Tesis: "Double truck"

1

Pellegrini, Filippo. "An armored truck cab design : Case study: investigation of selected steel grades". Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281532.

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This study aimed at defining useful guidelines for the design of an armored truck cab. Particularly, the quality and performance of ballistic steel were defined, considering not too high demanding requirements. Two steel grades, corresponding to hardness of 500 HB and 600 HB, and three different suppliers were selected. After dividing the truck cab into main areas, a FEM simulation was performed. The investigated model considered a specific standardized threat to impact against a double layer steel protection. Due to the high strain rates involved, the formation of adiabatic shear bands has been observed. However, the main purpose of the model was to find an ultimate thickness protection layout of armored steel plates. Thereby, the thicknesses to be attributed to the various components of the main areas could be estimated. Two alternatives were therefore hypothesized: the first considering the critical thickness case of penetration, and the second, an oversized version, supposed to be more resistant to penetration. It was thus possible to estimate the weight of the truck cab for the two above mentioned alternatives, and verify such hypothesized weight complied with the assigned requirement. A possible cutting operation was then considered in order to optimize the use of the steel plates. An estimation of the pre-series production costs of was finally derived.
Denna studie gjorde det möjligt att definiera användbara indikatorer och följa en möjlig multitasking-strategi för utformningen av en bepansrad lastbilshytt. Fallstudien syftade till att definiera kvalitet och prestanda av stål, vilket är ett av de vanligaste materialen för skydd, främst i de fall där kraven inte är så stora. Två stålkvaliteter motsvarande hårdhetsvärdena 500 HB och 600 HB valdes från var och en av tre materialleverantörer. Efter att ha delat upp truckhytten i några huvudområden startades en FEM-simulering med programvara från Impetus Afea. Modellen behandlade ett specifikt hot som var större än det önskade kravet på ett dubbelskiktsskydd. På grund av de inblandade höga deformationshastigheterna har bildningen av adiabatiska skjuvband observerats. Huvudsyftet med modellen var emellertid att hitta en ultimat skyddslayout för tjockleken, så att de tjocklekar som skulle tillskrivas de olika komponenterna i huvudområdena kunde härledas. Två alternativ antogs därför, det ena med tanke på den ultimata tjockleken och den andra med tanke på en skyddslayout som antas vara mer motståndskraftig mot penetrering. Det var således möjligt att uppskatta hyttens vikt för de två alternativen och kontrollera att den uppfyllde de fastställda kraven. Därefter övervägdes en möjlig skäroperation för att optimera användandet av de tillgängliga stålplattorna.

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2

Ramsay, Euan Douglas. "Assessment and reduction of the impacts of large freight vehicles on urban traffic corridor performance". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16424/.

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Increasing demand for road freight has lead to a widespread adoption of more-productive large freight vehicles (LFVs), such as B-Doubles, by Australia's road freight industry. Individual LFVs have a greater potential to impact traffic efficiency through their greater length and poorer longitudinal performance. However, this is offset to an extent as fewer vehicles are required to perform a given freight task on a tonne-km basis. This research has developed a means of characterising the effects that large freight vehicles have on the performance of an urban arterial corridor managed by signalised intersections. A corridor-level microsimulation model was developed from first principles, which modelled the longitudinal performance of individual vehicles to a greater accuracy than most existing traffic simulation software does. The model was calibrated from traffic counts and GPS-equipped chase car surveys conducted on an urban arterial corridor in Brisbane's southern suburbs. The model was applied to various freight policy and traffic management scenarios, including freight vehicle mode choice, lane utilisation and traffic signal settings; as well as the effectiveness of green time extension for approaching heavy vehicles. Benefits were able to be quantified in terms of reduced travel times and stop rates for both heavy and light vehicles in urban arterial corridors.

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3

袁志勤 y Chi-kan Yuen. "A double-track greedy algorithm for VLSI channel routing". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220241.

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4

Yuen, Chi-kan. "A double-track greedy algorithm for VLSI channel routing /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19656373.

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5

Lindfeldt, Olov. "Quality on single-track railway lines with passenger traffic : Anlytical model for evaluation of crossing stations and partial double-tracks". Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4560.

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Railway transportation is showing a substantial increase. Investments in new infrastructure, new fast and comfortable vehicles, and high frequency of service are important factors behind the increase.

Infrastructure configuration and timetable construction play important roles in the competitiveness of railway transportation. This is especially true on single-track lines where the travel times and other timetable related parameters are severely restricted by crossings (train meetings). The crossings also make the lines’ operation more sensitive to disturbances.

Since the major part of the Swedish railway network is single-track it is of great interest to examine the relationships between operation properties, such as travel times and reliability, and infrastructure configuration on single-track lines. The crossings are the core feature of single-track operation and this thesis focuses on the crossing time, i.e. the time loss that occurs in crossing situations.

