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Sutimin, Muhamad Syafei, Didik Rilastiyo Budi, Kusnandar, Topo Suhartoyo y Panuwun Joko Nurcahyo. "Plyometric Double Leg Tuck Jump: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Power Otot Tungkai Atlet Bola Voli". SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga 2, n.º 1 (9 de abril de 2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46838/spr.v2i1.92.
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Metode latihan merupakan faktor penting dalam pembinaan olahraga prestasi, pelatih dapat memaksimalkan potensi atlet apabila mampu menerapkan metode latihan dengan tepat. Metode latihan yang dapat diterapkan pada permainan bola voli yaitu bentuk latihan plyometric double leg truck jump. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh latihan plyometric di pasir dengan di tanah terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai atlet bola voli pelajar. Jenis penelitian ekperimen dengan desain two group pretes-postest desigen, jumlah sampel 24 orang atlet dan menggunakan instrumen penelitian vertical jumpt test. Analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan setelah atlet melakukan latihan plyometric double leg truck jump dengan p=0,000, terdapat perbedaan pengaruh latihan plyometric double leg truc jump di tanah dan pasir dengan p=0,000. Metode latihan plyometric double leg truck jump di pasir meningkatkan power otot tungkai lebih baik daripada latihan di tanah dengan perbedaan skor sebesar 9,4%. Sehingga direkomendasikan untuk melakukan latihan plyometric double leg truck jump di pasir untuk meningkatkan power otot tungkai atlet bola voli pelajar.
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Yin, Yu Ming, Jue Yang y Wen Ming Zhang. "Handling and Roll Prediction of Electric Drive Mining Trucks". Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (junio de 2013): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1135.
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A method is proposed to predict the handling and roll properties of electric drive mining trucks and evaluate their safety status. Trucksim is used to simulate the truck dynamics and Simulink is used to model the electric drive system, the truck model takes a double-lane change manoeuvre according to ISO 3888-1. A 190t mining truck is demonstrated and the understeer gradient and roll angle results respect its safety status well. Using this method, mining truck designers could make the handling and roll prediction before manufacture and modify their design.
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An, Lingshi, Feng Zhang, Yongchang Geng y Bo Lin. "Field Measurement of Dynamic Compressive Stress Response of Pavement-Subgrade Induced by Moving Heavy-Duty Trucks". Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1956906.
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This paper presents the dynamic compressive stress response of pavement-subgrade induced by moving heavy-duty trucks. In order to study the distribution characteristic of dynamic pressure of pavement-subgrade in more detail, truck loadings, truck speeds, and dynamic pressure distributions at different depths were monitored under twenty-five working conditions on the section of Qiqihar-Nenjiang Highway in Heilongjiang Province, China. The effects of truck loading, truck speed, and depth on dynamic compressive stress response can be concluded as follows: (1) increasing truck loading will increase the dynamic pressure amplitude of subgrade-pavement and dominant frequencies are close to the characteristic frequencies caused by heavy-duty trucks at the speed of 70 km/h; (2) as truck speed increases, the dynamic pressure amplitudes of measuring points have an increasing tendency; the dynamic pressure spectrums are also significantly influenced by truck speed: the higher the truck speed, the wider the spectrum and the higher the dominant frequencies; (3) as depth increases, the dynamic pressure amplitudes of measuring points decrease rapidly. The influence of the front axle decreases gradually until disappearing and the compressive stress superposition phenomenon caused by rear double axles can be found with increasing depth.
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Regehr, Jonathan D., Jeannette Montufar y Garreth Rempel. "Safety performance of longer combination vehicles relative to other articulated trucks". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-109.
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This article helps improve the understanding about the safety performance of longer combination vehicles (LCVs) relative to other articulated trucks operating on rural highways, using evidence from the Canadian portion of the CANAMEX trade corridor. The analysis reveals that from a collision rate perspective, LCVs as a group have better safety performance than other articulated trucks. Turnpike doubles have the lowest collision rate of all articulated truck types (16 collisions per 100 million vehicle-kilometres of travel or VKT), followed by Rocky Mountain doubles (32 collisions per 100 million VKT). The collision rate for triple trailer combinations (62 collisions per 100 million VKT) is higher than the collision rates for tractor semitrailers (42 collisions per 100 million VKT) and legal-length tractor double trailers (44 collisions per 100 million VKT). These results are an important input for civil engineering and transport policy decisions concerning longer combination vehicle operations.
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Hutchinson, B. G. y D. J. Parker. "Parametric analyses of large truck braking efficiencies". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1989): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-025.
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Simplified braking models are used to analyze the braking efficiencies of a range of truck types under a variety of loading conditions and tire–pavement coefficients of friction. These analyses show that while most of the fully loaded trucks are capable of achieving a braking efficiency of 70%, the braking efficiencies of the unloaded or partially unloaded trucks deteriorate substantially. A bobtail tractor, an unloaded semi-trailer with tridem rear axle group and two air-lift belly axles, and a B-train double trailer with rear trailer unloaded have estimated braking efficiencies of 40–50%. The braking distances required by the unloaded and partially loaded vehicles from a 100 km/h operating speed are two to four times longer than those specified in the Canadian geometric design standards. Comparisons of the model-estimated braking distances with those obtained in one set of field tests show that the models are capable of reflecting accurately observed field behaviour. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the need for a systematic review of those highway design standards that are based on the braking capabilities of vehicles using the highway system. Key words: highway geometric design, truck braking efficiency, braking distances, highway safety.
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Bertoloni, William, Jorge Luiz da Silva, Janessa Sampaio de Abreu y Douglas Luís Andreolla. "Bem-estar e taxa de hematomas de bovinos transportados em diferentes distâncias e modelos de carroceria no estado do Mato Grosso - Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 13, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402012000300022.
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Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o bem-estar e taxa de hematomas de 3.415 bovinos nelore, transportados em diferentes tipos de caminhão (tipo truck, tipo carreta baixa, e tipo carreta double deck) e distâncias de transporte. Os animais transportados pela carreta double deck e tipo baixa apresentaram, no desembarque, maior incidência de quedas (77,52ª; 75,31ª) comparativamente aos caminhões truck (49,09b). Maior incidência de escorregões (95,78ª), vocalizações (82,9ª); utilização de ponteiras elétricas (96,06ª) e batidas em objetos fixos (88,74ª) também foram observadas em animais transportados pela double deck, comparativamente, a carreta tipo baixa e caminhão tipo truck. No segundo experimento, 120 bovinos nelore foram transportados nos mesmos caminhões, pelo mesmo matadouro-frigorífico, porém em duas distância de transporte diferentes (acima de 180km e abaixo de 130km). Observou-se maior incidência de hematomas nas carcaças de bovinos transportados pela carreta tipo double deck em ambas as distâncias (1,09ª; 1,02b) se comparada aos outros tratamentos, assim como maior ocorrência de lesões (1,81ª; 1,65ab). Utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis a 5% de significância em delineamento inteiramente casualizado.
