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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ectasie vasculaire antrale"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 8 de febrero de 2022

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1

Börsch, G., K. Schäfer, G. Schmidt, R. Menne y K. U. Tiedjen. "Ectasie vasculaire antrale diffuse: cause rare d’hémorragie gastrointestinale sévère". Acta Endoscopica 15, n.º 3 (junio de 1985): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02978319.

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2

Suit, Paula F., John L. Petrini, Thomas W. Bauer y Robert E. Petras. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". American Journal of Surgical Pathology 11, n.º 10 (octubre de 1987): 750–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-198710000-00002.

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3

Tanaka, Takuji, Yoshio Mori, Yukio Morishita, Toshihiro Kojima, Toshihiko Kawamori, Kazuo Amano, Masayoshi Ichihara, Makoto Tarao, Akihiko Gotoh y Hideki Mori. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia". Human Pathology 22, n.º 10 (octubre de 1991): 1053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(91)90016-i.

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4

Sugár, István, Zoltán Ráth, Pál Ondrejka, Zsolt Iványi, Bálint Scheich y Judit Várkonyi. "Masszív gastrointestinalis vérzést okozó „görögdinnyegyomor”". Magyar Sebészet (Hungarian Journal of Surgery) 70, n.º 2 (junio de 2017): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1046.70.2017.2.9.

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Absztrakt A gastrointestinális vérzés oka lehet a gyomor antralis régiójának és néha a cardiatájéknak a kóros értágulata. Első leírója a múlt század 50-es éveinek elején a GAVE (Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia) névvel illette, miután ekkor még a hasonló jelenséget a cardiatájon nem regisztrálták. Negyed századdal később – néhány eset közlése kapcsán – egy szellemes belgyógyász ragasztotta rá a görögdinnye (watermelon) elnevezést, minthogy a makroszkópos kép az említett gyümölcs „héjára hajaz”. A raritásnak számító kórkép súlyos társ betegségekkel terhelt betegünknél jelentkezett.

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5

Abdul Jalal, Muhammed Jasim, K. M. Mohammed Iqbal, Roy J. Mukkada, Rashmi Ratnakaran y Shani Basheer. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Associated with Asymptomatic Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Refractory to Endoscopic Treatment: A Rare Case". Case Reports in Acute Medicine 3, n.º 2 (25 de agosto de 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509014.

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Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) constitutes 4% of all nonvariceal upper GI bleedings. It is characterized by the presence of erythematous or hemorrhagic ectatic vessels within the antrum that are distributed either in a striped or diffuse punctate pattern. We report a 64-year-old female without any co-morbidities, who presented with multiple episodes of blood in stools. Laboratory studies revealed a hemoglobin level of 5 g/dL with a hematocrit of 18.3%. Iron studies revealed a serum iron level of 35 μg/dL. She underwent an upper GI endoscopy, and biopsy was consistent with gastric antral vascular ectasia. ANA (antinuclear antibody), RA (rheumatoid factor), and anti-centromere antibody were all strongly positive. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 56. She was asymptomatic as far as connective tissue disease was concerned. Her anemia improved, but argon plasma coagulation failed to sustain the suppression of GAVE, and she required a blood transfusion for severe anemia on two occasions. With regard to recurrent episodes of melena, she was started on oral methyl prednisolone in a tapering dosage. She improved with medications, and her hemoglobin is maintained at 11.3 g/dL. This is the first unique case of GAVE in a patient without any other systemic illness or portal hypertension refractory to endoscopic treatment responding to monotherapy with corticosteroids.

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6

Casas, Meritxell, Xavier Calvet, Mercedes Vergara, Maria Rosa Bella, Félix Junquera, Eva Martinez-Bauer y Rafael Campo. "Lesiones vasculares gástricas en la cirrosis: gastropatía y ectasia vascular antral". Gastroenterología y Hepatología 38, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.10.005.

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7

Rawlinson, William D., Gavin D. Barr y Betty P. C. Lin. "Antral vascular ectasia — the “watermelon” stomach". Medical Journal of Australia 144, n.º 13 (junio de 1986): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113703.x.

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8

Gilinsky, N. H., O. A. Giles y W. N. OʼConner. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (“Watermelon Stomach”)". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 9, n.º 5 (octubre de 1987): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-198710000-00028.

