de los vínculos entre medio ambiente y desarrollo. Esos debates se sitúan en la encrucijada de las críticas de la ideología eurocéntrica del desarrollo y de la puesta de manifiesto de la crisis ambiental planetaria. Codifican rápidamente una nueva ecuación Sociedad/Medio ambiente e instalan el imperativo de sustentabilidad socio-ambiental al centro de las cuestiones fundamentales en las trayectorias de las sociedades. Sin embargo, no existe una respuesta universal al problema de la sustentabilidad socio-ambiental; sino más bien una amplia gama de propuestas guiadas por visiones del mundo específicas. Estas propuestas son tantos discursos del desarrollo sostenible que dialogan y forjan simultáneamente un campo de tensión entre distintas respuestas al problema fundamental del vínculo de interdependencia entre las sociedades humanas y su medio natural. Por consiguiente, el desarrollo sostenible no puede entenderse sino como un campo discursivo heterogéneo.Nuestro proyecto de investigación propone analizar a la vez cuantitativa y cualitativamente la participación de los intelectuales latinoamericanos en el campo discursivo del desarrollo sostenible. Los objetivos se pueden subdividir en tres niveles: (1) un nivel estructural, (2) un nivel micro (desde los actores) y (3) un nivel de análisis de contenido de discursos.• En el plano estructural, el objetivo central es analizar, estructurar y cartografiar el agenciamiento del campo discursivo latinoamericano del desarrollo sostenible en la esfera académica. Los objetivos secundarios buscan poner de relieve la importancia relativa del campo discursivo y sus transformaciones históricas, la estructura y las características del campo así como los diálogos interdisciplinarios e internacionales.• Al nivel micro, el objetivo central era evidenciar los actores centrales e intermediarios que participan en el campo discursivo del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina; pero también las instituciones, equipos y programas de investigación que han tenido un papel esencial en la construcción del “pensamiento ambiental latinoamericano”.• Finalmente el análisis de contenido de los discursos nos ha permitido poner de relieve el contenido y la singularidad de algunos discursos y más específicamente los modos de problematización de la modernidad y del desarrollo sostenible, los modos de referencia a los demás discursos (coalición/ruptura) y los vínculos entre el discurso y el contexto socio-histórico e ideológico en el que están producidos (la conexión entre experiencia y interpretación).El proyecto se divide en cuatro secciones :(1) Marco teórico, (2) Marco metodológico, (3) Análisis de redes y de discurso, y (4) Principales conclusiones.
Option Gestion de l’environnement et d’aménagement du territoire du Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Riascos, Benavides José Luis. "Natural resources, institutions, and sustainable development : a regional analysis in Latin America". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1090.
Texto completoThis thesis contributes to the literature on the resource curse at the subnational level, focusing on mining in Latin America within the context of climate change. It examines how mining influences sustainable development and explores public attitudes toward sustainable development in the face of competing priorities. The first chapter analyzes the impact of energy transition metal (ETM) mining on the quality of institutions in Latin America. A novel institutional quality index dataset at the subnational level is constructed. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences approach, with the treatment group consisting of regions where ETM mining begins, the findings indicate that mining reduces the quality of local institutions, particularly in terms of perceived government effectiveness. This decline in institutional quality may potentially compromise long-term development, given the key role of strong institutions. Chapter 2 investigates the contribution of the mining sector to sustainable development in Mexican municipalities. Employing a staggered difference-in-differences design, with municipalities where mining operations occur as the treatment group, the results suggest that mining does not significantly affect economic inequality or education and has a limited impact on household income but does lead to environmental degradation. These findings highlight potential negative trade-offs for mining communities. Lastly, Chapter 3 examines voter attitudes toward investments aimed at sustainable development in Colombia. The analysis reveals that when confronted with competing concerns, voters prioritize security and visible infrastructure over sustainability-focused investments. However, municipalities with lower security concerns or higher levels of education exhibit more diverse priorities, suggesting that context significantly influences voter preferences
Hernandez, Salinas Alberto. "Les relations entre les sciences environnementales et les politiques dans le Programme MAB de l´UNESCO en Amérique Latine et son adaptation au Mexique, au Chili et en Haïti". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA047/document.
Texto completoEnvironmental challenges have a significant impact. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme of UNESCO provides international support to one of the challenges facing humanity; that is how to achieve economic, social and political development and to promote the conservation of limited natural resources at the same time.This thesis takes into account a historical vision of the programme at the global level to understand its evolution and to highlight the relationship between the political and scientific spheres of the programme.On the other hand, it presents three study cases in different countries: Mexico, Chile and the Republic of Haiti to demonstrate how the programme has been adapted on the national level and the challenges they face. Two groups of actors have shaped the programme throughout its history, scientists and political bodies. They have maintained dialogues to adopt the principles of the MAB Programme in the Biosphere Reserves. Moreover, the recent creation of a Transboundary Biosphere Reserve between the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is an example of collaboration, but also it highlights the importance of other bodies of UNESCO such as the National Commissions and Permanent Delegations in policy-making
Hurtado, Galvan Laura. "Information, développement et démocratie en Amérique latine : le travail de documentation, d'information et de communication des organisations non gouvernementales de développement". Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0092.
Texto completoThe object of this research is to define and analyse the social dimension and the learning process of the units of information related to the establishment of a new type of institution within latin american civil societies : the no govrnmental development organisations. These institutions are non profit private centers supported by international cooperation. They employ paid workers and carry out development programs at the grassroot level and social research. The first section heritages and ruptures shows how the new services provided by the units of information try and answer urgently needs for democratisation and developing societies. In the second section descending and ascending information, two recent projects are scrutinized. The first one was initiated by the state (the national systems for scientific and technic information). The second one was worked out by civil society (the ngo's documentation centers). The stakes are different. The size and the public are not the same. Yet their technical concerns are alike : they aim at supplying the developmental actors with immediate, precise and flexible information, and at making up for the shortcoming of traditional libraries. The last section information, development and democratic space scrutinized local, national and regional projects carried on by chilean, bresilian and peruvian ngo
Velut, Sébastien. "Mondialisation et développement territorial en Amérique latine. Argentine-Chili". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203388.