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Shi, Cai Hong, Shao Hua Kang, Chun Hui Li, Jun Zhong Hu, Lin Huang y Xi Zheng Zhang. "Design and Analysis of Double Wishbone Suspension Module with Wheel-Track Variant Wheels". Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (junio de 2014): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.867.
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Based on the new type of wheel-track variant wheel prototype which is developed independently and creatively, the paper focuses on several problems, including the severe wear of track links, the difficulty in steering under the form of track, and so on, and combines the characteristics of variant wheel, so as to design and analyze the positional parameters of variant wheel-double wishbone suspension module. Besides, through refitting the variant wheel based on a type of all terrain farmer truck (UTV), the paper builds a model for the kinematics analysis of UTV variant wheel—double wishbone suspension model, and takes the minimum of the weighed sum of changes in wheel alignment parameters and the lateral displacement of variant wheel which affect wheel wear and steering as the optimized objective, so as to carry out an optimization calculation for its suspension system. In addition to that, the paper modifies UTV based on the optimization results, solves the problems arising in the experiments of variant wheel, and provides theoretical support and references for the application of wheel-track variant wheel in other types of vehicles.
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Xia, Xintao, Shujing Dong, Liming Sun y Tianju Chen. "Load Calculation and Design of Roller Crowning of Truck Hub Bearing". Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010106.
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Double-row tapered roller bearing 353112 is used in trucks, and the external load and pressure distribution of the bearing are calculated combining with the specific operating conditions. Tapered roller bearings typically employ roller profile modification to equalize the load distribution, minimizing the stress concentration at the roller ends. Doing FEA (finite element analysis) on the contact stress with the changing roller crowning between roller and races, the appropriate roller profile and the crown drop of roller can be achieved. Finally the best control equation of roller crowning is obtained. It has important guiding significance for the improvement of roller crowning design of truck hub bearings.
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Wahyudi, Dani Tri y Deni Shidqi Khaerudini. "DESIGN OF ANTI-SLIP SHOES FOR 12 TON PALM OIL TRUCK WHEELS". SINERGI 24, n.º 3 (9 de julio de 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.3.006.
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The rainy season will have a severe problem to the transportation sector (including heavy-duty trucks) in the off-road area in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). For heavy vehicles, especially oil palm transport trucks will experience such obstacles, including slippage when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it will have an impact on the logistics delivery process. Therefore, it is necessary to design a support system, especially on the wheels, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling on truck-type vehicles. In this work, the design of the anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double type truck (CDD) is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling the slippage. In this design, the maximum traction factor of the wheels based on the calculation on the rolling resistance should be higher than 594 kg. The next step is to determine the value of soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle obtained from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to accomplish the design of the main components of the anti-slip of a truck wheel in the form of a traction rod fin. The design is namely U channel profile steel based on SNI 07-0052-2006 type U50, U65, and U80 with dimensions of the fin depth (z) are 3.8 cm, 4.2 cm, and 4.5 cm and length of 30 cm. The results show that the three types of U channel iron used for the anti-slip shoes are useful for freeing trucks from slippage with a total load of 12 tons. Thus, the truck will be safe when crossing the muddy roads with clay, muddy clay, and sandy loam under the following conditions: minimum cohesion number of 0.008 kg/cm2, minimum internal friction angle in the soil of 4.631°, and the maximum water content of 59.6%.
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Wahyudi, Dani Tri y Deni Shidqi Khaerudini. "Desain Sepatu Antiselip untuk Roda Truk Colt Diesel di Jalan Berlumpur". Jurnal Teknik Mesin 13, n.º 1 (6 de julio de 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.13.1.278.
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The rains will make a serious problem for the transportation sector in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). Heavy vehicles such as oil palm trucks will go into the skid when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it makes an impact on the logistics delivery process. It is necessary for designing a support system, especially on the part of the wheel, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling. Anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double (CDD) type truck is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling slippage. Calculations and corrections are performed for maximum traction of the ground rolling resistance at ≥ 396 kg. Furthermore, the value of soil cohesion and soil shear angle was determined from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to obtain the design of the main components of an antislip wheel of a truck, which is in the form of a traction rod fin using steel UNP SNI 07-0052-2006 with a fin depth of 4.5 cm and a length of 20 cm. These dimensions are effective enough to increase the truck wheel traction of 8 tons when used to cross muddy roads with a maximum water content of 59.6% and a minimum cohesion value of land (C) of 0.108 kg/cm2
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Herrmann, V. y A. Heinrich. "Influence of the Modification of Ground Truck Tyres as an Additive on the Properties of a Truck Tread Compound". International Polymer Science and Technology 44, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704400501.
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Commercially available ground tyre rubber (GTR) made exclusively from post-consumer truck tyres was mixed into a typical truck tyre tread compound. As already shown in a previous study, this leads to a distinct deterioration in properties. The goal of the present investigation was to minimise these property losses through modification of the GTR in terms of processing methods. Modification methods already documented in the literature were used, e.g. application of sulphur and crosslinking agents to the GTR and the use of trans-polyoctenamer as well as liquid polymers, which in principle provide the potential for crosslinking of the GTR and polymer matrix through the availability of double bonds. For some methods of modification, small improvements are observed in comparison with the unmodified GTR. However, none of the GTR modifications reaches the level of the reference compound without GTR. An economic estimate for the modification with the highest potential for technical success shows that, in practice, considerable costs must be expected.
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Hutchinson, B. G., L. R. Rilett, R. Green y R. C. G. Haas. "Axle load shifts during truck braking and their implications for bridge and pavement design". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1989): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-026.
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The axle load shifts of four truck types during braking are estimated using theoretical braking models and the implications of these axle load shifts for bridge and pavement design are explored. The truck types examined are a three-axle straight truck, a five-axle tractor semi-trailer, a seven-axle tractor semi-trailer with two air-lift belly axles, and a seven-axle B-train tractor-double trailer, each loaded to legal Ontario limits with weigh-out commodities. Each of the truck types experienced a substantial load transfer to the front steering axles under braking, mainly from the rear tandem axle groups, where the front axle load increase varied from 38 to 48%. The bridge design implications of the load shifts are examined in terms of the Ontario Bridge Formula and the moments induced in simple-span bridges compared with the moments induced by a reference design truck. For the braking model used, the decelerations and associated shifts in axle load do not lead to higher forces for bridge design and evaluation. The pavement damage implications are analyzed in terms of load equivalency functions derived from some load tests conducted at a number of pavement sites across Canada in 1986. These equivalencies increased up to 50% of the static values for the three-axle truck at maximum braking. It is suggested that the major damage implications are at intersections in urban areas and that increased structural sections could be designed to handle the increased equivalencies. Key words: bridge design, pavement design, truck braking, truck loads, pavement damage, bridge damage.
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Li, Sui Ping, Wei Dong Chen y Jing Jing Yao. "Based on the Double SCM Real Time Control System Design of Drum Brake". Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (junio de 2013): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.667.
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Based on single-chip microcomputer(SCM) control technology, designed a set of new brake automatic cooling control system. Through the hardware and software design of the system, and simulation test, proved that the system is reliable. The system can solve the problem of truck brake failure effectively.
