Literatura académica sobre el tema "Economic aspects of Milk tanks"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Economic aspects of Milk tanks"
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Marques, Marcela G., Andrew Pelissari, Ana P. C. Coutinho, Marcelo Telascrea, Beatriz Antoniassi y Marcia R. M. Chaves. "Flavored Drink Production Using Broken Rice: Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Properties and Power Consumption of Industrial Stirring System". Journal of Sustainable Development 10, n.º 5 (29 de septiembre de 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p116.
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The industrial rice processing generates, in average, 14% of broken grains called grits, which are not well accepted by consumers, representing large economic loss. Researches have been conducted to increase the use of rice by-products as well as their benefit. Among them, beverages are attracting the attention, being develop. To contribute to this field, this study aimed to prepare a non-alcoholic flavored drink from rice grits; evaluate the physical-chemical properties and evaluate de power consumption of stirring system for the drink industrial production. The drink production involved the cooking of the rice grits, followed by crushing, homogenization, filtration and flavorization in a stirring tank, obtaining the final product for consumption. The power consumption calculation for mixing tanks was evaluated in three different situations at 25ºC, considering the pre-defined tank design and the drink characteristics. Results based on the physicochemical characteristics indicate that the rice flavored drink is a food alternative to substitute milk or soy extract drinks. On the industrial production aspects, the increasing in the consumed energy to the small stirring variations was observed, and it needs to be considered to the stirring equipment design in the industrial process.
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Mesquita, Alan A., Christiane M. B. M. Rocha, Fabio R. P. Bruhn, Dircéia A. C. Custódio, Mirian S. Braz, Sandra M. Pinto, Délcio B. Silva y Geraldo M. Costa. "Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae: prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and their relationship with the milk quality of dairy cattle herds in Minas Gerais state, Brazil". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, n.º 5 (mayo de 2019): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5821.
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ABSTRACT: Bovine mastitis is the most frequent disease worldwide in dairy herds, causing high economic losses to producers and industry, as well as having implications for public health due to the zoonotic potential of some agents involved in its etiology and the increased risk of antimicrobial residues in milk and its derivatives. Considering the multifactorial aspect of this disease, knowledge of the agents involved in its etiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is very important. This study was conducted with 306 dairy herds from the Campo das Vertentes region, located in the south of Minas Gerais state, whose owners were milk suppliers to a dairy in the same region. The study involved approximately 34,000 dairy cows and covered an area of approximately 12,564 km2. In these herds, prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and their relationship with bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC), total bacterial counts (TBC), and daily production were evaluated. In addition, analyses of resistance of these pathogens to the antimicrobials most commonly used in the treatment of mastitis in dairy herds were performed. Microbiological analyses of milk samples from collect from bulk milk tanks were performed aiming to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. For these proposes, the modified Baird-Parker Agar medium was used for detection of S. aureus and the modified Edwards Agar medium, enriched with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, was used for detection of S. agalactiae. The disc diffusion technique was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results show high prevalence rates of S. aureus (70.3%) and S. agalactiae (67.0%) in the dairy farms studied, with 47.71% of the herds showing both pathogens. Associations between BMSCC and the presence of pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae and between TBC and the presence of S. agalactiae were observed, demonstrating the influence of these pathogens in milk quality. No variation was observed in the distribution of S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the different strata of daily production. High levels of resistance and multi-resistance were observed among the pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The results indicate the need for more effective control measures for mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the dairy herds of the region studied and more judicious use of antimicrobials in order to reduce the problem of resistance to them.
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LAGODIIENKO, Nataliya y Vladyslav LAGODIIENKO. "THE ECONOMIC COMPONENT EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY OPENNESS". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-31.
