Tesis sobre el tema "Eczéma de contact"
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Perez, Sophie. "Eczéma de contact au tatouage temporaire Méhandi : à propos d'un cas et revue de littérature". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11057.
Texto completoGamradt, Pia. "Tissue-resident memory T cells in eczema : contribution and protective regulatory mechanisms". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1306/document.
Texto completoAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD), also referred to contact or atopic eczema, are frequent skin inflammatory diseases with increasing prevalence and high socioeconomic impact in Western countries. Eczemas are the prototype of skin delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Skin lesions are induced by the recruitment and activation in the skin of effector/memory T cells specific for environmental antigens that are innocuous to healthy non-allergic individuals.The aim of this work was to better understand the pathophysiology of eczemas by a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of skin resident memory T cells (Trm) to the chronicity and severity of these diseases.Capitalizing on relevant preclinical eczema models and on clinical samples collected from allergic patients, this work showed that: (i) numerous allergen-specific CD8+Trm colonize the eczema lesion, (ii) they accumulate in the epidermis in response to the long-term persistence of the allergen in the skin, (iii) they are instrumental for the recurrence of eczema, but (iv) theyexpress several inhibitory check point receptors (ICRs, such as PD-1, TIM-3) at their surface, which keep them in check to prevent the development of severe immunopathology.Thus, our work provides important information for considering the unique nature of hapteninduced CD8+ Trm and the mechanisms that prevent their unwanted reactivation and subsequent development of chronic or severe skin allergy. The development of therapeutic strategies targeting the reactivation of skin Trm in situ via their ICRs should open new avenues to restore tolerance in allergic individuals
Bonneville, Marlène. "Physiopathologie de l'inflammation cutanée : rôle de l'activation de l'immunité innée cutanée dans le développement de l'eczema allergique de contact". Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/52/71/PDF/these_MBfinal.pdf.
Texto completoHaptens are endowed with pro-inflammatory and antigenic properties responsible for activation of both innate and acquired immunity leading to irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, respectively. Although it has been established that the frequency with which individuals develop allergic contact dermatitis directly correlates with the pro-inflammatory properties of haptens, the pathophysiological mechanisms linking irritancy and allergy are still not known precisely. In the first part of the thesis, we show that the development and severity of allergic contact dermatitis depends on the ability of haptens to deliver non specific inflammatory signals during sensitization, leading to: i) irritant contact dermatitis, ii) recruitment of dendritic cell precursors into the skin, iii) migration rate of dendritic cells to the lymph nodes where T cell activation occurs and, iv) T cell recruitment into the skin. The second part of this work concerns the study of the role of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), an innate immune receptor, in the development of allergic contact dermatitis. We demonstrate that the absence of TLR-2 in sensitized mice leads to an exacerbate allergic contact dermatitis, indicating that TLR-2 is involved in the down-regulation of the skin inflammation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that irritancy conditions the magnitude of allergic responses. Therefore, molecules able to decrease the pro-inflammatory properties of haptens could be new preventive or curative treatments of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis
Bonneville, Marlene. "Physiopathologie de l'inflammation cutanée : rôle de l'activation de l'immunité innée cutanée dans le développement de l'eczéma allergique de contact". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125271.
Texto completoDans une première partie, nous montrons que le développement et la sévérité de l'eczéma allergique dépend : i) de l'intensité de l'eczéma irritant lors de la sensibilisation, ii) du recrutement de précurseurs de cellules dendritiques dans la peau, iii) du taux de migration des cellules dendritiques vers les ganglions, iv) de l'activation des lymphocytes T et, v) de leur recrutement dans la peau pendant l'élicitation. La deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur l'étude du rôle du Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), un récepteur de l'immunité innée, dans le développement de l'eczéma allergique. Nous montrons que l'absence du TLR-2 chez des souris sensibilisées conduit à une exacerbation de l'eczéma allergique, suggérant que le TLR-2 est impliqué dans la régulation de la réponse inflammatoire cutanée. L'ensemble de nos travaux démontre une relation directe entre inflammation cutanée et développement d'un eczéma allergique et permet de proposer de nouvelles pistes préventives et thérapeutiques des eczémas basées sur l'utilisation de molécules anti-inflammatoires à usage topique.
El, ali Zeina. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Nrf2 dans le contrôle de l'allergie cutanée en réponse aux molécules allergisantes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114847/document.