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Nugroho Utomo. "RAILWAY STRUCTURES PERFORMANCE DUE TO FREIGHT INTERMODAL SERVICE AT BOJONEGORO – KALITIDU ROUTE". CI-TECH 2, n.º 01 (30 de abril de 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ci-tech.v2i01.30.
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Goods movement using container are quite efficiently assessed because it can carry a great amount of goods fit to container capacity. Freight transportations is a primary component of all supply-chain and logistics systems, but in contrary using a truck as its transportation means causing many problems such as air and noise pollutions, traffic congestions, road accidents and road damage. Depart from this facts, so government is looking for another means of freight transporter which more efficient with a bigger load capacity advantages. This options goes to train as a solutions of intermodal freight transportations lack. In order to supporting intermodal freight transportations, right now double track of railway is available for Jakarta – Surabaya route (Northern line route). By now, noted that freight transportation with double track railway frequency is potentially increase to 15 trip per days with capacity 500 TEU (Twenty feet Equivalent Units) per days and fuel consumptions (with truck) can be thrifted into 115 kl per days also reducing carbon monoxide emission amounts 350 tons per days. According with an official statements from Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportations, explained that Jakarta – Bojonegoro route on double track railway is fully operated so this paper is conducted to determining feasibility of railway structure performance due to freight intermodal transportations at Bojonegoro – Kalitidu route. Railway structure performance feasibility is observed from loading distributions, rail strength, rail sleeper strength, and railway subgrade endurance to planned freight trains. As a result of this research obtained that tension force that occurred on rail is 830,10 kg/cm2 < permitted tension on rail (first class rail) 1325 kg/cm2. So, tension force that occurred on rail is safe. Moment force that occurred on rail bottom is 14521,25 kg.cm < permitted moment force (150.000 kg.cm) Moment force that occurred in the middle of rail sleeper is 58993,978 kg.cm < permitted moment force (93000 kg.cm). Tension force that occurred on above railway subgrade (σ2) is 4,17 kg/cm2 < qu (29,671 kg/cm2). It means that railway subgrade is capable to supporting load of freight transportation operations along Bojonegoro – Kalitidu route.
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Wang, Hui y Xiao Zhi Wang. "Influence of Front Wheel Alignment Parameters on Handling Stability of Vehicle Based on Joint Simulation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (diciembre de 2014): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.832.
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This paper uses AMESim software to establish simulation model of SGA170 mine truck full hydraulic steering system, and validates the correctness of the proposed model. Through the joint simulation, vehicle steady circular test, double lane change test and steering wheel angle input test are verified. By changing the initial alignment parameters of front axle, vehicle handling performance are tested through the same simulation test, and yaw velocity, and the curves of lateral acceleration and vehicle roll angle describing vehicle handling stability are obtained, which provides a reference for the design and improvement of the similar mine truck selection.
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Gan, Mi, Xinyuan Li, Fadong Zhang y Zhenggang He. "Regional Logistics Network Design in Mitigating Truck Flow-Caused Congestion Problems". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (29 de abril de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5197025.
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Truck flow plays a vital role in urban traffic congestion and has a significant influence on cities. In this study, we develop a novel model for solving regional logistics network (RLN) design problems considering the traffic status of the background transportation network. The models determine not only the facility location, initial distribution planning, roadway construction, and expansion decisions but also offer an optimal solution to the logistics network service level and truck-type selections. We first analyze the relationship between the urban transportation network and the RLN design problem using real truck data and traffic flow status in a typical city. Then, we develop the uncover degree function (UDF), which reflects the service degree of the RLN and formulates based on an impedance function. Subsequently, the integrated logistics network design models are proposed. We model the RLN design problem as a minimal cost problem and design double-layer Lagrangian relaxation heuristics algorithms to solve the model problems. Through experiments with data from the six-node problem and Sioux-Falls network, the effectiveness of the models and algorithms is verified. This study contributes to the planning of regional logistics networks while mitigating traffic congestion caused by truck flow.
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Vieira, Frederico Márcio Corrêa, Iran José Oliveira da Silva, José Antonio Delfino Barbosa Filho, Afrânio Márcio Corrêa Vieira, Valéria Cristina Rodrigues-Sarnighausen y Danilo de Brito Garcia. "Thermal stress related with mortality rates on broilers' preslaughter operations: a lairage time effect study". Ciência Rural 41, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2011): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011005000111.
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Concerning the reduction of preslaughter death losses, high temperature and relative humidity in the tropics are the major concerns regarding broiler survival prior slaughtering. However, the relationship between different lairage times under controlled environment and the thermal condition outside the holding area is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare different intervals of lairage time with different environmental temperature and relationship with poultry mortality rates. A study was conducted in a commercial poultry abattoir in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2006. The historical data set from 13,937 trucks, about broiler mortality during preslaughter operations, was given by the abattoir. Factors that influence the welfare of birds were studied, such as lairage time in abattoir and hourly dry-bulb temperature. The statistical analysis was performed using the Double Generalized Linear Models. The lower incidence of death losses before arrival at the processing plant (approximately 13 dead birds per truck) was observed when the lairage time was between 1 to 3 hours, under high temperatures (above 22°C). This effect was more pronounced under critical (25-28°C) and lethal intervals (above 29°C) (12 and 13 dead birds per truck, respectively). In relation to lairage time, the reduction in mortality rates was more pronounced in the intervals up to 1 hour of lairage under climatized conditions, with a reduction of 3 dead birds per truck. It was concluded that thermal stress have negative influence for broilers welfare kept under preslaughter conditions and variations on mortality rate are strongly related with different lairage times.
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Babaioff, M. y N. Nisan. "Concurrent Auctions Across The Supply Chain". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 21 (1 de mayo de 2004): 595–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1316.
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With the recent technological feasibility of electronic commerce over the Internet, much attention has been given to the design of electronic markets for various types of electronically-tradable goods. Such markets, however, will normally need to function in some relationship with markets for other related goods, usually those downstream or upstream in the supply chain. Thus, for example, an electronic market for rubber tires for trucks will likely need to be strongly influenced by the rubber market as well as by the truck market. In this paper we design protocols for exchange of information between a sequence of markets along a single supply chain. These protocols allow each of these markets to function separately, while the information exchanged ensures efficient global behavior across the supply chain. Each market that forms a link in the supply chain operates as a double auction, where the bids on one side of the double auction come from bidders in the corresponding segment of the industry, and the bids on the other side are synthetically generated by the protocol to express the combined information from all other links in the chain. The double auctions in each of the markets can be of several types, and we study several variants of incentive compatible double auctions, comparing them in terms of their efficiency and of the market revenue.
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Parkhomchik, P. A., P. A. Vityaz, A. N. Egorov, V. I. Moiseenko, A. M. Naskovets, D. I. Haritonchik y S. A. Shishko. "Novations in creation and ensuring the competitiveness of BELAZ quarry machinery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 65, n.º 2 (7 de julio de 2020): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2020-65-2-185-196.