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Introduction. The article assesses the importance of economic efficiency of agricultural production sustainable development in the conditions of the national economy openness. It is noted that sustainable development as a new form of social dynamics, applies to all spheres of socio-economic life and requires scientific and methodological development of models and mechanisms for its implementation in the practice of management. The least developed aspects of it now remain the problem of assessing the economic component of the agricultural production sustainable development in the conditions of the national economy openness. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic component of sustainable development of agricultural production in the conditions of the national economy openness. Within the achieve-ment of the goal, the following tasks were identified: research into the dynamics of the main indicators of the agricultural production level; estimation of indicators of agricultural enterprises economic activity; research of the self-sufficiency level in Ukraine by the main types of food. Results. It has been researched that in the agricultural sector of agrarian production of Ukraine there are positive changes – yields of all included in the analysis crops tend to increase. However, the indicators of the stability level of such growth (coefficient of variation) show significant differentiation. Despite the low values of the variation coefficients in agricultural productivity (excluding the average daily growth of pigs), the current state of the domestic livestock industry cannot be called satisfactory – because the number of cattle and pigs that are not compensated for the growth of animals continues to decline. As a result, production of milk, beef and pork decreases. In livestock farming, the decrease in production can only be compensated by the increase in poultry meat production. Conclusions. There is an extremely unstable dynamics of agricultural production. In our opinion, the main reason for the sharp fluctuations in production downward was: 1) rapid devaluation of the hryvnia; 2) the loss of traditional markets. The real flow of investment into agriculture demonstrates extremely volatile dynamics. The real dynamics of capital investment in Ukraine’s agriculture, not distorted by inflationary influence, has a low level of stability. Keywords: agricultural production, sustainable development, social infrastructure, rural territories, food security, economic component of sustainable development, production efficiency.
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Svynous, I., D. Mykytyuk y A. Semysal. "Economic aspects of efficient milk production in Ukraine". Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, n.º 2(159) (24 de noviembre de 2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-83-94.
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The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of dairy production in agricultural enterprises and households. The main stages and their features in dairy farming development of the country and their impact on the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises and households were highlighted. The reasons which cause decrease of cow livestock in both agricultural enterprises and households were identified. The inhibitory factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding were identified and the directions of its revival were outlined. It was substantiated that considering the current state and trends of dairy farming in Ukraine, its efficiency, government support measures should be aimed at increasing production mainly in farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy, which in the nearest future will become major producers of raw milk. It was determined that without the introduction of an effective system of government support for milk producers, which firstly will include the restoration of the special VAT regime, financing of dairy breeding revival at the state and regional level, it is impossible to have positive changes in increasing cows amount and increasing production efficiency, in addition the population of cows will continue to fall in the households. It is proved that today the system of breeding service, which was previously in Ukraine and allowed to conduct breeding at the appropriate level, is destroyed and does not work. It was concluded that further productivity growth and reproduction of animal’s livestock is extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern selection system in animal husbandry. It was established that the current level of profitability allows to ensure only simple reproduction in independent agricultural enterprises, mostly small and medium.It is true that in this situation, most farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy are trying to become part of vertically integrated structures of preserving and expanding their production activities on a qualitatively new material and technical base in the future.It was proved that the innovative type of dairy cattle breeding development will ensure the profitability of production and, accordingly, the growth of the income level of rural residents who are the employees of an agricultural enterprise. Measures of state and regional support of milk production in Ukraine were offered. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, agricultural enterprises, households, government support, milk processing plant.
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Zhao, Ming, Lei Liu y Su Zhen Li. "State of the Art on Seismic Design and Research of LNG Tanks". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (octubre de 2011): 1084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1084.
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As a part of lifeline system, the LNG tanks seismic design is very important because of the increasing danger caused by the rapid economic development. However, the LNG tanks design codes are absent in China. The application of the double-layer spherical tank should be promoted, because of its advantages including better mechanical behavior, less maintenance cost etc. The state of the art about the design aspect is reviewed, especially the low temperature material properties, the liquid-structure interaction analysis techniques, the isolation and damping of tanks. The potential aspects for the future design are also discussed.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming". Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, n.º 1 (148) (30 de mayo de 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Vasylieva, Natalia. "Economic Aspects of Food Security in Ukrainian Meat and Milk Clusters". Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 9, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2017.090308.
