Tesis sobre el tema "Eau – Épuration – Élimination de l'arsenic"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Eau – Épuration – Élimination de l'arsenic".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Zaiter-Al, Houayek Marie. "Étude des matériaux constituants les barrières perméables réactives pour le traitement de l'arsenic : conception, expérimentation, modélisation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0981.
Texto completoThe important toxicity of dissolved arsenic, and the latest WHO recommendations reducing its maximum concentration in drinking water from 50 µg/l to 10 µg/l, justify research and development of new retention systems. One possible method of rehabilitation of contaminated sites is the use of Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) containing specific porous materials adapted to the retention of anionic species. Among several retention materials, due to bibliography and preliminary tests, we have selected a commercial activated alumina. Laboratory tests permitted to specify its chemical and mechanical stability, its hydraulic properties, its specific surface and its large retention capacity in a wide range of pH. Conception and prediction of the in-situ behaviour of the PRB necessitate a precise description of adsorption and transport of arsenic in laboratory columns filled with activated alumina. Thus, static experimental batch tests were first conducted. Results have been “tested” on two different models of adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir. This allowed us to determine and understand adsorption mechanisms that occur between arsenic and alumina, as well as the effects of principal competing ions and pH on arsenic retention and maximal adsorption capacities of the material. These results were validated by the analysis of the breakthrough curves of arsenic obtained in percolation tests (dynamic experiences). The presence of non equilibrated phenomena, which increased the retention capacities of the filter, was evidenced. Effects of contact time and grain sizes on adsorption were studied, as well as the importance of intragranular diffusion on adsorption capacities and lifetime of the columns. A second order kinetic retention was evidenced, on batch as well as on percolations results. Using all laboratory results, a representative retarded reactive transport model of arsenic was proposed, in order to simulate the behaviour of experimental columns. A linear approximation of Langmuir isotherm was used. Effects of mass coefficient and dispersivity on the shape of the breakthrough curves were studied
Ahoulé, Dompé Ghislain maxime. "Performances comparatives des techniques de nanofiltration et d’osmose inverse pour le traitement d'eau de consommation contaminée à l'arsenic au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS025/document.
Texto completoIn order to produce potable water for human consumption, a study was carried out on the technical feasibility of arsenic-rich borehole water treatment by membrane process. Firstly the efficiency of two commercial membranes (NF2Une étude a été menée sur la faisabilité technique du traitement de potabilisation des eaux de forage contaminées à l’arsenic par procédé membranaire. Pour ce faire, l’efficacité de deux membranes commerciales (NF270 et TW30) vis-à-vis de la rétention des espèces d’arsenic, arsénite [As (III)] et arséniate [As (V)], a été d’abord comparée sous différentes conditions expérimentales. Ensuite, la contribution des différents mécanismes intervenant dans l’élimination des espèces d’arsenic a été identifiée. Enfin, la membrane la plus performante a été utilisée pour le traitement d’une eau souterraine naturellement riche en arsenic. Il ressort de cette étude que la pression opératoire et le pH sont les paramètres importants sur lesquels il faut agir pour améliorer l’efficacité du système membranaire pour le traitement de l’arsenic. L’As(V) est facilement éliminé par rapport à l’As (III) aussi bien avec la membrane de nanofiltration que d’osmose inverse. Toutefois, la membrane d’osmose inverse (TW30) permet une meilleure élimination des différentes espèces d’arsenic que la membrane NF270. Cela est dû au fait que la membrane TW30 est une membrane dense. L’application de cette membrane pour la production d’eau potable à partir d’une eau de forage contenant 413,74µg/L d’arsenic total dont 405,63µg/L d’As (V) et 8,11 µg/L d’As (III) a donné une concentration d’arsenic total dans l’eau traitée de 9,99 µg/L soit un taux de rétention de 97,6% et un volume d’eau traité correspondant à 70% du volume d’eau brute. Il est donc possible de mettre en place un procédé de traitement de ces eaux de forage à partir de la membrane TW30 afin de produire de l’eau potable pour les populations du nord du Burkina Faso. La performance de ce procédé peut être encore améliorée en oxydant l’As (III) en As (V) avant filtration.70 and TW30) for different arsenic species removal, arsenite [As (III)] and arsenate [As (V)], was compared under various experimental conditions. Afterward, the contribution of mechanisms in As species removal was determined. Finally, the most efficient membrane was used for As-rich groundwater treatment. Results show that, applied pressure and feed pH are the important parameters which must be considered if As removal wants to be improved. As (V) is much easily removed than As (III) both NF270 and TW30 membranes. Nevertheless, TW30 membrane has a better removal of As species than NF270 membrane. It is due to the fact that TW30 membrane is a compact membrane. The application of this membrane for potable water production from naturally contaminated groundwater containing 413.74 µg/L of total arsenic (405.63 µg/L of As (V) and 8.11 µg/L of As (III)) gave a treated water of 9.99 µg/L (97.6% of rejection) of total As concentration and water produced volume equivalent to 70% of raw water volume. Therefore, it is possible to implement a treatment process with TW30 membrane to remove arsenic from naturally contaminated groundwater coming from the northern part of Burkina Faso. The efficiency of this process can be improved again by oxidizing As (III) in As (V) before filtration
Michon, Jérôme. "Etude de l’oxydation biologique de l’arsenic As(III) par le consortium bactérien CAsO1 : mise au point de méthodes de détection et application à la détoxification d’effluents". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6a8c8ca9-38b7-4688-89f5-1b36ed58553c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0064.pdf.