Texto completoLe premier chapitre est consacré à la façon dont a évolué la relation entre développement et territoires.
Le second chapitre situe l'Amérique latine dans la mondialisation contemporaine.
Le troisième chapitre est plus spécifiquement consacré à l'Argentine et au Chili et discute le "modèle chilien" et sa réplication.
Enfin le qutrième chapitre aborde la question de l'intégration continentale.
Wiefels, Roland. "Le développement des pôles industriels halieutiques en Amérique latine : approche générale et étude de cas". Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030015.
Texto completoThe latin American fishery sector has growed continuously during the last fifty years. This growth is based on the development of big industrial fishery poles around the continent : 35 of these poles are responsible for 60% of total latin american fishery production. We note however a lack of balance in this production and, of the 35 identified poles, the 14 located in the southern pacific zone represent 82% of the production of the big fishing ports of the region. The fishery sector is detailed in the cases of eight countries: Argentina, Chile, Peru, Mexico. Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay and Bolivia. The study of the development of the fishery sector in these countries leads to the identification of the similarities that characterize a regional unity. If on one hand the coastal stocks are exploited to their very limit regarding their biological potential, on the other hand new horizons are being opened: the development of high-sea fisheries, particularly in Antarctic waters, and aquaculture. The development of fresh water aquaculture allows the creation of new fishery poles independently of the seaside, enabling their development even in landlocked countries like Bolivia. The growth of production is encouraged by the strong development of the regional markets, particularly in the big cities of the continent, and by the sustained demand of international markets. The market impulsion favors the development of the processing and the distribution activities of the fishery sector. The growth of the high-sea and of the aquaculture production as well as the development of the regional market represent the main issues of the sector at the beginning of the 21st century
Pierre, Matari. "Accumulation du capital, développement du capital financier et endettement extérieur en Amérique Latine : Théorie et histoire (1860-1930 et 1989-2002)". Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131001.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the relationship between the processes of capital accumulation and external debt in Latin America during two periods (before the crisis of 1929 and after the crisis of 1982). In the first section, the thesis analyzes the role of financial capital in the accumulation process in order to draw attention to the mechanisms and the meaning of the different debt relations. Starting from a definition of financial capital as a sphere which monopolizes the organization of all monetary transactions, we analyze the development of the credit system and the international loan system. Theses procedures are examined from the perspective of the needs in each phase of the reproduction process as well as the State’s needs for financing. The first part concludes with the analysis of the factors on credit market and financial capital’s relative autonomy related to production and trade. In the second section we will consider the specific forms of relationship between capital accumulation and external debt in Latin America between 1860 and 1930 and between 1989 and 2002. Starting from the development of wage labor and from State function in those economies, we study the role of various forms of external credit in these processes of accumulation as well as their role in the definition of monetary policy, granting a special emphasis in the last chapter to Argentina’s currency board between 1991 and 2002
Adda, Jacques. "Logiques de crises et nature des obstacles à une sortie de crise dans les économies en développement surendettée". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010030.
Texto completoTen studies on the following issues: - The role of internal and external factors in the crisis of latin american economies in the early eighties. - The causes of the failure of orthodox and heterodox stabilization program in Latin America during the eighties. - The nature of the obstacles to the crisis in those economies - The managing of the debt crisis in the eighties - Economic relation between France and developing countries
Paillacar, Reeve Rodrigo. "Économies d'agglomération dans les pays en développement". Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450673.
Texto completoMayagoitia, Fragoso Gabriel. "L'Énergie nucléaire en Amérique latine : aspects juridiques". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010274.
Texto completoThe scope of this research is the analysis of the nuclear energy law in Latin America. We have developped the next subjects : a) The development of the nuclear energy in the world; b) The nuclear international organizations and the nuclear Latin American organizations; c) The radiological protection law: international and Latin American aspects; d) Ahe nuclear civil liability maw: international and Latin American aspects
Gignoux, Jérémie. "Analyse empirique de politiques d'éducation dans les pays en développement". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat12424o.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with the empirical analysis of conditional cash transfer programs, applied in Latin American countries since the mid of 1990. We analyse the effects of these policies on levels of education and economic inequalities. The first part of the thesis studies the impacts of these programs on educational outcomes. We use data from a social experiment realised for the evaluation of the Mexican program Progresa. We analyse the impacts of the program on the schooling and labour of children from beneficiary households and the externalities effects of the program on children whose families did not benefit the program. We then study methods for the prevision of effects of those programs using microeconomic models of household educational behaviours. The second part deals with the activities and economic behaviour of the youth in Rio de Janeiro favelas. Using data from a household survey we realised with Brazilian partners, we analyse social interactions effects on the activities, as well as the use made of their economic resources (participation to family incomes and personal expanses), of the youth living in the same neighbourhoods. The third part of the thesis studies long term effects of educational expansion on earnings inequalities in Brazil between 1976 and 1996. Using for waves of the nationally representative household survey Pnad, we analyse the evolution of global inequalities and of inequality of opportunities for men from 40 to 49 years old. We design and implement semi-parametric decompositions of the respective effects of (i) schooling expansion (ii) changes in the structure of earnings, and (iii) changes in intergenerational educational mobility
Tartanac, Florence. "L'agro-industrie rurale en Amérique latine : dynamiques de changement et développement local". Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100010.