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CONDOLEO, ROBERTO, GILBERTO GIANGOLINI, ALEXANDRA CHIAVERINI, DANIELA PATRIARCA, PAOLA SCARAMOZZINO y ZIAD MEZHER. "Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in Raw Sheep's Milk from Farm Bulk Tanks in Central Italy". Journal of Food Protection 83, n.º 11 (9 de junio de 2020): 1929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-023.
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ABSTRACT For milk hygiene and safety, the milking phase is a critical moment because it is a probable pathway for the introduction of unwanted microorganisms in the dairy chain. In particular, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli are known as possible microbial contaminants of raw sheep's milk, although extensive knowledge regarding their contamination dynamics on sheep farms is still lacking. This study aimed to examine the occurrence and concentration of these microorganisms in milk samples collected from farm bulk tanks in the region of Lazio (Central Italy) and to investigate the related risk factors. Over a period of 1 year, we collected 372 milk samples from 87 sheep farms and administered a questionnaire to acquire information regarding relevant farm management variables. L. monocytogenes was not found in any of the samples, which indicates a low occurrence of this pathogen in sheep's bulk tank milk. In contrast, E. coli was found in almost two-thirds of milk samples (61%) but at levels below 102 CFU/mL in most of them (approximately 75%). Statistical analysis indicated that, during the warmest seasons, E. coli presence is more probable and counts are significantly higher. Unexpectedly, milk collected by hand milking had a lower level of contamination. Although further studies are necessary to clarify some aspects, the reported data add to the knowledge about the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and E. coli in raw sheep's milk and will be useful for future risk assessments. HIGHLIGHTS
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "The economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, n.º 1-2 (30 de julio de 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/14.
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During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.
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غريب, محمد. "مبادئ التصميم الأمثلي للخزانات الخرسانية الأسطوانية المفتوحة". FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, n.º 1 (6 de noviembre de 2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v2i1.83.
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The objective of this study is to find economic solutions for open cylindrical concrete tanks, in terms of different ratios of tank height, diameter and thickness, under several support conditions. The equivalent strip method was utilized in the structural analysis procedures. Several numerical examples were presented, in order to clarify different aspects of this study.
Tesis sobre el tema "Economic aspects of Milk tanks"
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N'DIAYE, WALY ABOUBACAR. "MILK SUPPLY ADJUSTMENTS AND INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR IN ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188007.
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Government involvement in the production and marketing of milk and dairy products is more pronounced than in any other agricultural product. The U.S. government administers two major programs that affect significantly the production and marketing of milk throughout the United States. These are the Federal Milk Marketing Order Program and the Dairy Price Support Program. In Arizona, in addition to these two major programs, the United Dairymen of Arizona Cooperative operates a base system that determines how cooperative milk revenues are allocated among producer members. This dissertation discusses some theoretical models that provide some insights into the following questions: (1) How would the dairy industry perform without the historically administered prices? (2) What are the benefits and costs associated with the order program and the base system? Then, this inquiry focuses on the Arizona and New Mexico dairy sectors. The two production sectors are quite similar, as are the marketing institutions, except for the existence of the base system in Arizona. Milk supply response in Arizona and New Mexico is investigated. Two ways in which supply adjustments can be achieved are identified and empirically investigated. (1) Creation of new dairy facilities or relocation of dairy facilities from other markets. If the decision to invest in Arizona or New Mexico is assumed as given, it is found that the existence of base system is a significant factor in explaining the location choice of new producers. (2) Expansion in output of existing dairy farms. It is found that dairy farmers in Arizona and New Mexico respond to changes in the farm level price of milk. The last effort of the empirical investigation is on the consumers' welfare losses due to the regulations of the Arizona and New Mexico dairy markets. It is found that the milk marketing orders and the policies of the UDA Cooperative in Arizona and AMPI in New Mexico, on the average, enforce a tax on Arizona's consumers of fluid milk in the amount of 10 million dollars per year, or 13.5 percent of producers' total revenue, and a tax on New Mexico's consumers of fluid milk in the amount of 5.6 million dollars per year, or 12.6 percent of producers' total revenue. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Fadel, I. "Economic and technical aspects of lactation in Awassi sheep with special reference to simplified recording and system development under semi-arid conditions". Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380212.
