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Tesis sobre el tema "Edna"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de enero de 2025

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1

Rodrigues, Thalita Raquel de Carvalho. "Edna Pontellier: una ou múltipla?" Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9182.

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The focus of our research is on Edna Pontellier, the protagonist of The Awakening, a 19th century novel whose main character is a housewife who was in search of her own emancipation. Our theory and critical resources are supported by works written by Per Seyersted(1979) and Nadilza Moreira(2003) both references names for Chopin's scholarship.Besides, we used Beauvoir' (1970), Woolf' (2012) and Showalter's(1979) critical studies to help us to develop our understanding of the 19th century social-hisorical women's context in the USA. For the study of representation we used the concept fromAna Gabriela Macedo e Ana Luisa Amaral(2005). To support our analysis on the role of the narrative voice we used Chris Baldick(1991) Our conclusion is that: Edna Pontellier represents a multiplicity of images and they are presented to the reader as the narrative develops itself showing Edna's multiples “awakenings” as a woman in transition.
O foco de nossa pesquisa está voltado para Edna Pontellier, a protagonista da novela, O Despertar; Edna uma dona de casa do século XIX que lutou pela emancipação como sujeito. Nossa fundamentação teórica se apóia nas obras escritas por Per Seyersted (1979) e Nadilza Moreira (2003) ambos nomes de referências nos estudos sobre Chopin. Além disso, usamos Beauvoir '(1970), Woolf’ (2012) e os estudos críticos de Showalter para nos ajudar a desenvolver a compreensão do contexto sócio-histórico das mulheres do século XIX nos EUA. Para o estudo da representação utilizamos os estudos de Ana Gabriela Macedo e Ana Luisa Amaral (2005). Finalmente, para apoiar a nossa análise sobre o papel da voz narrativa na novela nos amparamos nos estudos de Chris Baldick (1991). Concluimos que: a representação da protagonista, Edna Pontellier, não é una, mas múltipla e caminha juntamente com os diversos “despertares” vivenciados pela personagem ao longo da trama narrativa.

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2

Schaffer, Shari Dean. "Victorian Maternity and Edna Pontellier's Awakening". W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625355.

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3

Villa, Danielle E. "Late Paleozoic deformation at Edna Mountain, Humboldt County, Nevada". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447592.

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4

Graça, Maria de Nazaré Faria Varelas. "Comportamentos de transgressão em Edna O'Brien : leituras e perspectivas". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2767.

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Mestrado em Estudos Ingleses
A adopção da Comunicação Não Verbal como uma estratégia narrativa usada pela escritora irlandesa Edna O’Brien na trilogia The House of Splendid Isolation (1994), Down by the River (1996) e Wild Decembers (1999) constituiu o ponto de partida para a elaboração da presente dissertação. As áreas da Comunicação Não Verbal como a linguagem cinestésica ou a proxémica (a percepção do espaço e o uso que dele fazemos) revelaram-se pertinentes para a análise da referida trilogia. É, igualmente, objectivo deste trabalho problematizar algumas questões que se prendem com a expressão da voz e da experiência no feminino. O corpo, portador de significação, deve ser lido como um texto que oferece uma multiplicidade de leituras e de diferentes perspectivas. Neste contexto, a expressão da voz e da experiência feminina passa necessariamente pela linguagem corporal, assumindo-se como uma alternativa ao discurso patriarcal. A exploração das potencialidades que o corpo oferece como portador de significado e como elemento de ruptura do discurso dominante será também motivo de análise e de discussão neste trabalho. ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this work is to analyse the trilogy, The House of Splendid Isolation (1994), Down by the River (1996) and Wild Decembers (1999) by the Irish writer Edna O’Brien, highlighting the role of Non Verbal Communication as a narrative strategy which reveals women’s voice and experience. It will also be discussed how body language and proxemics are cunnily used by O’Brien as means to convey the idea that women have a discourse of their own which assumes itself as an alternative to the patriarchal one. The body portrays meaning and it should be read as a meaningful text. The multiplicity of readings and perspectives that are offered are quite interesting and enriching. This dissertation will basically offer personal readings of the above trilogy as well as an opportunity to discuss the potentialities of body language as a way of asserting women’s identity and self expression.

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5

Zimmermann, Jonas [Verfasser]. "DNA barcoding and eDNA barcoding in diatoms / Jonas Zimmermann". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106887502X/34.

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6

Platzer, Edna. "Spatial cognition research the human navigation process and its comparability in complex real and virtual environments /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://137.193.200.177/ediss/platzer-edna/meta.html.

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7

Wittenstein, Rebecca. "Renascence the rebirth of Edna St. Vincent Millay and sentimentalism /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1066.

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8

Holm, Ronda Marie. "Edna Pontellier's Impossible Dream: Fantasy and Reality in "The Awakening"". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626055.

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9

Greenwood, Amanda. "Representations of femininity in the novels of Edna O'Brien, 1960-1996". Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3887.

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10

Blum, Edna Pauline Ella [Verfasser]. "Identifikation olfaktorischer Entwicklungsstadien im hipSZ-basierten Differenzierungsprotokoll / Edna Pauline Ella Blum". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239644396/34.

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11

Shovlin, Christina Marie. "Kate Chopin's The Awakening examining Edna Pontellier in Catholic Creole society /". Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341793.

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12

van, der Heyde Mieke Elisabeth. "Assessing the use of eDNA metabarcoding to monitor mine site restoration". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82585.

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Monitoring restoration is key to assessing the success or failure of methodologies, to improve future restoration, and indicate when further intervention may be necessary. This thesis explores the use of eDNA metabarcoding, a technique to detect biodiversity from DNA, to monitor restoration. Here I evaluate multiple terrestrial substrates as sources of DNA and engage in wide-scale testing to assess the recovery of soil microbes, vertebrates, and invertebrates post mine site restoration

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13

Brichto, Olga Tsyganova. "Make bright the arrows Edna St. Vincent Millay and the new lyric /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/642327100/viewonline.

