Tesis:

1

Prass, Claudiane. "O mito de Electra e intertextualidades em O Sonho de Electra, de Bidisha Bandyopadhyay". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2438.

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The study presented here focus in reflections and analyses involving the tragedies Electra, by Sophocles; The Libation Bearers, by Aeschylus and Electra, by Euripides, and, based on intertextuality studies this study sought to identify how is Electra s myth is present in the narrative Seahorses, written by the English author of Indian ancestry Bidisha Bandyopadhyayl, published in 1997 in London and translated in Brazil in 1998. The novel Seahorses, still unstudied in Brazil, had a huge impact in the literary milieu, been particularly well received with European press, the author by that time being very young, 17 years old, considered as a prodigy. The myth of Electra contributes on this study due to its importance in recent times, being a study reference for Humanities, besides Literature. This study comprehends a bibliographical research pertaining to the Comparative Literature field, based on the reading of many scholars from diverse areas: literature, anthropology, and even psychiatry. In the perspective of obtaining the aim of the study, we sustained the research in the theoretical assumption recurrent in the study of mythology, studies on the imaginary and intertextuality and for that purposed we relayed on some authors, such as Gilbert Durand, Gaston Bachelard e Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, who shall provide support to the issue of the imaginary. The intertextual discussion among the texts shall be orientated by the study Tiphaine Samoyault and Laurent Jenny. Among other scholars, from mythology studies, literary criticism and even from anthropology and psychiatry, yet it is possible to highlight the scholar Linda Hutcheon in order to contextualize the post-modern novel, Carlinda Pate Nuñez who thoroughly analyzed the three Greek tragedies, as well as Mircea Eliade and E. M. Milietinski. As a result of this investigation process, we understand that the textual upturns, recurring to the literary memory, the text circulates in movements, between what is already given and the new, to the renewed interlacing of the words with other senses and meanings where literature constitutes itself. Henceforth, the myth of Electra is reconsidered, questioned, reviewed, and bringing in itself several other subtleties, issues directly or indirectly related to the myth, in as much the discussion on womanhood and incest.
A pesquisa aqui delineada focalizou-se em reflexões e em análise envolvendo as obras Electra, de Sófocles; Coéforas, de Ésquilo; e Electra, de Eurípedes. Com base em estudos sobre intertextualidade, objetivou-se identificar como o mito de Electra encontra-se presente na narrativa O Sonho de Electra escrito pela autora inglesa, filha de indianos Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, publicada em 1997 em Londres e traduzida no Brasil em 1998. Na perspectiva de alcançar o objetivo proposto, sustentamos a pesquisa nos pressupostos teóricos recorrentes ao estudo da mitologia, do imaginário e da intertextualidade. E, para isso, buscamos alguns autores como Gilbert Durand (1983; 1993;1996; 2002), Gaston Bachelard (1993; 2001) e Jean-Jacques Wunenburger (2007) que darão suporte à questão do imaginário. A discussão intertextual entre os textos será norteada pelos estudos realizados por Tiphaine Samoyault (2008) e Laurent Jenny (1979). Entre vários outros estudiosos, seja da mitologia ou crítica literária e até mesmo da antropologia e da psiquiatria, ainda é possível destacar Linda Hutcheon (1991) para contextualizar o romance pós-moderno, Carlinda Pate Nuñez (2000) que analisara minuciosamente as três obras da tragédia grega, além de Mircea Eliade (1984; 1993; 2002) e E. M. Milietinski (1987). Como resultado desse processo de investigação entendemos que entre as retomadas intertextuais, ao recorrer-se a memória literária, o texto circula em movimento, entre o que está dado ao novo, ao novo entrelaçamento das palavras, com outros sentidos e significados, a literatura vai constituindo-se. E, assim, o mito de Electra vai sendo repensado, revisto, questionado, trazendo consigo várias outras nuances, questões diretamente ou indiretamente relacionadas ao mito, como a discussão da condição feminina e do incesto. Sobretudo, no romance existe algo que vai além da intertextualidade, algo mais complexo, pois, ocorre uma subversão da dinâmica clássica do mito, uma contestação deste, assim, como há também críticas às produções artísticas atuais, tanto no cinema, quanto na música, além da própria literatura.