Texto completoThis work concerned the evaluation and the development of an arsenic(III)-oxidizing population in reactors, for drinking water production and waste water arsenic contaminated treatment. The process of the biological oxidation of arsenite was carried out with an autotrophic bacterial population named CAsO1. This population was phylogenetically related to Thiomonas. Two easy to handle analytical methods were developed: the determination of total arsenic was carried out by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), and that concerning As(III), by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG-AAS), for concentration range from 0,2 to 20 µg. L-1. The treatment pilot and the support material (pozzolana) were characterized (RTD, adsorption capacity. . . ). Thus, performances of oxidation of CAsO1 were evaluated: for residence times higher than 2 hours, 95% of As(III) was oxidized, whatever the type of circulation (up- or down-flow) and more than 80%, for a residence time of 1 hour
Dao, Thanh Duong. "Procédés membranaires pour l'élimination des métaux lourds : application de la distillation membranaire à l'élimination de l'Arsenic contenu dans les eaux". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0040/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work deals with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for arsenic removal from groundwaters. Contamination of water resources with arsenic was identified in 105 countries. Approximately 150 million people are being exposed to arsenic contamination, and 147 million of these people live in Asia. In Vietnam, chosen as the case study of this work, 13% of the population is being in risk of arsenic poisoning. Drinking water resources present not only high arsenic concentration (1 – 3050 ppb) but also high salinity (5 – 15 g/L). This work allowed demonstrating the feasibility of VMD to remove arsenic and also salts contained in groundwaters. As(III) concentration in the permeate of VMD was always lower than the standard level for drinking water (10 μg.L-1), even for high As(III) concentrations in the feed (up to 2000 μg.L-1). With VMD, a pre-oxidation step was not necessary to convert As(III) into As(V), as it is the case for other conventional treatment processes. Moreover, a coupling between reverse osmosis (RO) and VMD was studied. RO was considered as a first step to concentrate NaCl and As(III) before this retentate stream was further concentrated by the VMD. VMD could work efficiently with 99.9% of As(III) andNaCl rejections at a very high RO retentate concentrations ([NaCl] = 300 g/L and [As(III)] = 7000 ppb). Arsenic in the permeate was still lower than the required standard for drinking water. Finally, a simulation of the coupling was performed. By coupling of RO and VMD, ahigh global recovery of 96% could be achieved
Gao, Jianan. "Occurrence de sous-produits émergents dans l'eau potable ozonée : cas des acétaldéhydes halogénés". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66318.
Texto completoDisinfection of drinking water with chlorine results in the inactivation of targeted pathogens and the control of microbial growth during the transportation through the distribution system, while in the presence of naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter, disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed. For instance, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated in many countries. In order to meet the regulations, ultraviolet irradiation and other oxidants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used as alternative disinfectants for primary disinfection. Ozonation is commonly applied during water treatment not only due to the intended reduction in the levels of regulated THMs and HAAs but also its numerous advantages as oxidant and disinfectant. However, the use of chlorine or chloramines following ozonation is generally required to ensure the safety of drinking water in distribution systems due to the short half-life of ozone. Unfortunately, this disinfection scenario (ozone-chlorine/chloramines) promotes the formation of halogenated acetaldehydes (HALs), which attract more and more attention in the last years due to their abundance in drinking water (third largest group of identified DBPs by weight) and their relatively high cytotoxicity. This thesis is therefore devoted to improving the knowledge about the occurrence and spatio-temporal variability of HALs as well as the levels of human exposure to these contaminants in ozonated drinking water. First, various parameters (pH, quenching agent and sample holding limit) were optimized for sample preservation in order to analyze trihalogenated acetaldehydes (THALs) and dihalogenated acetaldehydes (DHALs) using a consolidated analytical method. Subsequently, four sampling campaigns were conducted over two years (between 2017 and 2019) in two drinking water systems. The first one-year sampling campaign generated a robust database of HALs regarding their behavior in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and the spatio-temporal variability in distribution networks. Then the relationship between ozonation and HAL variation in treated water was assessed during a one-month intensive sampling campaign, in a DWTP where changes regarding ozonation procedures occurred. Finally, two more sampling campaigns were carried out to evaluate the effects of household tap water handling on the exposure of HALs. The results allow to identify the contributing factors to HAL formation in drinking water and to determine strategies of household handling for the control of HAL exposure via drinking water. The prediction of the occurrence of THALs based on THMs was made possible because of the strong correlations between THM levels and THAL levels in both drinking water systems.