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14

Iuhos, Diana-Iulia [Verfasser] y Edna [Gutachter] Grünblatt. "Hypertonie als Risikofaktor für Morbus Alzheimer / Diana-Iulia Iuhos. Gutachter: Edna Grünblatt". Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1110028334/34.

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15

Löffler, Iva Christiane [Verfasser] y Edna [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünblatt. "Serotonin Transporter Polymorphismen im VITA-Projekt / Iva Christiane Löffler. Betreuer: Edna Grünblatt". Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017451591/34.

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16

Lehman, Suzanne M. (Suzanne Marie). "Kate Chopin's The Awakening: Narcissism in the Suicide and Sexuality of Edna Pontellier". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500307/.

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The central figure in The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, is shown in this thesis to pursue a narcissistic flight from existential reality. Following a review of contemporary criticism, Edna Pontellier's narcissism is discussed in connection with her sexuality and suicide. Sources cited range from biographies of Kate Chopin to scholarly articles to the works of modern psychologists. The emphasis throughout the thesis is on the wealth of interpretations that currently exist on The Awakening as well as the potential for further -study and interpretation in the future. Rather than viewing The Awakening as a purely feministic novel, it is stressed that The Awakening can transcend such categorization and be appreciated on many levels.

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17

Bartl, Jasmin [Verfasser] y Edna [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünblatt. "Impairment of insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease / Jasmin Bartl. Betreuer: Edna Grünblatt". Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029426759/34.

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18

Köppen, Marja Edna [Verfasser]. "Einfluss von Tomateninhaltsstoffen auf die vaskuläre Endothelfunktion rauchender junger Männer / Marja Edna Köppen". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1029936757/34.

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19

Lister, Jessica. "Identification and characterization of eDNA-binding proteins in the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm matrix". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6180.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal organism capable of causing a diverse array of acute and chronic infections. Biofilm formation plays an important role in pathogenesis for many chronic infections by promoting antibiotic tolerance and immune evasion. Both protein and eDNA have previously been identified as major components of the biofilm matrix. Many recent studies have shown that DNA-binding proteins contribute to biofilm structure and stability in other organisms, and that these proteins represent potential targets for therapeutic development. However, little has been done to investigate the role of eDNA-binding proteins in S. aureus biofilms. To address this, we conducted a screen to identify potential eDNA-binding proteins in the S. aureus biofilm matrix. Secreted and cell surface-associated proteins displaying DNA-binding activity were detected using Southwestern blotting and were identified by mass spectrometry. From this screen, we selected Eap, IsaB, and SaeP as candidates for further study. To gain insight into the function of these proteins, in vitro biofilm formation of single and double mutants was assessed in several strain backgrounds. While no major change in overall biomass was observed in these mutants, we found that loss of both eap and isaB resulted a loss of surface-associated eDNA from the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of SaeP resulted in a significant increase in both overall biofilm formation and an increase in surface-associated eDNA. This phenotype was still observed in both sae and nuc mutants at high levels of SaeP expression, suggesting that SaeP-based biofilm enhancement was not completely dependent on Sae-based regulation of the staphylococcal nuclease. The high pIs of these proteins suggest that the association with eDNA is primarily mediated through ionic interactions. These findings suggest that Eap, IsaB, and SaeP function as non-specific eDNA-binding proteins that are important for the maintenance of eDNA in the biofilm matrix. We suggest these proteins represent a new class of functionally redundant matrix proteins capable of significantly impacting biofilm matrix composition.

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20

Kiedrowski, Megan R. "Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular nuclease activity". Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4997.

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Staphylococcus aureus encodes two extracellular nuclease enzymes, Nuc and Nuc2. Nuc is a secreted enzyme that is cut by signal peptidase (SpsB) at the cell membrane and is further processed into two active forms, NucA and NucB, by an unknown protease. Nuc2 is predicted to be a second extracellular nuclease based on sequence homology to the staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and is tethered to the membrane with a N-terminal anchor. At the beginning of these studies, little was understood about the biological and physiological roles of Nuc and Nuc2 in S. aureus. The goal of this dissertation was to characterize the extracellular nuclease activity of S. aureus in order to better understand the contributions of Nuc and Nuc2 to the S. aureus life cycle. The studies presented in Chapter II focus on the role of Nuc in regulating S. aureus biofilm growth. The secreted forms of Nuc, called NucA and NucB, were first identified as anti-biofilm agents present in spent media from a S. aureus alternative sigma factor B (sigB) mutant. Regulation studies identified the major repressors and activators of nuc expression and showed that nuc is repressed under biofilm-forming conditions. By bypassing the native regulatory mechanisms using a nuc inducible plasmid, biofilm growth could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm testing of nuc mutant strains across genetic backgrounds led to the observation that biofilm thickness increased two-fold in the absence of Nuc. More high molecular weight extracellular DNA (eDNA) accumulated in the nuc mutant compared to wild-type cells, indicating a direct link between Nuc and the availability of eDNA to contribute to the biofilm matrix. These studies showed that nuc expression is tightly regulated in S. aureus biofilms, and Nuc activity can greatly impact biofilm formation and maturation. In Chapter III, studies were performed to determine whether Nuc2 is an active nuclease in S. aureus and where the protein is localized in the cell. Upon initial comparison to Nuc, Nuc2 has 42% amino acid identity in the proposed SNase domain, and 7 of 9 residues known to be required for Nuc activity are conserved in Nuc2. Fluorescence microscopy of a Nuc2-sGFP translational fusion demonstrated the protein is localized to the cell membrane, and alkaline phosphatase fusion studies showed that the C-terminus of Nuc2 faces out of the cell. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays facilitated the detection of low levels of Nuc2 activity on the S. aureus cell surface, demonstrating for the first time the enzyme is a functional nuclease, and mutations in the nuc2 gene eliminated this activity. Purification of recombinant Nuc2 also showed that enzyme has DNase activity that is calcium-dependent. Through the construction of Nuc/Nuc2 chimeric proteins, it was determined that localization to the cell membrane does not impair nuclease activity, and the low levels measured for Nuc2 on S. aureus cells is likely due instead to weak expression. The knowledge that Nuc2 is an active nuclease, localized to the cell surface, provides insight into the potential roles Nuc2 may play in a biofilm environment and during S. aureus infection.