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Rinfret, Hugues. "Tariffication in the dairy industry : a spatial equilibrium approach to analyze geographic price relationships between Canada and United States". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67540.
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The impacts of tariffication on Canadian milk producers were estimated via supply, price and trade flow parameters using a spatial price equilibrium model applied to milk production regions of Canada and the United States.Two price scenarios were put forward because of supply management in Canada. The first incorporated producer prices while the second used shadow prices for Canadian producers, defined as the producer price less a reduction in price which accounts for the value of production quota. The hypothesis that tariffication reduces milk production in Canada to the extent that U.S. producers increase their exports to Canada was partly supported in scenario one but not in scenario two. Specific tariffs of $11.00/hl prevented U.S. imports to reach Qu 'ebec and Ontario. However, the rest of Canada increased its imports from Great Lakes to the detriment of Quebec and Ontario. Consequently, production decreased slightly in Qu 'ebec and increased in Ontario, whereas prices decreased significantly in both provinces. Scenario two showed ability of Qu 'ebec and Ontario to withstand American competition. Prices and production level remained unchanged while export flows to the rest of Canada increased to the detriment of the Great Lakes.
The present study investigated only a specific aspect of the tariffication proposal in the GATT and does not intend not to reflect the very complex aspects of GATT negotiations. The findings of this analysis must be interpreted with this caveat. Further studies considering other plausible tariffication scenarios or effective tariffs on an individual dairy product basis would broaden our understanding of the potential implications of tariffication.
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Kumbirai, Kaguru Tinashe. "Characterisation of the production and consumption of milk in the communal livestock production sector of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3066.
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The study was conducted in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa with the objective of characterising milk production and consumption among the communal households. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a single visit survey between June 2014 and May 2015. The study was undertaken in five randomly selected communal districts using a multi – stage area probability sampling method. Household sample size was calculated using a statistical methodology through a fixed formula based on a rural population size of 4410000, at a confidence level of 95 percent. A total of 500 households were selected with a sample size of 20 households in 5 communities within five different communal districts within the province. Half of the total sample size was used to represent the number of non-milk producing households (250) to get a true reflection on consumption profiles for nonproducers. Across the province the average communal family size was between 5-10 members with a monthly income of ZAR1340 per household. On average, pasture land size of the sampled households was 1 ha, with a range of 0.25-1.7 ha. The numbers of animals per species found in the studied province was highest for sheep (310) followed by cattle (227) and goat (87). Average livestock holding per household in the study area was 9.85 TLU (Tropical Livestock Unit). According to the respondents the predominant milking livestock numbers were between 1-3 animals milking per household. In the studied area traditional hand milking of livestock was the major milking practices at 12 percent in goats, 15 percent in sheep and 45 percent in cattle milk production. Consumption was the predominant reason for milk production recorded at 27 percent across the province. Milk production was 43 percent most preferred in cattle followed by 32 percent in goat and least at 29 percent in sheep across the province. In general, from the study it was noted that the majority (38 percent) of the respondents across the province indicated 0-5mins as the time it took to milk most milk producing livestock. The majority of the milking practices was done (37 percent) predominantly once a day, followed by 2 percent twice daily across the province. The daily milk production was on average (0.45±1.07) 2-5 litre in cattle, (4.86±0.814) 0-1litre in goats and (2.62±0.42) 0-1 litre sheep per producing house hold with in the province The monthly raw milk consumption in the province was (2.20± 1.42) 2-5 litres of cattle milk, (4.78±0.79) 2-5 litres of goat milk and (4.98±0.69) 2-5 litres of sheep milk per consuming household.
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Schoeffling, James Robert 1959. "The financial and management implications of bovine somatotropin on the Arizona dairy industry". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276854.
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This study examines how Bovine Somatotropin (BST) may impact Arizona dairy producers. The results of dairy scientists experimenting with BST are summarized in terms of reported milk yields and possible changes in feeding and herd management. Dairy enterprize budgets representative of Arizona are constructed to examine how income statements may change if BST is approved. The effects of increased milk supply on Arizona milk prices are estimated using the institutional structure of the Central Arizona Order and the United Dairyman of Arizona. Results of experiments with BST in Arizona are used to generate net returns at several rates of adoption under changing milk prices for three dairy farms in Arizona.