Abidi, Hédi Béchir. "Nouvelle approche du traitement des eaux de piscines : ultrafiltration couplée à une rétention sur résine". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10258.
Texto completoHurtado, Gimeno Céline. "Destruction de polluants organiques réfractaires par des méthodes associant la sonochimie avec la photochimie et l'ozonation". Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS016.
Texto completoWastewaters of painting and coating plants are difficult effluent to treat. Numerous organic compound families,like azo dyes, surfactants, biocides, biding agents. . . Could constitute these waters. Due to these multiple compounds and heavy metals that they could contain they can only incinerated. Actually the problem is to find a technique which allows the reuse of the water of these effluents in the production cicrcuit. Solution could come from advanced oxidative processes. These methods are based on generation of very reactive species like hydroxyl radical which conduct to a rapid and none selective oxidation of the organic matter. In these methods, we can cite Fenton reactions, photoassisted or not, photocatalysed, H2O2/UV conbined treatments, ozonation. . . Our study has been focused on the elimination of three families of compounds which are present in the industrial effluents : azo dyes, thiazolinated bioacides, perfluorated surfactants. As esclusive use of ultrasound, or ultrasound combined to other processes, have shown their potential to eliminate some aromatic compounds in aqueous solution, the work has been oirentated on a comparative study of the efficiency of sonochemical, ultraviolet and ozonation methods applied alone or in combination. Comprehension of degradation mechanisms and products identification have completed these sonochemical studies combined or not with ultraviolet irridiation. The results obtained have shown the ultrasonic frequency incidence on the reaction rate and the necessary of ultrasound to eliminate completely refractory compounds. Combination of tested techniques allows to increase degradation yields
Paris, Tony. "Formation et organisation de biofilms en milieu eau potable : Influence du gradient de vitesse pariétal". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10021/document.
Texto completoMost of the microbial flora present in the drinking water distribution network is located on the pipe walls. This biofilm is a major concern for drinking water providers as it increases disinfectant decay, provides a shelter for pathogens and is the main site of bacterial growth, thus leading, through bacterial detachment, to the non-respect of drinking water quality criteria. Hydraulic regime is one among several parameters that can be used to control biofilm proliferation. Our first objective was to determine which was the key parameter in the hydraulic regime that was controlling biofilm accumulation. Using Couette-Poiseuille reactors which geometry allow to vary independently wall shear rate (?) an d flow rate, we showed that the wall shear rate was indeed the important parameter for biofilm control. From this result, we built a convective-diffusion model in order to describe bacterial transport and accumulation to the pipe surface. It appeared that biofilm accumulation was a function of ?1/3*t. As hydraulic regime was known to affect biofilm organization, we quantified through image analysis, the effect of wall shear rate, on size, shape and orientation of the biofilm elements. Biofilm stability was studied by inoculations of polystyrene microspheres and E. coli in flow chambers colonized by biofilms. The consequences of the rapid variation of the flow rate on a biofilm formed in a pipe flow were also studied
Cuenot, François. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de ligands macrocycliques tétracarbomoyles et de leurs complexes métalliques : application à un procédé d'élimination du plomb dans l'eau potable". Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS060.
Texto completoLegay, Cécile. "Ozonation catalytique des polluants organiques pour le traitement de l'eau". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT100G.
Texto completoJarret, Michèle. "Caractérisation de la matière organique d'une eau : mécanismes mis en jeu lors de son élimination par un traitement d'affinage". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077052.
Texto completoBilal, Muhammad. "Traçage des matières organiques dissoutes par fluorescence dans les bassins versants agricoles". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARD057.