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9

BERRY, DONNA M. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia(Watermelon Stomach)". Gastroenterology Nursing 18, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1995): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001610-199509000-00002.

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10

Shimamura, Yoshinosuke, Hideaki Koga y Hideki Takizawa. "Watermelon stomach: gastric antral vascular ectasia". Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 19, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2014): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-1069-8.

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11

Petrini, J. L. y J. H. Johnston. "Heat probe treatment for antral vascular ectasia". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 35, n.º 4 (julio de 1989): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(89)72802-9.

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12

Tovey, Frank I. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: The Watermelon Stomach". Gastroenterology 88, n.º 5 (mayo de 1985): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(85)80107-4.

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13

Johnson, Jill y Chris T. Derk. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in Systemic Sclerosis". International Journal of Rheumatology 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/305238.

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Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a not so well-understood, and more rare, gastrointestinal manifestation of Systemic Sclerosis which can lead to chronic anemia. A high suspicion and better understanding of this rare manifestation is needed for early detection and treatment. Therapeutic regiments include iron supplementation with acid suppressive therapy, while endoscopic intervention has been shown to be successful in most cases, with gastrectomy or antrectomy rarely needed.

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14

Cehajic, Amir, Denis Mackic, Elvira Dzambasovic, Nijaz Tucakovic, Aida Mujakovic y Faruk Custovic. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a case report". Journal of Health Sciences 4, n.º 2 (27 de septiembre de 2014): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2014.172.

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Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a vascular gastric malformation which represents a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal system bleeding. It is usually presented with a significant anemia and it is diagnosed with an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal system. It is often associated with other chronic illnesses such as liver cirrhosis, sclerodermia, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. It is treated symptomatically in terms of anemia correction with blood transfusions and iron supplements, proton pump inhibitors, beta-blockers and endoscopic procedures such as argon plasma coagulation which currently represents the treatment of choice in Sy. GAVE cases.

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15

Lam, Alice, Skip SH Lam, Denis WH Chang y David Badov. "Octreotide Use in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 43, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2013): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2013.tb00279.x.

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16

Toyota, Minoru, Yuji Hinoda, Naoaki Nakagawa, Yoshiaki Arimura, Shigeru Tokuchi, Akinori Takaoka, Shingo Kitagawa et al. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia causing severe anemia". Journal of Gastroenterology 31, n.º 5 (octubre de 1996): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02347621.

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17

Angelov, Todor, Stanislav Churchev, Borislav Vladimirov y Branimir Golemanov. "Endoscopic ultrasound of gastric antral vascular ectasia". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 82, n.º 3 (2 de marzo de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2020.0547.

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18

Peng, Mengyuan, Xiaozhong Guo, Fangfang Yi, Xiaodong Shao, Le Wang, Yanyan Wu, Chunmei Wang et al. "Endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia". Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 12 (enero de 2021): 204062232110396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223211039696.

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Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is one of the uncommon causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Major treatment of GAVE includes pharmacotherapy, endoscopy, and surgery. The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy have not been sufficiently confirmed; and surgery is just considered when conservative treatment is ineffective. By comparison, endoscopy is a common treatment option for GAVE. This paper reviews the currently used endoscopic approaches for GAVE, mainly including argon plasma coagulation (APC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and endoscopic band ligation (EBL). It also summarizes their efficacy and procedure-related adverse events. The endoscopic success rate of APC is 40–100%; however, APC needs several treatment sessions, with a high recurrence rate of 10–78.9%. The endoscopic success rates of RFA and EBL are 90–100% and 77.8–100%, respectively; and their recurrence rates are 21.4–33.3% and 8.3–48.1%, respectively. Hyperplastic gastric polyps and sepsis are major adverse events of APC and RFA; and Mallory–Weiss syndrome is occasionally observed after APC. Adverse events of EBL are rare and mild, such as nausea, vomiting, esophageal or abdominal pain, and hyperplastic polyps. APC is often considered as the first-line choice of endoscopic treatment for GAVE. RFA and EBL have been increasingly used as alternatives in patients with refractory GAVE. A high recurrence of GAVE after endoscopic treatment should be fully recognized and cautiously managed by follow-up endoscopy. In future, a head-to-head comparison of different endoscopic approaches for GAVE is warranted.

