Tesis: "Disastri naturali"

1

Gatti, Elena <1986&gt. "Effetti economici dei disastri naturali. Riflessioni sulla storia delle principali catastrofi naturali del Novecento Italiano". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1553.

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La penisola italiana è stata segnata da varie tipologie di disastri naturali. Il rischio sismico e il rischio vulcanico caratterizzano buona parte del territorio: “solo nell’ultimo secolo sono stati venti i terremoti disastrosi (ossia di intensità maggiore del IX grado della scala Mercalli), in media uno ogni quattro anni, ingenti danni economici e circa 120.000 le vittime” . Il dissesto idrogeologico, causa prima in particolare delle più dannose alluvioni, costituisce per il nostro Paese la classe di manifestazioni calamitose più ricorrente e concorre ad esporre almeno 5 milioni di italiani a grande pericolo. A questi rischi si affiancano gli incendi boschivi, che nell’ultimo secolo, in Italia, hanno causato danni per oltre 1.300.000 euro. Interessante è notare come da recenti studi emerga che solo l’1,5 per cento degli incendi ha origine naturale o accidentale. La nostra analisi partirà dalla storia di alcuni tra i più importanti disastri naturali che hanno interessato il territorio italiano.

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2

Au, Chiara <1996&gt. "L’impatto dei disastri naturali sul turismo: il caso del terremoto del Wenchuan nel 2008". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18203.

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Il clima di pace e di rapida crescita economica che ha conosciuto il mondo a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo ha permesso all’industria turistica di prosperare, contribuendo in maniera rilevante alla crescita economica nazionale. Tuttavia, il turismo dipende in misura rilevante dalle condizioni dell’ambiente esterno e la crescita economica, attraverso uno sfruttamento eccessivo delle risorse naturali, ha generato un aumento dei disastri naturali, rendendo le destinazioni insicure e minacciando la sopravvivenza del turismo stesso. La Cina, grazie alle sue enormi risorse turistiche di carattere naturale, culturale e storico, sta emergendo come una delle principali destinazioni turistiche mondiali. Tuttavia, trattandosi di uno dei paesi più grandi al mondo, il territorio nazionale presenta caratteristiche morfologiche e climatiche variegate che lo rendono altamente vulnerabile ad un’ampia gamma di disastri naturali. La provincia del Sichuan situata al suo interno riflette pienamente i vantaggi e le contraddizioni del modello di sviluppo economico e turistico nazionale. Il terremoto di magnitudo 8.0 avvenuto nella contea di Wenchuan il 12 maggio 2008 ha obbligato il Sichuan e la Cina a rivedere il loro modello di sviluppo economico. Il turismo è stato duramente colpito dal sisma, ma ha rappresentato anche una delle industrie su cui si è focalizzata la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo a lungo termine delle comunità colpite. Infatti, l’enorme domanda turistica nazionale e mondiale ha reso il turismo un’industria altamente resiliente ai disastri naturali, e grazie alla sua alta remuneratività e capacità di preservare le risorse naturali e culturali da cui trae i suoi profitti, è diventata un’industria non solo in grado di contribuire alla crescita economica regionale, ma anche di salvaguardare il patrimonio naturale e culturale, riducendo così la vulnerabilità ai disastri naturali.

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3

LAZZARONI, SARA. "Economia dei disastri naturali: evidenza macro e micro focalizzata sui paesi in via di sviluppo". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3956.

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Nell'ambito dell'economia dei disastri naturali ho elaborato uno studio macroeconomico e due microeconomici. A livello macro ho elaborato una meta-analisi della letteratura empirica sugli effetti dei disastri naturali in termini di costi diretti e indiretti. Ho analizzato gli effetti di caratteristiche del database,tecniche di stima, fattori di resilienza considerati e publication bias. Studi sui costi diretti che includono paesi Africani hanno 65% maggiore probabilità di riportare un risultato negativo e significativo mentre studi sui costi indiretti sembrano soffrire di publication bias. I lavori microeconometrici si focalizzano su due paesi africani. Nel primo analizzo gli effetti di un aumento della variabilità climatica sul consumo di beni alimentari delle famiglie in Uganda nel periodo 2005/06-2009/10. In media un incremento di 1% delle temperature porterebbe a una diminuzione del consumo di alimenti del 3-5% mentre le famiglie sarebbero in grado di contrastare variazioni delle precipitazioni con varie strategie. Nel secondo, con approccio multi-shock analizzo gli effetti di siccità e incremento dei prezzi di acquisto sullo stato nutrizionale di bambini in famiglie residenti in zone rurali del Senegal nel periodo 2009-2011. Singolarmente entrambi gli eventi sembrano avere effetti negativi sul livello nutrizionale. Tuttavia la concomitanza dei due eventi sembra non avere effetto sul peso dei bambini grazie a un positivo effetto reddito.
In this work I deal with the economics of natural disasters conducting one study at the macroeconomic level and two studies at the microeconomic level. In the first I conduct a meta-analysis of the macro literature on the direct and indirect costs of natural disasters. I investigate the effects of empirical design, estimation technique, resilience factors included and publication bias. I find that direct costs studies have 65% probability to report negative and significant results if they include African countries while indirect costs studies show publication bias. Second, I conduct a microeconometric analysis of the effects of weather variability on households food consumption in Uganda in the period 2005/06-2009/10. I show that on average 1% increase in maximum temperatures would reduce food consumption by 4-5% while precipitation amount and distribution would not affect household food consumption thanks to coping strategies. Finally I consider the effects of droughts and increasing purchasing prices on weight-for-age of children in rural households in Senegal using a multishock approach and a unique dataset (2009-2011). Results of drought(increase in prices) econometric analyis show deterioration in child weight-for-age. However, concomitance of drought and increasing prices would leave child weight-for-age unaffected thanks to positive income effects.

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4

LAZZARONI, SARA. "Economia dei disastri naturali: evidenza macro e micro focalizzata sui paesi in via di sviluppo". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3956.

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Nell'ambito dell'economia dei disastri naturali ho elaborato uno studio macroeconomico e due microeconomici. A livello macro ho elaborato una meta-analisi della letteratura empirica sugli effetti dei disastri naturali in termini di costi diretti e indiretti. Ho analizzato gli effetti di caratteristiche del database,tecniche di stima, fattori di resilienza considerati e publication bias. Studi sui costi diretti che includono paesi Africani hanno 65% maggiore probabilità di riportare un risultato negativo e significativo mentre studi sui costi indiretti sembrano soffrire di publication bias. I lavori microeconometrici si focalizzano su due paesi africani. Nel primo analizzo gli effetti di un aumento della variabilità climatica sul consumo di beni alimentari delle famiglie in Uganda nel periodo 2005/06-2009/10. In media un incremento di 1% delle temperature porterebbe a una diminuzione del consumo di alimenti del 3-5% mentre le famiglie sarebbero in grado di contrastare variazioni delle precipitazioni con varie strategie. Nel secondo, con approccio multi-shock analizzo gli effetti di siccità e incremento dei prezzi di acquisto sullo stato nutrizionale di bambini in famiglie residenti in zone rurali del Senegal nel periodo 2009-2011. Singolarmente entrambi gli eventi sembrano avere effetti negativi sul livello nutrizionale. Tuttavia la concomitanza dei due eventi sembra non avere effetto sul peso dei bambini grazie a un positivo effetto reddito.
In this work I deal with the economics of natural disasters conducting one study at the macroeconomic level and two studies at the microeconomic level. In the first I conduct a meta-analysis of the macro literature on the direct and indirect costs of natural disasters. I investigate the effects of empirical design, estimation technique, resilience factors included and publication bias. I find that direct costs studies have 65% probability to report negative and significant results if they include African countries while indirect costs studies show publication bias. Second, I conduct a microeconometric analysis of the effects of weather variability on households food consumption in Uganda in the period 2005/06-2009/10. I show that on average 1% increase in maximum temperatures would reduce food consumption by 4-5% while precipitation amount and distribution would not affect household food consumption thanks to coping strategies. Finally I consider the effects of droughts and increasing purchasing prices on weight-for-age of children in rural households in Senegal using a multishock approach and a unique dataset (2009-2011). Results of drought(increase in prices) econometric analyis show deterioration in child weight-for-age. However, concomitance of drought and increasing prices would leave child weight-for-age unaffected thanks to positive income effects.

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5

Bagalini, Ilaria. "Integrating resilience and sustainable development: prevention of the Cascadia aftermath in Portland". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13469/.

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Negli ultimi anni, un numero crescente di città sta enunciando piani e obiettivi per migliorare la resilienza urbana, intesa come la capacità del sistema di resistere e prosperare anche in caso di shock o gravi sollecitazioni. La tesi indaga il tema della resilienza al fine di creare un sistema di valutazione della stessa, proponendosi di integrare la resilienza con la sostenibilità La soglia per un livello adeguato è determinata dal tipo di disastri naturali che potrebbero verificarsi nell’area esaminata. L'oggetto di analisi è un edificio a destinazione mista, situato nella città di Portland (Oregon, Stati Uniti). Secondo la storia geologica dell’Oregon, Portland è particolarmente esposta al “Big One”, un terremoto di magnitudo 9/9.2 che creerebbe lo scenario più grave: sette giorni senza servizi di nessun tipo e remote possibilità di evacuazione. Si pone quindi l'obbiettivo di rendere autosufficiente l’edificio per una settimana. In tal caso gli indicatori della resilienza più pertinenti sono: l’apporto idrico e l’apporto energetico. Le analisi dello stato di fatto, rivelano che, attualmente l’edificio non supera lo “stress test”. Il periodo di autosufficienza si incrementa, tramite l’introduzione di volta in volta di strategie sostenibili. Lo studio si conclude quando l’apporto idrico ed energetico assicurano l'autonomia per sette giorni, soddisfacendo così lo “stress test”. Emerge pertanto che la resilienza ha bisogno di essere integrata con la sostenibilità, per creare un potenziale metodo progettuale che può effettivamente condurci verso i futuri sistemi sostenibili desiderati. Non è possibile prevedere il futuro, ma è concepibile quindi prepararsi adeguatamente a superare tali condizioni di sollecitazione, al fine di vivere con sicurezza nonostante queste avverse eventualità.

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6

Zannoni, Diego. "Il telerilevamento via satellite ai fini della gestione dei disastri naturali. La disciplina giuridica internazionale ed europea". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421740.