Texto completoDissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations are increasing in the streams at agricultural headwater catchments in French Brittany, an intensive agricultural region, and Europe during last twenty years. These increasing DOM concentrations are threat to water quality degradation. At small agricultural catchment scale, soil and farm wastes effluents are principle sources of DOM. To propose management actions and to restore stream water quality, three dimensional EEM (Excitation Emission Matrix) was applied to trace DOM issued from farm wastes in the soil and agricultural catchment stream. Fluorescence tracers were measured on DOM produced from pig slurry, cow manure and composted manures which recycled commonly in cultivated soils. Afterwards, these tracers were analysed in rainfall simulation experiment in the cultivated plots amended with pig slurry and cow manures. The persistence of these fluorescence tracers was evaluated in soil incubation (two months) and in two different experimental dispositives (Champ Noël, 0. 9% total carbon and Kerguehennec, 2. 5% total carbon) as well as these tracers were compared in mineral vs organic (pig slurry and cow manure) fertilized plots with different recycling time of 14 and 7 years respectively. Finally, the relation between agricultural practices in Valley Bottom Wetlands (VBW) and the presence of these fluorescence tracers in 15 agricultural streams were explored during three storm events. VBW were identified as principle source of DOM in French Brittany catchments. The agricultural practices (crop rotation, quality and quantity of fertilizers, grazing meadows) in the VBW were identified by farm survey. The fluorescence intensities were integrated in the two regions of EEM spectra (biochemical/geochemical, bio:geo), five regions composed of proteins like, fulvic and humic (I to V), and three zones (tryptophan (TRY), fulvic like (FL) and humic like (HL)). DOM produced from pig and cow demonstrated biochemical fluorescence signatures and discriminated from composted manures which showed geochemical signatures similar to soil DOM. The tracers bio:geo, TRY:FL, TRY:HL, TRY:(HL:FL), TRY trace the DOM issued from farming wastes in simulated runoff two hours after soil spreading. Cow manure DOM was not differentiated from pig wastes DOM with these fluorescence tracers. One year after last recycling, several tracers were found in soil 0. 9% C while at the soil with 2. 5% C, only TRY persisted. With these results, we are not clear whether the effect is cumulative or it’s the influence of last farm wastes spreading. The fluorescence tracers were identified in the headwater catchments impacted by farm wastes recycling. Some catchments demonstrated highly humified DOM which resembled to soil DOM without recycling. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy permits to trace the DOM issued from farming wastes. Fluorescence spectroscopy is found a valuable tool for monitoring farming wastes DOM contamination and understanding the biogeochemistry of DOM in soil and water environment
Déry, Alexandre. "Comparaison à l'échelle réelle des performances d'un filtre conventionnel et d'un filtre au charbon activé en grains précédés d'une inter-ozonation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29515/29515.pdf.
Texto completoA water quality monitoring was conducted on two full scale granular filters of the biggest water treatment plant of Québec City. One of the filters contains anthracite and sand layers, while the other contains granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand layers. Both filters, which are preceded by an inter-ozonation step, were operated in the same conditions during the study which happened during the second year of operation of these filters. The qualities of raw water, settled water, ozonated water and filtered water were monitored for 32 weeks, from May to December 2011, two times in a filtration cycle every two weeks. Globally, the GAC filter exhibited better organic matter removal performances but a lower turbidity removal performance than the anthracite filter. This allows a potential reduction in chlorine consumption for the GAC filter but this economy is shadowed by the very high cost of this filter media.
Nayme, Christelle. "Étude de la dégradation par ozonation de deux colorants utilisés en teinture : recherche de sous-produits, étude cinétique et influence sur les applications industrielles". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10042.
Texto completoBrugnot, Catherine. "Dénitrification thermique de concentrats d'évaporateurs en réacteur à lit fluidisé". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT017G.
Texto completoParganin, Pascale. "Etude de la transformation et de la valorisation d'une boue industrielle". Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0051.
Texto completoKazpard, Véronique. "Mécanismes d'agrégation d'un acide humique synthétique : influence de la nature du coagulant et conséquences sur la siccité des gâteaux de filtration". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL057N.
Texto completoDioum, Abdou. "Élimination des ions nitrate en solution aqueuse par adsorption sur un organosilicate mésoporeux de type SBA-15". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29710/29710.pdf.
Texto completoMaillet, Laëtitia. "Flaveurs et odeurs dans les réseaux intérieurs d’eau potable : impact des matériaux et des conditions d’utilisation". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S089.
Texto completoThis work studies the possible impact of the private distribution system on the appearance of flavours and odours in tap water. It consists in identifying the contributing factors inside the private distribution system to alter organoleptic water quality. A method was set up to investigate the interaction water/material in two ways: i) pipes’ material taking into account the design, the priming of the private distribution system and the behaviour of consumers, ii) the tap fittings and the water treatment devices at points-of-use. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the private distribution system alters the organoleptic water quality. The procedure of the PVC or the copper pipes connection is identified to impart off-flavours episodes. During dynamic experiments, only the PEX-c pipe material leads to the appearance of plastic, chemical flavour and odour or also mouthfeeling after a 63h and a 168h of stagnation. The panelists perceive the change of water quality in particular concerning the chlorine concentration. Moreover, tap-joint gaskets (31% EPDM) and tap tubings (21. 5% NR or IR; 38% EPDM) impart a bitter taste, a chemical/plastic flavour at tap water. The panel perceives a chemical odour. Then, the descriptors “smoke”, “burnt” or “woody” are specific to water samples in contact with tap tubings. Finally, chemical analyses of the water samples reveal that the organoleptic water degradation is provoked by the complex mix of several compounds and differents families of molecule
Berthiaume, Christine. "Caractérisation du biofilm en lien avec la dégradation des acides haloacétiques dans un réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27815/27815.pdf.
Texto completoShen, Cheng. "Nouveau systèmes polymères pour la dépollution de l'eau : rétention des métaux et des bactéries". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13386.