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2

Natanblut, Erez. "Mythmaking in the Electra plays". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ28242.pdf.

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3

van, Emde Boas Evert H. "Linguistic studies in Euripides' Electra". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dbecc2f8-f980-4a33-9fdc-20d8c1329dc5.

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Euripides’ Electra has long been one of the playwright’s most controversial works. This book offers a reading of the play concentrating on its language, which is analysed by applying a variety of modern linguistic approaches: conversation analysis, pragmatic theories of speech acts and inference, politeness theory, the study of the interplay of gender and language, paroemiology, and the study of discourse cohesion. The first three chapters argue for the Peasant, Electra and Orestes, respectively, that their linguistic behaviour constitutes a vital part of their characterisation. The Peasant’s (ch. 1) sturdy morality is established by the way his language becomes more forceful when he touches on ethical questions; it is then tested in his conversations with Electra, where his language is suggestive of a conflict between his morals and his desire to please his royal wife. Electra herself (ch. 2) is characterised initially by the inability to communicate successfully with those around her — a disconnect which is suggestive of the fundamental incongruity of her circumstances. This adds a dimension to her motivations, which, as a force driving Electra’s linguistic behaviour, remain highly stable throughout the play up until the matricide. Another consistent feature of Electra’s language is the way it is patterned by her gender. Orestes’ characterisation in the early part of the play is ingeniously kept to a minimum through his sustained disguise. Various aspects of his language, but particularly his use of gnomai, contribute to that disguise, which involves a suppression of emotion, an avoidance of self-reference, and the exertion of control over the flow and topic of his conversation with Electra. We can only interpret a dramatic text if we know what it says, and if we know who says what. In chapter 4, I argue that the linguistic approaches I adopt can also help us in making a determination about textual-critical problems, particularly concerning the issue of speaker-line attribution (two notorious cases are discussed: 671-84 and 959-87). The final two chapters deal with longer speeches. In the messenger scene (ch. 5), Euripides uses linguistic devices to create an ebb and flow of suspense, and to manipulate audience expectation. In the agon (ch. 6), differences in the way Clytemnestra and Electra structure their speeches, particularly their narrationes, reveal much about their different (and fundamentally irreconcilable) viewpoints and approaches.

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4

Sacconi, Karen Amaral. "Electra de Eurípides: estudo e tradução". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-30102012-115821/.

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O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a tragédia Electra de Eurípides no que concerne à atualização que o poeta faz do episódio em sua versão dramática do mito de Orestes. Para tal, divide-se em duas partes, sendo que a primeira compreende o estudo propriamente dito e a segunda traz uma tradução integral do poema dramático seguindo os moldes de uma tradução acadêmica para fins de estudo. O estudo apresenta três capítulos que abordam a questão da atualização sob diferentes perspectivas. O primeiro trata da história do mito desde Homero até sua chegada à poesia dramática e apresenta um estudo comparativo das três versões trágicas que têm o mito por matéria, a saber, a Oresteia de Ésquilo e as Electras de Sófocles e Eurípides. A partir do segundo capítulo, o foco é dado à Electra euripidiana. Parte-se, então, de uma análise pontual de algumas das personagens e do coro com vistas a um estudo dirigido às inovações do enredo. A encenação da tragédia é, por fim, matéria de estudo do terceiro capítulo, ainda sob o ponto de vista da atualização. De uma forma geral, o estudo tem por objetivo uma reflexão sobre os modelos visados por Eurípides, sobre as adaptações que esses sofreram e, finalmente, sobre a recusa de alguns paradigmas.
This thesis focuses on the tragedy Electra by Euripides taking a more specific look at the way the poet updates this episode in his dramatic version of the myth of Orestes. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first contains the study itself and the second offers an integral translation of the dramatic poem according to the standards of academic translations intended for study. The study encompasses three chapters that address the issue of updating from different perspectives. The first concerns the story of the myth from Homer to its appearance in dramatic poetry and presents a comparative study of the three tragic versions of the myth, namely Aeschylus Oresteia and the Electras of Sophocles and Euripides. From the second chapter on, the focus is on Euripides Electra. This chapter resorts to a detailed analysis of some of the characters and the chorus in order to study the innovations in the plot. Finally, the third chapter discusses the staging of the tragedy, once again from the point of view of the updating. Overall, the study intends to reflect on the models used by Euripides, as well as the adaptations that these models have gone through and, finally, the refusal of some paradigms.