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Mndeme, Shafii Hussein. "An econometric approach to estimating the unit cost of procducing milk in the South African dairy industry". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2227.
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MScAgricABSTRACT: Small dairy farms in South Africa are observed to have higher costs than larger farms, and whether those higher costs are due to technology or inefficiency has implications for policy. This research focused on finding the curve that best represents the relationship between average cost and level of output. That was done by relating average cost to actual output. However, it was found to be more appropriate to relate average cost to planned output on the basis that costs are more likely to reflect what the farmer expects output to be. As a result, a pragmatic two-step procedure was adopted. In the first step, the farmer’s planned output was determined by estimating a production function based on the farmer’s actual use of inputs, i.e., land, number of cows in the herd, labour, feed and veterinary costs. In the second step, the long-run average cost (LAC) curve was estimated where average cost is calculated as total cost divided by planned output and this is then related to the level of planned output. To identify the determinants of production cost thus the drivers of higher costs on small farms, the cost of milk production by farm size was decomposed into frontier and efficiency components with a stochastic cost curve and long run cost curve using data from dairy farms in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Financial data of 37 farms for the period 1999 to 2007 were used in econometrics estimation of long run average cost curve (LAC) function for different level of production (as a proxy of planned output). Results show that average cost curves exhibiting variation in unit cost with output thus suggesting the existence of economies of size with larger farms being able to produce any given level of output at lower costs compared to their smaller counterparts. The study found that long-run average cost curve (LAC) for the sample of dairy farms is L-shaped rather than U-shaped.
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Lewis, Andrew (Andrew Michael). "Using Stochastic Optimization and Real-Options Models to Value Private Sector Incentives to Invest in Food Protection Measures". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29905.
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Agro-terrorism has become a major concern since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks due to characteristics that create unique problems for managing the threat of an agro-terrorist attack. The costs of trucking delays alone were in the tens of millions of dollars. Over the last few years, the government has spent billions of dollars on biological surveillance and record keeping in preventing potential attacks. Several public and private initiatives are currently in use. Examples include 1) the bio-terrorism regulation of 2004 on maintenance of records; 2) establishment of food protection centers for research and teaching excellence; and 3) investments in emerging technology, such as radio frequency monitoring (RFEM) technology, with the potential to track shipments and provide real-time data that can be used to prevent agro-terrorism risks along food supply chains. This thesis addresses the costs and risk premiums associated with alternative tracking strategies, where and when along the milk supply chain these strategies will reduce the most risks, and what policy implications are associated with the most costeffective tracking strategy. To accomplish these objectives, stochastic optimization is used to determine the costs and risk premiums of alternative tracking strategies. Next, the realoptions method along with a portfolio of options, also referred to as the "tomato garden" framework, is used to determine where and when alternative intervention strategies should be implemented to reduce the most risks. Finally, policy implications are derived on the cost-risk tradeoffs, probability of attacks, and containment efforts if there is an attack by using game theory to determine the incentives needed to motivate participants in the milk supply chain to invest in security measures.
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Lewis, Andrew Michael. "Using Stochastic Optimization and Real-Options Models to Value Private Sector Incentives to Invest in Food Protection Measures". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29905.
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Agro-terrorism has become a major concern since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks due to characteristics that create unique problems for managing the threat of an agro-terrorist attack. The costs of trucking delays alone were in the tens of millions of dollars. Over the last few years, the government has spent billions of dollars on biological surveillance and record keeping in preventing potential attacks. Several public and private initiatives are currently in use. Examples include 1) the bio-terrorism regulation of 2004 on maintenance of records; 2) establishment of food protection centers for research and teaching excellence; and 3) investments in emerging technology, such as radio frequency monitoring (RFEM) technology, with the potential to track shipments and provide real-time data that can be used to prevent agro-terrorism risks along food supply chains. This thesis addresses the costs and risk premiums associated with alternative tracking strategies, where and when along the milk supply chain these strategies will reduce the most risks, and what policy implications are associated with the most costeffective tracking strategy. To accomplish these objectives, stochastic optimization is used to determine the costs and risk premiums of alternative tracking strategies. Next, the realoptions method along with a portfolio of options, also referred to as the "tomato garden" framework, is used to determine where and when alternative intervention strategies should be implemented to reduce the most risks. Finally, policy implications are derived on the cost-risk tradeoffs, probability of attacks, and containment efforts if there is an attack by using game theory to determine the incentives needed to motivate participants in the milk supply chain to invest in security measures.