Texto completoThe present work aims to determine if rural agro-industry induced by development project may be a solution to improve the situation in the rural population in latin america. It is answered through the study of eight projects in four countries : guatemala, costa rica, colombia and ecuador. The method includes five analyses : historic approach, financial analysis, study of the networks involved in the project, economical study based on the assessement of local effects and social analysis of the project. The results confirm that the rural agro-industry is able to take part in the cosio-economic development of rural population in latin america, but subjected to three conditions : a global answer including human, cultural, economical and social aspects has to be provided by technical institutions to fulfill the demands of peasant organizations ; the rural agro-industry has to acquire its economical autonomy behaving as a profitable and market-adapted small firm and relying on network facilities ; the social aspect has to be considered as an essential factor to reach the project durability, including the participation of the communities
Martinez-Garcia, Eduardo. "Stratégies et mécanismes d'institutionnalisation de la science et de la technologie en Amérique latine". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030063.
Texto completoThe research examines the strategies, mechanisms and policy instruments; scientific and technological research; innovation and technological development; and science and technology investment projects, that have contributed to the recent institutionalisation of science and technology activities in latin america. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the major economic and social policy changes in latin america in the 1980-96 period. The research supports the starting hypothesis, according to which there has been a 'paradigm shift' concerning the strategies and mechanisms for the institutionalisation of science and technology in latin america: a. Changes and trends concerning strategies and policies: 1. From policies for partial autonomy to policies for modernisation, from 'science and technology policy'to 'innovation police 2. From promotion of r&d to r&d oriented towards market demand 3. From traditional r&d management towards r&d management, performance evaluation and links with productive units 4. From state's role promoting and undertaking r&d to the articulation of a national system of innovation 5. From the lack of evaluation and of quality control in r&d and higher education to academic evaluation and accreditation processes b. Institutional and legal changes and trends: 6. From a 'government institutionalisation' process to the downsizing of the state 7. From formal institutional orientation and regulation to institutional 'laisser-faire' 8. From national budgetary restrictions to resources from international financial and technical co, operation 0. Changes and trends concerning globalisation and regional integration: 9. From closed economies to open-economies: globalisation and localisation of r&d activities and technological innovation processes 10. From nation-economy to region-economy, subregional integration processes. In general terms, the results of the research support the hypothesis that there has been a paradigm shift concerning the strategies and mechanisms for the institutionalisation of science and technology in latin america. 2
Martins, Paulo Henrique Nouaes. "Prophétisme économique et mythe du développement en Amérique latine : le cas du Brésil". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010564.
Texto completoThe thesis is, at first, a study about the crisis of occidental modernity in latin America, mostly in Brasil. It is an analysis on the role of intelligentsia in applying an a-critical model of modernity and on the link between intellectuel productions and a political system of a patrimonialistic kind. This part is completed by an analysis on "development as a myth" and the implications of this idea on the bureaucratic- autoritaire project of the state. The second part is an essay about what kind of theoretical adjustments can be made to improve a new sense of modernization which implies taking account of the cultural and political reality (will for a new concept and practice of democracy)
Cordova, Novion Cesar. "La pensée latino-américaine sur l'environnement et le développement durant la décennie des années 1970". Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0017.
Texto completoAfter studying the main events and intellectual influences in the introduction, adaptation and evolution of environmental ideas in latin-america, the author describes the general perception about the causes of the ecological crisis and the main solutions that have been proposed during the 70's. In particular, he underlines that for the majority of the researchers the economic system derived from capitalism is considered to be the main cause of the environmental problems and that solution should be a complete and "holistic" structural revolution or as a "second best" a managed change directed by the state through eco-planning, scientific and technological activities, and subsidiary through environmental education and law
Mbimi, de Ngamouyi Jean Tarcisius. "Industrialisation et développement : analyse comparative des différences de trajectoires entre les dragons d'Asie et les autres régions en développement". Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE0503.
Texto completoCamacho, Camacho Marisol. "L'Union européenne et la coopération au développement en Amérique latine : le cas du Mexique". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010276.
Texto completoFonseca, Susana. "Le régime juridique de l'investissement direct étranger en Amérique latine". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010295.
Texto completoThe conjuration of international law capable of promoting a new international order is generally presented as a capital event of the evolution of contemporary international law. This approach questioned legally acquired situations by foreign companies and leaded to waves of nationalisations in the 60s and the 70s in latin america. The contentious that resulted from these nationalisations did not contributed as attended to restructure international investment law, promoting domestic law and national jurisdiction to regulate foreign investment. The debt crisis obliged latinamerican countries to sign bilateral treaties of promotion; protection and quarantee of investments, suscribing to principles and rules that lead to presume their renunciation of the new order and their subjection to classique international law. Finally, and this is the main point, we observe an increasing participation of these countries to the reconstruction of an universal international investment law
Menou, Michel J. "La gestion de l'information documentaire dans les pays en voie de développement : Afrique et Amérique latine". Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30005.
Texto completoThis work is an attempt at a critical assessment of the past 25 years efforts toward the establishment of information systems in developing countries and at articulating a systematic review of the critical issues involved. It relies upon a selection of the author's publications, based on the observations and analyses made in the course of his consulting activities in the same period, mostly in africa and latin america. The main topics considered are: the suitability of the concept of the "information society" for the developing countries are discussed and the cultural factors imbeded in the information cycle; the various "social measures" of information are described as well as the index of information utilization potential (iup); the defects of the information policies and requirements for their successful implementation; the major features of the national information infrastructures in the developing countries; the modalities for the implementation of programmes in support of the development of information activities; the inefficiency of isolated endeavours and the requirements for building effective networks; the need for establishing information management within organizations and most suitable approaches to that end; the advantages of modern information technologies and the specification which appropriate tools shoud meet; the constraints which limit the role of developing countries in international information exchanges and the avenues for a more active participation; the radical changes which education and training for information work should undergo; the limitations of research on information and development and the series of major research topics on which it should concentrate
Vasquez-Faucheux, Hilmer. "Les contributions de la pratique de l'arbitrage d'investissement en Amérique latine au développement de l'arbitrage international". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090062.