Texto completoAllergic reactions such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are a problem of public health occurring after repeated exposures to contact sensitizers. CHS is a common skin disease involving dendritic cells (DC) playing a key role in this pathology. Contact sensitizers, like dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or cinnamaldehyde (CinA) are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is central for detoxification. In the absence of a chemical stress, Keap1 associates with Nrf2 and leading to its degradation. In the presence of an electrophilic compound like contact sensitizers, Keap1’s conformation is modified leading to Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and transcription of its target genes [heme-oxygénase 1 (ho-1), NADPH quinone oxydoreductase (nqo1), glutathione-s-transferase (gst)]. We showed, for the first time, that Nrf2 controls the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activity in DC activated by contact sensitizers. In the absence of Nrf2, DNCB and CinA induced DC apoptosis via caspase activation involved in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis also called ‘mitochondrial pathway’. This apoptosis was mainly mediated by the production of ROS in response to DNCB. However, ROS faintly control CinA-induced cell death. We also showed that Nrf2 controls the transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 in response to DNCB or CinA and also the transcription of immune related and antioxidant genes that could be implicated in DC apoptosis.Otherwise, we also showed that Nrf2 plays a key role in sensitization and elicitation phases of CHS and even in the irritation phase. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that Nrf2 plays a crucial role in DC during CHS.Finally, we showed that Nrf2 regulates skin Treg and participates to skin tolerance
Cortial, Angèle. "Nouvelles applications des nanoparticules organiques : de la vectorisation d'un mélange d'actifs à travers la peau jusqu'au développement d'un test diagnostique in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10018/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to develop and optimize methods for fragrance mix I (FMI) encapsulation into nanoparticles (NPs) of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) : polymeric NPs (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and solid lipid NPs (SLNs) (prepared with petrolatum, shea butter, candelilla wax, C10-18 triglycerides, or cetyl palmitate). Then, these new NPss were evaluated as vectors through a pig skin to analyze the distribution of the FMI molecules in the different skin layers. In parallel, NPs have also been applied as solubilizers for the development of a new in vitro test for the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Our results show that (i) NPs polymers, mainly anionic NPs, are the most suitable vectors to promote trans-epidermal penetration of fragrance. On the contrary, SLNs were found in the stratum corneum, leading to an accumulation of fragrance in this layer; (ii) whatever the type of NPs, the penetration of the FMI molecules in the deeper layers of the skin depends on their intrinsic partition coefficient; (iii) PCL-NPs significantly increase the FMI solubilization in conventional culture media and, allowing a robust reactivation of circulating specific T cells in patients with allergy to fragrances. All of these results confirm the potential of organic NPs for the development of future strategies (for the skin delivery of several actives in the different skin layers). These new vectors further offer a promising alternative to improve the diagnosis of contact dermatitis induced by fragrances and more generally by hydrophobic allergens
Gomez, de Agüero Tamargo Mercedes. "Rôles des cellules de Langerhans épidermiques dans l'induction et la rupture de la tolérance immunitaire aux allergènes cutanés". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10312.
Texto completoInduction of peripheral tolerance to potentially allergenic molecules in contact with the skin is essential to prevent the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). During my PhD, I contributed to the identification of the mechanisms and actors responsible for the induction of skin tolerance and clarified the respective roles of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the breakdown of skin tolerance leading to the priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and developpement of ACD. Using a mouse model of cutaneous tolerance to a model weak allergen, we show that epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are essential to induce CD8+ T cell tolerance and prevent the development of ACD. Indeed, following the epicutaneous delivery of the weak allergen/hapten DNTB, LC were found to migrate from skin to draining lymph nodes to present the allergen to CD8+ T cells. Depletion and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that LC protect from development of ACD by preventing the priming of allergenspecific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells via two complementary mechanisms: i) anergy/deletion of allergen-specific CD8+ T cells and ii) activation of highly suppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells expressing ICOS. We identified DNTB skin delivery conditions that allow for CD8+ T cell priming and initiation of ACD. Breakdown of tolerance to this weak allergen was associated with i) phenotypic modifications of epidermal LC, ii) recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to the skin and iii) allergen presentation to CD8+ T cells by both LC and dermal Langerin- DC. In addition, LC are involved in tolerance breakdown as their depletion prior to skin immunization abrogated induction of CD8+ effector cells and ACD. These results demonstrate that LC are essential for both the induction of skin tolerance to weak skin allergens and for the induction of ACD, and suggest that their tolerogenic versus immuno-stimulatory function is likely dictated by signals from the skin microenvironment after penetration of the allergen
Bourayne, Marie de. "Rôle de la CK2 dans l’activation de la réponse immunitaire induite par les molécules allergisantes et son lien avec Nrf2". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114823/document.