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5

Huffam, Ian. "Translating Aristotelian Lexis in Euripides's Electra". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38458.

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In Poetics, Aristotle defines lexis as being the “language” of tragedy, and this language is one of the elements of tragedy that creates the mimetic representation. As Aristotle literally describes of the words of tragic composition as “doing” something, I consider lexis as an equivalent to J.L. Austin’s locutionary function of language, and the creation of the mimetic representation as the illocutionary. Aristotle’s conception of tragic composition requires a rigid understanding of the tragic form and its proper deployment as he leaves no room for perlocution, and so I also employ Jan Mukařovský’s theory of intentionality/unintentionality in art to explain how a play such as Euripides’s Electra may be understood as a product of the literary culture in which it arose. I then review historical trends of translating Greek tragedy into English to establish how modern translation is moving further away from reverence to the lexis of tragedy. Finally I address the various sections of Electra, a play with an almost non-existent performance record in English, to establish how I may respect the original lexis in my own translation, thereby imparting a (hopefully) similar effect on a modern audience.

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6

Sousa, Alexandre de Albuquerque. "Electra sob as luzes da ribalta: ação e ethos trágico em Mourning Becomes Electra, de Eugene O'Neill". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6272.

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This work aims at analyzing the dramatic action and the characters tragic ethos in the trilogy Mourning Becomes Electra, focusing on the protagonist Lavinia Mannon. Our research corpus, which was written by Eugene O Neill and first performed in 1931, is a recreation of Aeschylus trilogy, the Oresteia, which presents a reading of the myth of the House of Atreus, whose line is cursed by acts of hate and vengeance. This study starts by taking into account the myth concept and its relations to Greek tragedy, as long as Freudian psychoanalysis, in the Modern times. The investigation about the concepts of action and ethos is based on Aristotle s Poetics (2005), Hegel s Aesthetics (2004), along with the studies of Raymond Williams (2002) and Sandra Luna (2005, 2008, 2012), as theoretical support. By creating a psychological drama, O Neill goes deeply into the character s psyche, presenting themselves struggling with impulses and passions repressed by their Puritan morality. Lavinia, the modern Electra, faces a personal drama, since she has a sickly love desire for her father, Ezra, is jealous of her mother, Christine, and represses her desire for Adam Brant, Christine s lover. Lavinia accuses her adulteress mother of having murdered Ezra, and seeks vengeance with the help of her brother, Orin, culminating with Christine s suicide. Orin, taken by guilt and remorse for having contributed to his mother s death, also succumbs to suicide. In order to maintain the Mannons secrets, Lavinia, as the last member of the family, seeks punishment for herself, condemned to endure a tormented existence, haunted by her antecessor s ghosts and recluse at her own house.
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a ação dramática e o ethos trágico dos personagens na trilogia Mourning Becomes Electra, tendo como foco a protagonista Lavínia Mannon. Escrita pelo dramaturgo norte-americano Eugene O Neill e encenada, pela primeira vez, em 1931, a trilogia escolhida como corpus desta pesquisa constitui-se uma releitura da Oréstia, de Ésquilo, cujo enredo apresenta uma apropriação do mito dos Atridas, família cuja história é marcada por crimes de ódio e vingança. O estudo parte das considerações sobre o conceito de mito e sua relação com a tragédia grega e com a teoria psicanalítica de Freud, na modernidade. A investigação sobre os conceitos de ação e ethos dos personagens tem como suporte teórico a Poética de Aristóteles (2005), a Estética de Hegel (2004), as contribuições de Raymond Williams (2002) e de Sandra Luna (2005, 2008, 2012). Ao elaborar um drama psicológico moderno, O Neill investe na psiqué dos personagens, que se apresentam em luta contra pulsões e desejos, reprimidos em nome da moral puritana. Lavínia, a Electra moderna, enfrenta um drama pessoal, pois nutre um amor doentio pelo pai, Ezra, tem ciúmes da mãe, Christine, e reprime seu desejo pelo amante desta, Adam Brant. Ao saber da morte de Ezra, Lavínia acusa a mãe adúltera de ser a autora do crime e promete vingança com a ajuda de seu irmão Orin, resultando no suicídio de Christine. Orin, tomado pela culpa e remorso por ter contribuído com a morte da mãe, também sucumbe ao suicídio. A fim de resguardar os segredos de sua família, Lavínia, como a última Mannon, busca sua autopunição, condenada a uma existência atormentada, assombrada pelos fantasmas de seus antepassados e enclausurada em sua própria casa.

