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Starzyński, Wojciech. "Roman Ingarden’s Egology and Cartesianism". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 66, n.º 1 (30 de mayo de 2021): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2021.1.10.
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"The article focuses on the problem of egology in the thought of Roman Ingarden, a conception that offers a creative and critical response to Husserl’s egology and converges with the historical conception of the ego in Descartes. It analyses the problem in two stages based on two important texts by Ingarden: Controversy over the Existence of the World and Man and Time. Starting with reflections on the status of pure consciousness, Ingarden recognises the pure ego as something solely abstract compared with the worldly and irreducible real ego. From there his reflections on the ego move on to the problem of its substantiality, specific temporality as well as the role and experience of the body to finally produce a philosophy of existence with ethical and personalistic overtones. In this way Ingarden recreates the egological journey in Descartes, who, searching for the foundation of knowledge, identified subjectivity as the union of body and soul and saw its fulfilment in the ethical experience of generosity. Keywords: egology, ego, Cartesianism, Ingarden, Husserl, substantiality, temporality, human existence, realism. "
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Zahavi, Dan. "Self and other: from pure ego to co-constituted we". Continental Philosophy Review 48, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2015): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11007-015-9328-2.
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Cavallaro, Marco. "The Phenomenon of Ego-Splitting in Husserl’s Phenomenology of Pure Phantasy". Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 48, n.º 2 (14 de noviembre de 2016): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2016.1250436.
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Noam, Gil G., Katherine Paget, Gayle Valianta, Sophie Borst y John Bartok. "Conduct and affective disorders in developmental perspective: A systematic study of adolescent psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 6, n.º 3 (1994): 519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006088.
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AbstractThis study examined the relationship of psychiatric diagnoses to gender, IQ, and ego development level in an inpatient sample of 269 adolescents. It was found that adolescents with an affective disorder diagnosis, in contrast to those with a diagnosis of conduct or mixed affective-conduct disorder, were more likely to (a) be female, (b) have higher IQ scores, and (c) have higher ego development levels. No significant age differences were found between groups. Comparisons between the single diagnosis and mixed disorder groups indicated that the mixed disorder group is characterized by the most severe symptoms found in each of the pure affective and conduct disordered groups. A relationship between type of DSM-III diagnosis and ego development level in adolescence was demonstrated after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and IQ. These results are offered as an explication of the developmental dimensions inherent in DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses.
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Marcuzzi, Max. "Wie kann ein Bild frei sein? Wirken und Reflektieren in der Konstruktion des moralischen Bildes in der letzten Philosophie Fichtes". Fichte-Studien 48 (2020): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/fichte20204812.
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Fichte’s philosophy is known as a science of freedom since his first Wissenschaftslehre. But since the ego is interpreted as a mere picture in his late moral philosophy, we wonder how the passive image of a truly existing original (the Absolute) can be free. The answer suggested here is that the ego can be understood as a free being, if it is understood as being pure of every Non-I, as pure dynamic being, which cannot be bound to any substantial version of itself, and not even the form of the present.Seit seiner ersten Wissenschaftslehre ist Fichtes Philosophie bekanntlich eine Freiheitslehre. Sofern das Ich in seiner späten Moralphilosophie als einfaches Bild gedeutet wird, stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie das passive Bild eines wirklich existierenden Originals (das Absolute) frei sein kann. Die Antwort, die hier vorgeschlagen wird, ist, dass das Ich als frei verstanden werden kann, wenn es als rein von jedem Nicht-Ich gedacht wird, als dynamisches Wesen, das an keine Bestimmung seiner selbst gebunden sein darf, auch nicht an die Form der Gegenwart.
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Al-Naser, Fahad y Mark M.A. "EVALUATING RESILIENCY PATTERNS USING THE ER89: A CASE STUDY FROM KUWAIT". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, n.º 5 (1 de enero de 2000): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.5.505.
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The component patterns of personality resilience within a population recently exposed to extreme stress and adversity were investigated; specifically, the self-scoring Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89) was used to identify individual qualities of ego resilience in 495 Kuwait University students. Males and females, married and single, took the ER89 five years after Kuwait.s liberation. The question of gender differences and the quality of resilience were addressed. The ER89, a reliable self-scoring inventory of 14 items using a 4-point scale, reflects the pure resilience qualities of respondents. Results show differences between male/female respondents and nuclear/extended family types. The scope of this study did not include the subjects' adaptation to the invasion experience, thus no symptom or exposure measures were included.
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Corbett, Lionel y Leanne Whitney. "Jung and non-duality: some clinical and theoretical implications of the self as totality of the psyche". International Journal of Jungian Studies 8, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2016): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409052.2015.1092460.
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ABSTRACTSome of Jung's writing reveals a non-dual sensibility, especially when he describes the Self as the totality of the psyche, and in his stress on theunus mundusand synchronicity. But overall he tends to favor a dualistic approach to the psyche; he never relinquishes the importance of the ego, he believes that the Self needs the ego to become conscious of itself, and he does not focus on pure consciousness beyond its images. This paper compares Jung's notion of the Self with descriptions of consciousness in various non-dual religious traditions. We suggest that because the Self is the ultimate subject, it can never be an object of consciousness. We suggest some of the implications of non-dual philosophy for psychotherapy.
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Marosan, Bence. "La noción de ego trascendental en "Ideas I" e "Ideas II"". Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, n.º 5 (12 de febrero de 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.5.2015.29816.
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“Pero la cuestión que quiero plantear es la siguiente: ¿no es suficiente con tener este yo psíquico y psicofísico? ¿Necesitamos añadirle un yo trascendental, como una estructura de la conciencia absoluta?” Sartre planteó esta cuestión en su célebre ensayo La trascendencia del ego (2004: p.3). Ella enuncia la concepción básica de la fenomenología no-egológica, la cual no niega la existencia misma del ego o del sujeto, sino más bien lo concibe como un ser constituido y mundano, como trascendente respecto del ámbito de la conciencia. En la presente ponencia me gustaría mostrar por qué la fenomenología no puede prescindir de la noción del ego trascendental. Con tal propósito, consideraré de cerca la noción husserliana del “yo puro” del primer y del segundo libro de Ideas (1913) y, a grandes rasgos, el concepto general que Husserl se hace sobre el yo “fenomenológico” y “yo trascendental”. Tal concepto se puede encontrar en los manuscritos de este periodo, así como en algunos textos más tardíos. Intentaré demostrar que la noción husserliana del ego trascendental propia de este periodo podría articularse como una respuesta satisfactoria o al menos plausible, al desafío no-egológico con el que se ve confrontada la fenomenología egológica de Husserl.“But the question I would like to raise is the following: is this psychical and psycho-physical me not sufficient? Do we need to add to it a transcendental I, as a structure of absolute consciousness?” – Sartre raised this question in his famous essay, The transcen-dence of the ego (2004: 3). This is the basic conception of non-egological phenomenology, which latter does not deny the very existence of ego or subject, but regards it as a constituted, worldly being, something which is transcendent concerning the domain of consciousness. In this lecture I would like to demonstrate the thesis, why phenomenology cannot get along without the concept of a transcendental ego. I will have a closer look on Husserl’s notion of “pure I” in the first and second book of Ideas (1913), and more generally on Husserl’s overall concept of “phenomenological” or “transcendental I” that could be found in the manuscripts of this period and little after. I will try to show that Husserl’s conception of transcendental ego that one could find in this period could be articulated as successful or at least plausible answer to the non-egological challenge of Husserl’s egological phenomenology.