A simplified analytical model, SAMFOST, has been developed to calculate the crossing time as a function of infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, timetable and delays for two crossing trains. The effect of possible surrounding trains is not taken into account and all kinds of congestion effects are thus excluded from evaluation. SAMFOST has been successfully validated against the simulation tool RailSys, which shows that this type of simplified model is accurate in non-congested situations.

A great advantage of disregarding congested situations is that analysis is independent of timetable assumptions. The model also explicitly shows the effect of punctuality, which is of particular importance on single-track lines where the interdependencies between trains are strengthened by the crossings.

For the same reason, the timetable is severely constrained. Nonetheless, there is often a need for changes of the timetable (crossing pattern). The thesis proposes three simple measures of timetable flexibility, all based on assigned crossing time requirements. Together, these measures can be used to evaluate how infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, punctuality etc affect possibilities to alter the timetable.

As an example of its application, SAMFOST has been used to evaluate the effect of shorter inter-station distance, partial double-track and combined crossing and passenger stop. These measures affect the operational properties quite differently.

More crossing stations result in a minor decrease in travel time (lower mean crossing time) but significantly higher reliability (lower crossing time variance). These effects are independent of punctuality, which is a valuable property.

A partial double-track results in shorter travel times and in some cases also higher reliability. Both effects are strongly dependent on punctuality and high punctuality is needed to achieve high effects.

A combined crossing and passenger stop results in a situation similar to that of a partial double-track. In this case it is important to point out that the assignment of time supplements in the timetable should be directly correlated to punctuality in order to achieve good operation.

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6

Thomas, Jossian y Barenys Assís Arañó. "Evaluation of 3D dynamic effects induced by high-speed trains on double-track slab bridges". Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188850.

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In addition to a static design, a dynamic analysis has to be performed for bridges for which the maximum permissible train speed exceeds 200 km/h. This analysis requires a lot of computing time, for this reason Svedholm and Andersson (2016) have developed a simple tool describing the relationship between the first eigenfrequency of the bridge, the span length and the minimum mass to fulfill the regulation specified in EN-1990. However, these diagrams are based on 2D beam models in which the 3D dynamic effects are not considered. An evaluation of the torsional modes has been performed by analyzing parametrized 3D bridge models, in order to obtain design diagrams including these effects. To do so, a frequency domain analysis has been implemented, based on a steadystate step previously performed in a FEM software. This approach provides a fast way to solve the equation of motion due to the Fourier transform properties, and allows applying several load configurations which are convenient for a parametric study. From this analysis it can be concluded that the thickness to fulfill the demands is larger for 3D models than for 2D. On one hand, contribution of torsional modes of vibration is more significant for the shortest span length, and on the other hand shear-lag effects lead to a reduction of the total resisting bending section.

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7

Thellman, Jonas. "Vehicle Dynamics Testing in Advanced DrivingSimulators Using a Single Track Model". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79397.

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The purpose of this work is to investigate if simple vehicle models are realisticand useful in simulator environment. These simple models have been parametrisedby the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linköping University and havebeen validated with good results. The models have been implemented in a simulatorenvironment and a simulator study was made with 24 participants. Eachtest person drove both slalom and double lane change manoeuvres with the simplemodels and with VTI’s advanced model. The test persons were able to successfullycomplete double lane changes for higher velocities with the linear tyre modelcompared to both the non-linear tyre model and the advanced model. The wholestudy shows that aggressive driving of a simple vehicle model with non-linear tyredynamics is perceived to be quite similar to an advanced model. It is noted significantdifferences between the simple models and the advanced model when drivingunder normal circumstances, e.g. lack of motion cueing in the simple model suchas pitch and roll.

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8

Lindfeldt, Olov. "Railway operation analysis : Evaluation of quality, infrastructure and timetable on single and double-track lines with analytical models and simulation". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Trafik och Logistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12727.