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The development tasks of OJSC “BELAZ” – Management Company of Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING”, are defined, which consist in using and introducing the latest achievements in the field of technical sciences and innovative technologies created on their basis into the design and production processes of mining equipment; development of new competitive products and promising sales markets, diversification of exports. Together with scientific organizations, studies have been carried out that have allowed us to develop new and improve existing methodological approaches to solving urgent problems in all problematic areas of creating modern mining dump trucks especially and in excess of extra heavy lifting capacity. OJSC “BELAZ” is the only manufacturer and supplier of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 450–500 tons. As a result of research on the creation of such machines, the model of a short-base maneuverable dump truck with a rigid frame of a special design was first recommended, which reduces the center of gravity and loading height of a mining dump truck, designed according to the 4 × 4 scheme (two drive axles) with double axle busbar and the use of existing tires with a maximum carrying capacity of 104 tons. The proposed and comprehensively tested new layout solutions give reason to believe that the development of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 600 tons is a reality when mastering the production of tires with a carrying capacity of more than 110 tons. А new generation of dump trucks with hydromechanical transmissions is designed; work is underway to create robotic complexes for the mining industry. Particular attention is paid to computerization, digitalization and environmental friendliness of mining equipment, ensuring the reliability of technology by creating and applying new structural materials and technologies for large parts and systems.
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Sendall, Marguerite C., Laura K. McCosker, Rahma Ahmed y Phil Crane. "Truckies' Nutrition and Physical Activity: A Cross-sectional Survey in Queensland, Australia". International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 10, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2019.1533.
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Truck drivers are at increased risk of diet- and physical activity-related chronic diseases. Despite this, there is a paucity of data about Australian truck drivers' diet and physical activity behaviors. A multiple choice and short response survey was distributed to truck drivers attending an Australian Truck Show. The survey asked about self-reported health, source of health information, number of serves of fruit, vegetables, unhealthy food, and sugary drink consumed per day, and frequency of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity per week. The survey was completed by 231 truck drivers—almost all were male, with a mean age of 46 (range 20 to 71) years. Over 85% of survey respondents worked more than 9 hrs per day. Nearly 75% acknowledged the need to make changes to improve their health. Half consumed fewer serves of fruit and 88% consumed fewer serves of vegetables than national recommendations. Over 63% consumed at least one serve of unhealthy foods per day, and 65% drank at least one can of sugary drink per day. Most (80%) undertook less than moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels provided in national recommendations. Of concern, almost 90% of drivers had above the recommended body mass index—approximately 60% were obese. This is almost double the proportion found in the general population. These findings highlight the importance of health promotion to help drivers make better choices about their health behaviors, which are often underpinned by the limitations of their work environment. Health promotion in transport industry workplaces should be an important topic for future research.
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Yang, Xiaobo. "Impact of Driver's Steer Control on Truck-Trailer Combination when Negotiating NATO Double Lane Change Maneuver". SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 6, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2013): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0404.
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Kusumakar, Rakshith, Lejo Buning, Frank Rieck, Peter Schuur y Frans Tillema. "INTRALOG – intelligent autonomous truck applications in logistics; single and double articulated autonomous rearward docking on DCs". IET Intelligent Transport Systems 12, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2018.0083.
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Li, R. W., D. S. Cao, H. Wu y D. F. Wang. "Collapse analysis and damage evaluation of typical simply supported double-pier RC bridge under truck collision". Structures 33 (octubre de 2021): 3222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.041.
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Sun, Li, Yongchen SunLiu y Naiji Fu. "Optimization Design on Triangle Plate of Auxiliary Frame of Mixer Truck". Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, n.º 1 (16 de septiembre de 2014): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010297.
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In order to solve the question of crack of the auxiliary frame of mixer truck, especially with the life of the triangle welding position is low, the triangle support of auxiliary frame optimization design is put forward Firstly, three dimensional structure model of auxiliary frame is established by Pro/E and the model is imported into HyperMesh software for meshing. The solver RADIOSS is used to calculate the maximum stress and the positions at the different full load conditions. Including the static, left front wheel lifted up by 210 mm, the right rear wheels (double) lifted up by 210 mm and the left front and right rear wheels lifted simultaneously up by 210 mm. Then the experimental vehicle test is performed. The test results and simulation results are compared and show a good consistency and the accuracy of the finite element model is validated. Then the three optimization design schemes of the triangle are put forward and the maximum stress of the optimal auxiliary frame are calculated in contrast with the original stress. The scheme 2 is found to be the most optimal, which provides an effective method for solving the fatigue of the auxiliary frame.
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Xu, Wan Hong, Cheng Shuang Zhang y Shou Yan Wang. "Design and Simulating Analysis of Compressed Garbage Transport Truck Lifting Mechanism Based on ADAMS". Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (noviembre de 2012): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1224.
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The different lifting mechanisms of compressed garbage transport trunks are analyzed and compared, and the impact of characters and parameters on the functions of the machines is also analyzed. Finally, a kind of lifting mechanism on the basis of the principle of double docking bars is put forward. Creating 3D models of lifting mechanism based on the Pro/E, and using ADAMS to simulating analysis about motion process of mechanism, then the dynamic curve about acceleration of waste bin, press of hydraulic cylinder and other parameters can be gotten, which is valided of optimality of the mechanism and provided reference for a more comprehensive analysis and optimization of similar institutions later.
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Zhang, Wei, Jue Yang, Wenming Zhang y Fei Ma. "Research on Regenerative Braking of Pure Electric Mining Dump Truck". World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020039.
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When the pure electric mining dump truck is working, it mainly ascends the slope at full load and descends the slope at no load. The loading state of the vehicle and the slope of the road will directly affect its axle load distribution and braking force distribution. In this paper, the slope dynamics analysis of the pure electric double-axle four-wheel drive mining dump truck was carried out. Based on the regenerative braking priority strategy, four regenerative braking control methods were developed based on the Matlab/Simulink platform and ADVISOR 2002 vehicle simulation software to study the ability of regenerative braking energy recovery and its impact on vehicle economic performance. The simulation results show that the regenerative braking priority control strategy used can maximize the regenerative braking force of the vehicle; the regenerative energy recovery capability of pure electric mining dump truck is proportional to the regenerative braking force that can be provided during braking; the two-axis braking strategy based on the I curve and the β line can make full use of the front and rear axle regenerative braking force when the braking intensity is large, and recover more braking energy; under road drive cycle, the single-axis braking force required to the braking strategy based on the maximized front axle braking force is the largest among all strategies, the motor braking efficiency is the highest, and the recovered braking energy is the most. For the studied drive cycle, the regenerative braking technology can reduce the vehicle energy consumption by 1.06%–1.56%. If appropriate measures are taken to improve the road surface condition and reduce the rolling resistance coefficient from f = 0.04 to f = 0.02, the regenerative braking technology can further reduce the vehicle energy consumption to 4.76%–5.73%. The economic performance of the vehicle is improved compared to no regenerative braking. In addition, the vehicle loading state and the driving motor working efficiency also directly affect the regenerative braking energy recovery capability of the pure electric mining truck.
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Ding, Jing y Sang Luo. "A Sixteen-Year Review of Condition Survey and Analysis of Steel Deck Pavement on Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge". Materials Science Forum 873 (septiembre de 2016): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.873.91.