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Begnis, Heron Sérgio Moreira. "Formação de valor transacional e relacional na cadeia produtiva do leite no Rio Grande do Sul". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8957.
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A realidade do ambiente competitivo marcada por fenômenos como a globalização dos mercados e das culturas e o rápido desenvolvimento tecnológico determina a forma como se deve pensar as organizações econômicas. No campo do agronegócio esta mudança de olhar foi marcada pela construção de lógicas de análise que não se colocam como micro ou macroeconômicas, mas buscam o entendimento das interconexões de atividades. As abordagens de cadeias produtivas (filières) e sistemas de commodities dominaram os estudos em agronegócios em virtude desta sua lógica própria de salientar as ligações interorganizacionais e pela tentativa de englobar o máximo possível do processo de produção, transformação, comercialização e consumo de produtos de origem agropecuária. Avançando sobre a lógica de encadeamento de atividades e das parcerias de longo prazo, esta pesquisa partiu do entendimento de que é o processo de formação de valor que constitui a base sobre a qual articulam-se os relacionamentos interorganizacionais presentes nas cadeias produtivas agronegociais. Enquanto arranjo interorganizacional, uma cadeia produtiva compõe-se de diferentes organizações unidas por um componente relacional ainda não muito bem explicado pelas abordagens existentes. Nesta direção, tomou-se por objetivo central a busca do entendimento de como se estabelece o processo de construção de relacionamentos interorganizacionais sob a ótica da formação valor. Dentro desta perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a configuração dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais e o estabelecimento de parcerias de longo prazo no interior das cadeias produtivas agronegociais, procurando especificar a participação de elementos relacionais formadores ou geradores de valor neste processo, considerando este como um fenômeno marcado pela complexidade, dinâmica e multidimensionalidade. Frente a este objetivo, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se tomando como referência a cadeia produtiva do leite no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em especial o segmento da industrialização do leite. Esta pesquisa construiu-se sustentada numa revisão teórica sobre diferentes tipos de configurações interorganizacionais que obedecem a uma lógica de cadeia, da Economia dos Custos de Transação – ECT enquanto base teórica para a formação destes arranjos interorganizacionais e fundamentalmente sobre o processo de formação de valor através de relacionamentos interorganizacionais. Os resultados alcançados permitem uma ampliação do entendimento sobre a própria noção de cadeia produtiva (MORVAN, 1985, RAINELLI et al., 1991, MONTIGAUD, 1992) e de sistemas de valor (PORTER, 1989). Assim, baseado no entendimento econômico de valor e do conceito de empresa orientada pelo mercado, concluise que os relacionamentos interorganizacionais, formados no centro da cadeia produtiva estudada, efetivam-se quando há uma percepção inicial de valor ao nível mínimo dos atributos intrínsecos dos bens (valor comercial). Em complemento, na medida em que a percepção de valor atinge níveis mais complexos, forma-se valor relacional e solidificam-se os relacionamentos e as parcerias de longo prazo entre as organizações inseridas nas cadeias produtivas agronegociais. Neste processo, identifica-se a presença e atuação de seis elementos essenciais ou básicos da formação de valor relacional: confiança, cooperação, comprometimento, compartilhamento, comunicação e compensação.The complex reality of the competitive environment, globalization of markets and cultures and the fast technological development determines the way as we should think the organizations. In the agribusiness field this change was signaled by the construction of an analytical logic that could not be situate as micro or macroeconomics, but this approach goes toward a more holistic understanding on the interconnected activities. These productive chains (filières) and commodities systems approaches dominated the studies in agribusiness due to their own logic that points out the interorganizational connections with the aim of viewing the whole process of the production, transformation, marketing and consumption of agricultural goods. Moving forward on the logic of linkage of activities and long run partnership, this study starts from the understanding that it is the value formation process that constitutes the base on which the interorganizational relationships are build in the agribusiness productive chain’s context. While an interorganizational configuration, an agribusiness chain is composed by different joined organizations that are integrated by a relational component that is not still very well