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The study aims to offer a clarification and a recognition of the general international and European regulation of remote sensing and, meanwhile, to point out the special regime applicable to remote sensing programs carried out for the prevention, mitigation and management of natural disasters, and to the sensed images relevant in the same field. This hermeneutic method guides the analysis, which aims to propose a fair balance between two opposite demands: on the one hand the promotion of the development of the remote sensing sector through private investment, and on the other hand the proper protection of the public interest in the field of disaster management lato sensu, with the corollary of the prevalence of the logic of solidarity with the one of profit. After introducing fundamental concepts such as remote sensing, natural disaster, outer space, taking into account the relevant regulation, the legal questions arising from the launch of the satellite to the diffusion and use of sensed images are identified and analysed in depth, using the general principles of international space law and international environmental law and examining the praxis shaped by space operators and humanitarian organizations. The research focuses on the unique international instrument specifically dedicated to remote sensing, the General Assembly Resolution 41/65 of 1986. Therefore its correspondence to general international law is scrutinized principle by principle. Next the research explores the international cooperation that has developed in the field of natural disaster management through remote sensing and in particular the system created by the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters on the global level and by the European Union on the regional level. Furthermore, concerning the rules applicable to the access of sensed data, the study analyses how the restrictions to access and diffusion foreseen by national space legislations, even the recently adopted ones, can be conciliated with the unconditioned duty of early warning and of the assistance that international law provides for natural disasters. The conclusion is in a sense that, whenever sensed data are relevant in the sector of natural disasters, all the imposed exceptions and restrictions fall down. Finally, with regard to the legal instruments of protection of remote sensing satellites and of sensed data, during the downlink phase and on fixed support, their gaps and the need of clarification are stressed. Even if it is necessary to guarantee an adequate degree of protection of intellectual property for sensed data, whatever their level of elaboration is, the study supports the thesis that protection should be ignored if data are relevant for natural disaster management, in order to increase their diffusion. In short in the study the access to data relevant for natural disaster management is treated as a public service (servizio pubblico, offentiche Aufgaben, service public) of the international community and as an essential element of a gradually evolving system founded in solidarity among all States participating in the remote sensing chain and on the principle of common benefit for which the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out according to art. I of the Outer Space Treaty.
Il presente lavoro mira ad offrire una chiarificazione e ricognizione della disciplina generale internazionale ed europea del remote sensing e nel contempo ad individuare il regime speciale applicabile ai programmi di remote sensing condotti per la prevenzione, la mitigazione e la gestione dei disastri naturali e alle immagini telerilevate rilevanti nello stesso ambito. Tale opera ermeneutica, che ne costituisce il filo conduttore ed unificante le varie parti, è animata dall’obiettivo di proporre un equo bilanciamento fra due esigenze contrapposte: quella di promuovere lo sviluppo del settore del remote sensing stimolando l’investimento privato e quella di tutelare adeguatamente l’interesse pubblico in materia di gestione, in senso lato, dei disastri naturali con il corollario della prevalenza, in tale ambito, della logica della solidarietà su quella del profitto. Dopo una parte introduttiva dedicata alla definizione, alla stregua della normativa rilevante, di alcuni concetti fondamentali come telerilevamento, disastro naturale, spazio extra-atmosferico, vengono enucleate e sviscerate le questioni giuridiche che il remote sensing pone durante tutto il suo svolgimento, dal lancio del satellite da telerilevamento fino al momento della diffusione e dell’utilizzo delle immagini telerilevate, facendo ampio appello ai principi generali di diritto internazionale spaziale e dell’ambiente ed esaminando la prassi che si sta sviluppando ad opera degli operatori spaziali e delle organizzazioni di carattere umanitario. In questa parte viene dedicata particolare attenzione all’unico strumento internazionale dedicato in modo specifico al remote sensing, la risoluzione dell’Assemblea Generale 41/65 del 1986, la cui corrispondenza al diritto internazionale generale viene pertanto vagliata principio per principio. L’indagine si concentra poi sulla cooperazione internazionale che si è sviluppata nel settore della gestione tramite remote sensing dei disastri naturali, prendendo in esame più da vicino il sistema messo a punto a livello globale dall’International Charter on Space and Major Disasters e, a livello regionale, dall’Unione Europea. E’apparso poi necessario analizzare la disciplina applicabile all’accesso ai dati telerilevati in particolare per verificare come le restrizioni all’accesso e alla diffusione previste da tutte le legislazioni spaziali nazionali, anche di recente adozione, interagiscono e possono essere conciliate con l’incondizionato obbligo di avviso (early warning) e di soccorso che il diritto internazionale pone in caso di disastri naturali concludendo nel senso che, quando i dati telerilevati sono rilevanti nel settore dei disastri naturali, cadono tutte le eccezioni e le restrizioni eventualmente imposte. Passando infine a considerare gli strumenti utilizzabili a protezione dei satelliti da telerilevamento e degli stessi dati telerilevati, nella fase di downlink o su supporto fisso, ne vengono messe in evidenza le lacune e viene sottolineata l’esigenza di chiarificazione che permea la materia. Ferma la necessità di garantire una adeguata protezione della proprietà intellettuale ai dati telerilevati, quale sia il loro livello di elaborazione, si ritene che tale protezione dovrebbe venir meno se i dati sono rilevanti nella gestione dei disastri naturali, a tutto vantaggio della loro più ampia condivisione. In sintesi nel presente lavoro l’accesso ai dati telerilevati rilevanti nella gestione dei disastri naturali viene configurato come un servizio pubblico (public service, offentiche Aufgaben, service public) della comunità internazionale e si pone come elemento essenziale di un sistema in corso di progressiva definizione fondato sulla solidarietà fra tutti gli Stati partecipanti alla catena della attività telerilevanti e sul principio del beneficio comune cui debbono essere finalizzate, ai sensi dell’art. I del Trattato sullo spazio, l’esplorazione e l’utilizzazione dello spazio extra-atmosferico.

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Bertin, Camilla <1996&gt. "I Disastri Naturali nella Destinazione: Analisi e Implementazione dei Modelli di Disaster Management in uno Studio Empirico Il Caso dei Terremoti del 2016-2017 nelle Località Turistiche dell'Umbria". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17748.

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A discapito della propria rilevanza economica, culturale e sociale, il turismo rappresenta un fenomeno particolarmente esposto e fragile rispetto alle questioni della sicurezza: gli shock esterni costituiscono un deterrente all'attrazione dei turisti e un ostacolo per lo sviluppo sostenibile della destinazione. In particolare, di fronte alla crescente intensità e frequenza con cui i disastri naturali colpiscono le destinazioni in tutto il mondo, esacerbati da processi quali l'urbanizzazione, i cambiamenti climatici e lo sviluppo economico, il crisis e disaster management emerge come un'assoluta necessità nel contesto della gestione turistica. La presente trattazione si propone quindi di indagare la natura complessa di tali fenomeni e di fornire un quadro dei modelli e delle strategie di prevenzione e mitigazione emersi in letteratura. Con l'obiettivo di verificare l'applicabilità dei frameworks presentati, si adotterà una prospettiva empirica rispetto al caso-studio dei terremoti avvenuti nel Centro Italia nel 2016-2017. Focalizzandosi sulla regione Umbria, si studieranno gli impatti del sisma e le misure adottate in tutte le fasi del disastro, osservando se, e in quale misura, queste abbiano interessato il settore turistico. Tramite un approccio comparativo sarà quindi possibile implementare i modelli teorici, da un lato, e testare la validità delle strategie effettivamente applicate, dall'altro, proponendo eventuali modifiche o misure di innovazione.

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8

Torcolacci, Laura. "Utilizzo di immagini satellitari radar per il monitoraggio di un evento alluvionale". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Negli ultimi anni è stato registrato un forte incremento del numero di catastrofi naturali: tra le varie tipologie, le inondazioni sono considerate il fenomeno più devastante e ricorrente, con il maggior numero di vittime. Per poter far fronte a questa calamità occorrono piani di gestione del rischio efficaci, che partano dal monitoraggio del territorio e da interventi con funzione di prevenzione fino alla fase di ricostruzione dopo l’evento stesso. In ognuna di queste fasi il Telerilevamento può ricoprire un ruolo di grande importanza. In questo contesto si inserisce il presente lavoro di tesi: a partire da immagini satellitari radar, acquisite dal satellite Sentinel-1 del programma spaziale europeo Copernicus, è stato mostrato come esse siano particolarmente efficaci nel riconoscimento di corpi d’acqua e, in particolare, nel monitoraggio di un evento alluvionale, in quanto non influenzate dalla presenza di copertura nuvolosa, tipica per questa calamità naturale. La sperimentazione è stata effettuata considerando come caso di studio l’alluvione avvenuta nella regione indiana Tamil Nadu tra Novembre e Dicembre 2015. Sono state generate mappe di allagamento a partire da quattro immagini di periodi temporali differenti, ottenendo risultati più che soddisfacenti in fase di validazione. I risultati ottenuti sono stati quindi incrociati con dati di land cover, al fine di ottenere statistiche sulle tipologie di copertura del suolo più colpite. I buoni risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come il dato radar possa essere impiegato in maniera efficace sia per la mappatura e il monitoraggio di questo tipo di evento sia per la stima dei danni causati.

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CARAGLIANO, SIMONA. "Societa e disastri naturali : la vulnerabilita culturale ed organizzativa nelle politiche di prevenzione dei rischi : meccanismi di attivazione e costruzione dell'azione preventiva". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278203.

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Conte, Eleonora <1992&gt. "POLITICHE DI PREVENZIONE E DI SOCCORSO IN CASO DI DISASTRI NATURALI IN GIAPPONE. Il caso della Prefettura di Iwate nel terremoto e maremoto nel Tōhoku del 2011". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12340.

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L’argomento principale di questa tesi è l’analisi delle politiche di prevenzione dei disastri ambientali e di soccorso fornito alle popolazioni colpite da questi ultimi in Giappone, prendendo come esempio la prefettura di Iwate dopo il disastro di Sendai e del Tōhoku del 2011. Dopo una breve introduzione generale in merito ai disastri ambientali, ci si occuperà dei disastri a cui il Giappone è stato da sempre soggetto a causa della sua posizione geografica, quindi nello specifico i terremoti e i maremoti, attraverso un breve riepilogo dei più devastanti terremoti e maremoti avvenuti. In seguito si analizzeranno le politiche di prevenzione messe in atto dal governo giapponese e le politiche di soccorso in caso di disastro ambientale. Nello specifico ci si occuperà delle precauzioni messe in atto nella prefettura di Iwate e la città di Otsuchi in riferimento al disastro di Sendai e del Tōhoku del 2011. Per fare ciò ci si focalizzerà sul come sono stati avvisati i cittadini dell’imminente terremoto e tsunami, quali sono stati i danni subiti dalla città e quali sono state le politiche di ricostruzione messe in atto dal nuovo sindaco. Concludendo verrà riportata l’esperienza di Paola Ghirotti, fotografa italiana che a pochi mesi dall'accaduto si è recata a Fukushima per documentare le vicende ed è tornata molteplici volte a distanza di alcuni anni per continuare i suoi reportage fotografici.

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Bonati, Sara. "I paesaggi vulnerabili tra percezione e resilienza: l'isola di Madeira e le Cinque Terre come casi di studio". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424082.