Texto completoAllergic contact dermatitis represents a severe health problem with increasing worldwide prevalence. It is a T cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease caused by chemicals present in daily or professional environment. Contact sensitizers are low molecular weight compounds termed haptens. These molecules are known to induce an up-regulation of phenotypic markers and cytokine secretion in dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, leading to the generation of effector T lymphocytes (LT).We identified a new kinase, termed CK2 (formerly casein kinase 2), as a key kinase in DCs in the acquisition of a mature phenotype and in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, involved in T cell polarization in response to contact sensitizers. CK2 activity in DC is necessary to induce a Th1 polarization by controlling the secretion of IFN- by LT, and maintains a pre-existing Th17 response. Moreover, CK2 in DC negatively controls a spontaneous Th2 response.Finally, CK2 controls the expression of Nrf2 target genes mRNA. Nrf2 is a protective transcription factor playing a major role in detoxification, oxidative stress and allergic inflammation generated by contact sensitizers. Nrf2 activation involves different kinases and we highlight that c-Jun could be bound to Nrf2 to generate an active transcriptional complex in response to chemicals
Silva, Odile de. "Contribution à l'étude de l'immunotoxicité du Minoxidil : Effets du Minoxidil sur le système immunitaire de la souris". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05S018.
Texto completoKobata, Clarice Marie. "Testes de contato em crianças com eczema". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-20092010-171934/.
Texto completoEczema is a cutaneous inflammatory manifestation in some dermatosis. In children, we highlight atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD). Patch tests help to differentiate irritative contact dermatitis (ICD) from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and define the etiology of allergic contact dermatitis. In patients with AD, it may also help to identify substances that may contribute to the worsening of this dermatosis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of positive patch tests in children with diagnosis of CD and AD with or without CD; to detect the main sensitizers in this group and compare the results between the groups of patients with CD and AD. Methods: From July 2007 to August 2009, 62 children aged between 2 to 12 years old were patch tested with the Brazilian standard battery of patch tests and cosmetic series. The readings were taken at 48 and 96 hours. Results: Thirty-eight patients had at least one positive patch test reactions and 24, all negative. Among the 44 patients with initial diagnosis of AD, 19 were associated with ACD. Among the 18 patients with initial diagnosis of CD, 12 had ACD. In total, there were 76 positive tests, 53 (70%) relevant, and 23 (30%) not relevant to the patient\'s clinical history. Patients with AD showed more positive tests not relevant than patients with diagnosis of CD only, and this difference was statistically significant. (2 = 6.55 and p = 0.01). Considering the relevant tests, nickel sulphate was the main allergen with 14 (22.6%) positive tests, neomycin was the second with seven positive tests (11.3%), and the third substance was cobalt chloride with four (6.4%) positive tests. Tests not relevant were found in 30% of the total of the positive tests. Thimerosol was positive in 11 cases, but in eight patients with AD were not relevant to the clinical history. Conclusions Patients aged between 2 to 12 years old with AD and CD had positive tests, and there were no differences in the frequency of positive tests between these two groups. The main sensitizers, relevant to the clinical history were nickel sulfate, neomycin and cobalt chloride. This result is consistent with several studies in the literature. Patients with AD showed more false-positive tests than patients with CD, possibly due to a defective skin barrier of AD patients, and earlier exposure to topical emollients and treatments for the control of AD. Patch test in children can be considered an important tool for the diagnosis of eczema, identifying the causative agent of CD or worsening cases of AD, and should be performed in all these patients. The correct interpretation of the patch tests is essential to evaluate the association of ACD in patients with AD and to identify the causative agent of the ACD
Accary, Pierre. "Dermites de contact aux endives". Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM122.
Texto completoAl-Amri, Mohammad Abdulla. "Atopic dermatitis : the role of contact allergy in disease and disease exacerbations". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274922.
Texto completoCHEFAI, NADIA. "Dermites de contact au latex : a propos de 25 cas". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M337.