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7

Scott, Jill. "Electra after Freud, death, hysteria and mourning". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ53895.pdf.

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Kihlström, Camilla y Lovisa Karlsson. "Impact of Americium in the ELECTRA Fuel". Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129327.

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Nuclear waste is a highly debated issue of nuclear power. The long-term storage is not considered to be sustainable, thus other possibilities are sought after. One such possibility could be to recycle the nuclear waste in nuclear reactors, such as fast breeder reactors. The possibility to recycle americium, which is a nuclear waste, is the reason of this study. This report studies how the amount of americium in the fuel of the reactor ELECTRA affects the temperature coefficient. It was also examined how the size of the reactor affects the reactivity factor, k eff. The purpose was to see how much americium that could be added to the fuel before the temperature coefficient becomes positive, and the reactor becomes unstable. The results first obtained in the study were not as expected. The expected result was that with an increased amount of americium the temperature coefficient would also increase. Instead the value of the temperature coefficient remained at an almost constant level. This is assumed to be because the reactor is designed to have a high amount of neutron leakage, which dominates the impact on the temperature coefficient. To decrease the impact of the neutron leakage and to maintain criticality, the height of the reactor core was increased. This lead to the expected results of an increased temperature coefficient with an increased amount of americium in the fuel. The study also shows that more fuel is needed to maintain criticality when more americium is added.

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9

Finglass, Patrick. "A commentary on Sophocles' Electra, lines 251-870". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401449.

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10

Tomàs, Albina Alba. "Electra: mite i recreació en el teatre català contemporani". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402440.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral tracta de les recreacions del mite d’Electra en el teatre català contemporani en relació amb les versions clàssiques, tot tenint en compte, també, determinades reescriptures contemporànies d’altres cultures que es poden considerar de referència. Tot i que ens centrarem en les recreacions originals del mite en llengua catalana dutes a terme al llarg del segle XX i principis del XXI, no obviarem el paper indispensable que han tingut les traduccions i les adaptacions dels textos clàssics en la introducció del tema d’Electra en el sistema literari català. Al llarg d’aquest estudi es farà evident la relació de retroalimentació que mantenen entre si els diversos textos analitzats, el paper de les tragèdies clàssiques com a hipotextos principals de les recreacions catalanes, i el fet que la recreació d’aquest mite implica, sovint, un intent d’actualització del gènere tràgic.
This PhD research studies several recreations of Electra’s myth in Catalan contemporary theatre, and relates them to the classical versions. It also takes into account certain contemporary re-writings of the myth made within other cultures, which could be considered a model. Although special focus will be put on original recreations of the myth written in Catalan during the 20th and 21st centuries, we will also consider the essential role played by translations and adaptations from classical texts when introducing Electra’s topic into Catalan literary system. This research will show the mutual influence among the different texts analyzed in the thesis, as well as the role played by classical tragedies as main hypotexts for Catalan recreations and the fact that recreations of the myth often imply an attempt to update tragedy as a genre.