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21

Forsthoefel, Jennifer R. "Naming experience and revealing sentiment the archetypal journey in Edna St Vincent Millay's "Renascence" /". Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/63/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 27, 2010) Marti Singer, committee chair; Mary Hocks, Paul Schmidt, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-64).

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22

Forsthoefel, Jennifer Rose. "Naming Experience and Revealing Sentiment: The Archetypal Journey in Edna St Vincent Millay's "Renascence"". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/63.

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This thesis uses archetypal theory as explained by Carol Pearson in The Hero Within: Six Archetypes We Live By to illustrate the heroic journey undertaken by the protagonist in Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem "Renascence." Feminist archetypal theory is a useful lens for gaining the reader access to the underlying paradigms of struggle experienced by the female literary character because it exposes the parallels that exist in separate female experiences. By applying Pearson's theory to Millay's work, readers are able to elucidate more clearly the methods used by the poet to create commonality and continuity with her female audience. Throughout the poem, the protagonist hero recursively circles through the Innocent, Orphan, Martyr, Wanderer, Warrior, and Magician phases. This essay utilizes a close reading strategy to illustrate its argument and provide evidence to its conclusions.

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23

Cremer, Nicole [Verfasser] y Edna [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünblatt. "Genexpression bei der Alzheimer Demenz und dem Morbus Parkinson / Nicole Cremer. Betreuer: Edna Grünblatt". Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103213156X/34.

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24

Marshall, Nathaniel T. "Advancing Genetic Analyses and Implementing eDNA Metabarcoding for InvasiveSpecies Detection and Macroinvertebrate Community Composition". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556893201129347.

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25

Hellmér, Elin. "Using eDNA to improve environmental monitoring for water bodies effected by hydropower in Sweden". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235981.

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The aim of this report is to contribute to the base of knowledge on environmental monitoring by increasing understanding of how eDNA, electrofishing and sampling fishing may be used to examine fish biodiversity. It also aims at understanding if fish indexes developed within the Water Framework Directive reflect biodiversity, as well as the potential of eDNA data to serve as input to these indexes. This was done by using three different approaches. Firstly, in order to establish which of the methods eDNA, electrofishing and sampling fishing is more suitable to measure the different dimensions of biodiversity (species richness, species evenness and genetic diversity), a literature review comparing the different methods was carried out. It was found that eDNA yields a more detailed results for species richness, electrofishing yields better results for species evenness and sampling fishing is outperformed by eDNA and electrofishing alike. Both electrofishing and sampling fishing may collect data for genetic diversity analysis, however electrofishing outperforms sampling fishing with regards to amount of species caught, making electrofishing a more suitable data collection method. Secondly, in order to gain insight on practical usage of eDNA, a case study of Spjutmo (Dalarna county) was reviewed. It was established that eDNA generated more detailed information of species richness in the case of Spjutmo (as compared to electrofishing). The relative abundance data generated by the eDNA study might be seen as a measure of species evenness. However, electrofishing yielded data which may serve as input to species evenness indices. To the best knowledge of the author, none of the methods generated data on genetic diversity in this specific case. Officials from the energy company Fortum and the county board of Dalarna were also interviewed in order to get insight on what potential they see for eDNA to contribute to environmental monitoring. Both officials point at the ability to estimate abundance as a desired feature, hence a better understanding of what the relative abundance results indicates is wanted. The two interviews indicate that this understanding is an important feature to develop in order to make metabarcoding studies effective in current environmental monitoring. Thirdly, in order to understand if fish indexes developed within the Water Framework Directive reflect biodiversity, a literature review was performed. It was found that, all but one of the compared indexes incorporates or somewhat incorporates species richness. However, only five indexes are indicative or somewhat indicative of species richness. Species evenness is incorporated or somewhat incorporated by two indexes, which are also indicative or somewhat indicative of species evenness. None of the indexes incorporate or indicate genetic diversity. Within the third literature review, the potential of eDNA data to serve as input to current fish-based indexes developed within the Water Framework Directive, was studied. It was found that eDNA data may serve as input to only one index in its present form. However, five indexes also use proportional information (e.g. proportion of tolerant species), which possibly could be provided by eDNA data. The index where usage of eDNA data is currently possible uses presence-absence information.
Målet med denna rapport är att bidra till kunskapsläget kring miljöövervakning genom att öka förståelsen för hur eDNA, elfiske och provfiske kan användas för att undersöka fisk biodiversitet. Målet är också att förstå om fisk-index utvecklade inom ramen för det Europeiska vattendirektivet reflekterar biodiversitet samt om data från eDNA kan utgöra input till dessa index. För att uppfylla dessa mål användes tre metoder. För att etablera vilken av metoderna eDNA, elfiske och provfiske är mer lämpad att mäta de olika dimensionerna av biodiversitet (artrikedom, distribution av arter och genetisk diversitet), genomfördes en litteraturstudie. Slutsatsen kunde dras att eDNA mäter artrikedom med högst noggrannhet, elfiske mäter distribution av arter mer detaljerat och att provfiske överträffas av både eDNA och elfiske i alla dimensioner. Både elfiske och provfiske kan samla data för analys av genetisk diversitet, men elfiske överträffar provfiske gällande hur många arter som fångas, vilket gör elfiske mer lämpligt som metod att samla in data för genetisk analys. För att få praktisk insikt i ett fall där eDNA använts, granskades en fallstudie från Spjutmo (i Dalarnas län). eDNA genererade mer detaljerad information om artrikedom än elfiske i detta fall. Datan genererad av eDNA kring relativ abundans mellan arter skulle kunna tolkas som ett mått på distribution av arter. Data genererad av elfiske kan å andra sidan användas som input till olika index för distribution av arter. Författaren veterligen, genererade varken eDNA eller elfiske mått på genetisk diversitet i detta specifika fall. Två personer, en från Fortum och en från länsstyrelsen Dalarna intervjuades också för att få insikt i deras syn på potentialen av att använda eDNA som ett miljöövervakningsverktyg. Båda intervjupersonerna pekade på att en bättre förståelse av de relativa abundansvärdena indikerar är önskad. Båda intervjupersonerna pekade på att det är en viktig aspekt för att metabarcoding studier ska vara effektiva i nuvarande miljöövervakning. För att förstå om fisk-index utvecklade för EU’s vattendirektiv reflekterar biodiversitet, genomfördes en komparativ litteraturstudie av index. Alla index förutom ett inkorporerar eller delvis inkorporerar artrikedom. Bara fem indikerar eller delvis indikerar artrikedom. Distribution av arter inkorporeras eller delvis inkorporeras av två index som också indikerar eller delvis indikerar distribution av arter. Inom den komparativa litteraturstudien av index, studerades även potential att fungera som input av data genererad av eDNA till indexen. Data genererad av eDNA kan i dagsläget fungera som input till ett av indexen. Fem index använder någon form av proportionell data (t.ex. proportion av toleranta arter), som möjligen skulle kunna ges av eDNA. Indexet till vilket det är möjligt att använda eDNA data använder närvarande-ej närvarande information som input.