Texto completoDUCRET, DUMET ANNE. "L'allergie aux sparadraps". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN1P057.
Texto completoPIROUX, SERGE MICHEL. "Responsabilite du chrome dans les eczemas allergiques de contact des boulangers-patissiers : a propos d'un cas par manipulation de pate a pain ; proposition d'une batterie d'allergenes specifiques". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13054.
Texto completoALZIEU, PHILIPPE. "Recherche d'une sensibilisation de contact dans les dysidroses et eczemas dysidrosiques". Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT243M.
Texto completoJosefson, Anna. "Nickel allergy and hand eczema : epidemiological aspects". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11855.
Texto completoNickelallergi är vanligt förekommande. Prevalensen i Skandinavien är 15--25% hos kvinnor och cirka 3% hos män. Sambandet mellan nickelallergi och uppkomst av handeksem har tidigare diskuterats och i vissa studier anges att 30--45% av alla individer med nickelallergi får handeksem. Det finns dock endast ett fåtal publicerade studier där personer ur normalbefolkningen har lapptestats för nickel. Handeksem ärvanligt och har ofta flera olika kombinerade orsaker. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att studera nickelallergins betydelse för uppkomst av handeksem. Detfinns ett intresse av att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi över tid, speciellt sedan det i början av 2000-talet infördes ett EU-direktiv som begränsar nickelinnehåll i klockor,smycken, metallknappar etc. Ytterligare ett syfte med avhandlingen var att utvärderaepidemiologiska metoder för att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi.Den första studien var en uppföljningsstudie av 908 flickor ur normalbefolkningen,vilka i skolåldern lapptestats med nickel. Tjugo år senare skickades en enkät till dessa kvinnor, svarsfrekvensen var hög (81%). Förekomsten av självrapporterat handeksemefter 15 års ålder var 17.6%. Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst avhandeksem mellan de kvinnor som var nickelallergiska som barn jämfört med dem som inte var nickelallergiska. År 2006 utfördes ytterligare en studie, som inkluderade de kvinnor som fortfarande bodde i Örebro län. Studien omfattade en klinisk undersökning av händerna samt ett lapptest. 30% av kvinnorna var positiva för nickel.Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst av handeksem mellan de som var positiva för nickel och de som var negativa. Vid separat analys av de kvinnor som angav tidigare barneksem jämfört med dem som aldrig hade haft barneksem visade det sig att risken för handeksem var dubbelt så stor hos nickelallergiker i den gruppen som aldrig hade haft barneksem. Båda studierna visade att barneksem var den största riskfaktorn för att få handeksem som vuxen, med en 3-4 gånger ökad risk. Den tredje studien var en validering av självrapporterad nickelallergi. Överensstämmelsen var låg mellan enkätfrågor gällande nickelallergi och lapptestverifierad nickelallergi. Av dem som själva bedömde sig vara nickelallergiska var endast 59% positiva enligt lapptest. För att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi i befolkningen behövs därför andra metoder. I den fjärde studien utvärderades ett självtest för nickelallergi. 191 patienter från tre olika hudkliniker i Sverige deltog i studien. Validiteten för metoden självtest var tillfredsställande, sensitiviteten var 72%och graden av överensstämmelse var 86%.
Danno, Guillaume Stalder Jean-François. "L'eczéma de contact chez l'enfant à propos de 54 observations /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHdanno.pdf.
Texto completoBonneville, Marlène Nicolas Jean-François. "Physiopathologie de l'inflammation cutanée rôle de l'activation de l'immunité innée cutanée dans le développement de l'eczema allergique de contact /". [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/52/71/PDF/these_MBfinal.pdf.
Texto completoKolesnik, Malgorzata [Verfasser] y Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Bonnekoh. ""Eczema in psoriatico" : closing the gap between palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar chronic contact dermatitis : a clinical, histological and immunohistological study / Malgorzata Kolesnik. Betreuer: Bernd Bonnekoh". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060786087/34.
Texto completoHasler, Paul. "Total IgE and specific IgE against egg albumin in patients with atopic eczema allergic rhinitis before and after treatment with sodium cromoglycate /". Bern, 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Texto completoNilsson, Eskil. "Individual and environmental risk factors for hand eczema in hospital workers". Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100542.
Texto completoHärtill 4 uppsatser
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