Texto completoLéonard, Noémie. "Recherche et élimination des facteurs inhibiteurs de croissance dans les élevages piscicoles en circuit fermé". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20224.
Texto completoZhang, Guorong. "Étude et maîtrise de la qualité d'eau de la ressource à la distribution à Macao". Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120056.
Texto completoFarines, Vincent. "Mise en oeuvre d'un procédé d'ozonation catalytique pour l'élimination des polluants organiques de l'eau". Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT032G.
Texto completoRassinoux-Trouvé, Adeline. "Ajustement de l'hydrophobicité de silices mésoporeuses organisées pour l'adsorption sélective de polluants organiques en présence d'eau". Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2321.
Texto completoActivated carbons and hydrophobic microporous zeolites are usually used for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. An extended BET surface and a relevant pore volume both confer high sorption capacities to organised silica materials. Moreover, these solids exhibite a low water-adsorbent interaction at low P/P0 giving them an hydrophobic character. However, the presence of silanol groups limits the adsorption of organic molecules in aqueous phase. In order to significantly increase the mesoporous silica hydrophobicity, various modifications during synthesis (phenyl groups incorporation) or post-synthesis (grafting of trimethylsilyl, aminopropyl and mecaptopropyl groups) were considered. The grafting of trimethylsilyl groups and phenyl groups incorporation can therefore considerably reduce the hydrophilicity of these solids by reducing the number of silanol groups. In the case of gas adsorption, hydrophobicity proved to be a positive key factor. In aqueous phase, the non-polar organic pollutants adsorption also requires hydrophobic silica. For polar molecules, the grafting of polar groups (amino or sulfonic) increases the pollutant adsorption capacities
Amalric, Laurence. "Dégradation photocatalytique avec TiO2, en solution aqueuse, de polluants aromatiques oxygénés : intermédiaires, espèces actives, corrélations structure-dégradabilité". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10282.
Texto completoRochette, Simon. "Variabilité du temps de séjour, du chlore et des sous-produits chlorés de la désinfection à l'échelle d'un quartier résidentiel". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26677.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), more specifically trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), and the residence time of water (RT) in a water distribution network (DN) on the scale of a residential neighborhood. A specific residential area in the DN of Quebec City was chosen in order to conduct this study. This area covers approximately 2 km2 and is inhabited by nearly 6000 citizens. The first chapter of this thesis is a literature review addressing free residual chlorine as well as THMs and HAAs concentrations in DNs, monitoring of water quality, modeling of RT and the impact of aging and rehabilitation of pipes on RT and water quality. The second chapter focuses specifically on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of free residual chlorine, THMs, HAAs and RT. This variability is studied and a dominant dimension between the spatial and temporal aspect is identified for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs using generalized linear mixed models. Then, the potential of RT as a water quality indicator for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs is analyzed by a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. In the third chapter, a sensitivity analysis of RT is performed with different hydraulic scenarios. The scenarios considered are additional aging and rehabilitation of pipes to assess the effect on RT relative to a reference scenario representing the best state of knowledge of the studied area. The effects on RT are also studied in the context of their potential impact on free residual chlorine concentrations. Finally, the impact of the uncertainty of hydraulic parameters (diameter, roughness factor, water demand) on RT is investigated with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Di-Ruggiero, Jocelyne. "Écologie et physiologie des bactéries réduisant le manganèse : exemple de la nappe alluviale du Rhône, Avignon (Vaucluse)". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10085.
Texto completoSanterre, Gabrielle. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des THM et AHA iodés dans l'eau potable". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32884.
Texto completoThe use of oxidants, such as sodium hypochlorite, is a very effective strategy in treating water to inactivate microorganisms responsible for several diseases. However, their use also favors the formation of disinfection by-products (SPD), such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The presence of iodide and bromide also allows the formation of other families of SPD, iodinated trihalomethanes (THMi) and iodinated haloacetic acids (AHAi). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability of THMi and AHAi in two small distribution networks in the Quebec City region (R1 and R2) and to measure the removal of THMi when using household filters. Water sampling took place between June and December 2017 at various points in the water treatment plant and in the distribution network. For the R1 network, mean concentrations of 2.99 μg / L in iodinated THM and 0.74 μg / L in iodinated AHA were observed, while the maximum concentration achieved was 4.02 μg / L for THMs. iodized and 2.46 μg / L for iodinated AHAs. Mean concentrations of 2.98 μg / L in iodinated THM and 0.51 μg / L in iodinated AHA were observed in Network R2, while the maximum concentration obtained was 4.05 μg / L for iodinated THMs. and 2.33 μg / L for iodinated AHAs. Iodine THM and iodinated AHA concentrations increase in the plant, particularly because of post-chlorination and passage of water through the contact basin. The iodinated THM concentrations then remain stable in the distribution network while those of the iodinated AHAs decrease. On the other hand, the removal of THMi is very effective after filtration of water on a BritaMD type household filter, with an average removal percentage of 100%.