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19

Hung, Emily W., Maureen D. Mayes, Roozbeh Sharif, Shervin Assassi, Victor I. Machicao, Chitra Hosing, E. William St. Clair et al. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia and Its Clinical Correlates in Patients with Early Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis in the SCOT Trial". Journal of Rheumatology 40, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2013): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.121087.

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Objective.To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of endoscopic gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE; “watermelon stomach”) in early diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Subjects with early, diffuse SSc and evidence of specific internal organ involvement were considered for the Scleroderma: Cyclophosphamide Or Transplant (SCOT) trial. In the screening procedures, all patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were then categorized into those with or without endoscopic evidence of GAVE. Demographic data, clinical disease characteristics, and autoantibody data were compared using Pearson chi-square or Student t tests.Results.Twenty-three of 103 (22.3%) individuals were found to have GAVE on endoscopy. Although not statistically significant, anti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl70) was detected less frequently among those with GAVE (18.8% vs 44.7%; p = 0.071). Similarly, anti-RNP antibodies (anti-U1 RNP) showed a trend to a negative association with GAVE (0 vs 18.4%; p = 0.066). There was no association between anti-RNA polymerase III and GAVE. Patients with GAVE had significantly more erythema or vascular ectasias in other parts of the stomach (26.1% vs 5.0%; p = 0.003).Conclusion.Endoscopic GAVE was present on screening in almost one-fourth of these highly selected patients with early and severe diffuse SSc. While anti-Scl70 and anti-U1 RNP trended toward a negative association with GAVE, there was no correlation between anti-RNA Pol III and GAVE. Patients with GAVE had a higher frequency of other gastric vascular ectasias outside the antrum, suggesting that GAVE may represent part of the spectrum of the vasculopathy in SSc.

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20

Frasconi, C., A. Charachon y H. Perrin. "Antrectomie pour ectasies vasculaires antrales réfractaires au traitement endoscopique". Journal de Chirurgie Viscérale 151, n.º 5 (octubre de 2014): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchirv.2014.03.013.

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21

Chaves, Dalton M., Paulo Sakai, Cláudio V. Oliveira, Spencer Cheng y Shinichi Ishioka. "Watermelon stomach: clinical aspects and treatment with argon plasma coagulation". Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 43, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032006000300007.

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BACKGROUND: Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a disorder whose pathogenetic mechanism is unknown. The endoscopic treatment with argon plasma coagulation has been considered one of the best endoscopic therapeutic options. AIM: To analyze the endoscopic and clinical features of gastric antral vascular ectasia and its response to the argon plasma coagulation treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients were studied and classified into two groups: group 1 - whose endoscopic aspect was striped (watermelon) or of the diffuse confluent type; group 2 - diffuse spotty nonconfluent endoscopic aspect. RESULTS: Group 1 with eight patients, all having autoimmune antibodies, but one, whose antibodies were not searched for. Three were cirrhotic and three had hypothyroidism. All had gastric mucosa atrophy. In group 2, with 10 patients, all had non-immune liver disease, with platelet levels below 90.000. Ten patients were submitted to argon plasma coagulation treatment, with 2 to 36 months of follow-up. Lesions recurred in all patients who remained in the follow-up program and one did not respond to treatment for acute bleeding control. CONCLUSION: There seem to be two distinct groups of patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia: one related to immunologic disorders and other to non-immune chronic liver disease and low platelets. The endoscopic treatment using argon plasma coagulation had a high recurrence in the long-term evaluation.

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22

Ariki, Hisashi, Mamoru Nishino, Hiroshi Houjou, Eisaku Kondou, Masahiko Katayama, Norito Nakatani, Shuichi Yamada et al. "A Case of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Treated with Local Administration of Aethoxysklerol". Progress of Digestive Endoscopy(1972) 48 (1996): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11641/pdensks.48.0_164.

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23

Choe, Won Hyeok. "Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 56, n.º 3 (2010): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2010.56.3.186.

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24

Liu, Fengli, Feng Ji, Xi Jin y Yechun Du. "Case report of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)". Open Journal of Internal Medicine 03, n.º 02 (2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojim.2013.32020.

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25

Urban, B. A., B. Jones, E. K. Fishman, S. E. Kern y W. J. Ravich. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia ("watermelon stomach"): radiologic findings." Radiology 178, n.º 2 (febrero de 1991): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.178.2.1987618.