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VULNERABLE LANDSCAPES BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND RESILIENCE: THE CASE STUDIES OF THE ISLAND OF MADEIRA AND CINQUE TERRE The research has been finelized to define and intepret vulnerable landscapes, with the hypothesis that this representation and its critical explanation can be the starting point for a new analysis of the territory and for the improvement of effective policies for a Disaster Management. In her work, the author has tried to conceptualize teoretically and operationally the landscapes of vulnerability, with the purpose to suggest new strategies for building resilience and reduce community exposure. The author has discussed a local, integrative and periscope approach of analysis in the Disaster Risk Reduction studies. In literature, several kind of vulnerable landscapes have been discussed, according to environmental and risk characteristics of the territory; in particular, three vulnerable landscapes have been identified: riskscapes, hazardscapes and disasterscapes. All the vulnerable landscapes mentioned have been defined analysing the different level of vulnerability, perception and resilience, and according to the kind of natural events. Landscape is a frail concept, continually subjected to changes and alterations originated from the kind of human approach to the nature. Thus, landscape, as a reality in the making, isn’t a stable entity, so that social dynamics and environmental processes can impact irreversibly on its geomorphology. Understanding the processes and dynamics that impact on the landscape is a key step in Disaster Prevention and Disaster Risk Reduction. Indeed, as a consequence of the climate change, an increasing number of natural events are affecting people, environments and cultural heritage. Therefore, in order to define the vulnerable landscapes in Cinque Terre and in the island of Madeira, the author has started with a critical conceptual discussion of the vulnerability, perception and resilience of the landscapes at risk, and adopting a place-based approach. In the last section of the thesis, the concept of resilientscape has been introduced and analysed, valuating potentiality and limits of the concept for a Disaster Risk Reduction. Then, some approaches to participation and resilience education have been experimented in the context of the island of Madeira. During the research work, three levels of analysis have been adopted: objective risk (in which different kinds of geo-physical risk and of the relationships beween society and nature have been investigated), risk perception (the level of risk perception of the local stakeholders involved in landscape management) and landscape resilience (actions improved in order to increase the local capacity to deal with hazards and to reduce future level of risk). The analysis of physical contexts, anthropic processes and social representation is central in Disaster Prevention. Thus, a reflection on landscape representations is required. Moreover, risk and vulnerability should be considered during the social building of local representation. Then, the results of empirical analysis in the two areas of study have been compared in order to understand potentiality and limits of landscape analysis in Disaster Risk Reduction. In order to reach the goals of the research, the work has been divided in three phases, that correspond to the three parts of the thesis. The first phase reflects and conceptualizes teoretically the key-concepts of the research. This phase has required the analysis of sources (bibliographic, cartographic, iconographic sources, historical representations and satellite images). The sources have provided important data on local risk. Moreover, it has let to “measure” the historical vulnerability in Cinque Terre and Madeira island. The second phase has been aimed at understanding local risk perception. In order to do it, 60 interviews have been realized in Cinque Terre and Madeira and 300 surveys in the island of Madeira. In the surveys the author adpoted tools already experimented in national and international research. The third phase has been destinated to research on the field (participative observation and work-research). According to the results, the research work let to collect information and data, make direct contact with local and (when and where it has been possible) to participate to the processes of resilience building. The results show that the island of Madeira and Cinque Terre are lanscapes where natural hazards happen frequently. The origins of these natural processes must be traced in the man-work of landscape building and changing and in the abandonment of the rural areas. The promotion and representation of the landscapes in Madeira and Cinque Terre is mainly driven to preserve the tourrism in the region (the tourism is the first economic income in the two areas) and to reduce the perception of the landscape at risk and of the riskscape. Therefore, the landscapes of Cinque Terre and Madeira island appeare as vulnerable landscapes, in which interesting resilience examples have place and could participate in the building of a future resilientscape.
I PAESAGGI VULNERABILI TRA PERCEZIONE E RESILIENZA: L’ISOLA DI MADEIRA E LE CINQUE TERRE COME CASI DI STUDIO. Il lavoro di ricerca è stato teso alla definizione e interpretazione di un paesaggio vulnerabile, nell’ipotesi che questa rappresentazione, e la sua esplicitazione critica, sia la premessa per letture del territorio e politiche efficaci per la gestione del rischio. Il lavoro di tesi ha cercato, pertanto, di concettualizzare teoricamente e operativamente i paesaggi della vulnerabilità cercando di proporre una nuova tipologia di questa analisi che possa aiutare nella costruzione di processi resilienti in grado di ridurre l’esposizione delle comunità ai disastri. Si è cercato, cioè, di presentare un nuovo approccio di analisi alla disaster risk reduction, con carattere locale, integrato e periscopico. In letteratura sono stati definiti diversi tipi di paesaggio vulnerabile in ragione delle dinamiche ambientali e dei rischi presenti sul territorio; in particolare sono stati identificati i riskscapes, gli hazardscapes, e i disasterscapes, definiti dalle diverse interazioni entro vulnerabilità, resilienza e percezione. Il paesaggio è una realtà fragile, sottoposta a continui mutamenti e alterazioni che discendono dall’opera dell’uomo e della natura. In quanto realtà in divenire, il paesaggio non è un’entità stabile, e dinamiche sociali e processi ambientali possono avere impatti irreversibili su di esso. Comprendere le dinamiche e i processi che agiscono sul paesaggio è fondamentale nella prevenzione dei disastri e nella riduzione dei rischi che popolazioni, ambiente e patrimonio oggi vivono in misura crescente, a conseguenza anche del cambiamento climatico. Per giungere a una definizione del paesaggio vulnerabile nelle Cinque Terre e a Madeira sono stati, pertanto, indagati la vulnerabilità, la percezione e il livello di resilienza del paesaggio al rischio, partendo dallo studio del locale. Infine, è stato discusso cosa sia un paesaggio resiliente (potenzialità e limiti del concetto nella riduzione del rischio di disastri) e come costruirlo in un contesto sperimentale quale l’isola di Madeira. Durante il lavoro di ricerca sono stati adottati tre livelli di analisi: rischio oggettivo (nel quale sono state discusse le diverse tipologie di rischio geo-fisico presenti nelle aree di studio e le dinamiche società-ambiente che accrescono o producono questi rischi), rischio percepito (in particolare, è stato analizzato il livello di percezione del rischio degli attori coinvolti nella costruzione del paesaggio), resilienza del paesaggio (per la quale sono state considerate le azioni locali messe in atto per aumentare la capacità di risposta ai disastri e di riduzione del rischio). Nella prevenzione dei disastri è fondamentale lavorare non solo sui contesti fisici e sui processi antropici ma anche sulle rappresentazioni che i diversi attori hanno del rischio di eventi naturali. Si tratta, perciò, di riflettere e contribuire alla costruzione di rappresentazioni del territorio e, di conseguenza, del paesaggio (come inteso da Raffestin) che incorporino il rischio e la vulnerabilità. I risultati delle analisi empiriche sono stati, poi, comparati al fine di comprendere potenzialità e limiti di un’analisi paesaggistica nel processo di riduzione del rischio di disastri. Per raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati, il lavoro di ricerca è stato diviso in tre fasi che corrispondono ai tre corpi della tesi. Una prima fase di riflessione concettuale e discussione teorica, a cui segue l’analisi delle fonti (bibliografiche, cartografiche, iconografiche, fotografie storiche e immagini satellitari) che hanno fornito indicazioni e dati sul rischio nelle aree di studio. Questo lavoro ha consentito di definire la vulnerabilità storica dei paesaggi nelle Cinque Terre e sull’isola di Madeira e di comprendere le dinamiche di formazione del rischio attuale. È seguita, poi, una fase di indagine della percezione della popolazione, e a tal proposito sono state realizzate 60 interviste strutturate e semi-strutturate (nell'isola di Madeira e nelle Cinque Terre) e 300 questionari (nell'isola di Madeira). I questionari hanno adottato strumenti di indagine già sperimentati in ricerche scientifiche nazionali e internazionali. Infine, l’ultima fase è stata dedicata alla ricerca di campo (osservazione partecipante e ricerca-lavoro) attraverso la quale è stato possibile raccogliere informazioni, prendere contatto con le realtà locali, e attivare collaborazioni al fine di definire e (onde possibile) incrementare la resilienza locale. I risultati hanno mostrato che l’isola di Madeira e le Cinque Terre sono paesaggi frequentemente interessati da processi naturali a volte disastrosi, le cui origini si possono ritrovare in buona misura nel lavoro di produzione e modificazione del paesaggio operato dall'uomo nel corso dei secoli e dal processo di abbandono delle aree agricole. Entrambe le regioni sono conosciute a livello internazionale per le loro bellezze paesistiche e costituiscono importanti mete turistiche mondiali. Di conseguenza, la promozione e rappresentazione di questi paesaggi è principalmente guidata dalla necessità di preservare il turismo (oggi prima risorsa economica locale) e di ridurre la percezione di un paesaggio del rischio. I paesaggi delle Cinque Terre e di Madeira sono apparsi, pertanto, come paesaggi fortemente vulnerabili. Entro questi paesaggi, tuttavia, si incontrano interessanti esempi di resilienza, che costituiscono delle basi da cui partire per la costruzione di un paesaggio resiliente al rischio.

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12

MOLTENI, MARZIA. "LE RISORSE PSICOSOCIALI NEL FRONTEGGIAMENTO DI UNA CATASTROFE". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1005.

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La presente tesi intende analizzare e comprendere le strategie psicosociali nel fronteggiamento dei disastri naturali, eventi che sconvolgono le infrastrutture, i sistemi di comunicazione, le organizzazioni e l’intero tessuto sociale (Sbattella, 2009). Spesso, oltre alle ferite, le vittime vivono anche evidenti conseguenze psicologiche. La tesi, partendo da un’analisi della letteratura è dedicata alla presentazione di un progetto di ricerca che ha come obiettivo globale quello di rilevare i livelli di stress in un campione di famiglie vittime del terremoto ha colpito l’Aquila nel 2009. Il primo capitolo offre una panoramica generale sul tema dei disastri naturali. Il secondo e il terzo capitolo circoscrivono l’oggetto di interesse, riferendosi in maniera sempre più specifica a due strategie psicosociali nel fronteggiamento di una catastrofe: l’umorismo ed il supporto sociale. Il quarto capitolo comprende una descrizione dell’impianto generale del progetto di ricerca. Il quinto capitolo è dedicato alla presentazione del primo studio sulle strategie psicosociali di reazione al sisma. Il sesto capitolo esamina e discute i risultati del secondo studio sull’impatto familiare del sisma, esso rappresenta un’indagine esplorativa finalizzata all’analisi dei differenti stili di risposta familiare ad un terremoto. Vengono infine proposte alcune considerazioni pratiche conclusive rispetto alle diverse ipotesi di ricerca formulate.
This thesis analyses psycho-social coping strategies employed to face natural disasters, events which destroy infrastructure, communication systems, organisations and the entire social fabric (Sbattella, 2009). As a matter of fact, aside from physical wounds, victims often experience extremely tangible psychological consequences. Starting with a review of the existing literature, the paper illustrates a research project aimed at the identification of stress levels in a sample of families hit by the 2009 earthquake in the Italian city of L'Aquila. The first chapter offers an overview of the physical and psychological consequences of natural disasters. The following two chapters are focused on psycho-social strategies employed to cope with natural disasters, with a particular emphasis on humour and psycho-social support. The fourth chapter describes the general features of the research project. The following chapter illustrates the results of a first study on psycho-social coping strategies in the aftermath of the earthquake. The final chapter presents the results of a second exploratory study on the impact of the earthquake on family relations, analysing a range of different post-earthquake coping approaches at a family level. The paper is then concluded by a series of recommendations for the development of better psycho-social coping strategies in the aftermath of natural disasters.

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MOLTENI, MARZIA. "LE RISORSE PSICOSOCIALI NEL FRONTEGGIAMENTO DI UNA CATASTROFE". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1005.

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La presente tesi intende analizzare e comprendere le strategie psicosociali nel fronteggiamento dei disastri naturali, eventi che sconvolgono le infrastrutture, i sistemi di comunicazione, le organizzazioni e l’intero tessuto sociale (Sbattella, 2009). Spesso, oltre alle ferite, le vittime vivono anche evidenti conseguenze psicologiche. La tesi, partendo da un’analisi della letteratura è dedicata alla presentazione di un progetto di ricerca che ha come obiettivo globale quello di rilevare i livelli di stress in un campione di famiglie vittime del terremoto ha colpito l’Aquila nel 2009. Il primo capitolo offre una panoramica generale sul tema dei disastri naturali. Il secondo e il terzo capitolo circoscrivono l’oggetto di interesse, riferendosi in maniera sempre più specifica a due strategie psicosociali nel fronteggiamento di una catastrofe: l’umorismo ed il supporto sociale. Il quarto capitolo comprende una descrizione dell’impianto generale del progetto di ricerca. Il quinto capitolo è dedicato alla presentazione del primo studio sulle strategie psicosociali di reazione al sisma. Il sesto capitolo esamina e discute i risultati del secondo studio sull’impatto familiare del sisma, esso rappresenta un’indagine esplorativa finalizzata all’analisi dei differenti stili di risposta familiare ad un terremoto. Vengono infine proposte alcune considerazioni pratiche conclusive rispetto alle diverse ipotesi di ricerca formulate.
This thesis analyses psycho-social coping strategies employed to face natural disasters, events which destroy infrastructure, communication systems, organisations and the entire social fabric (Sbattella, 2009). As a matter of fact, aside from physical wounds, victims often experience extremely tangible psychological consequences. Starting with a review of the existing literature, the paper illustrates a research project aimed at the identification of stress levels in a sample of families hit by the 2009 earthquake in the Italian city of L'Aquila. The first chapter offers an overview of the physical and psychological consequences of natural disasters. The following two chapters are focused on psycho-social strategies employed to cope with natural disasters, with a particular emphasis on humour and psycho-social support. The fourth chapter describes the general features of the research project. The following chapter illustrates the results of a first study on psycho-social coping strategies in the aftermath of the earthquake. The final chapter presents the results of a second exploratory study on the impact of the earthquake on family relations, analysing a range of different post-earthquake coping approaches at a family level. The paper is then concluded by a series of recommendations for the development of better psycho-social coping strategies in the aftermath of natural disasters.