Couffin, Nathalie. "Elimination de composes organohalogenes volatils a l'etat de traces dans l'eau par distillation membranaire sous vide". Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0007.
Texto completoDucom, Gaëlle. "Etude de procédés hybrides pour la nanofiltration de macroémulsions : couplage avec une déstabilisation chimique et avec un écoulement gaz / liquide". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0017.
Texto completoThis study concerns the nanofiltration process applied to cutting oil fluids in the form of macroemulsions treatment. The aim is to enhance this process productivity, which is essentially limited by fouling in the form of oil drops deposit and by polarisation concentration. Both phenomena induce low permeate fluxes. For that, two processes were studied: use of air sparging and coupling with a chemical destabilisation of the emulsion. The first process allows flux enhancement for several kinds of solutions: stabilised or non-stabilised emulsions and clay suspensions. The permeate flux enhancement can reach a factor 2. 4 depending on the operating conditions. Two-phase flow in the concentrate compartment of a flat sheet cell was characterised. A data bank of flow characteristics was obtained and wall shear stresses at the membrane surface were determined using an electrochemical method. Flux enhancement in nanofiltration was then linked to some hydrodynamic parameters. On the other hand, in the operating conditions of this study, the second process does not induce flux enhancement, which was partly explained by osmotic phenomena. Several destabilisation mechanisms of the emulsion were identified, depending on the salt concentration
Xambeu, Isabelle. "Oxydation biologique du manganèse par les bactéries libres ou fixées, des eaux souterraines". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10067.
Texto completoBridoux, Gilbert. "Bilan des graisses dans les stations d'épuration-élimination des résideux graisseux par traitement aérobie". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP484S.
Texto completoHakkou, Rachid. "Récupération de l'argent des bains photographiques usés et élimination du cadmium des effluents cyanurés de traitement de surface par électrolyse et par flottation ionique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_HAKKOU_R.pdf.
Texto completoBeaulieu, Christine. "Caractérisation spatio-temporelle de la réactivité des précurseurs de sous-produits de la désinfection en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26960/26960.pdf.
Texto completoMas, Denis. "Dégradation photocatalytique dans des suspensions aqueuses de TiO2 de polluants aliphatiques et aromatiques chlorés ou azotés : produits intermédiaires, voies de dégradation, effets de l'ajout d'ozone". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10070.
Texto completoMenoret, Cédric. "Traitement d'effluents concentrés par cultures fixées sur gravier ou pouzzolane". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20202.
Texto completoSanchez, Célia. "Hydrodynamique et transfert de matière gaz-liquide dans un nouveau contacteur à haute énergie : application à la désodorisation de l'air en assainissement". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S159.
Texto completoFraval, Sylvie. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle filière de traitement des eaux de lavage de fumées d'incinération". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_FRAVAL_S.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to define a treatment process of flue gas cleaning wastewater from household refuses or industrial wastes incineration. Different synthetic wastewaters were used to determine the optimal heavy metal removal conditions using sodium carbonate and silicate as the two reactive agents in a new synthetic material. The solid and liquid phases characterized by fine analytical methods allowed to precise the removal mechanisms of several pollutants. Ln the solid phase, the soluble silicates reacted with diverse cations to form amorphous silicates however no silica were found. Microfiltration membrane was used as a solid/liquid separation technique. After treatment, the solid phase presented higher concentrations than traditional sedimentation techniques, communly used in this field. The filtrate physical-chemical characteristics complied with aIl quality standards for discharge in the environment. The sludges dewatering process lead to a pasty waste. Its pollutant potential and stability were estimated by using two leaching tests. The data showed that the different solid phases were involved in dissolution and precipitation mechanisms. This study has highlighted a new flue gas cleaning wastewater chain that is more efficient and easier of usage than the present industrial process
Leprince, Sylvain. "Etude comparative de l'inactivation des amibes libres du genre Naegleria par voie chimique et physique". Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN4001.
Texto completoLyskawa, Joël. "Synthèse de récepteurs moléculaires électroactifs basés sur les motifs tetrathiafulvalènes et calixarènes : application à l'élaboration de films organiques pour le contrôle électrochimique de la capture et du relargage de cations en solution". Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0017.