explained by the current theoretical approaches. In this perspective, the research had as objective investigates the configuration of the interorganizational relationships and the establishment of long run partnerships inside the agribusiness chains reality. Particularly this study try to specify the participation of the relational elements while value producers in this process that are understood as a complexity, dynamic and multidimensional phenomena. In this sense, this study investigated the agribusiness productive chains configuration trying to deepen the study about the value formation process, considering this as complex, dynamic and multidimensional phenomena. With this purpose, this research was developed taking the milk agribusiness chain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as reference and focusing on the agro-industry. The study is supported by a theoretical background about different kinds of interorganizational configurations that follow the logic of chains, on the Transaction Costs Economics - TCE as theoretical base for the formation of these arrangements and fundamentally about the process of value formation through multidimensional relationships. The reached results allow an enlargement of the understanding on the own notion of productive chain or filière (MORVAN, 1985; RAINELLI et al., 1991; MONTIGAUD, 1992) and value systems (PORTER, 1989). Then, based on the economical understanding of value and market it is possible to conclude that the interorganizational relationships formed in the center of the chain productive studied taking shape when there is an initial perception of value at the minimum level of the intrinsic attributes of the goods (commercial value). When the perception of value reaches more complex levels the relational value is formed and the relationships and long run partnerships among organizations inserted in agribusiness chains become consolidated. Inside of this process it is possible to identify the presence and performance of six decisive relational value formation elements: trust, cooperation, sharing, commitment, communication and compensation.
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Du, Toit Justin Philip. "Factors influencing the long-term competitiveness of selected commercial milk producers in east Griqualand, South Africa". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/544.
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This study presents two separate competitiveness analyses to assess changes in, and factors influencing, the long-term competitiveness of a panel of commercial milk producers in East Griqualand (EG), South Africa. The Unit Cost Ratio (UCR) method was used to measure competitiveness of EG milk producers. It is defined as the ratio of dairy enterprise accounting costs plus an opportunity cost of management at 5% of milk revenue, to total dairy enterprise revenue. The initial UCR analysis was used to partly investigate the impact of dairy market deregulation on the relative competitiveness of EG milk producers over the period 1983 to 2006. The results of this UCR analysis found that the sample of EG milk producers were not competitive based on the net local price, PL, received for milk but were competitive when dairy cattle trading income was included. This suggests that dairy cattle trading income played an important role in enhancing the competitiveness of EG dairy enterprises in the study period. Further UCR analysis revealed that differences in the inherent ability of members of the EG group to manage market deregulation impacted on the relative competitiveness of EG milk producers. The top onethird of the sample of EG milk producers remained relatively competitive from 1983 to 2006 due to higher real milk prices and lower real unit costs than producers in the bottom one-third category. Differences in relative competitiveness between the top and bottom one-third categories of producers were statistically significant. Based on the findings of the UCR analysis, a Ridge regression analysis was then used to investigate other factors influencing the long-term competitiveness of selected milk producers from EG using unbalanced panel data for the period 1990 – 2006. Results of the regression analysis showed that dairy herd size, the level of farm debt, annual production per cow, technology and policy changes over time, and the ratio of trading income to total milk income influence the long-term competitiveness of these milk producers. To enhance their competitiveness in a deregulated dairy market, relatively small and profitable EG milk producers should consider increasing herd sizes as the importance of herd size in explaining competitiveness suggests that size economies exist. All EG milk producers should consider utilising more pasture and other forages to lower feed costs and select dairy cattle of superior genetic merit to improve milk yields.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.