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Günter, Michael. "PURE GOLD OF PSYCHOANALYSIS OR PURE CHEMISTRY? HOW CAN WE HANDLE THE COUNTER‐TRANSFERENCE AND THE PSYCHOANALYST'S SUPER‐EGO CONFLICTS IN COMBINED TREATMENT?1". Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 19, n.º 3 (agosto de 2005): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02668730500238184.
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Казаков, Евгений, Eugeniy Kazakov, Владимир Семёнов y Vladimir Semenov. "E.HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY AS AN EXISTENTIAL TRANSCENDENCE BASIS". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2017, n.º 4 (25 de diciembre de 2017): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2017-4-67-71.
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<p>This article is an attempt to overcome the epistemological interpretation of the practical importance of the «matter of feelings» in favor of the introduction of the existential Absolutes as a phenomenological «matter», constructed by us in a “loaded” natural setting. The authors rely on the basic provisions of phenomenological philosophy, detailed in such Husserl’s works as the “Logical investigations”, “Ideas for a pure phenomenology”, “Phenomenology of the Internal Consciousness of Time.” The authors propose a more expansive interpretation of such concepts as «intention», «operation noesis», «internal consciousness of time.» As a unifying moment of the psyche the authors used Carl Jung’s concept of «Ego», in which they insert the corresponding phenomenological implications. We are in the chains of our own mentality, for it is only through it that we can obey. A poor appearance in the world requires from «Ego» immediate opportunities to live in piled formation natural settings, recreating thus the fundamental original experiences of the subjects. Meanwhile, following the perfect schemes of everyday life, we recreate the existential transparent myth as the focus of opposing Absolutes. Absolutes derive from universal, precluding any differentiation. «Ego», absorbed by «urgent matters», seeks to satisfy nothing but its own needs, devoid at times of choice, despite the fact that the choice, like everything else, is only in our minds.<strong></strong></p>
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Kurniawan, Wahyu. "Source of Crime in Islamic Psychological Perspective". MAWA'IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN 10, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/maw.v10i2.876.
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Crime is a problem that has long occurred, even since the beginning of the fall of the prophet Adam and Eve. So far, the problem of crime is only involved in information that comes from binding laws and regulations. Crimes that have been considered crimes are only limited to individuals who are trapped in the context of mistakes without explaining the origin of the source of the crime committed. About crime also tends to be discussed in the science of criminology. In the field of criminology, W Boger himself is divided into two, namely pure criminology that breeds criminal science in criminal anthropology, criminal sociology, criminal psychology, criminal psychopathology and neuropathology and phenology while applied criminology is criminal hygiene, criminal politics and criminalism. This writing is sharpened at the source of crime in the perspective of Islamic psychology. In Islamic psychology itself, crime is basically not much different from the psychological outlook developed by Freud's psychoanalysts such as explaining between Id, Ego and Super Ego, if in Islamic psychology the source of crime can be found in Nafs explanations such as Vegetable Nafs, Animal Nafs, and Human Insights . This crime has an explicit explanation in the Animal Nafs.
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Lanza, Andrea. "Kinesthetic Unity as Motivated Association". Gestalt Theory 42, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gth-2020-0023.
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SummaryWithin Husserl’s theory of perception, the role attributed to kinesthetic sensations determines a phase of the perceptive constitution that marks the boundary between pure receptivity and a first form of self-determination of consciousness. Kinesthetic experiences are, in fact, characterized not just as acts that are performed but rather that can be performed, albeit according to predetermined paths.This primitive form of ‘instinctive’ spontaneity of the Ego (linked to primal impulses) as realization of pre-established potentialities, characterizes what Husserl defines the ‘ idiopsychic’ dimension of consciousness (Husserl, 1952, p. 135). However, although this level of consciousness unity presupposes a spontaneous activity, it can be investigated according to the ‘causal’ laws of motivation.The phenomenon of motivation was notoriously introduced by Husserl in §56 of Ideen II, as a specific law of spiritual life. However, there are two possible forms of motivation, one in which the Ego is actively involved, and a second one, called “associative motivation.” The latter basically indicates the passive tendency of creating associations between unities of the immanent sphere. In other terms, Husserl acknowledges the existence of “motivated relations” within the immanent sphere of mental acts which do not necessarily call for an active participation of the Ego. In this sense, the relation between motivating factors and motivated elements could be considered a kind of conditioning of the form “because-therefore,” in which the two elements arrange themselves in a succession of experiences. This work aims to show that this very kind of association is the same that pre-determines the unfolding possibility of kinesthetic chains.
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McNeilly, Jodie. "Bodily Schemata and Sartre's I and Me: Reflection and Awareness in Movement". Performance Philosophy 2, n.º 1 (29 de julio de 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2016.2190.
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Philosophers have faced the problem of self or inner awareness since the self, itself, became something to be known and/or understood. Once dancers ‘let go of the mirror’ (Emily Claid 2006) they too began to face the problem and limits to bodily awareness, developing specific reflective practices to obtain access to their inner bodily selves. But for the phenomenologist, reflection requires an active process of perception, which problematises our grasping of the so-called hidden, organising structures of movement that are unable to be perceived (bodily schemata). For the dancer, then, how is it possible to access and have a deeper understanding of these nonconscious bodily structures? What are the limits to inner bodily awareness?In this article, I draw upon Jean-Paul Sartre’s challenge to Edmund Husserl’s pure ego with his notion of object transcendence in his essay of 1937, Transcendence of The Ego: An existentialist theory of consciousness. I do this as a possible means for understanding bodily schemata and its expression through interactive dance technologies. Using examples from dance, I suggest how bodily schemata can be accounted for if our attention is not directed towards an inner sensing of the body, but towards a site of interaction where objects or materials extend or supraextend our bodies in the form of clothing, costume and digital representations, and where the dancer becomes audience to these distally extended bodily reflections.
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Rybák, David. "The issue of the ego in Husserl's Logical Investigations and Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy." E-LOGOS 27, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.473.
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Dragoman, Dragoş. "„Bhagavad-Gītā, and the Universal Wisdom of Hinduism”". Sæculum 49, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe brief episode represented by the Bhagavad-Gītā, entrenched in the great body of the epic Hindu poem Mahābhārata, is revealing for the long lasting intellectual and spiritual effort made by the enlightened Indian philosophers in order to over-pass the ritual and social constraints put in place by the Veda, during the early period of the Hindu tradition. By focusing on the dialogue between a valiant knight and the earthly incarnation of God himself, a perennial wisdom is to be noticed. This is a promise for salvation from fear and death for all who dare to follow their duty, by offering them other ways of attending the Supreme. The self-sacrifice, the renunciation to all ego and the pure love for the Divine represent sacrifices that equal those offered by Hindu priests. By this, every single individual is meant to finally embrace freedom and eternity.
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Yoshida, Osamu Rosan y Hidekazu Iwamoto. "Paradigm Shift". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 7, n.º 4 (octubre de 2016): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2016100102.