Texto completo@The project consists in synthesizing molecular receptors incorporating the electroactive Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit, then to carry out their grafting on a conducting surface, and finally to evaluate the ability of the films thus generated, to control the complexation and expulsion processes of metal cations. The structural optimization of a TTF derivative substituted by polyether chains was initially carried out. The electrochemical recognition of lead by the selected receptor is remarkable in the TTF series. The binding properties were evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry, 1H-NMR, and by UV-Visible spectroscopy. This receptor presents the advantage of being able to modulate the intensity of the host-guest binding, according to the oxidation step of the associated electroactive unit. Several strategies of immobilization of this receptor have been tested : electrografting starting from vinyl monomers or from diazonium salts, monolayers self-assembling on gold surface,. . . The fonctionalisation of conducting polymers derived from EDOT, in heterogeneous medium, proved to be the most effective. Recognition properties of lead observed in homogeneous medium, are remarkably restored at the solid-liquid interface by the films thus obtained. The univocal demonstration of the control of the binding / expulsion processes of Pb2+ according to the potential applied was carried out using various techniques (Cyclic Voltammetry, EQCM, Atomic Absorption). Lastly, the synthesis of molecular electroactive three-dimensional assemblies built around the calix[4]arene scaffold, is described. Recognition properties of these systems to various cations, including in aqueous medium, were shown by various techniques (CV, 1H-NMR, X-ray diffraction)
SIMON, SANDRA. "Etude d'un chenal d'oxydation par des approches globales et locales : hydrodynamique et transfert de matiere". Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0023.
Texto completoBoudesocque, Nicolas. "Contribution à l’étude de plasmas d'arc immergé : applications à la décontamination et à la gazéification d'effluents organiques aqueux". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5122869a-8d09-4e6d-8df6-8876ecc89e2c/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4041.pdf.
Texto completoThis work is concemed with decontamination and gasification of aqueous organic liquid waste by immersed thermal plasma technology. Ln this concept, the organic compounds are decomposed into gas by high temperature plasma. A quench of about 107-108 K/s, is obtained by immersion into a given effluent. Two kinds of arc plasma are studied. The first one is an immersed electrical arc stricken between two graphite electrodes. The second one is a plasma jet generated by a non- transferred plasma torch. For dilute liquid waste (1g/L) containing molecules incompatible with conventional biological processes, the hydroxyl radicals (OH˚) are continuously produced by the plasma jet directly into the solution allowing complete molecule mineralization into carbon dioxide and water. The heteroatoms, if present, are converted into solvated ions. The decomposition of the molecules, such as chlorophenols and aniline, are studied. Considering the identified intermediate products, a reaction mechanism is proposed. For each tested molecules, their concentration decreased at least of 90 percent. Based on the "gasosiphon" phenomenon, the experimental reactor insures the simultaneous recirculation of both gas and liquid phases. The hydrodynamic was studied using in situ high frequency imaging technology. A CFD code was applied for numerical simulation of the observed recirculation phenomena. The results were compared with obtained experimental data. Ln the case of concentrated liquid waste (> 100 g/L), syngas was produced by thermal cracking of organic molecules. The best measured composition of the gas is about 45% v/v of H2 and 45 % v/v of CO when an electrical arc is used. The usability of both studied plasma types were investigated in this field. The experimental study was carried on using fructose and glucose solution (severnl hundreds g/L) as surrogated effluent. With a specific injection method, gasification rate is about 30 % with one way. Optical Emission Spectroscopy and high frequency imaging were applied to investigate the immersed electrical arc. The thermal plasma gasification is investigated through a" process engineering" approach. To this aim, factorial test plan was built and done. Trials with liquid waste from olive oil and paper industries complete this work
Ould-Mame, Sidi Mohamed. "Contribution au génie de la dégradation photocatalytique de polluants organiques de l'eau sur TiO₂ en lit fixe". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL101N.
Texto completoAllahdin, Oscar. "Élimination (par adsorption sur la brique activée) de polluants métalliques dans les eaux de la République Centrafricaine et les pays en voie de développement : Aspects texturaux, physicochimiques, (électro)cinétiques et thermodynamiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10120/document.