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This thesis shows the advantages of simple models for analysis of railway operation. It presents two tools for infrastructure and timetable planning. It shows how the infrastructure can be analysed through fictive line designs, how the timetable can be treated as a variable and how delays can be used as performance measures. The thesis also gives examples of analyses of complex traffic situations through simulation experiments. Infrastructure configuration, timetable design and delays play important roles in the competitiveness of railway transportation. This is especially true on single-track lines where the run times and other timetable related parameters are severely restricted by crossings (train meetings). The first half of this thesis focuses on the crossing time, i.e. the time loss that occurs in crossing situations. A simplified analytical model, SAMFOST, has been developed to calculate the crossing time as a function of infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, timetable and delays for two crossing trains. Three measures of timetable flexibility are proposed and they can be used to evaluate how infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, punctuality etc affect possibilities to alter the timetable. Double-track lines operated with mixed traffic show properties similar to those of single-tracks. In this case overtakings imply scheduled delays as well as risk of delay propagation. Two different methods are applied for analysis of double-tracks: a combinatorial, mathematical model (TVEM) and simulation experiments. TVEM, Timetable Variant Evaluation Model, is a generic model that systematically generates and evaluates timetable variants. This method is especially useful for mixed traffic operation where the impact of the timetable is considerable. TVEM may also be used for evaluation of different infrastructure designs. Analyses performed in TVEM show that the impact on capacity from the infrastructure increases with speed differences and frequency of service for the passenger trains, whereas the impact of the timetable is strongest when the speed differences are low and/or the frequency of passenger services is low. Simulation experiments were performed to take delays and perturbations into account. A simulation model was set up in the micro simulation tool RailSys and calibrated against real operational data. The calibrated model was used for multi-factor analysis through experiments where infrastructure, timetable and perturbation factors were varied according to an experimental design and evaluated through response surface methods. The additional delay was used as response variable. Timetable factors, such as frequency of high-speed services and freight train speed, turned out to be of great importance for the additional delay, whereas some of the perturbation factors, i.e. entry delays, only showed a minor impact. The infrastructure factor, distance between overtaking stations, showed complex relationships with several interactions, principally with timetable factors.
QC20100622
Framtida infrastruktur och kvalitet i tågföring

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9

Lee, Brian. "A Monte Carlo investigation of radiation damage to chromatin fibers and production of DNA double strand breaks using Geant4-DNA code". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53106.

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In the presented research we propose to improve on historically accepted radiobiological models via Monte Carlo simulation of radiation tracks passing through a cell nucleus modeled with up-to-date subnuclear structures. This is performed by generating a radiation track database using the Monte Carlo code, Geant4-DNA, that simulates radiation interactions at the nanometer scale of DNA. These tracks are called upon from the database and intersected with a cell nucleus model that incorporates DNA-containing structures. This allows for a Monte Carlo simulation of how DNA double strand breaks are produced by radiation. The results can be used to correlate to many experimentally observed biological endpoints, e.g. chromosome aberrations as well as cell death.

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10

Quagliani, Renato. "Study of double charm B decays with the LHCb experiment at CERN and track reconstruction for the LHCb upgrade". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752741.

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11

Bootes, Nathaniel R. "Late Cenozoic Offshore Record of Exhumation and Sediment Routing in Southeast Alaska from Detrital Zircon U/Pb and FT double-dating". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592169111121451.

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12

Lindfeldt, Olov. "Quality on single-track railway lines with passenger traffic : analytical model for evaluation of crossing stations and partial double-tracks /". Stockholm : Department of Transport and Economics, KTH, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4560.

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13

Sanchez, Lohff Sonia K. "Upper plate response to varying subduction styles in the forearc Cook Inlet basin, south-central Alaska". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530270586819066.

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14

Mahee, Durude. "Numerical Simulation and Graphical Illustration of Ionization by Charged Particles as a Tool toward Understanding Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535381068931831.

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15

Kim, Andrew Eundong. "Experimental Evaluation of the Dynamic Performance Benefits of Roll Stability Control Systems on A-train Doubles". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102377.

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The ride stability of an A-train 28-foot double tractor trailer when outfitted with different Roll Stability Control (RSC) systems with the same payload and suspension configurations is studied experimentally for various dynamic maneuvers. The primary goal of the study is to determine the effect of different commercially-available RSC systems on the extent of improvements they offer for increasing roll stability of commercial vehicles with double trailers, when subjected to limit-steering maneuvers that can rise during highway driving. A semitruck and two 28-foot trailers are modified for enduring the forces and moments that can result during testing. A load structure is used for placing the ballast loads within the trailers at a suitable height for duplicating the CG height of the trailers during their commercial use. Outriggers and jackknifing arresting mechanisms are used to prevent vehicle damage and ensure safety during the tests. The test vehicle is equipped with multiple sensors and cameras for the necessary measurements and observations. The analog and video data are time-synced for correlating the measurements with visual observation of the test vehicle dynamics in post-processing. An extensive number of tests are conducted at the Michelin Laurens Proving Grounds (MLPG) in Laurens, SC. The tests include evaluating each RSC system with different maneuvers and speeds until a rollover occurs or the vehicle is deemed to be unstable. The maneuvers that are used for the tests include: double lane change, sine-with-dwell, J-turn, and ramp steer maneuver. Both a steering robot and subjective driver are used for the tests. The test data are analyzed and the results are used to compare the three RSC systems with each other, and with trailers without RSC. The test results indicate that all three RSC systems are able to improve the speed at which rollover occurs, with a varying degree. For two of the systems, the rollover speed gained, when compared with trailers without RSC, is marginal. For one of the systems, there are more significant speed gains. Since most RSC systems are tuned for a conventional tractor-trailer, additional testing with some of the systems would be necessary to enable the manufacturers to better fine-tune the RSC control scheme to the dynamics of double trailers.
MS

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16

Säll, Erik. "Design of a Low Power, High Performance Track-and-Hold Circuit in a 0.18µm CMOS Technology". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1353.