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“Wrong views and values” fortify desires, but “right views and values” curb their desires bringing satisfaction and subsistence. Section 2 describes the current crisis of global warming on the earth and the sea, warning its grave danger for humanity. Section 3 suggests measures to prevent environmental destruction, arguing the necessity of a paradigm shift from “Greedy economics” (modern economics) to Chisoku economics (Buddhist economics). Section 4 explains the necessity of religion (reunion with holiness), Buddhism, and Zen, which enable the concrete witness of nirvana (no-wind, of karma, Pure Land) and a wakeful life to actualize this paradigm shift. Section 5 explains how the practice of Zen can facilitate an actual shift of ego, economy, and ecology to the solution of these problems. The authors conclude that it is necessary for us to wake up from wrong “views and values” (due to karma) to realize the wholly wholesome way of all on all levels and realms in cultivation (education, practice) and verification (enjoyment, perfection).
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Natsoulas, Thomas. "The Stream of Consciousness: XXVII. Defending Conscious Experience". Imagination, Cognition and Personality 22, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2002): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tg1h-kkgc-ycfp-l7dq.
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Weiskrantz's recent account of awareness is considered from a perspective that James bequeathed us. In opposition to the Intellectualists, James asks why a pure ego wielding purely conceptualizing acts is needed to give us awareness of relations and universals, inter alia. In opposition to Weiskrantz's Intellectualism, I ask how a commentary system, which has at its disposal only conceptual materials, can swoop down from on high to do the job of creating the experiences we undergo. Weiskrantz prefers the stronger of two positions concerning the relation of awareness to commentary that are consistent with his general view. On the minimal position, he would grant that experiences do takes place without commentary. However, no less so, he would conceive of consciousness as a matter of engaging in higher-order thought. He insists that one's firsthand apprehension of one's stream of experience or its components is carried out by, as it were, a higher agency: namely, a commentary system. Thus, none of our experiences is conscious unless appropriate judgment is passed upon it from outside and on high.
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Bazzocchi, Luciano. "La forma del Tractatus e la falsa percezione di un disegno di Wittgenstein". PARADIGMI, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2012): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2012-003009.
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The tree of the Tractatus, a true cognitive map, puts every argument at its place into the general plan of the work. If we read the book by succeeding stages of analysis, we can realise that the controversial section 5.6, about the ego and limits of lan- guage and world, is the factual outcome of commentary 5.1-5.6 on "truth-function". The way in which "logic fills the world" leads to the suggestion that "solipsism coincides with pure realism" (path 5.61-5.64); the elimination of an empirical "I" results in the abolition of all a priori forms of our experience - and of any a priori, indeed, outside logics (5.631-5.634); nor does the form of the visual field suggest the need of an observing eye (5.6331). In its last part, the article shows the original drawing of 5.6331 diagram and demonstrates how it was badly read and worse edited and reproduced. Because of its central role in usual readings of the whole section, this implies a substantial review of most of the traditional exegeses.
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Borrmann, Ricardo. "Law and psychoanalysis: close intertwining between Hans Kelsen and Sigmund Freud". Revista Justiça do Direito 35, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2021): 6–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rjd.v35i1.12543.
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This paper offers an original analysis of the interconnections between law and psychoanalysis through the personal and academic exchanges between Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). After a brief analysis of the similar cultural background of both scholars as Jews who grew up in fin-de-siècle Vienna, the text focuses on the personal encounters between them and subsequently analyzes Kelsen's reception of Freud's work in “The State-Concept and Social-Psychology” (Der Begriff des Staates und die Sozialpsychologie). Kelsen’s text was originally published in 1922 in Freud’s review, Imago, resulting from a conference he held at the Viennese Psychoanalytical Society. This paper analyzes the relevance of Freud’s theory to the construction of the Pure Theory of Law, especially regarding his concept of the state. Furthermore, it presents a new hypothesis for the subjective reasons behind Kelsen’s attraction to psychoanalysis, and for his admiration of Freud, which it tries to understand through the personal context of Kelsen’s life. Finally, it deals with the possible influence of Kelsen on Freud's work, especially with regards to the term "Super-Ego."
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Pippin, Robert B. "Kant on the Spontaneity of Mind". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, n.º 2 (junio de 1987): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10716447.
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In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant refers often and with no apparent hesitation or sense of ambiguity to the mind (das Gemüt). He does so not only in his justly famous destruction of rationalist proofs of immaterialism, but throughout his own, positive, ‘transcendental’ account in the Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. In the first edition of the Critique, he even proposed what he adventurously called a ‘transcendental psychology’ and, although this strange discipline seemed to disappear in the second edition, he left in that edition all his frequent references to forms ‘lying in the mind,’ and to the mind, or the self, or the subject of experience, or the ego, doing this or that. Curiously, though, despite an extensive secondary literature, there is in that literature relatively little discussion of what these expressions, in a proper, strictly Kantian sense, are supposed to refer to. There are two imaginative, extremely suggestive articles by Sellars, some hints at connections with eighteenth century psychology offered by Weldon, a tenebrous book by Heidemann, and some recent attention to the general issue of ‘Kant's theory of mind’ by Ameriks and Kitcher.
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Van, Nam Dinh, Muhammad Sualeh, Dohyeong Kim y Gon-Woo Kim. "A Hierarchical Control System for Autonomous Driving towards Urban Challenges". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2020): 3543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103543.
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In recent years, the self-driving car technologies have been developed with many successful stories in both academia and industry. The challenge for autonomous vehicles is the requirement of operating accurately and robustly in the urban environment. This paper focuses on how to efficiently solve the hierarchical control system of a self-driving car into practice. This technique is composed of decision making, local path planning and control. An ego vehicle is navigated by global path planning with the aid of a High Definition map. Firstly, we propose the decision making for motion planning by applying a two-stage Finite State Machine to manipulate mission planning and control states. Furthermore, we implement a real-time hybrid A* algorithm with an occupancy grid map to find an efficient route for obstacle avoidance. Secondly, the local path planning is conducted to generate a safe and comfortable trajectory in unstructured scenarios. Herein, we solve an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints to optimize the sum of jerks for a smooth drive. In addition, controllers are designed by using the pure pursuit algorithm and the scheduled feedforward PI controller for lateral and longitudinal direction, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can operate efficiently in the urban scenario.
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Tassone, Biagio Gerard. "Existentialism and Ecstasy: Colin Wilson’s Phenomenological Account of Peak Experiences". PhaenEx 13, n.º 1 (30 de mayo de 2019): 46–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v13i1.4909.
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This paper critically examines the philosophical foundations of Colin Wilson’s New Existentialism. I will show how Wilson’s writings promoted a phenomenological strategy for understanding states of ecstatic affirmation within so-called ‘peak experiences’. Wilson subsequently attempted to use the life affirming insights bestowed by peak states to establish an ontological ground for values to serve as a foundation for his New Existentialism. Because of its psychological focus however, I argue that Wilson’s New Existentialism contains an ambivalent framework for establishing ontological categories, which leads his thought into theoretical difficulties. More precisely, Wilson’s strategy runs into problems in coherently integrating its explicitly psychological interpretation of Husserl’s theory of intentionality within a broader, and philosophically coherent, phenomenological framework. Wilson’s psychological reading of Husserl’s transcendental reduction, for example, manifests tensions in how it reconciles the empirical basis of acts of transcendence with an essentialist conception of the self as a transcendental ego. The above tensions, I argue, ultimately render the New Existentialism susceptible to criticism from a Husserlian-transcendental perspective. After outlining a Husserlian critique of Wilson’s position, I end the paper by suggesting how some of the central insights of the New Existentialism might help to bridge the gap that persists between pure phenomenological description and metaphysics.