Libros sobre el tema "Economic aspects of Milk tanks"
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International Congress on Milk Proteins (1984 Luxemburg). Milk proteins '84: Proceedings of the International Congress on Milk Proteins, Luxemburg, 7-11 May 1984. Editado por Galesloot T. E y Tinbergen B. J. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Pudoc, 1985.
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H, Mathews Kenneth, Shapouri Hosein y United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Costs of producing milk, 1989 and 1990. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1992.
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Clauson, Annette L. Costs of producing milk, 1989 and 1990. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1992.
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LaDue, Eddy L. The cost of producing milk as a management tool. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1992.
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Keane, Michael. Milk seasonality, pricing and cheese development. Cork: University College, Cork, Departmentof Dairy and Food Economics., 1986.
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Short, Sara D. U.S. milk production costs and returns, 1993: An economic basebook. Washington, DC (1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1996.
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Short, Sara D. U.S. milk production costs and returns, 1993: An economic basebook. Washington, DC (1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1996.
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Short, Sara D. U.S. milk production costs and returns, 1993: An economic basebook. Washington, DC (1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1996.
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Stanton, B. F. What needs to be done to remain competitive in milk production? Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1988.
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Boot, Ben E. The structure of and finance for milk producer organisations in the European Community. Newport: Harper Adams Agricultural College, 1990.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Economic aspects of Milk tanks"
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Barrón del Castillo, L. A. "Social and Economic Aspects of Recombination and Indigenous Milk Production". En Milk, 305–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_35.
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Lee, Youngbum, Mingyi Tan, Pandeli Temarel y Shihua Miao. "Coupling Between Flexible Ship and Liquid Sloshing Using Potential Flow Analysis". En ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20787.
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The significant increase in demand for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and the economic aspects of its transportation resulted in increases in the number and size of LNG carriers. One of the design issues for LNG carriers is the sloshing phenomenon because containment systems widely used nowadays have no internal structures. Furthermore, because the weights of ship and cargo are comparable and ship operators want more flexible operations allowing partial fillings in tanks, the coupling effect between ship motions and sloshing requires further investigation, including the effect of ship distortion. The previous study on coupling between rigid body and sloshing shows good agreement between methods of prediction and measurements [1,2]. Hence, in this paper the potential flow approach adopted for the coupling effect between rigid body ship motion and sloshing is extended to flexible ship-partially filled tank system, using the desingularised Rankine source method. In this case, the global deflection of the flexible ship is used for application of the body boundary condition on the partially filled tank. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of hull flexibility on the hydrodynamic forces and moments associated with liquid sloshing and vice versa, as well as the dynamic characteristics (e.g. resonance frequencies) of the whole system. As there are no experimental results available, the method is validated by comparing hydrodynamic forces from sloshing obtained using rigid and flexible body approaches. The coupling effect between flexible ship and sloshing in partially filled tanks is investigated for an idealized LNG Carrier in beam regular waves, considering different partial filling scenarios.
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Adey, Robert, John Baynham y Cristina Peratta. "Modeling of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Anode Arrangements for Storage Tank Bottoms". En ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47192.
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Above ground tanks are frequently used for the storage of Oil & Gas products and they can present a challenge to design an optimum corrosion control system. The base of the tank lies on or near the surface of the ground and is in contact with the material used to support the tank and therefore presents a corrosion challenge. One method of protecting the bottom of a tank is by use of an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. There are a number of types of Cathodic Protection systems which are designed to protect the tank base in these circumstances. The details of the design of such a system are very important for optimal performance and also the cost, if a number of such systems are to be installed The consequence of a poor design can be uneven distribution of protection potential on the tank base or in the worst cases regions where corrosion of the tank base can take place. An over designed system on the other hand can have significant economic consequences both in terms of installation cost and running costs. Computer modeling is now widely used to optimize CP Designs and verify that the design of the cathodic protection (CP) system meets the design requirements. In this paper a modeling tool is presented which enables corrosion engineers to evaluate the performance of tank base CP systems by predicting the protection provided to the tank for a given CP design. The paper describes and discusses all aspects of the modeling methodology, which it then applies to several different design concepts.