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14

Stover, Timothy V. "Myth, ritual and symbol in natural disasters and disaster management". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com.

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Fugate-Whitlock, Elizabeth. "Natural Disasters and Older Adults: The Social Construction of Disaster Planning". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2617.

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Examining older adults’ experiences with and response toward hurricanes within the context of the community of residence is key to both understanding their experiences and planning for future hurricanes. Specific to this research, the objective was to understand the current social network of older adults, or who provides care for whom under what circumstances, using the social constructionist perspective. Grounded theory combined with action research was the theoretical orientation guiding the study. Sources of data included the collection of household disaster plans, semi-structured interviews with older adult residents of housing authority neighborhoods, semi-structured interviews with community planners, and observation of community planning meetings. Data were gathered from older adults living in housing authority communities in Southeastern North Carolina using guidelines established by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to develop individual disaster plans. The individual disaster plans were completed during face to face meetings with the older adults, as were semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews were also completed with area planners. Agendas, minutes, and observational notes from disaster planning meetings were collected. The content of the individual disaster plans, semi-structured interviews, and observation notes were then analyzed to determine gaps that must be addressed in order to meet the overall needs of the community. Working with participants, the housing authority disaster response committee, and county planners, a neighborhood plan will be developed that reflects the social construction of all concerned for use in response to future hurricanes. The impact of the multiple levels of communities was apparent in this research. While common thematic processes emerged in data analysis, planners, housing authority personnel and residents of housing communities define community differently. There is discordance when they identify needed resources, and when they reflect on past experience. A power differential which resulted in stifling was also observed.

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16

Uribe, Linares Carlos Augusto y Canda Erick Manuel Pino. "Soluciones Tecnológicas para la Atención de Desastres Naturales del Fenómeno del Niño". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651650.

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En el Perú, existe una gran necesidad de reducir el impacto de los desastres naturales ocasionados por el fenómeno El Niño, ya que genera cuantiosas pérdidas, algunas pueden ser tanto humanas como materiales. Este evento hidro-climático, que azotó al país por última vez en el año 2017, evidenció que no existen soluciones tecnológicas para reducir las consecuencias de este tipo de acontecimientos. Por tal motivo, el presente proyecto pretende, analizar los principales peligros e impacto de los desastres naturales del fenómeno “El Niño” en el Perú, la aplicación de las TIC que hoy en día se utilizan en la gestión de desastres naturales, el diseño de un catálogo de soluciones tecnológicas incluyendo para cada una su arquitectura física y el costo aproximado de implementación, la validación de las soluciones tecnológicas a través de expertos en desastres climatológicos e investigación tecnológica, y por último, definir una hoja de ruta para la implementación de las soluciones tecnológicas propuestas. Se espera que el catálogo ayude a las entidades peruanas públicas o privadas, encargadas de la gestión de desastres naturales, a poner en marcha soluciones TIC que supongan una mejora y un mejor resultado en la atención de desastres sin necesidad de tener un amplio conocimiento sobre las TIC y que brinden una gama de posibilidades tanto en la diversidad de componentes que conforma cada solución tecnológica y costos.
In Peru, there is a great need to reduce the impact of natural disasters caused by the El Niño southern oscillation phenomenon (ENSO), since it generates large losses both human and material. This hydro-climatic event, which hit the country for the last time in 2017, showed that there are no technological solutions to reduce the consequences of this type of events. For this reason, this project aims to analyze the main dangers and impact of natural disasters of the "El Niño" phenomenon in Peru, the application of ICT that are used today in the management of natural disasters, design a catalog of technological solutions including, for each one, its physical architecture and the approximate cost of implementation, the validation of the technological solutions through experts in climatological disasters and technological research, and finally, define a Roadmap for the proposed technological solutions. It is expected that the catalog will help Peruvian public or private entities, in charge of natural disaster management, to implement ICT solutions that will improve and improve disaster response without needing to have extensive knowledge about the ICT and that offer a range of possibilities both in the diversity of components that make up each technological solution and costs.
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17

Lee, Dalbyul. "The impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change:longitudinal data analysis". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50113.

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This dissertation seeks to explore the association between natural disasters and neighborhood change and further to examine the differential impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change according to the disaster itself, the rehabilitation efforts of local jurisdictions, and the characteristics of the affected neighborhoods. Using the longitudinal model, it examines the shifts in neighborhood change trajectory before and after natural disaster for three indicators (home values, poverty rate and racial diversity). The results find that natural disasters have a significant impact on the trend of neighborhood change, reducing variation in the indicators within neighborhood. Home values and racial diversity of neighborhoods are likely to immediately decrease after natural disasters but not to shift in subsequent rate of change,while poverty rates are likely to instantly increase in the aftermath of the disasters and to annually decline over time. This dissertation also explores the differential effects on neighborhood change according to intensity of natural disaster, neighborhoods? average income and the location. The results of the analyses are like the following: 1) the neighborhoods which the more intense disasters hit are more likely to experience the rapid decline in home values and an instant increase in their poverty rates than those which the less intense disaster hit. On the other hand, the more intense natural disasters are more likely to increase neighborhoods? racial diversity than the less intense natural disasters, while natural disasters themselves are likely to decrease it. 2) natural disasters might have the more adverse impacts on low- and high-income neighborhoods than moderate-income neighborhoods and that the impacts on low-income neighborhoods are most severe. More importantly, the adverse impacts in low-income neighborhoods might be long lasting. 3)neighborhoods in suburban areas, compared to neighborhoods in the central cities, are likely to decrease in their home values after natural disasters and to increase in their poverty rates. Finally, the findings of this dissertation confirms its main arguments that a natural disaster affects the trend of neighborhood change and intervenes in the path of change over time and that natural disasters differentially shift neighborhoods according to their characteristics. Further it suggests that these neighborhood changes, once accelerated by a natural disaster, further polarize residential populations on a metropolitan neighborhood scale.

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18

Soto, Gómez Agnes Jane. "Geographical Distribution of Disasters Caused by Natural Hazards in Data-scarce Areas : Methodological exploration on the Samala River catchment, Guatemala". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260708.

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An increasing trend in both the number of disasters and affected people has been observed, especially during the second half of the 20th century. The physical, economic and social impact that natural hazards have had on a global scale has prompted an increasing interest of governments, international institutions and the academia. This has immensely contributed to improve the knowledge on the subject and has helped multiply the number of initiatives to reduce the negative consequences of natural hazards on people. The scale on which studies supporting disaster risk reduction (DRR) actions are performed is a critical parameter. Given that disasters are recognized to be place-dependent, studying the geographical distribution of disasters on a local scale is essential to make DRR practical and feasible for local authorities, organizations and civilians. However, studying disasters on the local scale is still a challenge due to the constraints posed by scarce data availability. Social vulnerability in many disaster-prone areas is however a pressing issue that needs to be swiftly addressed despite of the many limitations of data for such studies. This thesis explored methodological alternatives to study the geographical distribution of natural disasters and their potential causes in disaster-prone and data-scarce areas. The Samala River catchment in Guatemala was selected as a case study, which is representative of areas with high social vulnerability and data scarcity. Exploratory methods to derive critical disaster information in such areas were constructed using the geographical and social data available for the study area. The hindrances posed by the available data were evaluated and the use of non-traditional datasets such as nightlights imagery to complement the available data were explored as a way of overcoming the observed limitations. The exploratory methods developed in this thesis aim at (a) deriving information on natural disasters under data-scarce circumstances, (b) exploring the correlation between the spatial distribution of natural disasters and the physical context in order to look for causalities, (c) using open data to study the social context as a potential cause of disasters in data-scarce areas, and (d) mapping vulnerabilities to support actions for disaster risk reduction. Although the available data for the case study was limited in quantity and quality and many sources of uncertainty exist in the proposed methods, this thesis argues that the potential contribution to the development of DRR on a local scale is more important than the identified drawbacks. The use of non-traditional data such as remotely sensed imagery made it possible to derive information on the occurrences of disasters and, in particular, causal relationships between location of disasters and their physical and social context.
El número de desastres y personas afectadas por esos desastres en el mundo han mostrado una tendencia creciente, especialmente en la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. El impacto físico, económico y social que las amenazas naturales han causado a nivel global ha causado que gobiernos, instituciones internacionales y la academia se interesen cada vez más en los desastres causados por esas amenazas. Este interés ha contribuido a mejorar el conocimiento existente sobre desastres y ha contribuido a multiplicar las iniciativas orientadas a reducir sus efectos negativos en las personas. La escala en la cual las iniciativas para la reducción del riesgo de desastres (RRD) se llevan a cabo es un parámetro crítico para su materialización. Hoy en día se reconoce la estrecha relación que existe entre los desastres y los lugares donde éstos se registran. Por esta razón, estudiar la distribución de los desastres en una escala local es esencial para que la RRD sea práctica y factible para autoridades y organizaciones locales, y también para la sociedad civil. Sin embargo, estudiar los desastres en una escala local es aún un problema por resolver debido a las restricciones impuestas por la escasa disponibilidad de datos de alta resolución. A pesar de las dificultades y limitaciones identificadas, la vulnerabilidad social en las regiones propensas a desastres es un problema importante que necesita ser atendido con prontitud. La presente tesis exploró alternativas metodológicas para estudiar la distribución geográfica de los desastres naturales y sus causas potenciales, particularmente en áreas propensas a desastres y en condiciones de información limitada. La cuenca del Río Samalá fue seleccionada como caso de estudio debido a que es un área representativa de áreas propensa a desastres con alta vulnerabilidad social y además escasez de datos. El trabajo de investigación propone métodos exploratorios para extraer información crítica sobre desastres utilizando la información geográfica y social que esté disponible, evaluando los obstáculos impuestos por la reducida disponibilidad de datos. La información existente fue complementada con el uso de fuentes de información no tradicional, e.g. imágenes satelitales de luces nocturnas, como una manera de superar las limitaciones identificadas. Los métodos desarrollados en este trabajo de tesis tuvieron como objetivos (a) obtener información sobre desastres naturales en condiciones de escasez de datos, (b) explorar la correlación entre la distribución espacial de los desastres naturales y su contexto físico para identificar causalidades, (c) utilizar información de libre acceso para estudiar el contexto social de los desastres como causa potencial de los desastres en áreas con escasez de datos, y (d) mapear vulnerabilidades para sustentar acciones para la RRD. Este trabajo de tesis sostiene que la contribución potencial de los métodos propuestos al desarrollo de la RRD en la escala social es más importante que las incertidumbres que implican y las limitaciones creadas por la reducida calidad y cantidad de información para el caso de estudio. El uso de fuentes de información no tradicionales tales como imágenes satelitales hizo posible incrementar la información sobre las incidencias de desastres y, en particular, buscar relación de dependencia entre los lugares particulares en los que los desastres fueron registrados y su contexto físico y social.

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Garber, Nikola Marie. "Natural disasters in international affairs formulating reconstruction planning in NOAA /". [Hattiesburg, MS : The University of Southern Mississippi], 2004. http://www.usm.edu/international/files/Garber-FullDissertation.pdf.

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McCall, Valerie M. "Designing and prepositioning humanitarian assistance pack-up kits (HA PUKs) to support Pacific fleet emergency relief operations". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FMcCall.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald G. Brown. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95). Also available in print.