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This master thesis describes the design of a track-and-hold (T&H) circuit with 10bit resolution, 80MS/s and 30MHz bandwidth. It is designed in a 0.18µm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.8 Volt. The circuit is supposed to work together with a 10bit pipelined analog to digital converter.

A switched capacitor topology is used for the T&H circuit and the amplifier is a folded cascode OTA with regulated cascode. The switches used are of transmission gate type.

The thesis presents the design decisions, design phase and the theory needed to understand the design decisions and the considerations in the design phase.

The results are based on circuit level SPICE simulations in Cadence with foundry provided BSIM3 transistor models. They show that the circuit has 10bit resolution and 7.6mW power consumption, for the worst-case frequency of 30MHz. The requirements on the dynamic performance are all fulfilled, most of them with large margins.

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17

Kizilgul, Serdar A. "Study of Pion Photo-Production Using a TPC Detector to Determine Beam Asymmetries from Polarized HD". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1210629380.

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18

Frinchaboy, Jenny. "Les mesures de sûreté : étude comparative des droits pénaux français et allemand". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA030.

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Les mesures de sûreté sont au cœur de la politique pénale actuelle, bien qu’elles soulèvent un grand nombre d’interrogations. Leur place est très incertaine en droit français qui, dans un souci de simplification, a opté pour un système de sanctions pénales à voie unique ne comportant que des peines. Pour autant, aux côtés des peines, il est un certain nombre de mesures de sûreté qui ne sont pas toujours reconnues comme telles, au détriment de la cohérence du droit positif. Le droit allemand, au contraire, a adopté le système « de la double voie », faisant coexister les peines et les mesures de sûreté au sein du code pénal. Ce système présente l’avantage de reconnaître la spécificité des mesures de sûreté, lesquelles reposent non sur la culpabilité du délinquant mais sur sa dangerosité. Bien que la distinction entre les deux catégories de sanctions pénales ne soit pas aisée en raison des nombreux points de convergence, une assimilation pure et simple entre les deux concepts s’avère impossible. Cette étude comparative de l’émergence et de l’autonomie des mesures de sûreté permet de conclure à la nécessité d’introduire un dualisme des sanctions pénales au sein du Code pénal français, avec un régime juridique complet et propre aux mesures de sûreté, distinct de celui des peines, mais s’inscrivant dans le respect des principes fondamentaux du droit pénal
Security measures are at the heart of the current criminal policy, even though they raise a number of questions. Their place is very uncertain in French law, which has opted for a "single-track system", comprising only penalties, in the interest of simplification. Though, alongside the penalties, there are some security measures that are not always recognised as such, to the detriment of the coherence of the positive law. German law, on the contrary, has adopted a “dual-track system”, where penalties and security measures coexist within the criminal code. This system offers the advantage of recognizing the specificities of the security measures, which are not based on the guilt of the offender, but on his degree of danger. Although the distinction between the two categories of criminal sanctions is not an easy one, because of the areas of convergence, the two concepts cannot simply be treated as being the same. This comparative study of the emergence and the autonomy of the security measures concludes that a dualism of criminal sanctions should be introduced to the French criminal code with a complete own legal regime for the security measures, separate from the penalties’ regime, but in accordance with the basic principles of the criminal law

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19

Reis, Neuto Gonçalves dos. "Viabilidade de operação do duplo semi-reboque de cinco eixos no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13042018-150847/.