Texto completoSince 2001, Latin American Countries have actively participated in investment arbitrations administered by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Because of that the way to arbitrate in this Centre base itself on a great number of Latin American affairs which helped to delimit the procedures and endorse some practices linked to the very founding principles of arbitration.The procedure of arbitration has been improved by Latin American affairs, by example with the help of the Amicus Curiae, which is the participation of a third party to the arbitral process. This innovation shows how much these questions of public interest are important for the populations concerned.The multiple juridical standards inserted in the investment agreements have often been brought forward by the investors in order to see the responsibility of some countries engaged in an international way. Arbitrators have been able to emphasize on the inaccuracy of some of these standards, such as the the fair and equitable treatment.Different ways to measure the elements of an affair have been brought to light by the tribunals. Two of them are present in the case of Latin American affairs: the compliance with the juridical framework stability and the protection of the investor's legitimate expectations.Latin American countries did take action differently in front of the arbitrations brought to the ICSID which was criticized for its lack of legitimacy and for its decisions in a great number of cases against these countries. Some countries renounced the international treaties giving the ICSID its arbitration rights and created a new arbitration center on the continent capable of giving a ruling in the matter of investment affairs. In spite of this the arbitral decisions and the arbitral awards in the Latin American context should be able to be inspirations for the future of arbitration
Noiseux, Andrée. "La classe moyenne dans l'idéologie du développement". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20508.
Texto completoHillcoat, Guillermo. "La crise des modeles de developpement en amerique latine. De la substitution d'importations a l'economie tournee vers l'exterieur : une discussion theorique illustree par l'experience argentine". Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080088.
Texto completoThe purpose of our thesis is to discuss a specific set of problems : the problems that arise from applying a pattern of intensive accumulation to an industrially-based developping economy. This specific discussion is set within the framework of more wide-ranging considerations bearing on the models of development and accumulation applied in latin america. We use the model concept here in its modal sense : conjunction of an accumulation system and institutional forms of regulation. These concepts are defined and discussed in the first part of our thesis. Long range transformations of accumulation systems and regulation procedures are studied in the context of argentinian growth (19301980). We look at the major features of the accumulation pattern : the different elements of intensive growth patterns as affected by external constraints (leading sectors, accumulation of capital and employment, fluctuations and cycle. . . ) dovetailing with the world economy, the macro-economic equilibrium within this regime of industrial accumulation. In the third part we present a discussion of the main characteristics of wages regulation and the consumption norm. This exercise in applied economics will have served, we hope, to buttress certain theories while confuting certain over-simple views held on the specificity of reproduction of capital and of work-force in a semi-industrialized economy
Ema-Otu, Ilda Nancy. "A la recherche des fondements macro-économiques de l'efficacité micro-économique : analyse comparée d'économies en développement, Afrique, Amérique Latine, Asie émergente". Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/ndzengue-ema-otu_in_notice.
Texto completoHow can the financing of developing economies be re-evaluated? Is it real financial development or monetary integration that will challenge the developing world in the XXIst century ? Before achieving triumphant reality at the end of the XXth century, the market and currency – the fruit of auto-organization – are two secular institutions. They were invented by the business community to settle the debt extinction-creation process, in order to establish the utopia of tomorrow – economic development. Although their success pacified relations between communities and trading nations, it did not, however, guarantee fairness, peace and solidarity between economies. In fact, globalization continues to oppress the less virtuous. Paradoxically, Africa is the only continent that has not truly benefited from the advantages of globalization; the only on who is still firmly captive of its suicidal characteristics, and the only one who is behind in the process of financial integration. All the real or alleged ills that thwart risky business ventures are thus attributed to financial systems; for instance, a lack of capital to finance the creation of a business, insufficient funds, entrepreneurs stifling due to heavy overheads, and financial burdens on external and internal development operations. Consumers and entrepreneurs affected by financial repression will long continue to dispute the institutional financial system. This adds to the breeding ground of complementary financial systems, such as micro-finance. While banks do indeed neglect small business, they have not, however, managed to determine the uncertainty of risky business ventures. They do not have sufficient guarantees or an adequate legal and judicial system. As regards underdeveloped financial systems, monetary authorities should consider their own responsibilities in the persistence of this phenomenon. Indeed, it is the politicians that hamper the acceleration of financial reform, for they have not created a favorable environment to encourage investment. They are the ones responsible for the deficient financial integration in African economies. However, authorities have demonstrated their determination to steer African economies toward successful financial liberalization. How many years of efforts and how much sacrifice this will take remains to be seen. Twenty years following the introduction of the initial structural adjustment programs, poor effects may prompt states to take a break. They could conclude that their efforts are in vain and are only good for reimbursing the debt. What is the point then? Such economies are not very competitive. They attract an insignificant share of direct foreign investment. Investors fear their marginalization and reproach them for ineffective reforms. The question here is not excessive or insufficient reform, but effective reform. It involves seeking the true macro-economic foundations to micro-economic effectiveness in a highly socialised area marked by permanence and restrictions. It will also involve creating the necessary financial development condition and the emergence of a financial macro-economy; initiating structural reform in the framework of endogenous growth; making these economies competitive, thus improving the quality of life and working conditions for thousands of individuals through monetary and financial integration; and considering the obvious need for constructing Africa
Colliac, Stéphane. "Les conditions préalables à la dollarisation totale : application à l'Amérique latine". Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40031.