Texto completoDespite the great ressources of water in Centrafrican Republic, drinking water is not accessible for about 70% of the population in this country. To resolve this problem, waters need to be treated. We have chosen the adsorption technique,by using a local brick as adsorbant in the purification of water in rural region. After acid treatment and deposition of ferrihydrite at a fixed pH, brick was found to be a good adsorbant in the elimination : Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+,Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, UO2+. This adsorption process was also applied to phosphates elimination. The effects of the parameters: contact time, temperature, mass of material, and pH were taken into account. Column regeneration was performed either by using NaCl solution or NaClO as eluent. The analytical studies of adsorption/desorption cycles on the column showed the implication of H+ and Na+ ions at the "brick-water" interface. Depending upon the treatment used, cations or anions could be adsorbed owing to the existence of opposite charges between solid surface and ions in water. To ascertain our assumptions, several techniques were used : X-Ray diffraction, SEM /EDS, FTIR, BET, 23Na, 29Si, 27Al, and 1H NMR. Adsorption measurements were also followed by potentiometry and conductimetry. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamie of heterogeneous processes involved were addressed. Electrokinetic measurements conformed the involvement of electrostatic forces in the adsorption mechanism
Lesage, Geoffroy. "Etude de l’élimination de substances aromatiques dangereuses dans un procédé couplant adsorption et biodégradation". Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
Texto completoOne of the main challenges currently facing environmental conservation is to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants from industrial liquid outflows. Biological aerobic treatment is the most commonly used treatment, but conventional systems were not conceived with the idea of eliminating micropollutants, these molecules not necessarily being biodegraded. Among the selected substances, the least volatile molecules are also the most hydrophobic (PAHs) and tend to be absorbed mostly on suspended solids or sludge. Conversely, the less hydrophobic but highly volatile molecules, such as BTEX, have a strong tendency to be transferred into the atmosphere during the aeration phase. In the project ANR HYBIOX « hybrid biological practices for improving the breakdown of xenobiotics », hybrid bioreactors based on the addition of mobile and absorbent surfaces in the activated sludge processes are evaluated, so as to better pinpoint these pollutants and to allow flocs and biofilms to co-exist within the same reactor. The coupling of physicochemical and biological phenomena was studied in an SBR. Modelling these phenomena allows us to test hypotheses, predict the optimal operating conditions for stopping a process, and helps with the interpretation of the results. We drew on a model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, developed under Matlab®, and on a model integrating the coupling of phenomena, developed under Aquasim®. The simulations carried out correspond with the experimental results and allow us to conclude that the abiotic elimination mechanisms play a very important role in the “purification results” of the biological aerobic treatment process. Over the course of the treatment, the transfer of BTEX from the liquid phase to the gas compartment was significant (>99% in two hours) and the quantities of PAHs detected in the solid fraction were considerable. The hybrid reactor presents a number of advantages over a classic biological process. On the one hand, the addition of activated carbon grains in the activated sludge process allows us to pinpoint the targeted pollutants and increase their residence time within the process. On the other hand, to reduce their concentration to a non-inhibitory level (if this is the case), and finally to allow the absorption of variations in charge which are common in industrial outflow. For more volatile and less hydrophobic molecules (ex : BTEX), the addition of absorbent particles and the analysis of operational modes which minimize the transfer in the gas phase are the predominant points. We will therefore have to evaluate with which dynamic the adsorbent can bioregenerate in the system
Fakhfekh, Hamdeni Rahma. "Performances du système hybride précipitation / microfiltration et de la nanofitration dans l'élimination du fer pour la potabilisation de l'eau". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1100/document.
Texto completoWater-related issues are a major challenge for our environment. Many processes of water treatment are available. In this work, we have developed an alternative to the current treatment of water, so as to propose a technology less expensive, easier to operate and less consuming chemicals.In this context, we have developed a hybrid process combining a microfiltration membrane process with the oxidation / precipitation of iron for the treatment of water with high iron contents provided by the SONEDE (National Society of Water Exploitation and Distribution Of Sfax, Tunisia).The study concerns the precipitation of iron by bubbling air in a reactor coupled with microfiltration using several membranes (commercial (Kerasep) or prepared at the Laboratory of Materials and Environment Sciences (Sfax) based on clay , Alumina and activated carbon Two types of water have been studied: a synthetic water prepared in the laboratory with a certain concentration of dissolved iron and a real water rich in iron coming from a drilling of the region of Sfax. Parameters were studied: initial iron concentration, pH and transmembrane pressure The process was also evaluated for the treatment of drilling water in the Sfax region. To better understand the hybrid aeration / MF process, results obtained with different membranes in frontal filtration are presented.In order to intensify the processes, another deferrisation technique is studied by considering a single membrane treatment of nanofiltration by applying an organic spiral membrane of type NF 2125A (Applied Membranes ®, USA).The results obtained are promising in terms of filtration flux, iron retention and permeate quality and conform with WHO recommendations. From an efficiency point of view, the hybrid aeration / MF process gives a permeate flow more important than that of the NF. In conclusion, these two processes can prove to be advantageous alternatives to a conventional aeration process followed by sand filtration
Boucher, Karl. "Biofiltration et captage des métaux lourds de lixiviat de lieu d'enfouissement de matières résiduelles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27888/27888.pdf.
Texto completoAdusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Texto completoNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Ben, Sghaier Rafika. "Perturbateurs endocriniens dans le milieu aquatique : développement analytique et faisabilité de traitement". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10126/document.
Texto completoThe occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in the aquatic environment has brought increasing concern due to their potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. These compounds are generally present in complex water matrices, such as surface waters at trace levels (ng/L) making their analysis difficult. In this work, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 13 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 5 steroid estrogens, 1 progestogen, 1 androgen and 6 endocrine-disrupting phenols in water was developed using solid phase extraction (SPE), derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The method was validated by spiking the 13 EDCs to the interest matrix. The limits of quantification were 1 ng/L and 5-50 ng/L for phenolic compounds and hormones respectively. The validated method was applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted EDCs in many sites in Northern France and in Tunisia. The majority of the considered compounds were detected in the different sampling sites. The last part of this work is the feasibility study for the elimination of PE by adsorption techniques on modified brick residues and bio-remediation by blue-green algae (SPIRULINA)