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Este trabalho investiga a viabilidade de se implantar no Brasil o veículo combinado de cinco eixos constituído de um cavalo mecânico mais dois semi-reboques acoplados por um dolly intermediário e chamado aqui de Duplo Semi-Reboque (DSR). Essa investigação inclui tanto aspectos econômicos (custos operacionais) quanto operacionais (densidade das cargas, rotas, demandas, veículos utilizados), tecnológicos (veículos e implementes), legais (pesos e dimensões), de segurança (estabilidade, dirigibilidade, risco de acidentes e impacto sobre o tráfego de outros veículos) e de inter-relação com a infra-estrutura rodoviária. Como a configuração analisada é largamente utilizada nos Estados Unidos, com o nome de twin trailer truck, faz-se uma ampla revisão da literatura norte-americana. O estudo apresenta as características técnicas do twin, levanta a legislação norte-americana de carga por eixo e mostra como a busca de produtividade e o aumento da carga volumosa conduziram à necessidade de veículos mais longos. Compila artigos sobre a estabilidade, a dirigibilidade e o impacto sobre o tráfego dos veículos longos combinados. Sintetiza pesquisas comparando taxas de acidentes dos veículos combinados com os caminhões convencionais. A maioria desses estudos conduz à conclusão de que, embora os twins possam degradar ligeiramente as condições de segurança de tráfego e aumentar o desgaste elos pavimentos, essa degradação é compensada pela redução do número de viagens e do custo do transporte. Conclui-se que o veículo seria economicamente viável no Brasil para substituir caminhões trucados em rotas de demanda limitada, e que poderia também economizar custos na substituição a veículos convencionais no transporte de cargas volumosas, sem provocar maiores impactos sobre a segurança operacional. Pesquisa com frotistas mostra que quase 50% das transportadoras de carga fracionada operam cargas de densidade compatível com o DSR. A introdução do veículo, no entanto, enfrenta fortes obstáculos legais e exigiria mudança profunda na legislação dos veículos combinados longos.
This paper investigates the feasibility of introducing the American twin trailer truck in the Brazilian road transport network. The twin is a five axle configuration with one tractor and two semi-trailers, coupled by an intermediate dolly. The investigation embraces not only economic questions (operational costs), but also operational aspects (freight density and volume, vehicle choice, line extension etc), technological questions (vehicles, trailers and dollies), weights and dimensions legislation, safety impacts (handling and stability, impact of traffic operations and statistic studies of accident rates) and the twin\'s interface with the highway facilities. The American and Canadian studies about twins are reviewed. The paper presents the technical characteristics of twins, the american weights and dimensions legislation and shows how the claim for more productivity in the transport industry and the low density freight growth have induced the use of longer combinations. The study compiles the main results presented in the literature about handling, stability and the twin trailer impact on the highway traffic and analyzes statistics comparing doubles with semi-trailer accident rates. The literature review leads to the conclusion that, althrough the twins could degrade slightly the vehicle traffic safety performance and accelerate the pavement wear, this degradation is overwhelmed by the reduction of the number of vehicles on the roads and direct and indirect transportation costs. The introduction of the win trailer truck in Brazil could be advantageous in order to replace tandem trucks on low demand routes. The savings in terminal times and the higher capacitiy of this configuration would cut costs as compared to the straight truck, semi-trailer and truck-and-trailer configurations, without relevant deterioration of the operational safety. The results of a large sample with brazilian LTL companies show that almost 50% of them operate with a freight density that would be ideal for twins. The twin\'s introduction, however, faces strong legal impediments in some markets, and only would be feasible if deep changes in the Brazilian weight and dimension regulations would be undertaken.

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20

Mojžíšek, Dominik. "Dynamická analýza koleje". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372123.

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The diploma thesis deals with descriptions of vehicle - track dynamic interface. There are described basic analytical models of railway track. The numerical models are created by using finite element methods with moving load simulated axle of rail vehicle. The aim of thesis is to create the model which most accurately describes the dynamic phenomena in the track. The results from models are compared with data obtained by measuring in the track. Next aim of thesis is to determine dependency of rail cross-sectional characteristics on equivalent rail head wear and then on rail deflection.

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21

Kampf, Raymond William. "Fauxtopia". VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/749.

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To all who come to this fictitious place:Welcome.Fauxtopia is your land. Here, age relives distorted memories of the past, and here, youth may savor the challenge of trying to understand the present. Fauxtopia is made up of the ideals, the dreams and the fuzzy facts which have re-created reality... with the hope that it will be a source of edutainment for all the world.Ray KampfFauxtopia DedicationApril 1st, 2004

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22

Thorogood, Rhys L. "Performance based analysis of current South African semi trailer and b-double trailer designs /". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/926.

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23

"Performance based analysis of current South African semi trailer and b-double trailer designs". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/742.

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South African heavy vehicles are currently designed according to prescriptive standards designed and enforced by the National Department of Transport (DoT); these standards are regulated in terms of mass, dimensions and vehicle configuration. However, the current prescriptive standards leave little room for innovation in terms of heavy vehicle design. Performance Based Standards, or PBS, is a new Australian based innovative alternative to the current heavy vehicle prescriptive standards, mass, dimensions and vehicle configuration. PBS seeks to align actual vehicle performance efficiencies, productivity and safety objectives as well as road and bridge infrastructure to the current road network. Vehicle performance measures are based on engineering and science, supporting superior safety and known road and bridge wear performance criteria. PBS produces “a result orientated approach” to improved heavy vehicle operations and safety rather than a „one size fits all approach‟ utilised by the current prescriptive legislation. Currently, dynamic vehicle simulations are not carried out on South African manufactured vehicle combinations. Evidence exists that this has, in some cases, resulted in safety compromises. The computer dynamic vehicle simulation technology developed and validated could be employed for the credible assessments of the vehicle design concepts/prototypes for compliance with PBS. This service, which includes vehicle performance simulation and testing, development of high productivity vehicle concepts, assessment and development of risk management strategies, advice on safety and productivity issues, would have a substantial commercialisation potential for the implementation in the larger transport industry in South Africa.
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

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24

Baumgartner, Thomas Peter. "Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Turnpike Doubles in the Canadian Prairie Region". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4447.