Texto completoLe, Goueff-Duong Meï-Line. "Le droit du développement durable comme facteur de développement différencié des états : de la théorie aux pratiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT3001.
Texto completoDans un contexte de querelles, de tensions et d’affrontements politiques, économiques et environnementaux entre lespays Nord-Sud, le droit du développement durable apparait comme un instrument potentiel de résolution des conflitsNord-Sud et de conciliation du développement économique avec l’environnement. Ce nouveau droit a également unimpact sur la justice environnementale et sociale dans la mesure où il favorise une double synergie entre la protection del’environnement, le développement économique et l’action des Etats. Les fonctions d’intégration et de conciliation dudroit du développement durable ont conduit à la reconnaissance universelle et l’affirmation au niveau international,régional et national, particulièrement au sein des institutions internationales et du corpus juridique à caractèreéconomique et social (droits de l’Homme) du développement durable. Il a également fait l’objet de nombreusesdispositions conventionnelles, constitutionnelles et législatives. Cette reconnaissance du droit du développementdurable bouleverse le modèle « classique » du système juridique cohérent, rationnel, autonome et hiérarchisé.Cependant, l’émergence du droit du développement suscite des inquiétudes, des interrogations et des controversesinhérentes à sa portée juridique, sa gouvernance trop sophistiquée et aux limites structurelles du fait de l’affluenceconstante de normes et d’institutions toujours plus complexes. De plus, face aux pratiques différenciées des Etats, ilconvient de se demander s’il existe une réelle volonté commune de créer un « nouveau paradigme ». Par ailleurs,l’affirmation du droit du développement durable sur le plan international, régional et national nécessite la mise en placede stratégies de mise en oeuvre effective et efficace du droit développement durable et la participation accrue desdifférents acteurs publics et privés, des ONG, des collectivités territoriales et des organisations internationales dans laproduction et l’application dudit droit. Enfin, il convient de chercher les garanties et de nouvelles mesures de sanctionsafin d’assurer la conformité et le respect avec les normes inhérentes au développement durable, et d’éviter la crise delégitimité du développement durable et une rupture éventuelle des relations internationales
Franco, Cavalcante Jacqueline. "La mondialisation financière et ses effets sur le développement économique au Brésil et au Chili : Une analyse sous l'optique du marché du travail : les années quatre-vingt-dix". Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131019.
Texto completoTshimanga, Kabutakapua Philippe. "Politique monétaire de ciblage d'inflation : une analyse comparative parmi les marchés émergents de l'Amérique latine". Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131016.
Texto completoThis thesis analyzes the fundamental theory of the monetary policy of inflation targeting and its adoption by the emergent countries of the Latin America and, particularly by Brazil. The transmission system of the monetary policy under this policy privileges the practice of high interest rates which are counterproductive and stimulates the economy of the shareholders. Under the inspiration of the Post Keynesian theory, interest rates are regarded as a distributive variable and must be maintained on bottom grades not to support the economy of the shareholders but for to encourage the production and for consequence the economic growth. After several years of the adoption of this monetary policy by Brazil, the growth is maintained poor on average and the international insertion of the country directed more and more towards the industry of weak and average technology in comparison with other emergent countries. In spite of the improvement of the indicators and fundamental macroeconomic in Brazil, the practice of high real interest rates always remains to “rendez-vous”. The empirical results obtained in this thesis show that the fundamental ones are not determining differential of interest rates of Brazil compared to the international rates
Paillacar, Rodrigo. "Les économies d'agglomérations dans les pays en développement". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450673.
Texto completoBaduel, Bénédicte. "Essais sur l'Accumulation de Réserves de Change et le Triangle des Incompatibilités dans les Economies Emergentes". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030073.
Texto completoForeign exchange reserves have witnessed important evolutions during the last two decades. They reached all time highs, mostly on account of the acceleration of reserve accumulation in emerging economies. These evolutions have challenged traditional frameworks explaining reserve accumulation' determinants. The two main frameworks (precautionary and mercantilist motivations) face a number of limitations to explain the sharp increase in emerging economies' reserves in the recent period. This dissertation presents three original studies including a detailed analysisof macroeconomic policies conducted by five Latin American economies. It links the accumulation of reserves in the recent period to the increase of global liquidity and to the macroeconomic policy constraints emerging economies face. It shows that reserves do not depend only on pull factors such as the level of fundamentals (accumulation for precautionary purposes) or the level of the exchange-rate (accumulation for mercantilist purposes) but also on push factors, in particular the level of global liquidity. The accumulation of reserves appears as a policy instrumentused by emerging economies to mitigate the constraints associated with the impossible trinity. This dissertation shows that reserves can be efficient in mitigating transitory constraints but suggests that they cannot alter structural evolutions. In this context, the choices in terms of the policy mix appear key to deal with the trilemma
Davalos, Aguilar Pablo. "La "révolution silencieuse" de la Banque Mondiale et du FMI, et le « Buen Vivir » : essais critiques sur le développement". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE009/document.
Texto completoThe crisis of the Latin American external debt of the eighties meant the change of the model of industrialization by substitution of imports towards a model of sustained development in the liberalization of the economy. The transition was triggered by IMF macroeconomic adjustment and stabilization policies. These measures were continued, consolidated and deepened by the World Bank and International Development Cooperation, through structural reforms that brought about changes in the State and society. This generated social unrest that was expressed in mobilizations, claims and rejections in almost all countries in the region. These social mobilizations against neoliberal structural adjustment and reform gave rise to new political discourses. One of them is the Good Living (Buen Vivir), that was incorporated into the Political Constitution of Ecuador and Bolivia in 2008. Buen Vivir collects the demands for a model of friendly, supportive development, friendly to nature and in which the fundamental rights of human beings, including the right to radical difference, are respected. The discourse of Good Living reflects the criticisms of development made by post-development and decline, and integrates them into a new dimension, which refers to otherness in the economy
Diaz, Pedregal Virginie. "Le commerce équitable ou la juste répartition : critique du système de production et de distribution équitable à travers l'exemple des organisations des producteurs de café en Equateur, Pérou et Bolivie". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H006.