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26

White, Gerald Kingswood. "Diffusion of ICT in education and the role of collaboration: a study of EdNA". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2559.

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This research explored the diffusion of information and communications technology (ICT) innovations in education through a case study of Education Network Australia (EdNA) spanning fourteen years since EdNA's establishment in 1995.The study began by developing a comprehensive and original chronological history of the establishment, development and management of EdNA, with a particular focus on the collaboration amongst stakeholders in all of these phases. Four research questions were developed for the study to address. Evidence from documentary analysis, interviews with stakeholders and personal recollections was triangulated in addressing those questions.From a theoretical point of view, in the absence of theory specific to diffusion of ICT innovations in education, the research used as a theoretical starting point the work of Rogers (2003) on diffusion of innovations more generally. The analysis and interpretation of the literature related to Rogers’ theory highlighted that the likelihood of success of an innovation appears to be linked to its antecedents and pattern of its take up.An additional dimension of the theoretical framework of this study concerned the concept of collaboration amongst stakeholders – demonstrably a key concept in relation to EdNA, but one which has been very poorly defined in the literature. This study therefore developed a clear definition of collaboration in education for application to large scale projects such as EdNA, distilling the definition and characteristics of collaboration from previous work by Education.au Limited (2004) and Clark (2008).The above led to the theoretical proposition that the successful diffusion of an ICT innovation in education can be judged by its antecedents, its rate of population take up and the strength of collaboration associated with it. This theory was tested through a detailed analysis, using evidence from the EdNA case study.The findings of the study were that the new theory provided a robust basis for analysis of the diffusion of EdNA and the role of collaboration in that diffusion. Specifically, collaboration was found to be strong at high levels of influence (senior officials) in the establishment phases of the development of EdNA with leadership from the Commonwealth and a commitment to the initiative by State education and training Ministers and their senior staffs. The indicators of the likelihood of success were in place within five years after which time the national bodies sought a wider education technology agenda. The national initiative then operated by cooperation (Himmelmann, 1993) for a short period before moving to coordination by Education.au as the managing body in consultation with the Commonwealth and the States. During the coordination period innovation with EdNA services and new social technologies deployed on EdNA were strong and led to the emergence of online collaboration among users.The shift from national collaboration at a high level of influence in establishing the EdNA initiative to online collaboration among users as a result of innovation supports the proposal that collaboration in education is the process of co-creating knowledge while sharing physical or virtual space. However, this research did not support the view that the role of collaboration, beyond the establishment of the initiative, had a positive effect on the diffusion of ICT innovations in education because intensive collaboration is very demanding in terms of time and resources.This study addressed major theoretical and analytical gaps in the literature on diffusion of large-scale, national ICT innovations in education. It provides a sound basis for future research and practice.

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27

Michailidou, Artemis. "A revisionary interpretation of Edna St. Vincent Millay's poetry : modernism, feminism, classicism and cultural legacy". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395894.

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28

West, Katrina Marie. "The development and application of eDNA metabarcoding for aquatic biomonitoring in Australia’s Indian Ocean region". Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/80394.

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The advent of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, a technique which characterises DNA shed by both aquatic and terrestrial organisms into their immediate surroundings, has considerable potential to rapidly identify complex species assemblages for biomonitoring purposes. There are few studies however, that have applied these technologies for aquatic surveying in Australia. This PhD thesis furthers the development and application of eDNA metabarcoding across a variety of aquatic ecosystems and spatial scales within Australia’s Indian Ocean region.

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Caguana, Barrios Giulia Flor. "Proposta di traduzione di Verde fue mi selva di Edna Iturralde: analisi di una prospettiva interculturale". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10719/.

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L'elaborato presenta una proposta di traduzione di due capitoli del libro "Verde fue mi selva" di Edna Iturralde e commenta le scelte traduttive impiegate. Inoltre vengono approfonditi alcuni aspetti culturali delle culture indigene protagonista dei racconti.