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Tean, Ee Shen. "Optimized positioning of pre-disaster relief force and assets". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FTean.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Javier Salmeron. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Also available in print.

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Grohe, Christine Lea. "Internal displacementdue to natural disasters : Inclusion of IDPs in Disaster Risk Reduction strategies". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46396.

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The increasing impacts of climate change bear new challenges for the international community. The exacerbation of natural disasters in frequency and scope also confronts the national governments with newly arising problems. Disaster-induced displacement isan increasing phenomenon occurring the last years, which particularly vulnerable regions with a high exposure to national hazards are affected by. The present study addresses the inclusion of disaster IDPs in Disaster Risk Reduction frameworks on international and national level and argues that there is a need to recognize disaster-induced displacement as an increasing issue that should explicitly be addressed and included in policy frameworks on both levels. This was addressed through analyzing international and national key strategies in Disaster-Risk-Reduction. A case comparison of the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 and the yearly recurring floods in Mozambique since 2000 illustrates the implementation of these frameworks in regard to the issue of displacement. Although efforts have been made on both levels to improve the situation of IDPs in the response and recovery phase, it is argued that an inclusion through a community-based approach is needed in all the phases of disaster management to appropriately address the needs of disaster IDPs in the pre-and post-disaster phases.

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Watson, Kaitlyn E. "The roles of pharmacists in disaster health management in natural and anthropogenic disasters". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130757/1/Kaitlyn_Watson_Thesis.pdf.

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This study investigated pharmacists' roles in disasters and identified the acceptance and expectations of pharmacists throughout the different stages of a disaster. Taking an all-hazard and inclusive approach, this research included key stakeholders from international disaster and emergency management organisations as well as pharmacy organisations. Pharmacists' skills and knowledge are typically underutilised in disasters and it was identified that their abilities extend beyond the traditional role of logistics and supply management. There are multiple practice areas in a disaster in which a pharmacist's expertise could be valuable in patient care, logistics, governance, and public health.

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24

Hugelius, Karin. "Disaster response for recovery : survivors experiences, and the use of disaster radio to promote health after natural disasters". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52653.

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Disasters occur all over the world, and affect a rising number of people. The health effects of natural disasters depend on several factors present before, during, and after a disaster event. However, there is only limited knowledge of survivors experiences, needs, and health after natural disasters. Disaster radio means a temporary radio station that broadcasts information, music, and support to the affected population. Disaster radio has the potential to function even in a severely affected area, but its effects need to be further evaluated from a health perspective. The context of this thesis was the Haiyan supertyphoon that hit parts of the Philippines in November 2013. The overall aim was to describe survivors’ and health professionals’ experiences during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster, the health effects from such a disaster, and how disaster radio as a disaster response intervention can be used and evaluated from a health perspective. The thesis includes four studies using qualitative research methods, including content analysis and a phenomenological hermeneutic method, and quantitative methods with statistical analysis. The results show that the Haiyan typhoon affected physical, psychological, and social dimensions of health. Disaster radio was used to broadcast health-related information and psychosocial support, and made a positive contribution to recovery from the perspective of the survivors. Being a health professional deployed during the disaster was an experience of being both a helper and a victim. The use of a self-selected internetbased sample recruited via Facebook for a web-based survey mitigated several practical challenges related to disaster research, but also raised questions about the generalizability of the results. Based on the findings, the importance of an integrated physical, psychological, and social health response to natural disasters is emphazized. Also, the health care system should prepare to use disaster radio as disaster response. In addition, the results suggest that disaster training for health professionals should include personal preparation and coping strategies. Internet-based methods in disaster research need to be further evaluated.

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Davidson, Clayton Simmons. ""Natural Disasters"". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538761/.

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"Natural Disasters" is a cycle of five extractable movements for septet, conductor and computer. Each movement in the cycle is inspired by the ways that humans are affected by and respond to five different classes or categories of natural disasters: meteorological, such as hurricanes, tornados, and haboobs; geological, like earthquakes and landslides; hydrological, including flooding and sea level rise; wildfires; and extra-planetary disasters such as meteors and solar flares. The disaster types are used as overarching themes and also as sources for the organization of the movements and their surface details. This paper presents an overview of the conception and organization of cycle, the themes addressed in each movement and the compositional techniques used. The history of composers using weather or disaster-related themes in prior music is reviewed, and a survey of contemporary disaster-related compositions is presented.

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Boyd, Ezra. "The Political Determinants of the Impact of Natural Disasters: A Cross-Country Comparison". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/41.

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While people all over the world are vulnerable to natural disasters, the available data clearly demonstrate a great deal of cross-country variance in the impact of catastrophic events. For example, while Hurricane Mitch took an estimated 13,000 lives when it struck Honduras and Nicaragua, the stronger Hurricane Andrew took only 26 lives when it impacted the United States. What factors explain this difference? Thus far, disaster researchers have emphasized economic and social vulnerability as determinants of disaster impact; the conventional wisdom accepts that poor and underdeveloped countries are more vulnerable than wealthy, developed countries. I argue that the political institutions of a country also matter and then examine the relative importance of political vulnerability as a determinant of disaster impact. I present evidence from case studies and large-N statistical analysis that demonstrates that, like social and economic vulnerability, political vulnerability is an important determinant of the impact of a natural disaster.

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Xia, Yang. "A disaster footprint framework for assessing the cascading indirect economic impacts of natural disasters". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66939/.

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This PhD thesis employs and further develops models from environmental, epidemiological and macroeconomic studies to construct an interdisciplinary ‘Disaster Footprint Model’ based on input-output techniques for assessing the cascading indirect economic loss resulting from both ‘rapid-onset’ and ‘persistent’ natural disasters that were happened in the UK or China at different points in time. Each natural disaster will undermine physical capital and inhabitants differently in the form of destructions to infrastructures, roads, buildings, death or injuries, which are normally termed as ‘direct impacts’ of a disaster. Unfortunately, the tragedy is not over. Direct impacts of a disaster will disrupt the economic activity when machineries are out of order and labourers cannot attend the work, which will further trigger the economic output of the affected industries or regions due to the shrinking capital and labour productivity. Indeed, the initial reduction in output level of the affected industry or region can spill over those unaffected industries and regions through industrial and regional interconnectedness in the sense that each industry/region sells its outputs to or purchases commodities from other industries/regions. As a result, indirect economic loss can constitute a considerable share in total economic loss of a natural disaster. The significant role of indirect economic loss has been well documented given that the industrial and regional interdependencies have become unprecedentedly tightened under globalization in the contemporary world. In this respect, input-output model is a good candidate to cope with the cascading indirect economic loss from a disaster due to its root in ‘a circular economy’. An input-output model was developed by Wassily Leontief based on the concept of ‘a circular economy’, suggesting that social production and reproduction activities enclose the use of high-efficiency resources and environmentally friendly. Specifically, the production of the labourers will be used in the process of nature cycle while the natural resources will be used in the perpetual cycle (Liu et al, 2016). Labourers simultaneously act as consumers and economic production will be partially consumed by consumers and partially by other industries. In this respect, an input-output model takes the form of matrix and records the inter-industrial transaction flows. For ‘rapid-onset’ disasters that arrive rapidly with few days or without warnings, despite that a number of hybrid input-output based models have been proposed, they have heavily relied on accurate estimation of physical capital damages without conscientiously considering the distinctive characteristics of these disasters where their models might become invalidated. For ‘persistent’ disasters that persist longer and whose effects will be gradually realized over time, their ‘invisible’ health impacts provoke challenges for existing disaster risk modelling and little attention has been attached to constrained labour productivity in a post-disaster economy. Meanwhile, existing assessment tools in health costs studies mainly stem from a patient’s standpoint and quantify the disease burden at a microeconomic level, thus uncovering the need for investigating the macroeconomic implications from these health impacts. Environmental, health and economic problems are intertwining with one another in an environment-health-economy nexus. Any single phenomenon is resulting from a complexity of multi-factors and thus, should be solved by integrating these studies instead of keeping them as separate entities. Inspired by this, Chapter 4 designs an interdisciplinary methodological framework that bridges environmental or meteorological studies, epidemiological studies and macroeconomic analysis. The framework allows several input-output based options to consider the distinctive feathers of a natural disasters where the traditional disaster modelling cannot function well, to understand and incorporate the health impacts through an angel of reducing labour availability and productive time, and to capture the cascading indirect economic loss triggered by industrial and regional interdependencies from a macroeconomic perspective. To verify the feasibility and applicability of the approach, Chapter 5, 6 and 7 select four case studies that include the economic assessments of a typical flood with special characteristics occurred in the UK; one on China’s air pollution in 2012; and two on China’s heat waves in Nanjing and Shanghai in 2013 and 2007, respectively. After applying the approach on four cases covering both ‘rapid-onset’ and ‘persistent’ natural disasters, the thesis illumes future research with several important conclusions that 1) Disaster risk studies should attach equal significance to loss in capital productivity and labour productivity; 2) Air pollution and heat waves should be considered analogously as a natural disaster that affects human capital more than physical capital and thus, they should be investigated more deeply in disaster risk studies; 3) Disaster risk modelling should be conducted with additional attention on disaster characteristics; 4) Existing approaches used in health cost assessments generally take the patient’s perspective in evaluating the economic burden of a particular disease, which is insufficient for investigations of the macroeconomic implications on the entire economic system because industrial interdependencies and indirect economic losses are extremely important for such macroeconomic evaluations; 5) Input-output techniques and its modified forms are able to provide more modelling options for disaster risk assessment and management; 6) The developed interdisciplinary approach can successfully bridge environmental or meteorological studies, epidemiological studies and macroeconomic analysis. It also allows to consider the distinctive feathers of a natural disasters, to understand and incorporate the health impacts through an angel of reducing labour availability and productive time, and to capture the cascading indirect economic loss triggered by industrial and regional interdependencies; 7) The estimation based on such interdisciplinary model can be more accurate and effective once more comprehensive and sophisticated dataset are available, such as the occupational disease incidence rate and required time for each outpatient visit.

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Häggberg, David. "Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management : A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43868.

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Final Thesis, Master of Business Administration & Economic Program, Field of Research: Management, School of Business & Economics at Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, 4FE10E, Spring 2015. Author: David Häggberg Supervisor: Richard Nakamura (Daniel Ericsson) Title: Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management Subtitle: A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K. Background: On the 11th of March 2011, Japan was hit with one of the largestearthquakes in modern history at a magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter scale. Thiscaused wide spreading and lasting delays in production in large parts of the worlddue to organizations supply chain being connected to Japan. Subsequently RiskManagement has received renewed and increasing attention, both in Japan and therest of the world. The proactive concept of Risk Management primary builds itsmodels around probability and utilizes this concept as a basis for determining whichrisks that should be mitigated through countermeasures and financial investments.Though when faced with an environment filled with uncertainty and an additionallevel of indirect risk exposure due to the potential domino effect of natural disasterssuch as earthquakes, can Risk Management really handle that, a world whereprobability fails? The reactive approach used by Disaster Management mightcontain clues for making Risk Management more flexible. Research Question: How can a transnational corporation adapt their RiskManagement strategy and plan for contingencies in a country with an unstablenatural environment? Purpose: This thesis seeks to investigate how a strategy for Risk Management canbe created and adapted with the regard to uncertainties such as an unstableenvironmental situation. The goal is further to highlight how traditional RiskManagement can be combined with other related areas such as DisasterManagement, in order to make a more complete strategy and a more flexible plan foraction. An adaption to the Risk Management strategy that would be made in order tomake the strategy applicable on a global level and including areas with unstableenvironmental situations. Method: This study has utilized a multi-strategy approach and the main source ofdata for this case study has come from semi-structured interviews and acomplementary survey. The author has found it necessary to adopt a pragmaticstandpoint with a qualitative focus in order to explore the research question andunderstand the collected data to its fullest extent. Conclusion: Adopting the local practices and mindset that strives to constantlysecure the supply chain and fulfill customer obligations by creating contingenciesthe risk exposure can be mitigated. Utilizing a quickly adaptable approach instead oflong-term planning in combination with concepts such as a Disaster Recovery Planthe Risk Management strategy can be altered towards becoming more flexible.