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This research analyzes fuel consumption and emissions of Turnpike double trailer combinations (Turnpikes) on a regional network in the Canadian Prairies. The research: (1) establishes current benchmarks for fuel consumption of Turnpikes and five-axle tractor semitrailers (3-S2s) with van trailers; (2) develops fuel consumption models for these vehicle types; (3) establishes an understanding of current operating characteristics of Turnpikes in the region; and (4) estimates their system-wide effects in terms of fuel consumption and emissions in Manitoba by applying the developed models. Canadian Prairie region-based carriers revealed an increase in Turnpike travel (from 2007-2009) of 44 percent after the twinning of the Trans-Canada Highway between Winnipeg and Regina in 2007 was completed. Turnpikes can save one third of fuel consumed when compared to 3-S2s; have higher fuel consumption in the winter months; and their use in 2009 reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by five percent compared to 3-S2s.

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25

Huang, Yung-An y 黃詠安. "Travel Time Estimation for Single and Double-Track Railroads". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03587549446977768508.

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26

Lai, Bi-Ting y 賴弼廷. "Native-Conflict-Aware Track Routing for Double Patterning Technology". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61129363643392170814.

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碩士
國立中央大學
電機工程研究所
99
As the manufacturing process advances, the size of integrated circuits has shrunk into the 32 nm. Lithography process encounters a bottleneck due to printability and manufacturability issues. Recently, double patterning lithography（DPL）has been proposed for the most feasible solution for sub-32-nm node process. To increase the half-pitch resolution and improve depth of focus, DPL decomposes a layout into two masks by using current infrastructures. The conflict of DPL means that a layout cannot be decomposed completely, and then the un-decomposable pattern must be partitioned into two sub-patterns. These two sub-patterns should be assigned to different masks and connected to each other. The touching edge of sub-patterns is called stitch. If there is no enough space to insert a stitch for the un-decomposable pattern, a native conflict is generated. A layout with native conflicts will result in layout modification. The current researches focus on reducing the number of stitches and the number of native conflicts in the post layout phase or detailed routing phase. Since the layout is more and more complicated, considering DPL before detailed routing and alleviating the loading in detailed routing will be a challenge. In this thesis, we propose a method to consider DPL in track routing. Besides, we propose a pseudo pin technique to avoid generating a lot of native conflicts in track routing and predict the traces of detailed routing. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only minimizes the number of native conflicts significantly, but also reduces wirelength.

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27

Bung-YoLiu y 劉邦佑. "Optimization in Process Parameters on Double Track of Selective Laser Melting". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t26xar.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系
106
Additive manufacture (AM) such as selective laser melting (SLM) has many advantages over traditional manufacture techniques. Selective laser melting is able to produce unique parts in a short time and has nearly no restriction on geometry. The parameters in selective laser melting such as laser power, scanning speed, powder layer thickness, hatch spacing and scan length have complex interactions with each other and affect the quality of the product. Determining the optimal parameters for producing the high-quality product has been an important issue for manufacturers. Based on the previous research of optimal laser power and scanning speed, this research investigates the influence of hatch spacing and scan length. A sphere packing design method was proposed to design the parameters for simulation and a three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate the features of scan tracks. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict simulation results. Finally, optimal parameters were determined based on peak temperature, difference in depth of melt pools, and overlap rate of two scan tracks. As a result, the hatch space is recommended as 73% of laser spot size in this study if the diameter of laser spot is 120μm, laser power is 180W, scanning speed is 680mm/s, and powder layer thickness is 40μm.

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28

Liu, Chien-Ting y 劉建廷. "Effect of Double Track of Diode Laser on Tempering for AISI 4140". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49335215373021378533.

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碩士
國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
104
Laser heat treatment changes microstructure of surface to improve hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength when the bulk material retains high strength and toughness so that mechanical components extend its operating life which works in harsh conditions or being under heavy load and wear. As the laser beam has a limited spot dimension, when the workpiece requires a large area of hardening, multiple tracks have to be applied. In addition to ensuring the requirements of hardness and depth of hardened zone, the quality should be uniform. On the contrary, with a long time for operating, both uneven wear by non-uniform hardness distribution and different metallurgical structure will cause the dimensional error. Hardness decreased by back tempering is one of the most critical problems in laser heat treatment of large surfaces. In this paper, a diode laser with different process parameters was used to harden the surface of AISI 4140 by double track. The effect of hardness profile and microstructure of the hardened zone by back tempering was analyzed. And carefully controlling the process parameters to minimize the drawbacks of hardness decreased by tempering. The average hardness of two hardened zones was HV627, HV736, and the tempering area still reached HV505 by using 1100℃control temperature with a feed rate of 300 mm/min and a distance between the double track of 3mm.