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11

Felihkatubbe, Jason Myles. "Structure and deconstruction in the Electra myth and beyond". Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6815.

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This research examines the ideas of myth and intertextuality. The Electra myth is utilized and various versions of the Electra myth are examined from different cultures through the world starting with the earliest known version of the Electra myth up to the 20th century before focusing on Jean-Paul Sartre's telling of the Electra myth, The Flies. A structural analysis according to Levi-Strauss is conducted on The Flies. A deconstruction according to Derrida is then performed not simply on the ideas presented by Sartre in The Flies, but on the entire idea of myth, itself. This deconstruction then leads to the idea that myth is nothing more than a metaphor, providing further evidence to Levi-Strauss' idea that all problems are linguistic ones. When viewed as existing within Derrida's idea of espacement one finds that myth isn't simply a metaphor, or the "beginning," but there exists a co-constitution of both myth and logos.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Program of Liberal Studies

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12

Leites, Junior Pedro. "O mito de electra: labor estético, retorno e diferença". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2413.

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This study has the objective of developing a comparative and interpretative research, from a group of dramaturgic works produced in different historical contexts which dialogue with the Greek myth of Electra. We have interest in observing and interpreting how, in the mimetic process, the mimemes perform the transposition of the myth; develop a study considering if there was or if there is a differential effect in the process of transposition that encompasses a content, a configuration of the myth; verify in what extent content and aesthetical form are maintained and which works present a rupture to the literary series around the myth of Electra. In this perspective, we intend to reflect about the way playwrights have aesthetically appropriated works from the past to perform the questioning of their historical temporality. In this sense, our study starts from the narrative of oral tradition to proceed with readings of the classics: Oresteia (458 b.C.), by Aeschylus, Electra (between 420 b.C. and 413 b.C.), by Sophocles, and Electra (413 b.C.), by Euripides. The ancient Greek tragedies are here placed in dialogue with two modern dramaturgical works: Electra (1901), by the Spanish writer Benito Pérez Galdós, and Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), by the North American playwright Eugene O'Neill. From the notion of intertextuality and following assumptions of Comparative Literature, the mimetic processes are dealt with in conjunction to reflections on the tragic, the myth, the literary canon, the relation between work and society, among other theoretical contributions brought into dialogue
Este trabalho desenvolve um estudo, de caráter comparativo e interpretativo, a partir de um conjunto de obras dramatúrgicas, produzidas em diferentes contextos históricos, que dialogam com o mito grego de Electra. Interessa aqui observar e interpretar como, no processo mimético, os mímemas realizam a transposição do mito; desenvolver um trabalho de pensar se houve ou há um efeito diferencial no processo da transposição que capta um conteúdo, uma forma do mito; verificar em que medida conteúdo e forma estética se mantêm e quais obras apresentam a ruptura com a série literária em torno do mito de Electra. Nesta perspectiva, pretende-se refletir sobre o modo como dramaturgos se apropriaram esteticamente de obras do passado para realizar problematizações referentes à sua temporalidade histórica. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa parte da narrativa de tradição oral para prosseguir com leituras dos clássicos: Oréstia (458 a.C.), de Ésquilo, Electra (entre 420 a.C. e 413 a.C.), de Sófocles, e Electra (413. a.C.), de Eurípides. As tragédias gregas antigas são, aqui, colocadas em diálogo com duas obras dramatúrgicas modernas: Electra (1901), do autor espanhol Benito Pérez Galdós, e Electra Enlutada (1931), do dramaturgo norte-americano Eugene O Neill. A partir da noção de intertextualidade e seguindo pressupostos da Literatura Comparada, os processos miméticos são tratados em articulação a reflexões sobre o trágico, o mito, o cânone literário, a relação entre obra e sociedade, entre outros aportes teóricos postos em diálogo

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13

Carneiro, Ana Maria de Melo. "The american electra: O'neill's modern version of the myth". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9D9EZC.