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Lamichhane, Yog Raj. "A Rasa Reading of Prayer on a Clear Morning in the Month of Magh". Journal of NELTA Gandaki 3, n.º 1-2 (29 de noviembre de 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jong.v3i1-2.33146.
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The study examines how the persona perpetually searches tranquility in the poem entitled “Prayer on a Clear Morning in the Month of Magh” by Laxmi Prasad Devkota. For the study, I have entered into rasa reading to explore the sovereignty of śānta rasa, which is pervasively dominant in the poem. As the nature of śānta rasa, all emotions merge out of śānta and finally in the end, submerge into it. Primarily, the determinant, consequent, and transitory emotions are identified and further analyzed to illustrate how they conjoin. Through the discussion, it appears that any sensitive readers of the poem could identify themselves to the persona’s emotion as one involves in prayer. It stands as the devotion and celebration of the God and nature in the month of Magh; that represents creation and clarity. It happens there suspending ‘I’, surpassing ego, and searching metamorphosis of the lustrous desires, fabric beauty, and worldly pain for overcoming both life and death enjoying the elixir of the Sun and learning the lesson from the God. As a result, the persona believes in the dying down of the worldly dream to achieve delight and disillusionment eliminating shiny lacy veils entrapping humanity. Thus, the poem searches tranquility as a state of pure peace relishing utmost and absolute aesthetic pleasure, sama. Finally, it expands the scope of the Eastern aesthetics, especially unfolding and widening the area of śānta rasa, which is usually overlooked even in the Eastern literature.
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Wortham, Simon Morgan. "L'Arrêt de mort, Insomnia, Dreaming, Sleep: Derrida, Blanchot, Levinas". Derrida Today 5, n.º 1 (mayo de 2012): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2012.0031.
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In L'Arrêt de mort, as Derrida suggests, an ‘epochal suspension’ manifests itself, compulsively pulsating so as to conjure a certain spectrality beyond all consciousness, perception, or ordinary attentiveness. Re-reading Blanchot's text, I argue that it is on the borderlines of sleep that the ‘arrythmic pulsation’ of the arrêt de mort happens as impossible event – ‘the state of suspension in which it's over – and over again, and you'll never have done with that suspension itself’, to quote Derrida once more. While ‘Living On’ makes little of sleep, however, I take this cue to follow a pathway which leads from Blanchot to Levinas. Blanchot's writing exposes the sleep of reason which occurs in the very promise of perfect day, a promise which mutates in the dream he associates with the ‘other night’, a dream which harbours the irrepressible return of ‘time's absence’, and which opens on to the very ‘outside’ which the world – and the self – lacks or wants (as much as ‘world’ or ‘self’ seek to overcome this ‘outside’ as such). Levinas, meanwhile, wants to think irremissible pure existing (il y a) in terms of insomnia; in contrast, consciousness seeks to assert itself over the unremitting presence of the ‘there is’ through its capacity for unconsciousness or sleep. This essay seeks to attend to the complexities of a certain ‘fatality of being’ that threatens to sweep away the ‘ego’ as consciousness's capacity to sleep is confronted by the radical vigilance of insomnia and the deep anonymity of the night (Existence and Existents).
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Maslov, Alexey A. "Buddhist-Taoist Syncretism in the School of the “Twofold Mystery” and the Meditation of “Purity and Quietness”". Oriental Studies 20, n.º 4 (2021): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-4-91-108.
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The papers are dedicated to the concepts, main ideas, texts, and forms of practice of the syncretic Taoist movement Chongxuan-pai – “Twofold mystery”, which was developed in the 7–10th centuries. This school borrowed a number of logical constructions of Madhyamika Buddhism, including the system of four-level dialectical negation, as well as the idea of absolute “emptying of consciousness” for overcoming attachments both to mundane life and to any mental concepts. In part, these ideas are reflected in the Taoist-Buddhist practice of attaining “purity and quietness, a specific tradition of meditation, with its most important text “Canon of Purity and Quietness” (Qingjing jing) (given in this article in the author’s translation). Despite its traditional structure, thematic allusions with “Dao De Jing” and precepts attributed to Lao-jun, this Canon pays special attention to the technique of “inner contemplation” (nei guan), which also gravitates to the Buddhist practice of vipasyana and is called to eliminate binary opposition (pure-polluted, movement-rest) in the practitioner’s consciousness. The “Canon of purity and Quietness” is still highly revered in central China’s Taoist schools today. The basis of the meditative practice according to this Canon is the gradual ascending from “looking inward”, “looking outward” and “looking away” to “contemplation of emptiness”. The highest stage of “emptying the emptiness” leads to the complete deactualization of the ego and the breaking of all ties with the world. In this way, the exegetical idea of the “Twofold mystery” is realized as a form of Taoist practice influenced by Buddhist ideas.
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Nguyen, Quang Huy. "THE SYMBOL “THE MOON” IN NGUYỄN DU’S THE TALE OF KIỀU". UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 10, Special (15 de septiembre de 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v10ispecial.837.
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The symbol “moon” is the most important cultural and artistic code in Nguyễn Du’s The Tale of Kiều. It exists in various shapes with different characteristics depending on social and psychological circumstances, mainly through the character Thúy Kiều. Through our survey and analysis, the “moon” in Nguyễn Du’s The Tale of Kiều proves to have surpassed an ordinary natural image from the original text by Jin Yun Qiao [pseudonym of Qingxin Cairen (青心才人: Pure Heart Talented Man)]. The symbol is brimming with sentimental states and shades of life. More accurately, it pertains to physical and spiritual experiences in the secular world. First and foremost, we have discovered that through the subject of reflection and experience (Vương Thúy Kiều), the symbol “moon” is capable of expressing the deep layers of the subject’s ego. The specific goal of this article is to demonstrate the psychological and cultural implications of the “moon” by means of depicting its various manifestations in association with Thúy Kiều. However, it is necessary to place this analysis in general interrelations with other images and symbols in the text such as darkness, shades of the day, appearances of oil lamps, water element, the dream world, etc. All these components make up the negative space and the negative universe independent of the rest of the world. And the most important thing in these interrelations is the specific expression of the physical and spiritual states of the character Thúy Kiều. To reach our goals, we first focused on the text of the Tale of Kiều. Then, we referred to the related interdisciplinary theoretical views from Cultural Semiotics, Existential Phenomenology and Matter Psychoanalysis.
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Iwaszuk, Marta. "Between thought and action: symbolization in depressive position and its external expressions". Journal of Education Culture and Society 11, n.º 1 (27 de junio de 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2020.1.189.202.
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Aim. The paper will revisit nature of symbolization in depressive position with respect to its realization in external reality. Base for the analysis will be Hanna Segal paper Delusions and artistic creativity: some reflections on reading “The Spire” by William Golding (Segal, 1974/1988), enriched with findings she presented in her later paper Acting on phantasy and acting on desire (Segal, 1992/2007), context for the analysis will be provided by Kleinian psychoanalytic framework.