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To obtain a complete picture of the steel deck pavement condition on Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge, an on-site survey for different pavement structures was conducted to collect information regarding traffic volume and extents of pavement distresses, including gussaphalt pavement, gussasphalt lower plus epoxy asphalt above pavement and double-layer epoxy asphalt pavement. The pavement performance under the combination of heavy truck loading and extreme climate condition was discussed to summarize the technology requirements of orthotropic steel deck pavement. The research findings provide reference for orthotropic steel deck paving worldwide.
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Percy, A. y I. Spark. "A numerical control algorithm for a B-double truck–trailer with steerable trailer wheels and active hitch angles". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 226, n.º 3 (22 de agosto de 2011): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011417355.
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Yan, Shu Ming, Ning Jia, Xin Wang, Liang Ma, Xiang Zhang, De He Li y Ya Ping Liang. "Research on High Crashworthiness Level Bridge Barrier with Limited Working Width". Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (septiembre de 2013): 1521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1521.
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The distance between barriers of lower deck and bridge piers of upper deck is small in Luotang River Double-Deck Viaduct. And so impact accidents with barriers of lower deck will result in vehicle frontal impact with bridge piers of upper deck, which will cause serious consequences for the main structure of bridge. So it is necessary to design a special barrier for bridge pier protecting. A kind of composite barrier is put forward considering safety performance, landscape, economic and other factors. This barrier adopted impact resistant steel as upper part and reinforced concrete wall as lower part. The barrier safety performance was evaluated by means of computer simulation with simulation models checked through full-scale impact tests results. The analysis results indicate that this barrier can protect bus with impact energy of 520kJ, unit truck with 650kJ and tractor-trailer truck with 894kJ, far higher than the highest impact energy 520kJ in current standards, and the entire performance index can meet standard requirements. It can be sure that during the impact process the deformed barrier and incline-out vehicles cannot collide with bridge piers of upper deck.
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Hajdu, Flóra y Rajmund Kuti. "Development of a simulation model for analyzing vibrations of a double cabin fire truck and their effects on firefighters". IARJSET 6, n.º 5 (30 de mayo de 2019): 74–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2019.6511.
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Douglas, Robert A. "Regional Network Analysis of Primary-Industry Truck Traffic on Public Roads in New Zealand by Using Geographic Information Systems". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-16.
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Industrial forestry activities in New Zealand are now in a phase of unprecedented growth: the annual cut will double from 18 million m3 to well over 30 million m3 a year during the next 5 years. Given that most of the wood is taken from forest to mill or port by road in New Zealand, including a portion of the trip on public highways, the impacts of the doubling in logging truck traffic will be significant and severe. New Zealand’s roads have, for the most part, thin-sealed, unbound pavements. New Zealand’s second-largest industrial sector is tourism. Pavements and tourists will feel the impact of the looming increase in logging truck traffic unless steps are taken to anticipate the changes in traffic volumes and patterns. There is the complicating factor that the dairy industry too is now expanding rapidly with associated increases in raw milk tanker traffic. There is some friction between the forest industry and the dairy industry over which will be responsible for the increased strengthening, rehabilitation, and maintenance of roads. Research is under way to use regional network analysis and geographic information systems to predict the increases in heavy-truck traffic and changes in its distribution on public roads. This is the first step toward devising measures to mitigate the impacts and is a precursor to the implementation of pavement management. A unique opportunity exists in southern New Zealand: cooperation between forest operators and government agencies in the Otago and Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand on large-scale projects, providing the environment needed to examine such large, landscape-scale problems.
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Correa, J. A., H. W. Gonyou, S. Torrey, T. Widowski, R. Bergeron, T. G. Crowe, J. P. Laforest y L. Faucitano. "Welfare and carcass and meat quality of pigs being transported for two hours using two vehicle types during two seasons of the year". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, n.º 1 (marzo de 2013): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-088.
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Correa, J. A., Gonyou, H. W., Torrey, S., Widowski, T., Bergeron, R., Crowe, T. G., Laforest, J. P. and Faucitano, L. 2013. Welfare and carcass and meat quality of pigs being transported for two hours using two vehicle types during two seasons of the year. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 43–55. A total of 3756 pigs were transported for 2 h in summer and winter using a “pot-belly” trailer (PB) and a hydraulic double-decked truck (DD) in order to assess the effect of vehicle design on animal welfare and carcass and meat quality. Animal welfare was assessed in randomly selected barrows by measuring heart rate of pigs and lactate and creatine phospho-kinase (CPK) concentrations in exsanguination blood. Skin damage was scored and meat quality was evaluated in the longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM) and adductor (AD) muscles. Heart rates in winter were higher (P< 0.01) during transport, at unloading and in lairage. Blood CPK and lactate concentrations at slaughter were higher (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in pigs transported on the PB trailer. Bruises increased in winter (P<0.001) and in pigs from the DD truck (P<0.05). The pHu was higher (P< 0.01) in all muscles and L* value was lower (P<0.05) in the LD muscle from pigs transported in the PB trailer. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the type of vehicle, animal location in the truck and the season affect the welfare of pigs during transport with clear consequences on skin bruises and pork quality variation.
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Kumagai, Masaaki y Kaoru Tamada. "Wheel Locomotion of a Biped Robot Using Passive Rollers – Large Biped Robot Roller Walking Using a Variable-Curvature Truck –". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2008): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0206.
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This paper proposes the leg-wheel locomotion of a biped robot. The feet of the robot consist of wheels that move forward with the periodic motion of a leg under a double-leg support. There are many types of approach leg-wheel hybrid systems; however, biped system with passive wheels is rarely used. A special axle mechanism is introduced so that the wheels could smoothly track a curved path for propulsive motion. Finally, the robot achieves not only straight and circular motion but also pivoting motion that is significantly faster than walking, while implementing a minimal number of simple components. The concept of locomotion, function of the mechanism, and experimental results are described in this paper.
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Liu, Rongsheng, Yingjie Gao, Sen Yang y Yulin Yang. "Vibration Control of the Boom System of Truck-Mounted Concrete Pump Based on Constant-Position Commandless Input Shaping Technique". Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/420935.
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Vibration of the boom system is inevitably caused by periodic disturbances, which are induced by pumping concrete. In this paper, an active control strategy of constant-position commandless input shaping technique is developed to suppress vibration. Based on a set of independent modal equations obtained by adopting modal approach, the double-impulse control with reverse direction is proposed, which is aiming at not only suppressing vibration, but also avoiding the variation of the equilibrium position of the boom system after active control action. And the characteristic of time-lag existing in real system is also taken into account for optimizing the control action. Experiments of vibration control were implemented on a 52-meter-long five-boom system to verify the proposed control strategy.
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Kabe, K., K. Rachi, N. Takahashi y Y. Kaga. "Tire Design Methodology Based on Safety Factor to Satisfy Tire Life (Simulation Approach to Truck and Bus Tire Design)". Tire Science and Technology 33, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2005): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2174343.