Texto completoThis work deals with the different ways by which goods and wealth are distributed in fair trade. We intend to show how fair trade, and a priori equitable and generous idea, can provoke injustice and question the very notion of justice. The first part of our work deals with the Northern countries' ideological construction of the principles of justice in fair trade. We present the history of the movement and show the various tendencies of fair trade in France. In the second part we analyze practices of exchange and the effects of "fair division" in coffee organizations using fair trade in the Andean context. We study the way beneficiaries perceive fair trade, and its importance within the communities. Finally, the third part presents some philosophical theories regarding domestic and international justice. It exposes our thesis about the reasons underlying dissensions between groups practicing fair trade. Our standpoint is that its actors refer to divergent justice principles arising from dissimilar and hardly compatible social ideals
Coignet, Patricia Claire Marie. "La gestion de politiques publiques par les organisations internationales envers les peuples indigènes : étude du projet PRODEPINE de la Banque mondiale en Equateur (1998-2002)". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30017.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to underline the respective roles of international, national and local actors in the elaboration and execution of a development project considered like a public policy. Indeed we have chosen to study a particular public policy: the PRODEPINE development project financed by the World Bank. With the view to understand the public action, we will identify the actors which are of a very heteregenous nature : the indigenous organizations, the Ecuadorian State and the World Bank. We will analyze a series of actions and public programs of this project as well as the conditions of success and failure of the different segments : the indigenous population's struggle against poverty, the creation of an indigenous elite and also the reinforcement of their social organizations with the aim of improving their insertion in the Ecuadorian society
Vanroose, Annabel. "The Uneven development of the microfinance sector". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209955.
Texto completoThe dissertation consists of three main parts. The first part, which consists of two papers, combines different datasets on the outreach of MFIs to assess in which countries MFIs have developed most. The papers indicate that the microfinance sector is more present in the richer countries of the developing world. It also reaches more clients in countries that receive more international aid. Population density also plays a stimulating role, which partially explains why the sector is still underdeveloped in rural areas.
The second part of the dissertation, which exists of one paper, explores in more depth the relationship between traditional financial sector development and microfinance institutions. The paper, co-authored with Bert D’Espallier, shows that MFIs reach more clients and are more profitable in countries where access to the traditional financial system is low. This is in line with the market-failure hypothesis. Along the same line, we find that MFIs serve poorer people in countries with well-developed financial systems. This observation is an important element to take into account in the debate on mission drift of the sector, where it is feared that MFIs drift away from serving the poor. The paper shows that MFIs in countries with well-developed banking sectors have less space to move up market and consequently to drift from the sector’s general mission.
The third and final part of the dissertation is a quantitative study on the spread and expansion process of MFIs in one Latin American country, Peru. The roles that district characteristics play in the decision to open an MFI branch are scrutinized. The paper finds that MFIs mainly increase financial access in districts with higher levels of development. Districts where banks are already present also have a higher probability that MFIs will open a branch there. This demonstrates that the two kinds of institutions co-exist in several districts, but most probably serve another clientele. Overall, although strategies differ between different types of Peruvian MFIs, the paper finds that they do not seem to be driven by a pure developmental logic that would push them towards the poorest or totally unbanked regions of the country.
On the whole, the main conclusions of the dissertation can be summarized as follows. First, the dissertation demonstrates that the outreach of the microfinance sector is influenced by a number of macro factors. Consequently, country-specific and macro-economic factors should be taken into account when evaluating MFI performance. Second, the dissertation shows that MFIs substitute the traditional banking sector. MFIs thus fulfill an important part of their mission, i.e. they have helped to increase financial access in the developing world. However, the study also suggests that MFIs still fail to serve a significant number of poor people. This leads to a third important observation, namely that MFIs may in fact not strive to serve the poor as such. Rather, it seems that they are currently focusing on the un-served market in general. The observation indicates that there is a need for a more thorough investigation on the issue of whom the unbanked in the developing countries are and whom MFIs actually strive to serve. Finally, since the outreach and performance of MFIs is dependent on the presence of a stimulating macro-environment, it remains a challenge to serve the financially excluded in the more remote areas of the developing countries and the people in the poorest ones.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Delpiano, Valérie. "Le processus juridique d'évaluation et d'examen en matière environnementale en Amérique du Nord et dans l'Union Européenne". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0060.
Texto completoBrun, Elodie. "Le changement international par les relations Sud-Sud : les liens du Brésil, du Chili et du Venezuela avec les pays en développement d'Afrique, d'Asie et du Moyen-Orient". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0017.
Texto completoThis works presents an analysis of South-South relations and their meaning for the international system, from the three cases of Brazil, Chile and Venezuela, since the late 1990s. It focuses on the consequences of the intensification of the links between non-dominant states at the global level. We affirm that in a context of interdependence all state actors are able to contribute to international change, which cannot be reduced to the actions of the most powerful states. We argue that the change occurring is incremental, not continuous, reforming but at the same time with a far-reaching influence. This includes a decentralization of interstate relations and a transformation of the functioning of the global system. Emile Durkheim’s concept of « dynamic density », and its two dimensions, namely material and moral, helps us to understand this process more appropriately than traditional studies about international relations. Based on this notion, we demonstrate that evolutions inferred by South-South links reinforce the complexity of interstate interdependence. Nevertheless, the rapprochement is material and strategic but not really moral so far, because of a lack of social participation. Studying these initiatives and the international integration of developing countries represents an opportunity to improve the study of international relations, through new cases and new interpretations about global affairs
Weil, Jorge. "Les stratégies de développement à dominante populaire face à la domination des Etats-Unis en Amerique. Les cas de Cuba et du Nicaragua". Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080801.