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Frazier, Walter Lee. "Coping strategies among religiously committed survivors of Hurricane Katrina in the state of Mississippi". Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03182009-100857.

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Guarnizo, Caroline Clarke. "Integrating disaster and development assistance after natural disasters : lessons from PVO response in the third world". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13473.

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Choudhury, Zahidul Arefin. "Politics of natural disaster : how governments maintain legitimacy in the wake of major disasters, 1990-2010". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1566.

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This dissertation is about major natural disasters, and how they contribute to legitimacy crises of governments. Three major factors explain the emergence of a legitimacy crisis in a post-disaster context: the frequency of disaster occurrence, the quality of the government response to disasters, and the type of regime within which the government operates. Employing a large-N statistical analysis of data on major natural disasters and anti-government domestic political activities for the years between 1990 and 2010, I show that higher counts of disasters, as a rule, increase the risks of anti-government demonstrations, revolutions, riots, guerrilla warfare, and intrastate conflict. The disaster-political opposition relationship is conditional upon the characteristics of political regimes. No regime is entirely free from the political dangers of disasters. Consolidated autocracies and well established democracies are less likely than mixed regimes to observe political crises in the context of a higher frequency of natural disasters. To evaluate the quality of government response and how it mediates the disaster-legitimacy relationship, I conduct a qualitative analysis of news reports on four major disaster events in South Asia - cyclone Sidr of 2007 and cyclone Aila of 2009 in Bangladesh and cyclone Aila and the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 in India. The case studies reveal that poor preparedness and inadequate immediate and long-term response of a government invite public criticism of the incumbent, antigovernment protest movements, and anti-incumbent voting in elections. When opposition parties translate this public frustration into broader political mobilization, the moral claim of the incumbent to remain in power diminishes substantially, sometimes causing a legitimacy crisis. As opposed to common expectations, democracy may not provide the best political environment for effective disaster response. The quality of government response is influenced rather by a regime's security concerns, the level of administrative efficacy and corruption, the military's role in the disaster response process, socio-economic conditions of the affected people, and leadership competition over the disaster management process. This study has broader implications for understanding the kinds of political strains that disasters create in a society and how governments function in Bangladesh and India. Much of these governments' energy is devoted to managing disasters, which diminishes their capacity to govern. Political elites in Bangladesh and India use disaster events as opportunities to strengthen clientelism and exclude political opposition in the affected areas

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Cleenewerck, Adélie. "Natural disasters : What are the economic consequences of natural disasters for households?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105154.

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Climate change is an important subject nowadays and climate change leads to more natural disasters. This essay is a large literature study on Asian, American, European, Oceanian and African countries about the economic consequences for households as a result of natural disasters and the coping mechanisms used by households, as well as governments and institutions. It also provides information about natural disasters, such as natural disasters that have the worst consequences, people that are highly affected by disasters and places in the world where disasters happen the most. The aim of this study is to learn more about environmental disasters and prepare better for future disasters. The results show consequences on welfare (income, assets, poverty), the labour market, migration and inequality. And the coping strategies found are post-disaster sources (help from family and relatives, public and private transfers, borrowing, credits, savings, insurance), decrease in expenditures, changes in consumption, selling assets, changes in the labour market, help from communities and other ways to cope. Governments and institutions also help households in the aftermath of natural disasters. Overall, we conclude that natural disasters lead to important economic impacts for people, and households react by using different coping mechanisms to recover.

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Bang, Henry N. "Natural disaster risk, vulnerability and resettlement : relocation decisions following the Lake Nyos and Monoum disasters in Cameroon". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/10574/.

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This thesis examines contemporary challenges within “natural” disaster risk, vulnerability, resettlement and disaster management in Cameroon. Its empirical focus is on the experiences of the Lake Nyos and Lake Monoum gas disasters which occurred in the mid- 1980s, and on the processes that surrounded resettlement and subsequent relocation of affected populations. The underlying aim is to understand the social context of risk and vulnerability, and consider how such knowledge can be integrated in the development planning process of Cameroon. The research adopts the position, now common in the political ecology of hazards, that disasters occur due to the interaction between human and physical factors, and that disaster risk reduction measures should incorporate socioeconomic and socio-cultural problems. The thesis combines evidence from questionnaire surveys, interviews, documents and field observations, in order to produce a detailed understanding of the processes at work. Results are presented in study populations; three that were affected by the gas disasters (the displaced victims of the Lake Nyos disaster presently living in resettlement camps, former displaced victims of the Lake Nyos disaster who have moved back to the disaster zone and the residents in and around Lake Monoum who were not resettled and have not moved from the disaster area) and a set of key stakeholders involved in disaster management in Cameroon. Most disaster research in Cameroon focuses on the technical aspects of natural hazards/disasters. There is conspicuous lack of research or published materials that addresses the social aspects of natural disasters. Research findings show that Cameroon’s disaster management framework has been oriented to address mostly the crisis phase of natural disasters. This view is confirmed by the case study results, which reveal that the management of the Lake Nyos disaster focused on the immediate aftermath of the disaster, without contingency planning for the displaced survivors. Results also reveal that the resettlement of disaster survivors has created social conditions that have led to their relocation back to the disaster zone. Results regarding several risk-related themes strongly indicate that disaster managers in the government sector generally perceive risk from a technical, scientific or physical perspective. Past experience and socio-cultural factors appear to be more responsible for risk perception and attitudes to risk in the disaster affected populations. The relocation of the Lake Nyos disaster survivors back to the disaster area and the nonrelocation of Njindoum residents within the vicinity of Lake Monoum indicate that both lakes are not considered to be a prohibitively serious threat. Analysis of relocation decisions shows that motivations for relocation are caused mainly by social, economic and cultural factors, which arise from resettlement. Based on the research findings, a new disaster model is presented that shows the linkages, influences and interaction between Relocation Decisions and Disaster Management, Risk Perception and Vulnerability.

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Dhanhani, Hamdan Al Ghasyah. "Evaluation of the response capability of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the impact of natural hazards". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/241787.

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The UAE is an Islamic state which has undergone dramatic urbanisation in the last 30 years. It is situated near the eastern margin of the Arabian tectonic plate, close to the seismically active collision zone between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, marked by the Zagros Mountain belt of Iran. In the UAE the population of Dibba in Fujairah has felt tremors as recently as November 26 2009 and an earthquake with a magnitude (M) of 5 occurred in Masafi, Fujairah, in March 2002. The most recent earthquake was M 4.3, and awareness of seismic hazard is increasing. In addition to earthquakes, rapid heavy rainfall in the arid environment of the UAE typically results in high level of discharge and flooding. Tropical storms have also struck the Indian Ocean coast of the UAE and have caused damage in coastal areas. The impact of natural hazard events in Fujairah since 1995 and the responses of the authorities and affected communities illustrates the issues faced by the country and is discussed in this thesis. The Federal Plan to face disasters in the UAE prepared by the Civil Defence sets out the role of the government structures in the UAE to manage disasters with particular reference to the Ministry of Interior, which is the responsible body. A survey of UAE ministries and the Civil Defence shows that in practice there is a lack of clarity between the roles of government bodies and there are many areas of confusion regarding jurisdiction and responsibility between the federal and individual emirate institutions. It was a concern that some supporting ministries were unaware of their role as set out in the overall plan. There is lack of evidence of an integrated approach and no testing of effectiveness of emergency procedures through simulation exercises. It is recognised that, not only are school children particularly vulnerable to natural disasters but also that education is an important mitigation tool through raising awareness of hazard exposure amongst the population. A survey of schools in Fujairah showed that there was little preparation for natural disasters and no framework to address this issue or to ensure the structural integrity of school buildings. The survey revealed that there is a willingness to learn among the school children and this was followed up by a pilot scheme to raise awareness. This is important as the survey also revealed that traditional views about losses are still common amongst parents, particularly in rural areas. The vulnerability of the communities to natural hazards is strongly influenced by social and cultural factors. A survey was undertaken of the population of the UAE to investigate their awareness of natural hazards, their perception of risk and how this might be mitigated. The survey revealed a low level awareness and what the role of government agencies would be in the event of a disaster. A majority considered that disasters were Acts of God, a punishment, and that the most effective way to mitigate risk was through religious observance. It is clear that even in a developed Islamic country an effective response to mitigate risk needs to recognise and address the cultural and religious contexts. Finally the thesis evaluates the response capability of the UAE to the impact of natural hazards. This analysis shows that though there is a Federal Plan for Disasters there is little specific focus on natural hazards. Ministries not directly involved with the Civil Defence were sometimes unclear regarding their roles. At an operational level there is lack of clarity regarding responsibilities and lines of authority between different bodies and between Federal and emirate structures. The Civil Defence was very much focussed on response with little effort devoted to reducing vulnerability through awareness-raising, hazard assessment and monitoring. These need to be addressed to minimise the risk from natural disasters.

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Collier, Benjamin L. "Financial Inclusion and Natural Disasters". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/14.

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This dissertation explores the implications of natural disaster risk for access to financial services, especially credit. Its results show that disasters can dramatically undermine the ability of financial intermediaries (FIs) to lend after an event, increasing the cost of the disaster and delaying recovery. Moreover, the risk of natural disasters discourages investment in vulnerable regions and economic sectors and so slows economic development. Financial risk transfer mechanisms such as insurance can help maintain lending following an event. While many international development projects have targeted disaster insurance markets to households, managing disaster-related credit risk may be done more effectively through insurance products for FIs. Additionally, prudential supervision and the credit risk rating methods of investors in developing and emerging economies are dominated by developed country standards that overlook natural disaster risks. Public and private interests align in the need to tailor such standards and so enhance the effectiveness with which vulnerable FIs manage disaster risk.

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Olauson, Jon. "Wind Power and Natural Disasters". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225573.