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30

Gruenwald, Jacqueline C. "Revising gender roles : the de-evolution of the heroine in the film adaptations of Edna Ferber /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594479921&sid=22&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Rapsinski, Glenn James. "Immune Recognition of S. Typhimurium Biofilms via Amyloids and Extracellular DNA". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/273605.

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Microbiology and Immunology
Ph.D.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and the developing world. Biofilm growth is an significant mechanism, which S. Typhimurium utilizes to contaminate food products and survive in the environment. Biofilms are also an important part of the infectious process for many pathogenic bacteria. As part of the biofilm, S. Typhimurium produces an extracellular matrix consisting of cellulose, extracellular DNA, and most importantly, the amyloid protein curli. Similar to amyloids associated with human diseases, curli is recognized by the innate immune system through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Here, we studied the immune receptors recognizing curli as well as interactions between eDNA and curli during biofilm development in order to glean a better understanding of these complex bacterial communities and the immune response to them. Recently, our lab demonstrated that curli fibers are recognized by the TLR2/TLR1 complex. CD14 has been shown to be a common adaptor protein for TLR2/TLR1 complex in response to one of its ligands, tri-acylated lipopeptide, Pam3CSK4. In order to study the role of CD14 in the immune receptor complex recognizing curli, we utilized HeLa 57A cells, a human cervical cancer cell line that has a stably transfected luciferase reporter for Nf-κB activation. When these cells were transiently transfected with TLR2 and TLR1 together or with the addition of membrane-bound CD14, NfκB activation was enhanced by the presence of CD14 in response to purified curli, GST-tagged curli subunit (GST-CsgA), and the control lipopeptide Pam3CSK4. Soluble CD14 also increased NfκB activation in response to purified curli. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from wild type (C57BL/6) mice produced more IL-6 and nitric oxide in response to stimulation with purified curli, GST-CsgA, and Pam3CSK4, than BMDMs deficient in CD14. Binding assays demonstrated direct binding of curli to all members of this hypothesized trimolecular complex, TLR2, TLR1, and CD14. Utilizing synthetic peptides corresponding to the fourth and fifth repeat of the CsgA monomer, CsgA R4-5, and its modified version, CsgA R4-5N122A deficient in forming amyloid fibers, we also showed that binding to CD14, and CD14 enhancement of IL-6 production required the fibrillar amyloid structure of curli. To study interactions between curli and eDNA in biofilms and the resulting immune response generated to composites formed by these ECM components, we analyzed biofilms of GFP expressing S. Typhimurium using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Staining for amyloids with Congo Red revealed the presence of curli in the biofilms and staining with propidium iodide demonstrated the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilms. Co-staining with TOTO-1, a nucleic acid stain, and Congo Red showed co-localization of the fluorescent signal for these molecules within the biofilms. DNase I treatment of the biofilms produced no significant change in biofilm thickness by confocal microscopy signifying that the biofilm, possibly eDNA, was resistant to DNase treatment. This was further confirmed by the presence of DNA in purified curli fibers, which were treated twice with DNase and RNase. Polymerization assays showed acceleration of amyloid polymerization in the presence of DNA from both bacteria and salmon sperm. CLSM of bone marrow derived dendritic cells demonstrated that DCs are able to sample antigens from biofilms. BMDCs also produced robust quantities of proinflammatory cytokines in response to wild type, msbB, and ΔfliCfljB S. Typhimurium biofilms and purified amyloid/DNA composites as measured by ELISA. Using BMDCs deficient in TLR2 and TLR9, we found that this cytokine production was partially dependent on TLR2, but did not require TLR9. Together, these findings significantly broaden our understanding of S. Typhimurium biofilms and the immune response to ECM components present in its biofilms. We now understand that a trimolecular complex of TLR2/TLR1/CD14 is required for full response to curli by innate immune cells. We also discerned that interactions between biofilm components aid biofilm development and create composites that are highly immunogenic. This new information enhances the need to explore the interaction between composite ligands and the immune system rather than only studying ligands individually.
Temple University--Theses

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Longoria, Edna A. "Carlos Chavez, Gabriela Ortiz, and Edna A. Longoria| Evolving methods of incorporating indigenous and popular Mexican music". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1571461.

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This paper examines the evolving methods of incorporating indigenous and popular Mexican music since the Nationalistic period in México. This project report also shows how the integration of Mexican folk music in Mexican composers' works has changed throughout the years. This paper analyzes the compositions Sinfonía india written by Carlos Chávez and ¡Únicamente la verdad! written by Gabriela Ortíz. This paper also analyzes "Tezcatlipoca, A Sacrifice Dance," a chamber orchestra work by myself, a Mexican-American student composer. "Tezcatlipoca, A Sacrifice Dance" incorporates Mexican folk music as well as Carlos Chávez, Gabriela Ortíz and many other Mexican composers.

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33

Rasch, Edna [Verfasser]. "Persönliche Vorsprache im Verwaltungsrecht : Bedeutung, rechtliche Grundlagen und Grenzen unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Veränderungen der Verwaltungsstrukturen / Edna Rasch". Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166513122/34.

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34

Luquini, Jerfferson Paim. "Um estudo antropológico das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no seminário integrado na instituição de ensino Edna May Cardoso". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13073.