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29

Lee, Cheng-Yi y 李承逸. "The Police Tests the Research of Unconstitutional Reviewing Mechanism of Double Track System Especially". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6y2mw4.

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碩士
國立中山大學
中國與亞太區域研究所
103
Our country''s police''s personnel examines system to experience successively the examination of three stages to change, this text try with many times in the past police personnel examination the evolution set out and investigate it examines system why from in the past only with the police educated system to register to take examinations for lord of the closing examined system to then turn into a police to educate system and general education system two types of personnel registered to take examinations together of opened examination system, and open general education system personnel pursue police personnel examination system back for regular police education the impact produced by system with face of dilemma. In order to improve the above-mentioned opened police personnel to examine the imperfection and point of dispute caused by system, Civil Service Yuan on June 4, Year 98 of the Republic of China the 11th 37th-time meeting review "police personnel examination system improvement project" one case resolution program police personnel beginning term examination, adopt a police to educate the examination system of system and general education system double track positions of redundant personnel, and will both of examination piping with take examinations qualifications to make compartment restriction, with solution in the past adopted an opened police personnel to examine system educated system for the regular police the influence and impact formed by personnel, even expected to match constitution to guarantee substantial equal spirit. However this double track positions of redundant personnel examination the system implement over 3 years and face to many controversy, all without exception is examining a rule establishment and should try a qualifications condition restriction, acceptance quota comparison the allotment etc. items to all suffer the external world to query whether this examination system has an excessive guarantee police to educate system personnel to work and discriminate against a general education system personnel to work on police the matter of opportunity to work smoothly, and cause a related organization(like Legislative Yuan, Control Yuan) to launch a survey to this examination system. So this thesis is got with police school and generally give birth to two types of personnel test double track positions of redundant personnel especially at the police system operation under, investigate its"teach, test, use" system and"test, told, use" system both of education system difference formation comparison, and should try qualifications and admit very controversial items like comparison,etc for current system descending relevant it examination rule, , with constitution related principle(law reservation principle, authorization explicit sex principle, equal principle and comparison principle) check certificate this system controversy, and match with a related organization to aim at a police to test the investigation report opinion of the double track positions of redundant personnel examination system as an unconstitutional reviewing mechanism especially of research study with must submit a body research of conclusion, and for this examination system of current controversy give follow-up reform and suggestion.

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30

Li, Mei-Ching y 李美靖. "An Evaluation of the Implementation Results of the Double- Track Policy in Municipal “Districts”- A comparison between Maolin and Liouguei in Kaohsiung City". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9evrg3.

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碩士
國立中山大學
政治學研究所
107
At the end of 2010, Taiwan’s local autonomy entered a “New 5 Municipalities” era, and all the municipal “districts” have adopted the bureaucratic system. Due to failures, such as the lack of adaptation to the local conditions and the inability to respond to the public’s opinions, an unprecedented, violent changes and adjustment took place in the municipalities that underwent city-county consolidation. Subsequently, Ministry of the Interior had proposed the amendment of the “Local Government Act”, which passed the third reading at the Legislative Yuan, to ensure the indigenous people’s political participation rights protected by constitution and simultaneously responded to the opinions of the indigenous society. Following the amendment, the sources of laws and the rights to implement local autonomy were officially given to the municipal mountains indigenous districts and took effect at the end of 2014. Since then, the situation of “One Country, Two Systems” and “One City, Two Systems” existed within the district systems of the municipalities in Taiwan. The district systems of 2 municipalities, namely Taipei City and Tainan City, used the “single-track policy” of the bureaucracy. Whereas the district systems of 4 municipalities, namely New Taipei City, Taoyuan City, Taichung City, and Kaohsiung City, used the “double-track policy” that the non-indigenous districts were bureaucratic system and the indigenous districts were democratic election system. This study selects the “Small-scale Construction Projects of Alleys below 6 Meters” in the bureaucratic system of Liouguei District and the democratic election system of Maolin District. Both of these districts are located in Kaohsiung City. At the same time, this study uses the 6 evaluation standards of “effectiveness,” “efficiency,” “adequacy,” “equity,” “responsiveness,” and “appropriateness” in policy evaluation theory to compare and analyze the differences in the individual implementation results of “double-track policy” adopted by the municipal “districts”. After the comparison and analysis of those evaluation standards, this study obtains the following findings: 1. An evaluation of the implementation of the Small-scale Construction Projects of Alleys below 6 Meters for the double-track policy in Kaohsiung City’s “districts” ,the result is that democratic election system is superior to the bureaucratic system. 2. According to the experience of autonomous development of democratic national municipal districts, all the municipal “districts” in Taiwan should be adopted the democratic election system. 3. The real key problem ,lack of the municipal mountains indigenous districts’ autonomous finance, is that the inability of the relevant laws, such as the “Act Governing the Allocation of Government Revenues and Expenditures”, is adapted to and complied with the amendment progress in the “Local Government Act”. For this reason, focusing on the shortcomings discovered by this research, suggestions such as “The Establishment Of Multiple Channels For Feedbacks Petition Case,” “Establishment And Publication of The Performance Of The Small-Scale Construction Projects Of Alleys Below 6 Meters In Different Districts And Villages,” and “Re-planning And Redesigning The Autonomous Financial Resources Distribution Structures Of The Autonomous Groups In Different Areas” are proposed. These suggestions are made for the district offices, Kaohsiung City government, and the central government to use as references in their future improvements.