Texto completoThis thesis attempts to explore development differently than is done traditionally. On the one hand, by criticising the usual reading supports, analytical tables, and the conceptual categories used in the interpretation of reality. On the other, by using the developmental experiences in cuba and nicaragua to put into the forefront a certain number of objectives, priorities, and the articulations between economic, political, social and cultural orders. The nature of the new political regimes stemming from the experiments of both these countries was never accepted by imperialism. The united states sees these new regimes as a threat to their existence and to their national security to the extent that cuba and nicaragua are situated within the interior of the zone which belongs to the system of defence of the u. S. A. . In cuba and nicaragua, the transition from capitalist underdevelopment to people development has encountered internal and external constraints in economic and political areas. In the process of changing economic structures, the strategy underlying people oriented development has had to bend to the conditions imposed by the logic and the positions that prevail in the international division of labour, in the world economy, in the unequal exchange of products, and in technological and financial dependency. People oriented development is based on large numbers, on the sectors and social levels of masses in order to make possible the internal transformations necessary in restructuring the orientations of an economy turned towards the satisfaction of the basic needs of the population. People oriented development has been a movement of conquest in the kind of mass auto determination capable of. . .
Ehrhart, Christophe. "Répartition des revenus et des richesses et développement économique : Analyse théorique et études empiriques : le cas de l'Amérique latine et de l'Asie de l'Est". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0035.
Texto completoThe aim of this research is to show that, at the time of the choice of the strategy for reducing poverty, the policymakers are brought to determine the relative importance which they assign to the accumulation of new assets compared to the redistribution of existing assets. Thus, three main questions guide our analysis of the relationship between inequality, growth and development:in countries with low levels of development, does economic growth result in a more unequal distribution of income, and is it necessary for per capita income to reach a certain minimum level before income inequality begins to decrease? Do countries with unequal distribution of income and wealth experience slower economic growth than more egalitarian countries? Should governments envisage adopting redistributive policies to improve the lot of the poor?
Monloubou, Jean-Marie. "Les relations Sud-Sud à l'épreuve : le Brésil et l'Afrique dans le contexte des échanges économiques afro-latino-américains". Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D019.
Texto completoEconomic relations between africa and latin america are as yet of secondary importance. Brazil, however, has gained prominence as an economic partner over the last twenty years. This development cannot be explained simply in economic terms: it corresponds to a cultural reality and to a political choice as well. An analysis of this phenomenon leads to consideration of "nic-ldc" and "south-south" relations in general. Economic exchange between africa and brazil appears to be lacking in specificity. It tends on the whole to resemble the relation between other industrials countries and the ldc's. An analysis of comparative advantages does not suggest that brazilian companies have a particular gift for "adapting technology" to the "local context" of africa. But if brazil's membership in the "south" has been contested by some authors, on account of the role of foreign capital in brazilian firms, the southern orientation does seem to be confirmed by the role of state and the public sector. But the conditions under which transactions occur have not given rise to a new international trade ethic, in conformity with the guiddines of the n. I. E. C. Brazil and a number of african countries are traditional rivals on the commodities market. The history of trade in coffee and cocoa over the last 25 years is studied in order to determine whether competitive strategies have changed. In spite of a few noteworthy but limited achievements, it would be difficult to argue that the new relations have taken hold. The originality of brazil's penetration into africa has resulted more from the dynamism of its businesses, the assistance of the governments, and a certain socio-cultural skills, than from a well defined "difference" of approach. Economic relations between brazil and africa are certainly favorable to the countries concerned in that they have diversified economic exchange and increased economic competition
Alonso, Matilde. "COOPERATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT. L'EXPERIENCE BOLIVIENNE DES VALLEES INTER-ANDINES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119317.
Texto completoEl, Yattioui Mohamed Badine. "Les enjeux géostratégiques des programmes publics de Washington à destination de l'Amérique Latine, de George Bush père à George Bush fils (1988-2008)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30059.
Texto completoThe relations between the United States and Latin America between 1988 and 2008 had known a lot of upheavals. The different reasons which were at the origin of that were approached in this dissertation. After having studied the theorical stakes concerning their relations we asked ourself if foreign policy was a classic public policy. Then, we studied development aid’s specificities and a theory promoted by George W. Bush which is the « transformational diplomacy ». In a second part, we studied diplomatical upheavals appeared in some countries of the region, consequence of the election of left wing governments. Pages dedicated to the three programs worked out by Washington during the 2000’s (MCA, both Colombian plans and Merida Initiative) showed the originality but also their application and their reserved results so much from the point of view of the efficiency and the consolidation of the diplomatical relations with the countries of this region. At last, we described and analyzed the importance the energy challenges with Latin America for the United States and developed reasons which urge them to want to constitute the FTAA. This show The interweaving of the economic, diplomatic and security questions for the American decision-makers
Ango-Obiang, Nadège Noële. "Mondialisation et inégalités (salaires/revenus, emploi) dans les pays du Sud". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Ango.pdf.
Texto completoDel, Valle Davila Ignacio. "Le "Nouveau cinéma latino-américain" : un projet de développement cinématographique sous-continental". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782109.