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This research, carried out with the post-graduate program in Social Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) in the line of research called Social Identities, Ethnicity and Education, investigated the pedagogical practices developed in the discipline of integrated seminar, leading In consideration of the (im) possibilities of an interdisciplinary practice in the area of Human Sciences. In order to develop this research, I set out to answer the following research problem: Considering the Pedagogical Proposal for Polytechnic Secondary Education and Integrated Professional Education for Higher Education 2011-2014, how are the pedagogical practices developed within the framework of the integrated seminar taking place? Into account the dialogue between Philosophy, Sociology, History and Geography? For that, the investigative course was: Ethnographic work carried out at the Edna May Cardoso School, located in the eastern part of the city of Santa Maria-RS, in addition to in-depth interviews with teachers. The data reveal how challenging the restructuring proposal of High School is, as well as shows the difficulties of teachers in creating an interdisciplinary dialogue within the discipline of integrated seminar. Thus, in view of the whole scenario found, we conclude that the dialogue between the disciplines does not occur for a number of factors, such as: working hours in more than one school, single teachers planning and conducting activities related to the discipline of Seminar, and the system is still structured in a disciplinary way. This last factor brings with it a particularity, since breaking with this disciplinary tradition, and from then on starting to work in an interdisciplinary way has been one of the issues facing the integrated seminar and the teachers. Finally, it was identified, described and problematized the pedagogical practices found, mapping the possibilities and impossibilities of an interdisciplinary practice that emerged from it, seeking at all times to make a dialogue in the interface between the Anthropology and the Sociology of Education.
A presente pesquisa, realizada junto ao programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) na linha de pesquisa denominada Identidades Sociais, Etnicidade e Educação, investigou-se as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na disciplina de seminário integrado, levando em consideração as (im) possibilidades de uma prática interdisciplinar na área das Ciências Humanas. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa, me propus a responder o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Considerando a Proposta Pedagógica para o Ensino Médio Politécnico e Educação Profissional Integrada ao Ensino Médio 2011-2014, como estão sendo efetivadas as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no âmbito do seminário integrado, levando em conta o diálogo entre a Filosofia, Sociologia, História e Geografia? Para tanto, o percurso investigativo foi: Trabalho etnográfico realizado na Escola Edna May Cardoso, situada na zona leste da cidade de Santa Maria-RS, além de entrevistas em profundidade realizada com os professores. Os dados revelam o quão desafiadora é a proposta de reestruturação do Ensino Médio, bem como mostra as dificuldades dos professores em tecer um diálogo interdisciplinar no âmbito da disciplina de seminário integrado. Deste modo, diante de todo o cenário encontrado, chegamos à conclusão de que o diálogo entre as disciplinas não ocorre por uma série de fatores, tais como: carga horária em mais de uma escola, professores sozinhos planejando e conduzindo as atividades referentes à disciplina de seminário integrado, além do sistema ainda estar estruturado na forma disciplinar. Este último fator traz consigo uma particularidade, uma vez que romper com esta tradição disciplinar, e a partir de então começar a trabalhar de forma interdisciplinar tem sido uma das questões caras ao seminário integrado e aos professores. Por fim, Identificou-se, descreveu-se e problematizou-se as práticas pedagógicas encontradas, mapeando as possibilidades e impossibilidades de uma prática interdisciplinar que daí emergiu procurando a todo instante fazer um diálogo na interface entre a Antropologia e a Sociologia da Educação.

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35

Sgro, Chiara <1979&gt. "Censoring Ireland: Irish censorship in the 1950s and 1960s: the cases of Edna O'Brien and John Mcgahern". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/352.

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Anderson, Kathryn Elizabeth. "“These Were the Things That Bounded Me”: A New Examination of Millay’s Dramatic Works". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1207239609.

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37

Martin, Jeannie M. "Islanded in the protected enclaves of family and nation, home and homeland in Jamaica Kincaid and Edna O'Brien". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24487.pdf.

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38

Reeser, Alanna L. ""She believed her ballyhoo" women and advertising in fiction by Edna Ferber, Jessie Redmon Fauset, and Fannie Hurst /". Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317334401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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39

Hussein, Ahmed T. "The representation of the Arab world by twentieth century English writers : Lawrence Durrell, Edna O'Brien & Jonathan Raban". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30929/.

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In the European narration of the Orient, there is a deliberate stress on those qualities that make the East different from the West. In his Orientalism Edward Said offers perspectives for studying the Western works that depict the Orient and its people. He argues that the orientalist discourse has managed - and till now continues - to exile the Orient into an irretrievable state of "otherness”. This thesis contains an analytical and critical examination of Said's views as presented in his book. It attempts to test Said's formulations against a deliberately assorted collection of English literary works. The First Chapter sketches the general background to the theory of the orientalist discourse and to Said's views of the latter in regard to the Western documentation of the East and the Arabs. This chapter also offers an explanation for the deliberate choice of 'primary texts'. The Second Chapter introduces Lawrence Durrell's work The Alexandria Quartet and examines how far Durrell adheres to the 'rituals' of the orientalists as defined by Said. The chapter's main focus is on Durrell's depiction of Alexandria as an Arab city. Chapter Three is primarily concerned with Durrell's treatment of the 'desert'. This is compared to the introduction of the theme of the desert in the writing (The Seven Pillars of Wisdom) of T. E. Lawrence who is cited as a representative of the traditional English 'desert' writers. Chapter Four contains an appreciation to Durrell's treatment to the theme of the 'quest'. The quest of Mountolive is compared to the treatment of that theme in William Beckford's Vathek. Durrell's portrayal of the Alexandrian woman and 'Egyptian sexuality' is discussed in Chapter Five, with a retrospect to Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. The Chapter examines the differences and the similarities between old and modern presentations of the Alexandrian woman. Chapter Six looks at Edna O'Brien's Arabian Days. This Chapter investigates the representation of the Arabs in the post-colonial post-oil modern time. It attempts to see if O'Brien's writing still conveys the old dogmas of the orientalist discourse. Chapter Seven deals with Jonathan Raban's representation of the Arab World in his Arabia Through The Looking Glass. Raban's expedition to Arabia comes a few years after O'Brien's, and it is worth considering how far the two experiences are similar or different. The Chapter also tries to demonstrate the weight of Raban's work when taken in the context of mainstream representation of the Arabs and their world especially in the work of Durrell. The Conclusion emphasizes the need for a fairer stand in relation to the depiction and the portrayal of one culture by another. It also poses the question of how far should portrayals be trusted or, indeed, be judged. It calls for the lifting up of the fog that clouds the visions of both sides in question.