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Wind power can be related to natural disasters in several ways. This licentiate thesis gives some background and introduces four papers devoted to two aspects of this relation. The first section looks into how small-scale wind energy converters (WECs) could be used to generate power after a natural disaster. For this application diesel generators are the most common solution today, but there would be several advantages of replacing these systems. A study of off-grid systems with battery storage at 32 sites showed that photovoltaics (PV) were more suitable than WECs. The results were confirmed by a study for the entire globe; PV outperformed WECs at most sites when it comes to small-scale application. This is especially true for areas with a high disaster risk. Hybrid systems comprising both PV and WECs are however interesting at higher latitudes. For the Swedish case, it is shown that gridded data from a freely available meteorological model, combined with a statistical model, give good estimates of the mean wind speed at 10 meters above ground. This methodology of estimating the mean wind speed can be used when there is no time for a proper wind measurement campaign. The second section is directed towards wind power variability and integration. The results presented in the thesis are intended as a basis for future studies on how a substantially increased wind power capacity affects the electric grid in terms of stability, grid reinforcement requirements, increased balancing needs etc. A review of variability and forecastability for non-dispatchable renewable energy sources was performed together with researchers from the solar, wave and tidal power fields. Although a lot of research is conducted in these areas, it was concluded that more studies on combinations of the sources would be desirable. The disciplines could also learn from each other and benefit from the use of more unified methods and metrics. A model of aggregated hourly wind power production has finally been developed. The model is based on reanalysis data from a meteorological model and detailed information on Swedish WECs. The model proved very successful, both in terms of low prediction errors and in the match of probability density function for power and step changes of power.
Vindkraft kan relateras till naturkatastrofer på flera olika sätt. Den här licentiat\-avhandlingen ger bakgrund till och introducerar fyra artiklar som beskriver två aspekter av detta samband. I den första avdelningen undersöks hur småskalig vindkraft skulle kunna användas för att generera el efter en naturkatastrof. I dagsläget är det dieselaggregat som används för detta ändamål, men det skulle finnas stora fördelar med att övergå till förnybara system. En studie av 32 platser (myndigheten MSB:s utlandsstationeringar augusti 2012) visade att solceller var mer lämpade än vindkraftverk. Resultaten bekräftades av en studie för hela världen; solceller ger billigare system än småskaliga vindkraftverk för de flesta platser, inte minst om man tittar på områden som är utsatta för naturkatastrofer. Hybridsystem med både solceller och vindkraftverk var dock intressanta på högre breddgrader. För Sverige så visas det att data från en fritt tillgängliga meteorologisk modell tillsammans med en statistisk korrigering beroende på terrängtyp ger bra uppskattningar av medelvinden på 10 meters höjd. Den föreslagna metodiken kan vara användbar som ett komplement till vindmätningar eller om det inte finns tid eller möjlighet till en riktig mätkampanj. Den andra avdelningen är inriktad mot vindens variabilitet och integrering av vindkraft i kraftsystemet. De resultat som presenteras i denna avhandling är tänkta som en bas för framtida studier av hur en kraftigt ökad andel vindkraft påverkar elsystemet med avseende på stabilitet, nödvändiga nätförstärkningar, ökade krav på balanskraft etc. En översiktsstudie av variabilitet och prognosbarhet för intermittenta förnybara energikällor gjordes tillsammans med forskare inom sol-, våg och tidvattenkraft. Även om mycket forskning pågår inom dessa områden så var en slutsats att mer studier för kombinationer av olika källor skulle vara önskvärt. Forskare inom de olika disciplinerna skulle också kunna lära från varandra och dra fördel av gemensamma metoder och mått. Slutligen har en modell av aggregerad timvis vindkraftproduktion tagits fram. Modellen baseras på data från en meteorologisk modell samt detaljerad information om vindkraftverk i Sverige. Modellen visade sig vara mycket träffsäker, både vad gäller låga prediktionsfel och i överensstämmelse av sannolikhetsfördelning av effekt och stegförändring av timvis effekt.

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Keerthiratne, Wendala Gamaralalage Subhani Sulochana. "Economic impact of natural disasters". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70405/.

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Al, Marzooqi Ahmed. "Disaster risk reduction in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates : effects of natural and non-natural disasters over business continuity and sustainability". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC061/document.

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Les catastrophes sont les produits d'une étroite relation entre les hommes et la nature. Le développement économique et social contribue à accroitre fortement la vulnérabilité aux catastrophes. Au-delà des motivations qui sont les siennes, les êtres humains ont élaboré des méthodes pour minimiser les effets désastreux de cette relation. De ce fait, étudier les risques associés aux catastrophes naturelles et non-naturelles permet de trouver des méthodes adaptées au suivi et à la gestion des risques tant concernant les facteurs naturels que les facteurs non-naturels. Cette recherche a pour but d'analyser la manière avec laquelle les processus de gestion des risques de catastrophes ont été mis en place dans l'émirat d'Abu Dhabi, aux Emirats Arabes Unis, par les différentes institutions responsables, qu'elles soient publiques ou privées. La vulnérabilité des Emirats Arabes Unis aux catastrophes s'accroit avec l'importance du développement des activités industrielles dans la période actuelle. De plus, les désastres liés à des mouvements tectoniques et aux phénomènes climatiques sont devenus très fréquents dans le pays. Au cours des années actuelles, différents types de catastrophes ont affecté la population des Emirats Arabes Unis et impacté les ressources des agences intergouvernementales qui sont chargés de la gestion des situations d'urgence en cas de catastrophes. L'étude permet de tirer différentes conclusions sur le fonctionnement du système de prévention et de gestion des risques dans l'émirats d'Abu Dhabi et aux Emirats Arabes Unis, mettant en avant les difficultés rencontrées pour la mise en place de réponses parfaitement adaptées aux problèmes rencontrés. Différentes recommandations sont enfin élaborées pour aller plus loin dans la réflexion sur la réduction et la gestion des risques naturels et non-naturels et sur l'élaboration de mesures adéquates. Il apparait alors que les procédures d'urgence mises en place à l'échelle nationale, mais aussi régionale, celle du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe, sont les facteurs essentiels de la réduction ou au contraire de l'accentuation de l'impact des catastrophes dans le territoire étudié
Disasters are produced by a vigorous mankind interaction with nature. Social and economic development are major contributors to increasing disasters' vulnerability, Regardless of its various motivators, human beings have sought methods to minimize its devastating effects. Therefore, studying risks associated to natural and non-natural disasters provides means that could be utilized in the forecasting and management of risks on both natural and non-natural sides. This research aims to analyze how disaster risk management process has been built in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate, by the different stakeholders in charge whether on public or private actors. The UAE vulnerability to disasters is increasing with the huge development industrial activities taking place at the present. Furthermore, tectonic and weather related disasters are becoming very common in the UAE. Different types of disasters affect the UAE population and stretch the government and inter- agency resources as they all respond to the emergencies. The study came across many conclusions in regards to UAE continuous system of risk assessment and risk management. Many recommendations are listed for further investigation and implementation Finally, the national and regional emergency procedures are key factors to mitigate or increase disasters' impact on regions

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Prevatte, Darren R. "Catastrophic risks and mitigation measures around the world". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/prevatted/darrenprevatte.pdf.

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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus. "Natural Disasters and Human Capital Accumulation". Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhq008.

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The empirical literature on the relationship between natural disaster risk and investment in education is inconclusive. Model averaging methods in a framework of crosscountry and panel regressions show an extremely robust negative partial correlation between secondary school enrollment and natural disaster risk. This result is driven exclusively by geologic disasters. Exposure to natural disaster risk is a robust determinant of differences in secondary school enrollment between countries but not necessarily within countries Natural disasters, human capital, education, school enrollment, Bayesian model averaging.

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41

Traczykowski, Lauren. "The ethics of natural disaster intervention". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7773/.

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Natural disasters are social disruptions triggered by physical events. Every year, hundreds of natural disasters occur and tens of thousands of people are killed as a result. I maintain that everyone would want to be provided with assistance in the aftermath a natural disaster. If a national government is not providing post disaster assistance, then we expect that some other institution has the responsibility to provide it. Unfortunately, that is not the case currently. Therefore, in this thesis I argue that in some situations the international community is required to intervene on behalf of those affected by the disaster caused by a natural hazard. Natural disaster intervention is a moral requirement: because the international community has a duty to provide the goods we are entitled to as per the human right to welfare, even in natural disaster scenarios. After making my argument as to why a natural disaster intervention policy should be developed I explain the basic principles of such a policy by applying the Just War criteria to natural disaster scenarios in which a national government is unable or unwilling to provide assistance to its people.

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42

Heidelk, Tillmann. "Education, labor markets, and natural disasters". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304527.

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This thesis explores the entire cycle of education, from initial access to schooling, over degree completion, to returns to education. Despite recent gains in increasing access, an tens of millions of children worldwide are still out of school. Abolishing school fees has increased enrollment rates in several countries where enrollments were low and fees were high. However, such policies may be less effective, or even have negative consequences, when supply-side responses are weak. The first part of the thesis evaluates the impacts of a tuition waiver program in Haiti, which provided public financing to nonpublic schools conditional on not charging tuition. The chapter concludes that school's participation in the program results in more students enrolled, more staff, and slightly higher student-teacher ratios. The program also reduces grade repetition and the share of overage students. While the increase in students does not directly equate to a reduction in the number of children out of school, it does demonstrate strong demand from families for the program and a correspondingly strong supply response from the nonpublic sector.Pertaining degree completion, it is well established that natural disasters can have a negative effect on human capital accumulation. However, a comparison of the differential impacts of distinct disaster classes is missing. Using census data and information from DesInventar and EMDAT, two large disaster databases, the second part of the thesis assesses how geological disasters and climatic shocks affect the upper secondary degree attainment of adolescents. The chapter focuses on Mexico, given its diverse disaster landscape and lack of obligatory upper secondary education over the observed time period. While all disaster types are found to impede attainment, climatic disasters that are not infrastructure-destructive (e.g. droughts) have the strongest negative effect, decreasing educational expansion by over 40%. The effects seem largely driven by demand-side changes such as increases in school dropouts and fertility, especially for young women. The results may also be influenced by deteriorated parental labor market outcomes. Supply-side effects appear to be solely driven by infrastructure-destructive climatic shocks (e.g. floods). These findings thus call for differential public measures according to specific disaster types and an enhanced attention to climatic events given their potentially stronger impact on younger generations.It is also widely appreciated that natural disasters can have negative impacts on local labor market outcomes. However, the study of differential types of negative capital shocks, the underlying labor market mechanisms, and the context of the poorest countries have been neglected. Following testable predictions of economic theory, the third part of the thesis exploits the exogenous variation of destruction of human and physical capital caused by the 2010 Haiti earthquake to disentangle the differential impact on local individual monetary returns to education. Employing individual-level survey data from before and after the earthquake the chapter finds that the returns decreased on average by 37%, especially in equipment-capital intensive industry. Higher educated individuals adjust into low-paying self-employment or agriculture. The returns are particularly shock-sensitive for urban residents, migrants, males, and people over age 25.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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43

Goussebaile, Arnaud. "Prevention and insurance of natural disasters". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX014/document.