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26

Han, Samuel, Nabeel Chaudhary y Wahid Wassef. "Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 31, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2015): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0000000000000214.

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27

Fuccio, Lorenzo. "Diagnosis and management of gastric antral vascular ectasia". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 5, n.º 1 (2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v5.i1.6.

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28

Sebastian, S., C. A. O'Morain y M. J. M. Buckley. "Current therapeutic options for gastric antral vascular ectasia". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 18, n.º 2 (julio de 2003): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01617.x.

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29

Assad, Ana Paula Luppino, Rebeca Farias, Camila N. Gaspari, Henrique Carriço da Silva, Danieli Castro O. Andrade y Percival D. Sampaio-Barros. "Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 26, n.º 2 (marzo de 2020): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0000000000000927.

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30

Park, R. H., B. J. Danesh, R. Upadhyay, A. G. Howatson, F. D. Lee y R. I. Russell. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach)--therapeutic options." Postgraduate Medical Journal 66, n.º 779 (1 de septiembre de 1990): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.66.779.720.

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31

Pizzuto, Matthew, Sarah Ellul y Mohamed Shoukry. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia in children, rare presentation". BMJ Case Reports 13, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2020): e236896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236896.

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A 14-year-old boy, a known case of perinatal hypoxic cerebral palsy, presented to paediatric emergency with acute melaena and blood staining around feeding gastrostomy site. Physical examination revealed pallor, but no signs of distress with an unremarkable abdominal examination. Routine blood tests revealed normochromic. Abdominal ultrasound scan and Meckel’s scan were unremarkable. The patient underwent examination under anaesthesia of the perianal area and joint upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Streak-like gastritis with no signs of active bleeding lesions were noted and patchy areas of colitis involving the descending and sigmoid colon and the rectum. All clinical findings and evidence-based diagnosis matched gastric antral vascular ectasia. He was successfully managed conservatively with elemental hydrolysed feeding formula.

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Pekka, Dr y V. I. Koivisto. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis". Endoscopy 20, n.º 06 (noviembre de 1988): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1018210.

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33

Garg, Hitendra, Subhash Gupta, A. C. Anand y S. L. Broor. "Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia". Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 34, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2015): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12664-015-0605-0.

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34

Garcia, Nelson y Arun J. Sanyal. "Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia". Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 4, n.º 2 (abril de 2001): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-001-0028-0.

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35

Pineda Oliva, Omar Jesus, Armando Valencia Romero, Julio Cesar Soto, Marisela Diaz Oyola, Monica Valdivia Balbuena, Gonzalo Chuc Baeza, Victor Cuevas Osorio y Jorge Farell Rivas. "Ectasia vascular gástrica antral: reporte de un caso". Endoscopia 26, n.º 3 (julio de 2014): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endomx.2014.09.003.

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Pérez Martín, Berta, Elisa Rodríguez Martínez, Iván Baamonde de la Torre, Natalia Suárez Pazos y Manuel Díaz Tie. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Refractory to Endoscopic Treatment". Cirugía Española (English Edition) 98, n.º 7 (agosto de 2020): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2020.07.004.

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Pérez Martín, Berta, Elisa Rodríguez Martínez, Iván Baamonde de la Torre, Natalia Suárez Pazos y Manuel Díaz Tie. "Ectasia vascular gástrica antral refractaria a tratamiento endoscópico". Cirugía Española 98, n.º 7 (agosto de 2020): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.11.001.

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Chong, Vui Heng. "Snare coagulation for gastric antral vascular ectasia ablation". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 69, n.º 6 (mayo de 2009): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.09.017.

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Lowes, J. R. y J. Rode. "Neuroendocrine cell proliferations in gastric antral vascular ectasia". Gastroenterology 97, n.º 1 (julio de 1989): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(89)91437-6.

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40

Qiu, Haixia, Yongping Mao, Jing Zeng, Ying Wang, Jiaying Zhang, Naiyang Huang, Qingsen Liu, Yunsheng Yang, Enqiang Linghu y Ying Gu. "Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 166 (enero de 2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.033.

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41

McCormick, P. A., H. Ooi y O. Crosbie. "Tranexamic acid for severe bleeding gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis". Gut 42, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1998): 750–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.5.750.