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40

Makule, Edna [Verfasser] y Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Heilmann. "Ethnopharmacological survey and phytochemical investigation of Maasai traditional medicinal plants from north-eastern Tanzania / Edna Makule ; Betreuer: Jörg Heilmann". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1149920262/34.

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41

Teixeira, Gabriela Alexandra Sousa. "Instâncias da perspectiva feminina na Irlanda de meados do século XX : tradução anotada de quatro contos de Edna O'Brien". Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55689.

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Esta dissertação de Mestrado sobre a escritora Irlandesa Edan O‟Brien divide-se em três grandes capítulos que incluem: a tradução de quatro contos; as reflexões teóricas sobre a sua escrita e sobre a sua recepção crítica e as reflexões práticas relativamente às opções tomadas pela tradutora. Os contos em questão têm como temática a perspectiva feminina das pressões que as mulheres sofriam por parte de uma cultura irlandesa fortemente católica e patriarcal que destruía o “eu” das mulheres e as confinava à esfera privada da vida. As traduções têm como principal objectivo ser o mais fiel possível à escrita descritiva e coloquial da autora, ao mesmo tempo que há a preocupação de dar aos textos de chegada naturalidade e fluidez nas palavras usadas para que a leitura se torne o mais harmoniosa possível, tendo sempre em atenção o respeito pelas marcas culturais presentes nos textos.

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42

Teixeira, Gabriela Alexandra Sousa. "Instâncias da perspectiva feminina na Irlanda de meados do século XX : tradução anotada de quatro contos de Edna O'Brien". Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2010. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000206756.

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Esta dissertação de Mestrado sobre a escritora Irlandesa Edan O‟Brien divide-se em três grandes capítulos que incluem: a tradução de quatro contos; as reflexões teóricas sobre a sua escrita e sobre a sua recepção crítica e as reflexões práticas relativamente às opções tomadas pela tradutora. Os contos em questão têm como temática a perspectiva feminina das pressões que as mulheres sofriam por parte de uma cultura irlandesa fortemente católica e patriarcal que destruía o “eu” das mulheres e as confinava à esfera privada da vida. As traduções têm como principal objectivo ser o mais fiel possível à escrita descritiva e coloquial da autora, ao mesmo tempo que há a preocupação de dar aos textos de chegada naturalidade e fluidez nas palavras usadas para que a leitura se torne o mais harmoniosa possível, tendo sempre em atenção o respeito pelas marcas culturais presentes nos textos.

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43

Bakker, Judith. "e(lasmo)DNA : the role of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis in marine fish biodiversity assessment, with special focus on elasmobranchs". Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46838/.

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Knowledge of spatial and temporal variation in abundance is critical for the implementation of effective protective measures for organisms that are both naturally rare and vulnerable to exploitation. Therefore, the development of management and conservation strategies for taxa like teleosts and elasmobranchs, depends on the accurate assessment and monitoring of the distribution and abundance of target species. However, detecting species occurrences is often even more challenging in the aquatic environment than on land. Consequently, as is the case for many mobile, and often rare, vertebrates, fish (and particularly shark) detection is inherently difficult. Environmental DNA metabarcoding, based on the retrieval of genetic traces (skin cells, metabolic waste, etc.) naturally released in the environment, is emerging as a non-invasive method for the detection and identification of rare and elusive species in a wide range of ecosystems, including aquatic environments. My thesis addresses the development and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach for the assessment of marine communities, and particularly of elasmobranch species. This novel eDNA approach was developed to investigate elasmobranch diversity in order to assess species richness in areas of special conservation concern. While simultaneously examining the influence of interacting factors such as habitat type and conservation regime in determining diversity and abundance. Additionally, the performance of eDNA analysis was compared with more traditional sampling methods. Moreover, the performances of multiple markers for the detection and characterization of both elasmobranch and teleost diversity were tested and evaluated. The potential implications of eDNA for fish, and larger scale marine community assessment and monitoring, spatial planning and fisheries management are significant.

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44

Ooko, Edna [Verfasser]. "Molecular mechanism of action and pharmacogenomics of curcumin, curcumin synthetic derivatives and combinations with curcumin in cancer therapy / Edna Ooko". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128922738/34.

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45

Mawdsley, Paul F. W. "The Effects of Cluster Thinning on Vine Performance, Fruit, and Wine Composition of Pinot Noir (Clone 115) in the Edna Valley of California". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2090.

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A three-year study was conducted at a commercial vineyard site in California’s Edna Valley AVA to evaluate the physiological and agronomical effects of the timing of cluster thinning on Pinot noir (clone 115) grapevines. Vines were thinned to one cluster per shoot at three selected time-points during the growing season (bloom, bloom + 4 weeks, bloom + 8 weeks), and fruit from each treatment was harvested and made into wine. Across all growing seasons, yield decreased 43% in thinned vines relative to un-thinned control vines. No effect of cluster thinning or interaction with growing season was found in vine shoot diameter, internode length, fruit zone light level, or cluster weight. Growing season significantly affected more fruit and wine parameters than did cluster thinning treatment, with interactions between treatment and growing season found in fruit Brix, titratable acidity, and anthocyanins, as well as wine anthocyanins and wine b* (yellow component). For example, bloom + 8 and bloom + 12 thinning treatments advanced Brix in 2017 but had no effect in 2018. Cluster thinning treatments increased berry anthocyanins by 43% in 2017 and by 103% in 2018 relative to the control. Similarly, cluster thinning increased berry total phenolics by 87% in 2017 and by 140% in 2018 relative to the control, with no significant differences found between the different thinning treatments. However, the levels of anthocyanins and total phenolics were generally not affected by cluster thinning treatment in the resulting wines. The fact that different cluster thinning treatments resulted in nil or minor effects on fruit and wine suggests that the vines tested were at or below a balanced crop load prior to the application of cluster thinning. Edna Valley AVA could likely support higher crop loads than 3.2 on the Ravaz index without negatively impacting fruit or wine composition and reducing crop load below that level is unlikely to increase fruit or wine quality.