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This study aims at analysing the elements by means of which Eugene O'Neill, in his trilogy Mourning Becomes Electra, departs from the classical versions of the Electra myth and presents a modern, original elaboration of that Stoff. Freud's theory of instincts and of the Oedipus complex, as well as specific ideological aspects of American culture, are also discussed, since they influence characterization and function as the base for the action. It is demonstrated how the play is structured on the principle of polarity, which underlies setting, imagery, and characters' portrayal. The role of psychological fate in the trilogy is examined, as it limits the individual freedom of the characters and leads to their alienation and self-destruction. Finally, taking as support Hegel's and Max Scheler's views on the tragic, the question of genre definition is focused on. It is concluded that O'Neill's characters are not tragic heroes, but rather embody traits of contemporary self-doubt, rebellion, and fragmentation. The dark view of life projected in the play is discussed, since the outcome reveals that on an individual or historical level, there is no solution for human conflict.
.

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14

Bergman, Linnea y Dafina Ukiqi. "Förändringsarbete i kvalitetsledningssystem - En fallstudie vid Electra Sweden AB, Kalmar". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14962.

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Ghasemi, Milad. "Residual Heat and Corrosion Processes in the ELECTRA-Reactor Concept". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146198.

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ELECTRA is a Swedish training reactor concept that will use fourth generation nuclear reactor technology, and is cooled by natural circulation of liquid lead. During a fuel inspection the reactor vessel has to be emptied on metal coolant and the power must be shutoff, this can lead to a meltdown. By calculating the produced residual heat in the fuel pins during the power shutdown and coolant drainage, the cladding temperature could be calculated. The potential usage of argon, helium or nitrogen gas as an emergency coolant during loss of lead was investigated. The gas coolant will unavoidably contain small amounts of water vapour which can have a negative impact on the core. This matter was examined with a literature study on the effect of water vapour on the cladding surface; FeCrAl, an iron- base alloy with high aluminium and chromium content. The burnup simulation code Serpent was used for calculating the residual heat. The results indicated that just after five days of shutdown the residual heat decreased to 31 W/pin and continued to progressively decrease in the coming days. It was evaluated that the residual heat developed in the core would not exceed 600°C. Calculations on the emergency gas coolant showed that nitrogen gas offered the best solution on terms of thermal decrease and cost-effectiveness. While helium cooling was the recommended option due to its inertness. The literature study done on the oxidizing effect of water vapour on FeCrAl, shows little impact due to the high oxidation resistance of this alloy as a result of the high aluminium and chromium percentage.

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16

Hammodi, Hassan. "Residual Heat and Corrosion Processes in the ELECTRA-Reactor Concept". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146199.

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ELECTRA is a Swedish training reactor concept that will use fourth generation nuclear reactor technology, and is cooled by natural circulation of liquid lead. During a fuel inspection the reactor vessel has to be emptied on metal coolant and the power must be shutoff, this can lead to a meltdown. By calculating the produced residual heat in the fuel pins during the power shutdown and coolant drainage, the cladding temperature could be calculated. The potential usage of argon, helium or nitrogen gas as an emergency coolant during loss of lead was investigated. The gas coolant will unavoidably contain small amounts of water vapour which can have a negative impact on the core. This matter was examined with a literature study on the effect of water vapour on the cladding surface; FeCrAl, an iron- base alloy with high aluminium and chromium content. The burnup simulation code Serpent was used for calculating the residual heat. The results indicated that just after five days of shutdown the residual heat decreased to 31 W/pin and continued to progressively decrease in the coming days. It was evaluated that the residual heat developed in the core would not exceed 600°C. Calculations on the emergency gas coolant showed that nitrogen gas offered the best solution on terms of thermal decrease and cost-effectiveness. While helium cooling was the recommended option due to its inertness. The literature study done on the oxidizing effect of water vapour on FeCrAl, shows little impact due to the high oxidation resistance of this alloy as a result of the high aluminium and chromium percentage.

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17

Moosavi, Sigaroodi Homan. "Residual Heat and Corrosion Processes in the ELECTRA-Reactor Concept". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146200.