Methods. Psychoanalysis core interest is thinking and thought formation. In the paper I will try to move this emphasis on examining pure thinking into exploration of mixture that thought and action create. I will therefore analyse on what tokens mind content can be put into action, and conversely how action is being incorporated into thought. I will perform the study using Hanna Segal interpretation of The Spire by William Golding, which she issued on 1974. I will also reach out to her other papers to broaden the interpretation, including the paper she wrote almost twenty years later on Festschrift for her colleague, philosopher Richard Wollheim (Segal, 1992/2007), that actually proposes the solid linkage between thinking and its expressions in the world. The study will be performed with reference to Kleinian psychoanalytic framework, it will be centred around object relation and anxieties the object arouses (paranoid schizoid and depressive positions), with respect to their impact on thought formation (symbolization, sublimation).
Results and conclusions. Analysis of relationship between symbolisation and action enhances understanding of two main responses to depressive position: sublimation and maniac defences, for it explores the extent to which ego benefits/refuses to benefit from internal and external reality. While the rereading Segal interpretation of The Spire allows to spot how creative act enables capturing most difficult internal and external truths, it also reveals – when put in context of Wollheim’s concept of acting on phantasy and acting on desire- that maniac response is less a form of protection and more a direct attack on receptivity and penetrating exploration for their associations to primary scene.
Cognitive value. Studying depressive symbolization as a vehicle for acting on either phantasy or desire reveals, that employment of behavioural component forces to revisit maniac defences in light of their actual aftermath in external world. Such refined view onto depressive defences further contributes to improved differentiation of symbolization in depressive position, for it puts under scrutiny relation between ego and performed action. It allows to recognize that in addition to symbol proper (formed by anxiety for object) and symbolic equation (defined by anxiety of object), there is also partly malformed form of symbol shaped by maniac defences (and so by absence of anxiety for object), which disfiguration is best examinable in changes to external reality it makes.
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Venebra Muñoz, Marcela. "El mal y las técnicas de envilecimiento: Fenomenología del cuerpo torturado". Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, n.º 16 (8 de febrero de 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.16.2019.29678.
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El objetivo central de este artículo es exponer las herramientas que la fenomenología husserliana aporta a la definición, descripción y análisis del mal moral. Parto de la distinción Ricoeuriana entre mal moral y mal sufrimiento, con la intención de justificar la introducción del instrumental husserliano en ambas esferas. Me interesa analizar esta distinción en un marco de interpretación fenomenológico que nos permita explicar el mal sufrimiento como dolor y el mal moral como violencia y envilecimiento. En un primer momento expongo las limitaciones del análisis hermenéutico en relación con la descripción del dolor como pura pasividad; en un se-gundo momento analizo los desarrollos contemporáneos de la fenomenología del dolor a través de los conceptos centrales de la teoría husserliana de la constitución, concretamente, de la teoría de la corporalidad que aparece en este contexto; en un tercer momento trato de definir el mal moral (el mismo de la distinción ricoeuriana) como violencia, y la violencia como acción articulada a través de un conjunto de técnicas de envilecimiento o deshumanización, caracterizadas por la intención de un otro hostil, de dañar o alienar la identidad del yo mediante la manipulación de los sentimientos sensibles de la víctima, a través de la creación de escenarios y condiciones materiales consideradas infrahumanas.The main goal of this paper is to expose the tools offered by Husserlian phenomenology for the definition, description, and analysis of moral evil. My starting point is the Ricoeurian distinction between moral evil and suffering evil, in order to justify the insertion of the Husserlian analysis in both spheres. My purpose to highlight this distinction within a Husserlian interpretation frame so we can understand the suffering evil as pain, and the moral evil as violence and degradation. First, I expose the limitations of hermeneutical analysis in the assumption of pain as pure passivity. Second, I analyze the contemporary developements of the phenomenology of pain through the central concepts of the Husserlian theory of the constitution, specifically, the theory of corporeality. Third, I try to define moral evil–the same contemplated within the Ricoeurian distinction–as violence, and violence as an articulated action through an array of degradation techniques, or dehumanization, characterized by the hostile intention of the other to damage or alienate the identity of the ego by manipulating the sensible feelings of the victim, through the creation of scenarios and material conditions considered as infrahuman.
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Silversides, F. G. "Laying performance of six pure lines of chickens and four commercial hybrids at the Agassiz Research Centre". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas10016.
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The Agassiz Research Centre keeps six pure lines of high-producing but non-commercial layers. Egg production, body weight, feed consumption and efficiency, and several characteristics of the eggs were measured to 60 wk of age and compared with those of four commercial white- and brown-egg hybrids. Egg production from 20 to 60 wk was highest for the four commercial hybrids, with no difference between them, and was 6 to 11% lower for the pure line white-egg layers, and 7 to 13% lower for the pure line brown-egg layers. The pure line and hybrid white-egg layers had similar body weights, but the pure line brown-egg layers weighed more than the commercial brown-egg hybrid. Feed efficiency was similar for the four hybrids and was generally better for the hybrids than the pure lines, based largely on higher egg production rather than increased feed consumption. The difference between industrial hybrids and the pure lines studied can be attributed to the selection that has been applied as well as to heterosis. Key words: Chicken, genetic resources, Agassiz layer lines
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ADENOWO, J. A., S. S. I. OMEJE y N. I. DIM. "EVALUATION OF PURE AND CROSSBRED PARENT STOCK PULLETS". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 22, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v22i1.2015.
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The relationships between egg weight, body weight and sexual maturity and their inheritance were studied in the F1 of two grandparent strains of laying birds. Each strain had two lines. Data used for analyses comprised body weight at first egg, 30 weeks and 40 weeks of age (BFE, B30 and B40); weight of first egg (WFE), weight of egg at 30 weeks and 40 weeks (W30, W40) and age of birds at first egg (AFE). Phenotypic correlations between AFE and BFE, AFE and WFE and between WFE and BFE were 0.45 and 0.40; 0.96 and 0.11, 0.65 and 0.85 for male and female lines respectively. While AFE generally showed additive inheritance which was sire influenced, BFE and WFE were line dependent. The crossbred groups however, appeared to be at advantage over the purebreds in respect of these three traits.
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Alphandary, Idit. "Radical Hope or the Moral Imperative of Images in the Work of Susan Sontag Jean-Luc Godard". Culture Unbound 1, n.º 2 (21 de diciembre de 2009): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.09128487.
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In the films For Ever Mozart, In Praise of Love and I Salute You Sarajevo, Go-dard’s images introduce radical hope to the world. I will demonstrate that this hope represents an ethical posture in the world; it is identical to goodness. Radical hope is grounded in the victim’s witnessing, internalizing and remembering catastrophe, while at the same time holding onto the belief that a variation of the self will survive the disaster.
In The Gift of Death, Jacques Derrida argues that choosing to belong to the disaster is equivalent to giving the pure gift, or to goodness itself, and that it suggests a new form of responsibility for one’s life, as well as a new form of death. For Derrida, internalizing catastrophe is identical to death—a death that surpasses one’s means of giving. Such death can be reciprocated only by reinstating goodness or the law in the victim’s or the giver’s existence.
The relation of survival to the gift of death—also a gift of life—challenges us to rethink our understanding of the act of witnessing. This relation also adds nuance to our appreciation of the intellectual, emotional and mental affects of the survival of the victim and the testimony and silence of the witness, all of which are important in my analysis of radical hope. On the one hand, the (future) testimony of the witness inhabits the victim or the ravaged self (now), on the other hand, testimony is not contemporaneous with the shattered ego. This means that testimony is anterior to the self or that the self that survives the disaster has yet to come into existence through making testimony material. Testimony thus exists before and beyond disaster merely as an ethical posture—a “putting-oneself-to-death or offering-one’s-death, that is, one’s life, in the ethical dimension of sacrifice,” in the words of Derrida. The witness is identical to the victim whose survival will include an unknown, surprising testimony or an event of witnessing. The testimony discloses the birth or revelation of a new self. And yet this new self survives through assuming the position of the witness even while s/he is purely the victim of catastrophe, being put to death owning the “kiss of death.”