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Background—It is believed that severe portal hypertensive gastropathy probably accounts for most non-variceal bleeding episodes in patients with cirrhosis. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) also occurs in these patients. It is not clear whether it is a variant of portal hypertensive gastropathy or a distinct condition.Patient—A patient, a 66 year od woman, with cirrhosis initially diagnosed as having portal hypertensive gastropathy and subsequently classified as GAVE is described. She required transfusion with a total of 130 units of packed red cells for gastrointestinal blood loss.Results—The bleeding did not respond to portal decompression with TIPS or beta blockers. Following treatment with oral tranexamic acid she has not required further blood transfusion over a period of 30 months.Conclusion—Tranexamic acid may be a useful treatment for refractory bleeding due to gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with cirrhosis.

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42

Parrado, Raphael Hernando, Hernan Nicolas Lemus, Paola Ximena Coral-Alvarado y Gerardo Quintana López. "Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in Systemic Sclerosis: Current Concepts". International Journal of Rheumatology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/762546.

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Introduction. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare entity with unique endoscopic appearance described as “watermelon stomach.” It has been associated with systemic sclerosis but the pathophysiological changes leading to GAVE have not been explained and still remain uncertain.Methods. Databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched for relevant papers. The main search words were “Gastric antral vascular ectasia,” “Watermelon Stomach,” “GAVE,” “Scleroderma,” and “Systemic Sclerosis.” Fifty-four papers were considered for this review.Results. GAVE is a rare entity in the spectrum of manifestations of systemic sclerosis with unknown pathogenesis. Most patients with systemic sclerosis and GAVE present with asymptomatic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, or heavy acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic therapy and endoscopic ablation are the first-line of treatment. Surgical approach may be recommended for patients who do not respond to medical or endoscopic therapies.Conclusion. GAVE can be properly diagnosed and treated. Early diagnosis is key in the management of GAVE because it makes symptomatic therapies and endoscopic approaches feasible. A high index of suspicion is critical. Future studies and a critical review of the current findings about GAVE are needed to understand the role of this condition in systemic sclerosis.

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Krstic, Miodrag, Tamara Alempijevic, Sladjana Andrejevic, Maja Zlatanovic, Nemanja Damjanov, Branislava Ivanovic, Ivan Jovanovic, Dino Tarabar y Tomica Milosavljevic. "Watermelon stomach in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome". Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, n.º 3 (2010): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1003256k.

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Introduction. Watermelon stomach (WS) or gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding described in a variety of autoimmune disorders. Association of watermelon stomach with Sj?gren's syndrome is extremely rare. Case report. We presented a 67-year old female with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) who had developed a persistent severe iron-deficiency anemia. An upper gastric endoscopy revealed the presence of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) as a cause of occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The treatment with argon-plasma coagulation was postponed as the conservative therapy with iron substitution and proton pump inhibitor led to improvement of anemia and hemoglobin levels normalization. Conclusion. This is the first report of WS in a patient with primary SS without the presence of coexisting autoimmune disorder. Recognition of this rare, but clinically important, cause of gastrointestinal bleeding may decrease comorbidity in patients with autoimmune disorders including primary Sj?gren's syndrome.

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George, P., G. Pawar, B. Pawar y J. Das. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia in a renal transplant patient". Indian Journal of Nephrology 17, n.º 1 (2007): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-4065.35018.

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ISLAM, K. "Risk factors for bleeding in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". American Journal of Gastroenterology 97, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2002): S40—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9270(02)04593-8.

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ALOSAIMI, A. "Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a university hospital-based experience". American Journal of Gastroenterology 97, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2002): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9270(02)04634-8.

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Zepeda-Gómez, Sergio. "Endoscopic Treatment for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: Current Options". GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology 24, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2016): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453271.

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Belle, Janeil M., Michael J. Feiler y Theodore N. Pappas. "Laparoscopic Surgical Treatment for Refractory Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia". Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 19, n.º 5 (octubre de 2009): e189-e193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0b013e3181bb5a19.

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Jalil, A., J. Ponichtera, H. Hameed, C. Purcell y M. Eatock. "GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA: CLINICAL FEATURES, ASSOCIATIONS AND PROGNOSIS". Gut 62, Suppl 2 (8 de junio de 2013): A46.2—A47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305143.113.

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