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ELECTRA is a Swedish training reactor concept that will use fourth generation nuclear reactor technology, and is cooled by natural circulation of liquid lead. During a fuel inspection the reactor vessel has to be emptied on metal coolant and the power must be shutoff, this can lead to a meltdown. By calculating the produced residual heat in the fuel pins during the power shutdown and coolant drainage, the cladding temperature could be calculated. The potential usage of argon, helium or nitrogen gas as an emergency coolant during loss of lead was investigated. The gas coolant will unavoidably contain small amounts of water vapour which can have a negative impact on the core. This matter was examined with a literature study on the effect of water vapour on the cladding surface; FeCrAl, an iron- base alloy with high aluminium and chromium content. The burnup simulation code Serpent was used for calculating the residual heat. The results indicated that just after five days of shutdown the residual heat decreased to 31 W/pin and continued to progressively decrease in the coming days. It was evaluated that the residual heat developed in the core would not exceed 600°C. Calculations on the emergency gas coolant showed that nitrogen gas offered the best solution on terms of thermal decrease and cost-effectiveness. While helium cooling was the recommended option due to its inertness. The literature study done on the oxidizing effect of water vapour on FeCrAl, shows little impact due to the high oxidation resistance of this alloy as a result of the high aluminium and chromium percentage.

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18

Antoniou, Michaela. "Acting tragedy in twentieth-century Greece: the case of Electra by Sophocles". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/6383/.

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This thesis discusses the acting techniques employed by actors for tragedy of the Greek stage during the twentieth century. It argues that there were two main acting schools - 'school' here meaning an established unified style of acting shared by a group of actors and directors. The first, starting with the 1936 production of Electra by Sophocles directed by Dimitris Rontiris's at the National Theatre of Greece and running through roughly to the late 1970s, developed from a vocal/rhetorical/text-based approach. The second, established by Karolos Koun's Art Theatre in 1942 and which can be said to have ended with his death in 1987, was based on a bodily/physical one. The thesis examines the ways in which these two schools combined and influenced acting, creating new tendencies in the last three decades of the twentieth century. The focus here is on tragedy because this genre is presented on the Greek stage regularly, and, therefore, it is an eloquent example of the evolution of acting in Greece. Sophocles's Electra has been chosen as a case study not only because the play was frequently staged throughout the twentieth century, but primarily because it was acted and directed by important actors and directors who occupied quite different positions within the Greek theatre field. Thus it is a play that provides the most potent example of the development of the acting schools in question. This thesis is an empirical study using Greek actors and directors as its primary source. In giving them a strong voice, it follows their creative process and their perception of their roles and productions. At the same time, it provides a historical context for understanding the conditions of Greek theatre life and their impact on Greek actors and their work.

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19

Fernández, Morbila. "En el Vórtice cel Huracán. Reescrituras Oblicuas del Caribe Hispano en los Discursos Literarios de Virgilio Piñera y Aída Cartagena Portalatín". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195780.

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An oblique reading of the European canon constitutes the discursive center for present day Caribbean literature. In doing this, authors question Eurocentric representational codes of Caribbean identity while they create their own discourses in "a certain way", that is, from a certain perspective and by means of hybrid appropriation and synchretization of the very models that feed their imagination. As this analysis purports to show, writers Virgilio Piñera (Cuba) and Aída Cartagena Portalatín (Dominican Republic), by their rereading of the canon, establish in their works hybrid dialogs between the European There and the Caribbean Here. In that line, among the canonical cultural signifiers that the authors adopt, they privilege the appropriation of Greek myths. Piñera does this in his theater piece Electra Garrigó, and Cartagena in her novel Escalera para Electra. In Piñera's work, the main devices utilized are humor, irony, and parody of the text by Euripides, obtained by the used of "choteo", a particular brand of Cuban parodic humor in the manner of Bakhtin's carnavalization. This technique is employed along with the use of heteroglossia, which is utilized by Cartagena as well in her novel. In her work, the Dominican author constructs a parallel and intertextual reading of the same play by the Greek dramatist from the positionality of a female subject. Although with different strategies and in different literary genres, Piñera and Cartagena structure their literary discourses with themes that reflect their cultural identities from the synchretism of difference and from the perspective of a Caribbean subject. This dissertation confirms the efficacy of the discursive strategies they utilize on taking the female subject and the family as the axis of their contesting, unofficial readings of the history and cultural identity of the Caribbean.