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Abstract A tire is not only simply made of rubber, but also twisted cord, which we can call FRR (Fiber Reinforced Rubber). The rubber in FRR is made of many materials, including rubber compound, carbon black, silica, and other materials. FRR is a double composite material, which means a particle reinforced material in a microscopic view and also a fiber reinforced one in a macroscopic view. Therefore, it is very difficult to apply fracture mechanics to the evaluation of tire durability on a practical tire design level. This paper gives a proposal for a new design methodology considering the actual tire condition which gives tire profile growth and rubber aging due to heat build-up under operation. These two issues are especially important for truck and bus tire design. Tire profile growth is a very important one because the change of tire profile induces different strains in the rubber at the same location in the tire during its life. We apply the FEM (Finite Element Modeling) based Double Inflation Pressure (DIP) method to simulate the experimental fact of the change of tire profile. In order to use the relationship between the change of the tire profile and change of rubber properties, like breaking strain in the tire as service time passes, the concept of safety factor is introduced. The low modulus rubber parts in the tire dominate the strain field and allow the large deformations of the tire. Safety factors derived from the strain field are called “Margin of Safety.” On the other hand, the durability of FRR, like the belt layer and carcass layer with the cord part, is evaluated by stress because the FRR part reacts to the stress of the internal pressure and load of the tire. But, the Margin of Safety of the rubber part is more important because the cord part has enough safety factor in comparison with the rubber part. Tire life is predicted with the Margin of Safety described above.
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Hoyle, J. "Bump steer effects in a 10 ton truck with a leaf-spring suspension". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 1051–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto180.
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A 10 t truck with a leaf-spring suspension and beam axles was known to have suffered an incident during normal road operation that was believed to have been related to the phenomenon of bump steer. Experimental investigations using a four-post rig established that the vehicle was particularly excited while traversing, at approximately 25 m/s, a sinusoidal undulating road profile that had a wavelength of approximately 12 m. Bump steer was evident under these conditions, and the excited frequency of approximately 2.4 Hz raised the possibility that driver reaction times (a lag of approximately 0.2 s) could have compounded the problem when trying to counter the effect of the bump steer. A handling model of the vehicle has been used to investigate the bump steer effects. A three-degree-of-freedom handling model of the vehicle was created that included a non-linear tyre model, which was able to simulate the differing cornering stiffness effects created by varying tyre loads, friction limits, and slip angles. A driver model was created that made use of lateral displacement and intended vehicle-path return rate feedback loops (effectively proportional and differential feedback) but incorporated a neuromuscular lag element and steer rate and steer angle limiting functions. Simulations of violent high-speed double-lane-change manoeuvres enabled the driver's return rate and lateral displacement feedback gains to be benchmarked for these conditions. Further simulations using these feedback gains showed that, when coupled with the bump steer of the vehicle at an excitation frequency of 2.4 Hz, a typical neuromuscular lag of 0.2 s created an approximately 150° out-of-phase response from the driver that resulted in an unstable oscillatory handling system. If the neuromuscular lag was reduced to near-zero, the system remained stable in spite of the high feedback gains. Alternatively, reducing the driver's feedback gains by 50 per cent also resulted in a stable system, in spite of the neuromuscular lag, thereby demonstrating that the correct response to the bump steer effects was not to respond to them. Actual vehicle trials conducted under controlled conditions at various road locations (including the incident location) and other test centres demonstrated that this was indeed the correct response should bump steer be encountered.
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Percy, Andrew y Ian Spark. "A numerical control algorithm for a B-double truck–trailer with steerable trailer wheels and active hitch angles. Part 2: Reversing". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 227, n.º 6 (10 de septiembre de 2012): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407012455153.
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Gao, Jingqin, Kun Xie y Kaan Ozbay. "Exploring the Spatial Dependence and Selection Bias of Double Parking Citations Data". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n.º 42 (18 de agosto de 2018): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792323.
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Parking violation citations, often used to identify factors contributing to parking violation behavior, offer one of the most valuable datasets for traffic operation research. However, little has been done to examine their spatial dependence caused by location-specific differences in features such as traffic, land use, etc., and potential selection biases resulting from different effects of traffic enforcement. This study leveraged extensive data on double parking citations in Manhattan, New York City, in 2015, along with other relevant datasets including land use, transportation, and sociodemographic features. Moran’s I statistics confirmed that double parking tickets were spatially correlated so that spatial lag and spatial error models were proposed to account for the spatial dependence of parking tickets to avoid biased estimates. To investigate whether selection bias exists in issuing tickets, we estimated the effects of parking ticket density and police precinct distance, when controlling for variables such as commercial area, truck activity, taxi demand, population, hotels, and restaurants. Parking ticket density and police precinct distance were used as indicators of the enforcement levels and coverage and were found to be statistically significant. This indicated the existence of selection bias due to heterogeneity in enforcement levels or coverage across different regions. Moreover, patrol patterns of traffic enforcement officers revealed that the majority had less than three daily patterns. These findings can assist with proper usage of the citation data by recommending that researchers and agencies consider spatial dependence as well as selection bias, and provide insights for parking violation management strategies.
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Jia, Yun Hai. "Research on Friction Disk’s Surface Temperature Distribution and Oil Groove Configuration in Wet Friction Clutch". Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (diciembre de 2011): 1218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1218.
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Multi-plate wet friction clutch is one of key components of duty truck hydrodynamic-mechanical transmission. Super-heated burn and warping deformation are main invalidation forms of wet friction clutch. It is one of effectual methods to augment friction coefficient and prolong natural life of wet friction clutch that friction disks’ surface temperature and radial temperature are reduced. Compute method of friction disk surface temperature is obtained using theory analysis and confirmed correctness using finite element analysis. It is salience character of wet friction clutch that there are some oil grooves in friction disk surface. These oil grooves can increase friction coefficient and emanate heat quantity. Confirming conformable friction disk’s surface oil groove configuration by experiment research is received. It confirmed that the appropriate surface oil groove configuration of friction disk should be double-arc groove.
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Pavageau, M., E. M. Nieto y C. Rey. "Odour and VOC confining in large enclosures using air curtains". Water Science and Technology 44, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2001): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0532.
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Experiments were conducted on a two stream air-curtain prototype designed for VOC and odour confinement in a truck unloading area. The emphasis was placed on the air supply device. Measurements using tracer gas techniques were performed to assess the effectiveness of the system in terms of air tightness. Leakage flow rate was estimated for various feeding arrangements. Flow visualisations and particle image velocimetry measurements were carried out for a better understanding of the flow dynamics. Evidence was given of the improvements brought by the herein referred to, “double flux” configuration in comparison to traditional designs. After a brief description of the experimental facility and the basic principle underlying the approach developed, the main results are reported and discussed and recommendations are drawn. Considerations about where the effort will be directed in future works are provided.
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Romadlon, Fauzan, Hadi Kurniawan y Ridho Ananda. "Analysis of Postponement Practice in Cement Supply Chain: A Case Study". Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 19, n.º 2 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jiti.v19i2.11343.