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31

Jhen-CihHuang y 黃貞慈. "Effects of progressive unstable surface trunk exercises on balance and functional outcomes in sub-acute stroke patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5n83g5.

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32

SOO, TYNG-FONG y 蘇婷鳳. "A Study on the Relationships between Parent’s Expectation, Academic Learning Intention and Motivation - Case of a School of Double Track System in Kuala Lumpur". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/563gwj.

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碩士
醒吾科技大學
行銷與流通管理系所
107
Chinese community has always put high value on children’s’ education. Parents hope that their children to be among the best in their academic performance. Therefore, the elders are used to paying very much attention to academic and exam scores on the youth. This study explores the relationships between parent expectations (study expectations, achievement expectations), study motivation (external goal orientation, internal goal orientation, value beliefs, control beliefs, self-efficacy, and expectation to succeed), and learning intention in which study performance as the representative variable. This study was conducted in a Chinese high school in Kuala Lumpur. The sample was collected by using a questionnaire survey with a total amount of 305 valid respondents. Research methods of t-test, analysis of variance and multi-variant regression are used in this research. The results show that: (1) boys are more aware of their parents’ expectations than girls; (2) students studying science can better understand their parents’ learning expectations and achievement expectations than students majoring arts; (3) the learning motivations of students in each category perform differently; (4) the ranking of significant influence of learning motivation on learning intention are external goal orientation, internal goal orientation, control belief and self-efficacy.

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33

Welke, Bethany. "Double dating detrital zircons in till from the Ross Embayment, Antarctica". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4450.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
U/Pb and (U-Th)/He (ZHe) dating of detrital zircons from glacial till samples in the Ross Embayment, Antarctica records cooling after the Ross/Pan-African orogeny (450-625 Ma) followed by a mid-Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous heating event in the Beacon basin. Zircons were extracted from till samples from heads of major outlet glaciers in East Antarctica, one sample at the mouth of Scott Glacier, and from beneath three West Antarctic ice streams. The Ross/Pan-African U/Pb population is ubiquitous in these Antarctic tills and many Beacon Supergroup sandstones, thus 83 grains were analyzed for ZHe to subdivide this population. Two ZHe age populations are evident in East Antarctic tills, with 64% of grains 115-200 Ma and 35% between 200-650 Ma. The older population is interpreted to be associated with the Ross/Pan-African orogeny including cooling of the Granite Harbour Intrusives and/or exhumation of the older basement rocks to form the Kukri Peneplain. The lag time between zircon U/Pb, ZHe and 40Ar/39Ar ages from K-bearing minerals show cooling over 200 My. Grains in East Antarctic tills with a ZHe age of 115-200 Ma likely reflects regional heating following the breakup of Gondwana from the Ferrar dolerite intrusions, subsidence within the rift basin, and a higher geothermal gradient. Subsequent cooling and/or exhumation of the Transantarctic Mountains brought grains below the closure temperature over a span of 80 My. This population may also provide a Beacon Supergroup signature as most of the tills with this age are adjacent to nunataks mapped as Beacon Supergroup and contain an abundance of vi Beacon pebbles within the moraine. Nine zircons grains from three Beacon Supergroup sandstones collected from moraines across the Transantarctic Mountains yield ages from 125-180 Ma. West Antarctic tills contain a range of ZHe ages from 75-450 Ma reflecting the diverse provenance of basin fill from East Antarctica and Marie Byrd Land. ZHe and U/Pb ages <105 Ma appear to be distinctive of West Antarctic tills. The combination of U/Pb, ZHe and 40Ar/39Ar analyses demonstrates that these techniques can be used to better constrain the tectonic evolution and cooling of the inaccessible subglacial source terrains beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet.

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