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46

Dunbar, Siobhan Mary. "(Un)silencing the voices of the country girls: A journey into twentieth-century Irish girlhood through the fiction of Edna O'Brien". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27977.

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Edna O'Brien is a prolific and highly successful contemporary Irish novelist, short story writer, and playwright. Her first six novels were banned in 1960s Ireland and since then, her subversive writing about Irish women's lives has often sparked controversy and debate in and even beyond her Irish homeland. This thesis explores O'Brien's portrayal of rural Irish girlhood in post-Independence, twentieth-century Ireland in the novels The Country Girls (1960), A Pagan Place (1970), the short story collection Returning (1982), as well as the later novel Down by the River (1997). Chapter One delves into the mother-daughter bond in O'Brien's fiction. Chapter Two, in turn, examines the often painful father-daughter relationship Finally, Chapter Three discusses O'Brien's complex portrayal of female sexuality. This study argues that O'Brien constructs powerful and haunting fictional voices of "Irish girlhood" and through them, makes a unique contribution to the Irish Bildungsroman tradition. Her fiction points to some of the immense challenges confronted by young adolescent girls in mid-to-late twentieth-century Ireland, not only in their homes but also within their relationships, schools, and rural communities.

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47

Wittwer, Claudia Janina [Verfasser], Marco [Gutachter] Thines y Sven [Gutachter] Klimpel. "eDNA-based detection of the crayfish plague, Aphanomyces astaci (Schikora 1906), in Germany / Claudia Janina Wittwer ; Gutachter: Marco Thines, Sven Klimpel". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201131219/34.

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48

Wittwer, Claudia [Verfasser], Marco [Gutachter] Thines y Sven [Gutachter] Klimpel. "eDNA-based detection of the crayfish plague, Aphanomyces astaci (Schikora 1906), in Germany / Claudia Janina Wittwer ; Gutachter: Marco Thines, Sven Klimpel". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201131219/34.

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49

Ulibarri, Roy M. "Habitat Suitability Criteria for Zuni Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus yarrowi and Navajo Nation Genetic Subunit Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus and Comparing Efficiency of AFS Standard Snorkeling Techniques to eDNA Sampling Techniques". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604876.

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I quantified habitat selection for the endangered Zuni Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus yarrowi and the Navajo Nation Genetic Subunit (NNGS) Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus - a recent taxon described from genetic information. Both taxa are found in northern Arizona and New Mexico border regions. I examined fish [≥50 millimeters (mm) total length (TL)] selection of microhabitat conditions (i.e., water velocity, substrate size, overhead cover, water depth, instream cover, and mesohabitat conditions [i.e., pool, run riffle], during summer base flow conditions for NNGS Bluehead Suckers, and during both summer base flow and high spring flow conditions for Zuni Bluehead Suckers in six streams). Electrofishing, seining, and snorkeling were used to evaluate fish occupancy. From this information, I developed stream specific habitat suitability criteria (HSC) and then generalized HSC for each taxon, and tested transferability of the generalized HSC to individual streams. Zuni Bluehead Suckers and NNGS Bluehead Suckers occupied similar habitats: low velocity pools; sand, silt, and pebble substrate; high percent of instream cover; and water temperatures ranging from 2-21°C. However, Zuni Bluehead Suckers selected for low (0-25%) overhead cover where as NNGS Bluehead Sucker selected for high (0-75%) overhead cover. This was likely due to the source of instream cover–aquatic macrophytes that required sunlight in the Zuni Bluehead Sucker streams, and large woody debris falling from overhead branches in the NNGS Bluehead Sucker streams. Suggestions for managers includes maintaining existing cover or artificially construct additional instream cover; promote overhead cover (e.g., maintaining large trees along streams) and pool mesohabitats. In addition to this work I also tested the new method of environmental DNA (eDNA) to further help conservation efforts for these taxa. Environmental DNA has typically been used to detect invasive species in aquatic environments through water samples. I compared the efficacy of eDNA methodology to American Fisheries Society standard snorkeling surveys to detect presence of a rare fish species. My study site included three streams on the Navajo Nation in northern Arizona and northern New Mexico containing Navajo Nation Genetic Subunit Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus and the Zuni Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus yarrowi. To determine sample sites, I first divided entire wetted area of streams into 100-m consecutive reaches. I systematically selected 10 of those reaches for snorkel and eDNA surveys. Water samples were taken in 10-m sections within each 100-m reach, and fish presence via snorkeling was noted in each 10-m section as well. Water samples were collected at the downstream starting point of each reach, and continued upstream in each section 5 to 8 m ahead of the snorkeler. A qPCR was run on each individual water sample in quadruplicate to test for sucker presence or absence. I was able to positively detect both species with eDNA sampling techniques in two out of three streams. Snorkeling resulted in positive detections of both species in all three streams. In streams where fish were detected with eDNA sampling, snorkeling detected fishes at 11-29 sites per stream, where as eDNA detected fish at 3-12 sites per streams. My results suggested that AFS standard snorkeling was more effective at detecting target fish species than eDNA. To improve eDNA sampling, the amount of water collected and tested should be increased. Additionally, filtering water on site may improve eDNA techniques for detecting fish. Future research should focus on standardizing eDNA sampling to provide a widely operational sampling tool similar to electrofishing, netting, and hydroacoustics.

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50

Hood, Heather A. "A study and application of the ancient Te Deum in postmodern worship at Christ Presbyterian Church, Edina, Minnesota". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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