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Sarıca, Musa, Beyhan Yeter, Emrah Oğuzhan, Kadir Erensoy, Sinan Çağlak, İsmail Özkan y Ramazan Yavuz. "Effects of Light Stimulation Age on Body Weight and Egg Production Traits of Broiler Pure-lines in the Laying Period". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, n.º 12 (27 de diciembre de 2020): 2702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2702-2707.3915.
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In this study, the effects of light stimulation at normal (NLS: 154 days) and early (ELS: 140 days) age on some physiological and reproductive traits in dam and sire broiler pure-lines were carried out during the laying period. The study was conducted with A1, A2, A3, A4 dam lines and B1, B2 sire lines up to 43 weeks of age, whose breeding studies were carried out in Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute. Live weight and feed consumption were determined during the growing period. In the laying period, in addition to these, the first laying age, 50% yield age, egg yield, hatching egg yield and egg weight were determined. The data obtained were evaluated according to light stimulation age and pure-lines by two factor analysis of variance. NLS and ELS treatments did not significantly affect the body weights of the pure-lines at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age. However, differences were found significant in terms of body weight at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age in pure-lines. Lines reached the first laying age at 172 days in NLS, and at 165 days of age in ELS. The 50% yield age was realized at 184 d and 176 d of age in parallel with the first laying age. The effects of light stimulation age on egg yield and hatching egg yield were found significant. In NLS treatment all pure-lines, 5 more eggs were produced in egg yield and hatching egg yield. However, differences in egg yield and weight in pure-lines were found significant. The study results showed that the egg production can be increased by first light stimulation at the 20 weeks of age, provided that at least 2 kg live weight is achieved in broiler pure-lines.
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Vinten, Martin, Morten La Cour, Henrik Lund-Andersen y Michael Larsen. "Acute Effect of Pure Oxygen Breathing on Diabetic Macular Edema". European Journal of Ophthalmology 23, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000195.
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Gładkowski, Witold, Anna Chojnacka, Grzegorz Kiełbowicz, Tadeusz Trziszka y Czesław Wawrzeńczyk. "Isolation of Pure Phospholipid Fraction from Egg Yolk". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 89, n.º 1 (17 de julio de 2011): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1893-x.
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Wood, Chris C. y Chris J. Foote. "Genetic Differences in the Early Development and Growth of Sympatric Sockeye Salmon and Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), and their Hybrids". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 1990): 2250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-250.
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Anadromous (sockeye salmon) and nonanadromous (kokanee) Oncorhynchus nerka spawn sympatrically yet appear genetically distinct in a number of rivers in British Columbia. To investigate whether genetic differences are maintained by selection against -hybrid" progeny, we raised pure and reciprocal crosses of Shuswap River sockeye and kokanee under controlled hatchery conditions. Sockeye eggs were larger and survived slightly better than kokanee eggs, regardless of male type, both to the eyed egg stage and as young fry. We observed no differences in survival among cross types during the remainder of the 460 d study. Rate of yolk absorption was similar in pure sockeye and pure kokanee alevins, but significantly faster in alevins sired by sockeye than those sired by kokanee. This indicates a male genetic effect which compensates for the difference in egg size. Hybrid alevins developed differently because egg size is mismatched with the male genotype. Growth rates of fry were significantly more variable within pure kokanee families than within pure sockeye families Hybrid crosses survived as well as pure crosses under the study conditions. However, any progeny resulting from hybrid crosses in nature may sustain higher mortality than those from pure crosses.
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Sarifudin, Achmat, Riyanti Ekafitri, Diki Nanang Surahman y Siti Khudaifanny Dasa Febrianti Asna Putri. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TELUR PADA KANDUNGAN PROKSIMAT, KARAKTERISTIK AKTIVITAS AIR BEBAS (aw) DAN TEKSTURAL SNACK BAR BERBASIS PISANG (Musa paradisiaca)". Jurnal Agritech 35, n.º 01 (4 de mayo de 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9413.
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The use of egg in food formulation affects the characteristic of product. In this research, snack bar was made of banana flour and puree. The effect of egg addition, that were 0% as control, 5%, 9%, 13% and 17% on proximate, water activity (aw) and textural properties of the snack bar was evaluated. Results indicated that egg addition increased water, fat, ash and protein of the snack bar with the percentage range are as follow: water 18.13-30.01 %db, fat 15.08-17.89 %db, ash 3.00-3.11 %db, and protein 3.91-6.95 %db. The aw value of the snack bar increased when the amount of egg was increased, meanwhile the textural properties including the hardness and cohesiveness were decreased. The range of aw, hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness of the treated samples were as follow,: 0.70-0.82; 11.12-14.31 kgf; 0.62-0.85 and 0.27-0.37, respectively.Keywords: Banana flour, banaa puree, snack bar, egg, food texture ABSTRAKPenggunaan telur dalam formulasi makanan akan berpengaruh pada karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan. Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat makanan ringan berbentuk batang (snack bar) diformulasikan dari bahan-bahan baku utama tepung pisang dan pure pisang. Pengaruh penambahan telur (0% sebagai kontrol, 5%, 9%, 13% dan 17%) terhadapkandungan proksimat, nilai air bebas (aw) dan tekstural dari produk snack bar tersebut dievaluasi. Dari hasil percobaan terungkap bahwa penambahan telur mampu meningkatkan kandungan proksimat yaitu air, lemak, abu dan protein dari snack bar tersebut dengan kisaran secara berturut-turut yaitu air 18,13-30,01 %bk, lemak 15,08-17,89 %bk,abu 3,00-3,11 %bk, dan protein 3,91-6,95 %bk. Nilai aw dari snack bar tersebut juga meningkat seiring peningkatan konsentrasi telur yang digunakan, sedangkan karakteristik tekstural produk snack tersebut yang meliputi kekerasan dan elastisitasnya cenderung menurun. Kisaran dari nilai aw, kekerasan, elastisitas, kekenyalan dari sampel snack bar secaraberturut-turut adalah : 0,70-0,82; 11,12-14,31 kgf; 0,62-0,85 dan 0,27-0,37.Kata kunci: Tepung pisang, puree pisang, snack bar, telur, tekstur pangan
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Sabour, Siamak y Fariba Ghassemi. "Development of late enophthalmos in pure blowout fractures: methodologic issues in prediction studies". European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5001048.
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Park, Joonhan, Sung-Gyu Lee, Benedetto Marelli, Myungjae Lee, Taehyung Kim, Hye-Keun Oh, Heonsu Jeon, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto y Sunghwan Kim. "Eco-friendly photolithography using water-developable pure silk fibroin". RSC Adv. 6, n.º 45 (2016): 39330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04516b.
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Bocca, Marivania Cristina y Claudinei Aparecido De Freitas Da Silva. "Sartre e a unidade da consciência: um breve registro de “A transcendência do ego”". Intuitio 12, n.º 2 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 32858. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1983-4012.2019.2.32858.