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Les pertes économiques liées aux catastrophes naturelles ont augmenté dans le monde plus rapidement que le PIB les trente dernières années en raison d’un accroissement de population et d’un faible niveau de prévention dans les régions exposées. De plus, seulement un tiers de ces pertes sont assurées et la faible pénétration de l’assurance génère des chocs de richesse pour les populations affectées. Dans ce contexte et dans la perspective du changement climatique, réduire les pertes liées aux catastrophes naturelles et accroître la couverture d’assurance sont devenus des enjeux majeurs pour nos sociétés, qui sont abordés dans la présente thèse. Les faibles niveaux de prévention et d’assurance peuvent s’expliquer par les nombreuses imperfections de marché et les politiques publiques déficientes, comme l’explique le chapitre introductif de la thèse. Il est nécessaire de mieux comprendre ces problèmes de marché et le rôle des politiques publiques afin de les améliorer. Le chapitre 2 s’intéresse aux choix de prévention dans le contexte du développement des villes. A l’aide d’un modèle d’économie urbaine, il montre que des zones plus risquées sont développées près du centre-ville que loin du centre-ville, l’investissement dans la résilience des bâtiments permet de développer des villes plus concentrées et les zones plus risquées sont moins densément peuplées et génèrent plus de prévention. De plus, les subventions à l’assurance mènent à une exposition excessive aux risques à travers une augmentation de la densité dans les zones les plus risquées et une baisse générale de la résilience. Cette analyse illustre les effets négatifs des subventions et le rôle que peuvent jouer les politiques publiques urbaines telles que les restrictions de densité ou les codes de construction. Les chapitres suivants abordent la problématique du partage des risques dans le contexte de corrélation des risques, caractéristique majeure des risques de catastrophes naturelles. A l’aide d’un modèle d’économie avec risques individuels potentiellement corrélés, le chapitre 3 démontre qu’une allocation Pareto-optimale des risques peut être atteinte avec des compagnies d’assurance en compétition et un nombre restreint d’actifs financiers. Ce résultat, qui est valide sans imperfections de marché, nécessite en particulier que les agents soient entièrement responsables pour les contrats signés dans chaque état de la nature. En pratique, pour limiter les défauts de paiement dans les états catastrophiques, les politiques publiques requièrent que les agents aient des réserves financières. Les chapitres 4 et 5 s’intéressent à la problématique de la corrélation des risques quand ces réserves sont coûteuses. Le chapitre 4 étudie comment la probabilité d’un risque affecte le choix de couverture d’individus exposés. Il montre que les individus sont plus enclins à s’assurer pour les faibles probabilités que pour les grandes avec des coûts standard d’assurance, mais que le résultat est inversé quand des coûts dus aux réserves financières sont ajoutés. Le chapitre 5 analyse la forme optimale des contrats d’assurance quand les risques individuels sont corrélés dans une communauté. Il démontre que le contrat optimal consiste en une assurance partielle contre le risque individuel, avec une couverture plus faible dans les états catastrophiques que dans les états normaux, plus potentiellement des dividendes dans les états normaux. Le dernier chapitre conclut en ouvrant sur de nouvelles questions de recherche liées à la prévention et à l’assurance des catastrophes naturelles
World economic losses due to natural disasters have increased faster than GDP in the last three decades because risky regions have sustained growing population and low prevention measures. Moreover, only a third of these losses are insured and the low penetration of insurance generates undesirable wealth fluctuation for affected population. In this context and in the perspective of climate change, reducing natural disaster losses and increasing insurance coverage have become main challenges for our societies, which are addressed in the present thesis. Low current levels of prevention measures and insurance coverage can be explained by the numerous market imperfections and poorly designed public policies, as detailed in the introductive chapter of the dissertation. It is thus crucial to better understand these market failures and the role of public policies to improve both of them. Chapter 2 investigates preventive behaviors in the context of city development. By featuring an urban model, it shows that riskier areas are developed nearer to the city center than further away, investment in building resilience leads to more concentrated cities and riskier areas get lower household density and higher building resilience. Moreover, insurance subsidy leads to risk over-exposure through increase of density in the riskiest areas and general decrease of resilience. This analysis highlights the negative effects of subsidization and the role that can be played by urban policies such as density restrictions and building codes. The following chapters deal with risk sharing in the context of risk correlation, a main feature of natural disaster risks. In a model of a risky economy with potential risk dependence between individuals, chapter 3 shows that Pareto optimal allocation of risks can be reached thanks to stock insurance companies in competition and a reduced number of financial assets. This result, which is valid without market imperfections, requires in particular that agents be fully liable for their contracts in each state of nature. In practice, to limit the default on liabilities in catastrophic states, public policies require agents to secure financial reserves. Chapters 4 and 5 investigate the issue of risk correlation when securing financial reserves is costly. Chapter 4 analyzes how the probability of a risk affects the purchase of insurance by risk-exposed individuals. It demonstrates that individuals are more inclined to insure for low-probability risks than for high-probability risks with standard insurance costs, but result is reversed when reserve related costs are added. Chapter 5 examines the optimal design of insurance contracts when individual risks are correlated in a community. It shows that the optimal contract consists in partial insurance against individual risk, with a lower indemnity in catastrophic states than in normal states, and potentially some dividend in normal states. The last chapter concludes by opening on further possible research related to prevention and insurance of natural disasters

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44

Watson, Beth Eleanor. "Reconceptualising Disasters: Lessons from the Samoan Experience". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1424.

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In the early nineties Samoa was hit by two major cyclones, Cyclone Ofa (1990) and Cyclone Val (1991), which caused significant damage and devastation. Although it is more than 15 years since these cyclones, they still factor in people's lives and have impacted on the way individuals and organisations conceptualise disasters in Samoa. The incidence of disasters is increasing globally and Pacific Island nations face ongoing and increasing vulnerability to the impacts of such disasters at both community and national levels. Disasters can result in short and long-term social, economic and environmental consequences and, as Ofa and Val illustrate, entire community survival and livelihood systems can be severely disrupted by a single disaster. As a consequence, disasters continue to pose significant threats to sustainable development in the Pacific region. Villagers from the eastern coast of Savai'i, and Government and NGO agencies in Apia were interviewed during six weeks of fieldwork in Samoa. These interviews and insights gained from participant observation, as well as secondary materials such as maps and official reports are used to explore the ways in which people make sense of disaster and hazard risk in their daily lives and the ways in which their belief-systems (cultural, religious etc.) result in very different understandings of disasters and disaster risk. Building on a growing body of critical disaster literature, this thesis explores the ways in which disasters are more than 'natural' events. It examines the ways in which they are socially constructed, resulting from human actions, rather than 'freak natural events'. This approach challenges dominant understandings of disasters which often underpin disaster planning at both national and regional level, and are often characterised by technical 'fixes'. In contrast, this thesis argues for more locally appropriate understandings of 'disasters' and for the importance of placing disaster events within the context of people's everyday lives and broader development priorities.

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45

Garcia, Sharon Louise. "THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A STUDY OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2002t00032/00Garcia.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 150 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-149).

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46

Christoffersson, Moa. "Climate Change Adaptation as Disaster Risk Reduction : A global study of the relationship between exposure to natural hazards and climate change adaptation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431519.

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In this thesis, I conduct a global event-data study investigating the relationship between exposure to natural hazards and climate change adaptation. Exposure to natural hazards has previously been linked to actions aimed at reducing risks related to future natural hazards. With climate change, and predicted increase in hazard frequency and intensity, a feasible approach to risk mitigation is climate change adaptation, which can thus be considered a disaster risk reduction strategy. I investigate the effects of disaster frequency and severity on the amount of climate change adaptation actions taken on a subnational level of government, using disaster data from the International Disaster Database (EM-DAT) and data on adaptation actions from CDP. Disaster severity is operationalised in three separate ways to distinguish between different kinds of disaster impacts: in terms of (1) economic damage, (2) how many are affected, and (3) fatalities. I hypothesise that all independent variables are positively related to climate change adaptation, and test the hypotheses using OLS regression. The result depicts a positive correlation between the number of disasters experienced and adaptation actions. I do not see a positive relationship between climate change adaptation actions and the two impact variables total affected and total fatalities. The relationship between economic damages and adaptation actions indicates that economic damages could have different impacts depending on the level of economic development in a country. This study contributes to the integration of the two research fields climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction by studying climate change adaptation as a form of disaster risk reduction, and deepening the knowledge of what can drive adaptation. Finally, this study contributes by showing that the level of economic development could be an important aspect of the exposure-adaptation relationship.

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47

Mechler, Reinhard. "Natural disaster risk management and financing disaster losses in developing countries /". Karlsruhe : VVW, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39236264t.

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48

An, Gie Yong. "A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Natural Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception amongst Immigrants: A Multi-Method Inquiry". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37007.

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To increase disaster preparedness in immigrants, risk communication and management need to be tailored to their needs and concerns. To this end, research needs to uncover how immigrants construe natural disaster risks and issues in the context of the receiving community’s social environment, and how their experiences compared to the general population. The goal of this thesis was to understand how risk perception and the social environment relate to immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ disaster preparedness. The relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness was investigated in the first study. Analyses of the data from a national survey revealed that both groups shared three core risk perception dimensions: external responsibility for disaster management, self-preparedness responsibility, and illusiveness of preparedness. However, they differed in the salience of five risk perception beliefs. For both groups, external responsibility for disaster management and self-preparedness responsibility were positively associated with preparedness behaviours, whereas illusiveness of preparedness was negatively related to preparedness behaviours. In the second study, the relationship between community social capital and individuals’ preparedness behaviours was investigated. Analyses of two conceptually-linked national surveys revealed that neighbourhood contact and societal trust predicted during-disaster preparedness behaviours in both groups. Interestingly, societal trust positively predicted emergency planning in Canadian-born individuals but the reverse was true for immigrants. To provide a comprehensive social-ecological perspective, twenty-two individual interviews were conducted to explore immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ lived experiences of natural disaster risks and issues. A unifying thread across five emergent themes showed that individuals did not perceive natural disaster risks as a valid threat and disaster preparedness as relevant to their daily lives because they believed that the positive social environment in Canada would mitigate the risks. For immigrants, the immigrant condition and culture shaped how they construed natural disaster risks and issues. Overall, findings suggest that risk communication and management need to focus on building human capital and social capital, use an all-of-society engagement approach, and reframe all-hazards preparedness as relevant for daily stressors. Specific for immigrants, disaster initiatives need to be tailored to the timeline of experience of being an immigrant within the context of their receiving communities.

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49

NASCIMENTO, Kayo Renato da Silva. "Gerenciamento de riscos em desastres naturais: diagnóstico do contexto atual baseado numa revisão sistemática da literatura sobre eventos da Natech". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17426.

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Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T16:34:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação.pdf: 1712072 bytes, checksum: 3d39945997a8f7b46f9a4c77600b922a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T16:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação.pdf: 1712072 bytes, checksum: 3d39945997a8f7b46f9a4c77600b922a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11
FACEPE
Os grandes impactos causados pela ocorrência dos eventos naturais em plantas industriais em todo o mundo tem feito com que este campo de estudo ganhe destaque nos últimos anos dado as perdas financeiras, humanas e ambientais que este tipo de evento pode acarretar. Os eventos provenientes de desastres naturais que proporcionam desastres tecnológicos são conhecidos como desastres/eventos Natech. Os eventos Natech apesar da baixa probabilidade de ocorrência apresentam grandes impactos e um nível de complexidade superior ao encontrado no gerenciamento de desastres naturais ou tecnológicos. Devido à necessidade de gerir vários tipos de riscos e dada a natureza finita dos recursos é necessário priorizar os riscos mais elevados e para auxiliar nessa análise dos riscos, é fundamental a utilização de ferramentas e metodologias que proporcionarão uma melhor compreensão dos desastres/eventos Natech. Neste sentido, é realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura (Systematic Literature Review – SLR) sobre eventos Natech, levando em conta especificamente, trabalhos publicados em periódicos científicos. Vários tipos de classificações dos dados analisados são apresentados neste trabalho com o intuito de prover informação mais detalhada acerca de aspectos considerados no estudo. Esta pesquisa identificou a frequência de publicações dos eventos Natech, as revistas científicas e instituições que mais contribuíram sobre tema e os tipos de desastres naturais e setores da indústria mais abordados nos trabalhos avaliados, como também os tipos de ferramentas e metodologias utilizadas no gerenciamento destes riscos provendo informações relevantes para análises futuras e contribuindo para elucidação acerca do tema para a sociedade.
The great impacts caused by the occurrence of natural events in industrial plants around the world have made this field of study to gain prominence in recent years given the financial, human and environmental losses that this type of event can bring. The events arising from natural disasters that provide technological disasters are known as Natech disaster/events. The Natech events in spite of low probability of occurrence have large impacts and a higher level of complexity to that found in the management of natural and technological disasters. Due to the need to manage several types of risk and given the finite nature of resources is necessary to prioritize the higher risks and to assist in the analysis of the risks, it is essential to use tools and methodologies that will provide a better understanding of Natech disasters/events. In this sense, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is performed on Natech events, taking into account specifically, papers published in scientific journals. Several types of classifications of the analyzed data is presented this work in order to provide more detailed information about aspects considered in the study. This research has identified the frequency of publications of Natech events, scientific magazines and institutions that contributed to the theme and the types of natural disasters and industry sectors most discussed in this work, as well as the types of tools and methodologies used in the management of these risk giving relevant information for further analysis and contributing to elucidate the subject for society.

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50

Kalish, Alexander P. "The Effect of Natural Disasters on Volunteerism". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/916.

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The power of natural disasters to significantly and drastically alter the lives of the people they touch is vast, and the response rate of the provided aid can be the difference between a successful recovery and not. This study examines the relationship between natural disasters and volunteerism. The analysis makes use of panel data measurements on volunteer rate and volunteer hours per resident as well as FEMA measurements of major natural disasters from 2005 – 2012. I find that states that experience a natural disaster in the current year experience a significant and positive increase in volunteer rate in the year following the disaster. The findings highlight the importance of policy focused on harnessing volunteer labor in the wake of natural disasters.

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