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This research focuses on assessing implementing postponement in a cement industry especially for OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) in Indonesia. The company offers three postponement points; Ciawi and Kampung Rambutan, and Jatiwarna. This research has been done with observational method to map customer condition. Moreover, implementing linear programming model is used to gain optimal solution for allocated truck. The results are, highest proportion of OPC customer is in Jakarta, followed Karawang, and Bogor. The result from linear programming model simulation, Ciawi point is assigned to serve Jakarta and Bogor’ customers, Kampung Rambutan point is assigned for Jakarta and Kawarang’ customers, and Jatiwarna point is prepared for Jakarta, Karawang, Bekasi, Lampung, Pekalongan, Tangerang, and Serang’ customers. So, implementing postponement can increase customer satisfaction without adding higher cost such as investment cost. The cement industry encounter effectiveness and responsiveness even tough, some problem shall be taken such as double administration process (manual and computerized).
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Ammar, Ahmed Siddique. "A Rare Case of Isolated Sigmoid Colon Perforation in Patient with Blunt Trauma Abdomen". Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Surgical Care 7, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ets-8798/100053.
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A 47 years old male presented to emergency department with history of pain abdomen after road traffic accident 6 hours back. He had deceleration injury while driving a minivan when he hit a truck parked on road side. On presentation, his Airway and breathing was intact with GCS 15/15.Pulse was 110/min and blood pressure was 100/70 mmHg. His abdomen was generalized tender, mostly in the hypogastrium. Digital rectal examination was normal. Ultrasound abdomen showed free fluid in the peritoneal cavity and chest and abdominal X-rays were unremarkable. On opening the abdomen there was 7×7 cm isolated perforation in sigmoid colon 5 cm proximal to recto sigmoid junction. Repair of perforation was done and proximal double barrel sigmoid colostomy was made. Patient was discharged on 3rd post-operative day. Later after 4 months reversal of sigmoid colostomy was done and patient was discharged.
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Kutz, Philipp Werner, Jan Werner y Frank Otremba. "Testing of Composite Material for Transport Tanks for LNG". Key Engineering Materials 809 (junio de 2019): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.625.
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To reduce the emission of carbondyoxide (CO2) of combustion engines, liquefied naturalgas (LNG) is used as an alternative fuel. LNG is transported via truck, ship or railway for longdistances. Double walled stainless steel tanks are used for transportation, which are heavy and expensive.The vacuum insulation between the two walled structure ensures that the LNG stays liquid overthe transportation time (boiling point of LNG: −162 °C). This causes a high temperature differencebetween the transported good and the ambient air. A simplified tank construction is used to reduce the weight and price of the tank. Instead of stainlesssteel, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) is used. The designed is changed to a single walledconstruction with a solid insulation material outside on the GFRP structure. Goal of this work is the characterization of a suitable insulation material and configuration as wellas the analysis of the mechanical properties of GFRP under cryogenic conditions. Several experimentsare carried out. Numerical models of these experiments can then be used for parameter studies.
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Faller, Ronald K., Dean L. Sicking, Karla A. Polivka, John R. Rohde y Bob W. Bielenberg. "Long-Span Guardrail System for Culvert Applications". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-03.
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A long-span guardrail for use over low-fill culverts was developed and successfully crash tested. The guardrail system was configured with 30.48 m of nested, 12-gauge W-beam rail and centered around a 7.62-m-long unsupported span. The nested W-beam rail was supported by 16 W152×13.4 steel posts and 6 standard CRT posts, each with two 150-mm×200×360 mm wood block-outs. Each post was 1830 mm long. Post spacings were 1905 mm on center, except for the 7.62-m spacing between the two CRT posts surrounding the long span. The research study included computer simulation modeling with Barrier VII and full-scale vehicle crash testing, using 3/4-ton (680-kg) pickup trucks in accordance with the Test Level 3 (TL-3) requirements specified in NCHRP Report 350. Three full-scale vehicle crash tests were performed. The first test was unsuccessful because of severe vehicle penetration into the guardrail system. This penetration resulted from a loss of rail tensile capacity during vehicle redirection when the swagged fitting on the cable anchor assembly failed. A second test was performed on the same design, which contained a new cable anchor assembly. During vehicle redirection, the pickup truck rolled over and the test was considered a failure. The long-span system was subsequently redesigned to incorporate double block-outs on the CRT posts and crash tested again. Following the successful third test, the long-span guardrail system was determined to meet TL-3 criteria.
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Xu, Fei y Steven Pinker. "Weird past tense forms". Journal of Child Language 22, n.º 3 (octubre de 1995): 531–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009946.
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ABSTRACTIt is often assumed that children go through a stage in which they systematically overapply irregular past tense patterns to inappropriate verbs, as inwipe-wope, bring-brang, trick-truck, walk-has walken. Such errors have been interpreted both as reflecting over-use of minor grammatical rules (e.g. ‘changeitoa’), and as reflecting the operation of a connectionist pattern associator network that superimposes and blends patterns of various degrees of generality. But the actual rate, time course, and nature of these errors have never been documented. We analysed 20,000 past tense and participle usages from nine children in the CHILDES database, looking for overapplications of irregular vowel-change patterns, as inbrang, blends, as inbranged, productive suffixations of -en, as inwalken, gross distortions, as inmail-membled, and double-suffixation, as inwalkeded. These errors were collectively quite rare; children made them in about two tenths of one per cent of the opportunities, and with few stable patterns: the errors were not predominantly word-substitutions, did not occur predominantly with irregular stems, showed no consistency across verbs or ages, and showed no clear age trend. Most (though not all) of the errors were based closely on existing irregular verbs; gross distortions never occurred. We suggest that both rule-theories and connectionist theories have tended to overestimate the predominance of such errors. Children master irregular forms quite accurately, presumably because irregular forms are just a special case of the arbitrary sound-meaning pairings that define words, and because children are good at learning words.
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Dey, Soumya S., Benito O. Pérez, Laura Richards, Alek Pochowski, Meredyth Sanders, Matt Darst, Eduardo Cardenas Sanchez y Stephanie Dock. "Demystifying Urban Curbside Freight Management: Strategic Incremental Approach from Washington, D.C." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n.º 12 (11 de julio de 2019): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119863773.
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Loading zones and commercial vehicle activity are issues in cities across the country including the District of Columbia. Like other major U.S. cities, the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) has tried a variety of initiatives to alleviate the strain commercial vehicle activity places on the overall transportation system. These include metering or otherwise pricing loading zones and parking, expanding the size and increasing the number of loading zones, increasing the number of metered parking spaces, extending loading and metering time periods, simplifying and standardizing truck parking rules, and encouraging nighttime or off-peak goods delivery. These initiatives have had some success but a more targeted approach was needed, especially to address non-commercial vehicles parking in loading zones and thus pushing delivery vehicles to double park while loading and unloading. As part of the parkDC: Penn Quarter/Chinatown performance parking pilot, DDOT attempted to reduce the number of illegally parked cars blocking loading zones by raising prices to the highest prevailing rate on the blockface and increasing loading zone availability by extending the hours of operation of loading zones. Moving forward, DDOT has identified several next steps including: oversize/overweight vehicle routing, increased and targeted loading zone enforcement, increased disincentives for violations, data-driven modifications to the loading zone program, and modifications to the pay-by-cell program to mitigate non-trucks paying to park in loading zones. As gaps in understanding curbside movement close with increased data availability, the District expects the programs associated with curbside management to evolve to reflect smarter policy, program, and management practices.