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Nesse artigo, pretendemos discutir os pressupostos radicados em A Transcendência do Ego premissas a partir das quais Sartre expõe a sua tese corolariamente – fenomenológica – de um ego transcendente. Ao advogá-la, o filósofo se vale de duas críticas recíprocas: a primeira visa refutar a ideia de um ego formal que estaria contido na consciência (posição assumida por Kant e por Husserl). A segunda se contrapõe à existência de um ego material também residente na consciência (posição adotada pela psicologia clássica). Ora, Sartre reconfigura a doutrina husserliana da intencionalidade à medida que inexiste um Eu Puro como resíduo fenomenológico obtido pela epoqué, mas um cogito pré-reflexivo como condição do cogito cartesiano. Toda consciência posicional de objeto é, necessariamente, consciência não-posicional de si. Isso porque a essência mesma da consciência intencional é pura leveza, puro fluxo, movimento para..., para fora e não para dentro. É o movimento mais próprio de uma transcendência do ego.
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Somphong Unyo, Phramaha. "An Analytical Study of Ideally Inherent Operative Transformation of the Original Mental Process in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2021): 4410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1521.
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This research paper entitled “An Analytical Study of Ideally inherent Operative Transformations of the Original Mental Process in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology” has three objectives: 1) to study the mental process of reflection and modification in which that mind is directed towards the intended object including the mental objects regarding Western philosophical thought, Edmund Husserl, 2) to study of the way to operative transformation of original mental process and, 3) to analyze various forms of transformed reproduction and a problem of the reproduction. It is found that the transformation of the original mental process in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is the ideally inherent process of reproduction of mental process in which the mental process passed through the modificative process together with its contents so as to produce a novel knowledge. The transformative process as such is systematically operated with main following aspects: (1) The mode of giveness (the immanent essence of a concrete sensation-content such as a visual sensation-content in the field of visual sensation-Data that is continually adumbrated from the visual physical objects), (2) the temporal mental processes are to be unified as one stream of mental process, (3) the phase or the temporal horizon which is cosmic time in other ways such as horizon of Now, horizon of Before, and horizon of After, and (4) pure ego, the function of which is to direct its regards to the temporal modes of giveness (immanent essences). By its transformative operation, it is effectively proceeded with three steps. The first is a step of a physical perception of the mental process in which the perceived physical things is used as an essential content for all mental process as they are kept in a memory. The second step is succeeded from the first step which is called a retention or a primary memory; the process of a modification using the immanent object kept in a retention as the initial part of the constitution of an identical object. Then, comes the third step which is the step of a recollection or a second memory; it is to recall the remembered or represented for the perception again. After the whole process has fully accomplished, the remembered or represented is afresh reproduced. However, the reproduction of the remembered or the represented can emerge with two possibilities; one is the vague-reproduced information as without repeating while looking at the reproduced flash; other is afresh one as it is repeated resulting in further perception. However, the reproduction of the remembered can be accurate and perfect depending on two conditions; one is the condition of the perception of physical things and the condition of either clarity or obscurity of the whole object that is re-presented with the mode of mental process.
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Silversides, F. G., D. McQ Shaver y Y. Song. "Pure line laying chickens at the Agassiz Research Centre". Animal Genetic Resources Information 40 (abril de 2007): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002224.
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SummarySix lines of laying chickens representing high-producing non-industrial lines chosen or produced with consideration for characters of production are being kept at the Agassiz Research Centre. The collection includes one Barred Plymouth Rock (Line 60), one Columbian Plymouth Rock, one Rhode Island Red (Line 50), and three White Leghorn lines (Blue, Black, and Burgundy). Before coming to the Agassiz Research Centre these pure lines were subjected to mild selection for egg production and their egg production approaches that of commercial hybrids. The lines are currently maintained as a genetic resource as live populations without selection and with populations large enough to minimize inbreeding. In addition, samples of DNA from these lines have been conserved for genetic studies, and samples of embryonic cells are being kept cryogenically to allow the possibility of reconstitution of the lines through the production of germline chimeras. Techniques of ovarian transplantation are being developed which will allow more efficient cryogenic conservation and recuperation of the genetic material into live populations.
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Durmus, Ismail, Huseyin Goger, Sahnur Demirtas y Sermin Yurtogullari. "Production traits and hatching of a Barred Rock 1 pure line, its feather sexable strains and their crosses". Animal Production Science 52, n.º 10 (2012): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11357.
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The study was carried out to identify some production traits of the pure Barred Rock 1 (BR1) line and rapid × slow feathering line crosses derived from the BR1 pure line, in addition to F1 crosses of all these dam lines with Rhode Island Red 1 sire line. The BR1 line previously used a brown layer dam line for barred/non-barred day-old chick auto-sexing and synthetic slow and rapid wing feathering lines. Parent lines showed significant differences in sexual maturity and egg production (P < 0.01) and early embryonic mortality (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in weight at sexual maturity, average egg weight, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of total eggs set, and middle and late embryonic mortalities. A significant difference was found among F1 crosses with respect to weight at sexual maturity (P < 0.05), but no significant difference (P > 0.05) could be determined for age at sexual maturity and egg production. Overall, rapid feathering hens had better production traits than slow feathering hens. The dual crossbred parent lines exhibited almost the same level of egg production traits compared with the pure line.
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Zhuang, Yan, Yuan Xu, Han Wang, Linfeng Wang, Changjun Liu, Weilin Xu y Hongjun Yang. "Preparation of pure egg albumen fiber through coaxial wet-spinning". Materials Letters 253 (octubre de 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.06.035.
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Yeoman, Ian, Marcela Palomino-Schalscha y Una McMahon-Beattie. "Keeping it pure: could New Zealand be an eco paradise?" Journal of Tourism Futures 1, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2015): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2014-0017.
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Purpose The world is changing and key change agents include climate change and scarcity of resources. The purpose of this paper is to address how New Zealand and tourism could address the future and generate appropriate strategic responses. Design/methodology/approach Using the process of scenario analysis and drawing upon recent research from the www.tourism2050.com project, this paper describes the circumstances, drivers, economic consequences and key decisions that New Zealand would have to take in order to position itself as an eco paradise. The background to the scenario presumes overarching behaviours in a cooperative world in which resources are scarce. Findings The scenario portrays a future of collective individualism, where a high degree of personal freedom exists but within the constraints of a world in which there is a scarcity of resources. A communitarian ethos drives policy making with an emphasis on efficient resource use and waste minimisation. New Zealand is a nation favoured by climate change. Environmental intellectual property is one of the nation's key resources and in the spirit of achieving a global environmental equilibrium these technologies are shared with the rest of the world. Life is simple. Competitive individualism is equated with excess and resource waste, while cooperation, harmony, and the continuation of a global cooperative psyche are seen as the foundation stones of the continued, relatively comfortable survival of humanity. Tourism is a luxury and activities are environmentally ethical. Visitors are well‐off, purposeful, highly respectful and careful to prove their worth. Originality/value Eco paradise represents the classic tale of a prisoner's dilemma in which decision makers and consumers ponder the betterment of humankind against individualism. The scenario concludes with a strategic map of the core decisions New Zealand's tourism industry would have to take. The significance of the paper is its portrayal of a possible future to industry leaders, researchers and stakeholders thereby facilitating decision making in order to adapt to this future.