Texto completoBianconi, Renata. "L'œuvre de Celso Furtado à Paris : le parcours d'un intellectuel et homme d'Etat". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040082/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the work of the Brazilian economist and historian Celso Furtado. It traces his career and presents the evolution of his thought and work during the time he taught at Paris (1965-1985). This study first presents Celso Furtado’s doctoral studies in France, when he received decisive influences for the subsequent evolution of his thinking on economic development. Next, it shows the author’s contribution at the formative years of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLAC-UN), school of thought that proposed an innovative approach to the problems of underdeveloped economies. His commitment to the Brazilian government (creator and director of the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast, and first Minister of Planning), in an international context marked by the polarization of the Cold War, is also analyzed. In exile since the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship, he moved to Paris, where he develops a long academic career. Finally, this thesis highlights the contribution of Celso Furtado to the study of economic development and Latin American economies in France, as well as the new ways of thinking about the problems of underdevelopment undertaken by the author during his exile in Paris
Bianconi, Renata. "L'œuvre de Celso Furtado à Paris : le parcours d'un intellectuel et homme d'Etat". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040082.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the work of the Brazilian economist and historian Celso Furtado. It traces his career and presents the evolution of his thought and work during the time he taught at Paris (1965-1985). This study first presents Celso Furtado’s doctoral studies in France, when he received decisive influences for the subsequent evolution of his thinking on economic development. Next, it shows the author’s contribution at the formative years of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLAC-UN), school of thought that proposed an innovative approach to the problems of underdeveloped economies. His commitment to the Brazilian government (creator and director of the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast, and first Minister of Planning), in an international context marked by the polarization of the Cold War, is also analyzed. In exile since the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship, he moved to Paris, where he develops a long academic career. Finally, this thesis highlights the contribution of Celso Furtado to the study of economic development and Latin American economies in France, as well as the new ways of thinking about the problems of underdevelopment undertaken by the author during his exile in Paris
Durand, Mathieu. "Gestion des déchets et inégalités environnementales et écologiques à Lima : entre durabilité et vulnérabilité". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564628.
Texto completoMoity, Maïzi Pascale. "De la connaissance des objets à la qualification des productions humaines. Contribution à une anthropologie des apprentissages et de la reconnaissance des savoirs". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067813.
Texto completoRobin, Rodolphe. "Génèse du projet d'association interrégionale Sui generis entre le Mercosud et l'Union Européenne : 1999 - 2011". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651469.
Texto completoCastro, Alexandra. "La gouvernance des migrations : de la gestion migratoire à la protection des migrants". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020010/document.
Texto completoMigrations are a transnational phenomenon that its management has traditionally called attention from the destination states exercising its sovereignty. With the arrival of globalization, the migration perspective has changed. Migrations have an increasingly more important place in the government’s agenda, which has understood that migration management needed the cooperation and the joint action at an international level. The governance of migration involves multiple challenges for the destination countries as well as the countries of origin and for the international community. On one hand, it presents the interest of controlling the arrival of migrants, with a strong influence of security conceptions; on the other hand other ideas have immerged that consider migration as tools for development. Those ideas aim to profit from the effects that are considered as benefits of migration and to stop the negative effects. Finally, we consider the existence of the circumstances that can put in danger migrant’s human rights and for which some measures should be taken. Reconciling the interests surrounding the management of migration is not a simple task. For finding ideal management framework for the governance of migration and the protection of migrant’s human rights, we will explore 5 hypotheses. We will analyze the global administration of migration; the regional administration (in the framework of Latin America); the protection of migrants as vulnerable people having universal rights, as well as the protection from the migrant’s state of origin (in the particular case of Colombia). The assets and the challenges of each one of those discussion environments will be analyzed as well as its contributions to migration’s governance and migrant’s protection
Chantal, Roromme. "«L’émergence des grandes puissances : pouvoir symbolique et nouveau rôle de la Chine dans le monde après la Guerre froide»". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18515.
Texto completoChina’s rise within the international system in the post-Cold War era challenges the hegemonic position of the United States and the Western liberal order. In trying to explain this challenge, scholars tend to either focus on Chinese hard power (in particular, its military power) or on its soft power (the attractiveness of its culture and ideology). This thesis develops an alternative Bourdieu-inspired framework addressing symbolic power. It conceptualizes international politics in terms of a symbolic struggle (such as that between orthodoxy and heterodoxy) whose outcome is determined by at least three crucial factors: context, capital and commonplaces. The framework is applied to the analysis of China’s new world role, which is arguably one of the most remarkable developments in modern international relations. The thesis shows that China does not challenge U.S. hegemonic position and the Western liberal order in the conventional sense of material power or ideology, but rather at the symbolic level. The thesis argues that the combination of the three above-mentioned factors has been necessary to China’s worldwide influence : (1) the legitimation crisis of the United States (economically, politically and ideologically), paired with the extraordinary rise of new illiberal powers on the world scene such as China, created a favourable historical context or “condition of possibility”; (2) the huge amount of symbolic capital accumulated by China, not only because of its new status as a great power, but also because of the success of its pragmatic approach to national and international issues, made it become a source of inspiration for countries across the world; (3) the strategic mobilization by China of its symbolic capital, in the form of ‘rhetorical’ commonplaces, greatly contributed to legitimize its power, especially in the eyes of ruling elites in the developing world, thereby dissimulating the asymmetric and arbitrary nature of the Chinese power and relations. Together, these three components -context, capital, and commonplaces- explain the emergence of China as a symbolic power, i.e. the perception that, unlike the United States, China now has the authority to speak the truth and to define causes of and remedies for certain problems and crises. China’s rise challenges the Unites States’ ‘meta-capital’, that is, its monopoly on the production of economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital. The focus on this symbolic dimension as a ‘weapon’ in the struggle to define and impose the “legitimate vision of the social world and its divisions” reveals a rupture in the conventional practice of great powers politics, pointing to a peaceful transformation of the international system and symbolic diplomacy. It shows that a focus on symbolic power opens promising avenues for the study of change and sources of authority in world politics, traditionally defined as “anarchic”.