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Prasetya, Syarief Gerald. "ANALISIS OPTIMALISASI PENJUALAN FURNITURE MELALUI LINIER PROGAMMING DENGAN METODE SIMPLEKS PADA PT CAHAYA SAKTI MULTI INTRACO BOGOR". Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga 8, n.º 02 (25 de mayo de 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/jib.v8i02.325.
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PT. Cahaya Sakti Multi Intraco is a trading company engaged in the procurement of furniture has a variety of types and a variety of brands. In the course of his business face several obstacles in planning the allocation handling products. From one brand alone was encountered problems in the combination of the products offered. Olympic brand is the core product to penetrate the domestic furniture market. Fluctuations in demand for goods erratic from one period to another period resulted in a shortage or oversupplyProducts PT Cahaya Sakti Multi Intraco ie Kitchen Set ( KS ), Cabinet Decorative ( LH ), Wardrobe ( LP ), Desk Study ( MB ) and other furniture products ( OT ). There are several obstacles in the selling of each of these products are: 1 ). The type of vehicle ( truck ) is used to fit furniture consisting of a capacity of 5,500 kgs ( Ants ) , 10,500 kgs ( Elephant ) , 13,500 kgs ( Container 20 ' feet ) , 15,000 kgs ( Double ankle ) , and 27,000 kgs ( Container 40 " feet / Tronton ) . 2 ) Maximum capacity warehouse Branch consisting of : A maximum value of 700 million ( Small Branch ) . 1,000 million ( Branch Intermediate ) , 1.600 million ( Big Branch ) . 3 ). Request for furniture products : KS as much as 4,200 units , as many as 2,600 units LH , LP as many as 11,500 units , as many as 5,200 units of MB and OT . as many as 7,000 units . Discussion of the results obtained by a linear function which aims to maximize sales ie sales = 363 X1 + 830 X2 + X3 604 + 347 + 366 X4 and X5 linear equations of the constraints that exist , namely : Freight truck type vehicle Ants = 23X1 + 8x2 + 24X3 + 22X4 +50 x5 ≤ 5,500,000 grams , Elephant = 44X1 + 15X2 + 46X3 + 43X4 +95 x5 ≤ 10,500,000 grams , Container 20 " = 56X1 + 19X2 + 59X3 + 55X4 +122 x5 ≤ 13,500,000 grams , Double ankle = 63X1 + 21X2 + 66X3 + 61X4 +135 x5 ≤ 15,000,000 grams , Container 40 " = 113X1 + 38X2 + 119X3 + 110X4 +244 x5 ≤ 27,000,000 grams and warehouse capacity Capacity Big Branch = 617X1 + 173X2 + 954X3 + 784X4 +1.0499 X5 ≤ 1,600,000,000 smu , Branch Intermediate = 386X1 + 108X2 + 596X3 + 490X4 +656 x5 ≤ 1,000,000,000 smu , and Small Branch = 270X1 + 76X2 + 417X3 + 343X4 +459 700 000 000 X5 ≤ smu , furniture Request KS ( X1 ) = ≤ 4,200 units , LH ( X2 ) = ≤ 2,600 units , LP ( X3 ) = ≤ 11,500 units , MB ( X4 ) = ≤ 5.200 , and OT ( X5 ) = ≤ 7,000 units units Total sales of Olympic brand furniture acquired PT Cahaya Sakti Multi Intraco per month is Rp . Rp 14,995,000.00 or a year . 179,940,000.00 assuming the acquisition of sales in accordance with the objective function and constraint functions remain.Keywords : optimization , sales , linear programming
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Acuña, Marcelo Andrés, Gustavo Simão Rodrigues, Rafael Vitor Guerra Queiroz y Elias Dias Rossi Lopes. "Modeling and dynamic analysis of a 6 x 6 heavy military truck by adaptive model predictive control with application to NATO lane change test course". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, n.º 13 (10 de junio de 2020): 3128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020924156.
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In this paper, the computer-aided vehicle dynamic analysis of a 6x6 heavy military truck is presented and examined. For the analysis, a MATLAB/Simulink® platform is used to design and model a truck. The vehicle configuration taken into account for the analysis is the powertrain (engine, gear box, transfer gear, differential), suspension, steering system and tire model according to the Pacekja 89’ formulation. In addition, the effect of the rolling resistance and drag is considered, in order to represent the vehicle behavior as real as possible. The longitudinal dynamic and lateral dynamic are formulated. First, the longitudinal dynamic model is established by means of implementation of the weight transfer function. The vehicles are considered as rigid bodies with 1 degree of freedom. Second, the vehicular planar model with three wheels, well known as bicycle model, is applied following the North Atlantic Treaty Organization double line change maneuver test reaching 3 degree of freedom. The driver behavior is represented by using an adaptive model predictive control varying the longitudinal velocity. The forces for braking, inertia of the rotating components, the energy lost in the powertrain, and the effect of dive squat and rollover. The numerical simulation results are shown and compared with a full-vehicle model formed by using Mechanical Simulation Corporation’s truckSIM®. There were chosen simulation scenarios applied to the model to observe the effects of different parameters concerning the dynamic behavior, and also prepared in truckSIM® environment. The main contributions of this article are the development of the vehicular model, through the use of block diagrams in a reliable and relatively simple programming code such as MATLAB/Simulink®, with innovative tools used in the control of autonomous vehicle driving and the flexibility to adapt said model to different environmental conditions and different vehicle parameters.
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Abdelkareem, Mohamed A. A., Ran Zhang, Xingjian Jing, Xu Wang y Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali. "Characterization and implementation of a double-sided arm-toothed indirect-drive rotary electromagnetic energy-harvesting shock absorber in a full semi-trailer truck suspension platform". Energy 239 (enero de 2022): 121976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121976.
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Kaloop, Mosbeh R., Emad Elbeltagi y Jong Wan Hu. "Estimating the Dynamic Behavior of Highway Steel Plate Girder Bridges Using Real-Time Strain Measurements". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 12 (19 de junio de 2020): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124215.
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are used to assess the behavior of structures during or after construction. The high cost of sensors is the main reason for the limited use of the SHM techniques. The present study investigates the dynamic behavior (dynamic acceleration, semi-static displacement, frequency and damping ratio) of highway steel plate girder bridges using strain measurements. The double filtration and polynomial prediction methods are used to estimate the dynamic behavior of the bridge using real-time strain measurements. To verify the accuracy of the developed method, the field monitoring measurements of the WonHyo bridge is used. The bridge behavior under different truck speeds and weights is observed and evaluated. The displacement and acceleration measurements are used to examine the results of the proposed method. The results of this study demonstrate that the strain measurements can be used to obtain an accurate semi-static displacement and dominant frequency content of the bridge. The accuracy of the developed model for the semi-static and dynamic behaviors is 99% and 69%, respectively.