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Eleroğlu, Hasan y Ahmet Nuri Taşdemir. "Effect of Laying Time and Age-Related Change on Egg Characteristics in Brown Layer Pure Lines". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 2498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i11.2498-2506.4110.
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In this study, the Brown Layer Pure Line that housing as individual cage system at the Poultry Research Institute in Ankara was used. Eggs obtained from 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks old eggs were collected 3 times a day in the morning (10:00), noon (12:00) and evening (15:00). On a total of 427 eggs; Shape Index (SI), Egg weight (YA, g), Albumen height (AY, mm), Roche scale (RS), Haugh unit (HB), Egg Quality Classes (YKS), Shell strength (KM, N) and Shell thickness (KK, Micron) features are emphasized and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, Hue, Ch and ΔE) of egg shell were determined. The effect of oviposition time was found significant on the Shape index, Egg weight (g), Haugh unit and Shell thickness (micron) values. However, Albumen height (mm), Egg Quality, Roche scale and Shell strength (N) were not affected by oviposition time. Among the egg shell colour parameters, a*, b*, Hue and Chrome values were affected by the oviposition time, and the calculated difference was found to be statistically significant.
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Zanoni, Andrea, Simone Giacopuzzi, Jacopo Weindelmayer, Alessandro Veltri, Uberto Fumagalli Romario, Paolo Parise, Riccardo Rosati y Giovanni De Manzoni. "PS02.242: SIGNET-RING CELL PERCENTAGE MAY INFLUENCE PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CHEMOTHERAPY IN ESOPHAGO-GASTRIC JUNCTION SIGNET RING CELL CARCINOMA". Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.242.
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Abstract Background Like in gastric cancer, the incidence of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is rising also in esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma Siewert type I and II. SRCC is much more studied in gastric cancer and WHO classification divides poorly cohesive gastric cancer in two subtypes, depending on the percentage of signet-ring cells: real SRCC (percentage of signet-ring cell more than 50%) and poorly cohesive non-SRCC (less than 50%). Real SRCC seems to have higher chemosensitivity and better prognosis than poorly cohesive non-SRCC. Recently, a new classification for SRCC has been proposed, which subdivides SRCC based on different cut-off percentages of signet ring cells (less than or equal to 90% vs more than 90%). Aim of this study was to compare pathological response in patients with EGJ SRCC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Study population comprised 11 patients with Siewert I and II EGJ SRCC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. We analyzed differences in pathological response to therapy between ‘pure’-SRCC (more than 90% of SRC) and ‘non-pure’-SRCC (less than or equal to 90%). Tumor regression grade (TRG) was used to define response to treatment, with TRG 1–2 defining good response to treatment and TRG 3–5 poor or absent response to treatment. Results Among the 11 patients with EGJ SRCC, 6 had ‘pure’-SRCC histology and 5 ‘non-pure’-SRCC. Response to treatment in ‘pure’-SRCC patients was equally splint into good and poor responders: 3 had good response to treatment (TRG 1–2) and 3 poor or absent response (TRG 3–5). On the contrary most of ‘non-pure’-SRCC had poor or absent response: 4 out of 5 patients had TRG 3–5. Conclusion Although the case series was too small to perform statistical analyses, our results suggest that signet-ring cell percentage may influence the outcome of neoadjuvant therapy. Probably a larger case series would allow to better define cut-offs of percentage of signet-ring cell carcinoma of the EGJ. Moreover it would allow to inspect other factors related to response to treatment. This is only a preliminary investigation and further studies are needed to better understand the characteristics of these rising in incidence types of cancer. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Dehghan, Mahshid, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Viswanathan Mohan, Scott Lear, Sumathi Swaminathan, Andreas Wielgosz et al. "Association of egg intake with blood lipids, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 177,000 people in 50 countries". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, n.º 4 (21 de enero de 2020): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz348.
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ABSTRACT Background Eggs are a rich source of essential nutrients, but they are also a source of dietary cholesterol. Therefore, some guidelines recommend limiting egg consumption. However, there is contradictory evidence on the impact of eggs on diseases, largely based on studies conducted in high-income countries. Objectives Our aim was to assess the association of egg consumption with blood lipids, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality in large global studies involving populations from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Methods We studied 146,011 individuals from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Egg consumption was recorded using country-specific validated FFQs. We also studied 31,544 patients with vascular disease in 2 multinational prospective studies: ONTARGET (Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End Point Trial) and TRANSCEND (Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACEI Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease). We calculated HRs using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts to account for clustering by study center separately within each study. Results In the PURE study, we recorded 14,700 composite events (8932 deaths and 8477 CVD events). In the PURE study, after excluding those with history of CVD, higher intake of egg (≥7 egg/wk compared with <1 egg/wk intake) was not significantly associated with blood lipids, composite outcome (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04; P-trend = 0.74), total mortality (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.15; P-trend = 0.38), or major CVD (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.01; P-trend = 0.20). Similar results were observed in ONTARGET/TRANSCEND studies for composite outcome (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.25; P-trend = 0.09), total mortality (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.24; P-trend = 0.55), and major CVD (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.29; P-trend = 0.12). Conclusions In 3 large international prospective studies including ∼177,000 individuals, 12,701 deaths, and 13,658 CVD events from 50 countries in 6 continents, we did not find significant associations between egg intake and blood lipids, mortality, or major CVD events. The ONTARGET and TRANSCEND trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00153101. The PURE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03225586.
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Kim, Sue Min, Yeon Seong Jeong, Jae Lee, Myong Chul Park y Dong Ha Park. "Prediction of the Development of Late Enophthalmos in Pure Blowout Fractures: Delayed Orbital Tissue Atrophy Plays a Major Role". European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, n.º 1 (13 de mayo de 2016): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000801.
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Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the risk factors for the development of late enophthalmos in pure blowout fractures. Methods We reviewed 49 cases of pure blowout fractures diagnosed in Ajou University Hospital, South Korea, from January 2005 to June 2015. We assumed that several factors influence the development of late enophthalmos, including bony defect size, volume of displaced soft tissue, number of fracture sites, involvement of floor, soft tissue incarceration through the bony defect, and patient age. Results Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with late enophthalmos (group 1) while 28 patients were not (group 2). Soft tissue incarceration, presumably causing the soft tissue injury, was the only factor that increased the risk for late enophthalmos in this study (p = 0.04, odds ratio 4.5). In contrast with previous studies, there were no meaningful correlation between bony defect size or volume of displaced soft tissue and development of late enophthalmos. Number of fracture sites, involvement of floor, and patient age did not increase the risk for late enophthalmos. Conclusions We suggest that the delayed orbital tissue atrophy due to soft tissue injury plays a more important role than other hypotheses in the development of late enophthalmos. It is necessary to overcorrect to some extent if there is soft tissue incarceration through the bony defect in the initial computed tomography, and clinicians should warn patients about the development of late enophthalmos despite orbital reconstructive surgery.
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Tang, Yakun, Xu Wu, Yunming Chen, Jie Wen, Yuli Xie y Senbao Lu. "Water use strategies for two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations of the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau". Ecohydrology 11, n.º 4 (28 de febrero de 2018): e1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1943.
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Langer, Miroslav y Alice Kelemenová. "ON POSITIONED ECO-GRAMMAR SYSTEMS AND PURE GRAMMARS OF TYPE 0". Neural Network World 23, n.º 2 (2013): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/nnw.2013.23.006.
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