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20

Sakellari, Alexandra. "The scenic presentation of the Electra-myth in Greek, German and American drama". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/844c957b-a33e-4e4a-a6ba-a3b3bd83174d.

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White, Helen Judith. "Relationships between the nudibranch Adalaria proxima and its prey, the bryozoan Electra pilosa". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14642.

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The cosmopolitan distribution of the anascan bryozoan Electra pilosa manifests itself in the phenotypic plasticity of growth morphology expressed. Longterm field observations of the bryozoan on the essentially ephemeral substrata of the marine macroalgae, Fucus serratiis and Laminaria digitata, at two contrasting sites in Scotland, confirm this. Despite its potential for exponential indeterminate growth, Electra pilosa rarely realises this in the field. Observations show that any pattern of growth is complicated and distorted by the influences of physical (colony abrasion and the dynamics of the substratum) and biotic disturbance (predation by the nudibranch Adalaria proxima). Rather than effect a visible induced defensive response after sustaining injury from mechanical damage or Adalaria proxima, Electra pilosa was demonstrated to maintain a high specific growth rate. It is suggested that this would preclude the settlement of potential competitors and ensure the fitness of this competitively weak, opportunistic species. Adoption of a stellate colony morphology was not concomittant with higher predation susceptibility but rather represented a plastic adaptive response to an ephemeral, dynamic environment. The lack of a metamorphic response to anything other than the presence of live Electra pilosa clearly demonstrated that metamorphosis of Adalaria proxima is by some component of the live, intact bryozoan. This component is neither water- soluble or extractable, and the inductive property is eliminated by homogenisation and freezing. Although hypotheses for this are evaluated, the mechanism of induction and the reasons for this relationship remain unclear. Adaptations to this close nudibranch-bryozoan association are therefore evident in the life history strategies of both species.

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22

Bayer, Micha. "Genetic determinism, inducible morphology and phenotypic plasticity in the marine bryozoan Electra pilosa (L.)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14623.

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The marine bryozoan Electra pilosa typically inhabits ephemeral substrata in the intertidal and shallow subtidal, and is probably the ecologically most successful bryozoan species in British waters. Modular organisms like E. pilosa frequently evolve pronounced phenotypic plasticity to cope with the ecological challenges resulting from passive larval dispersal into unpredictable habitats, and temporal variability of the environment colonized by the immobile adult stage. E. pilosa colonies on wave-exposed shores differ morphologically from those found on sheltered shores in possessing numerous long-spined zooids. The present study demonstrates that spine formation in E. pilosa is environmentally inducible by wave-related abrasion by macroalgae; additionally, the spines also have a fortuitous anti-predator effect in discouraging predation by the nudibranchs Adalaria proxima and Polycera quadrilineata. It is suggested that the inducible spines of E. pilosa constitute an adaptation for the protection of feeding polypides in high-energy environments, and that plasticity for the trait is of adaptive value in this organism which exploits a diverse range of habitats. Although a number of traits in this species clearly are subject to considerable phenotypic plasticity, other attributes apparently are highly deterministic, heritable and genotype-specific. Electra pilosa displays pronounced among-genotype variation in colony growth rate, and the present study shows that this variation is due to proximate factors which affect growth rate and covary with genotype. This study also presents the first evidence of senescence at the zooid level in E. pilosa: Zooids deteriorate systematically over time, as indicated by decreasing polypide life spans and increasing polypide regeneration times, but in contrast to this, whole-organism senescence does not appear to occur in this species.

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23

Camino, Ana Luisa dos Santos. "Mito e tragédia moderna: Orestes e Electra revisitados por Jean Giraudoux e Jean-Paul Sartre". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6236.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1509084 bytes, checksum: 961bbaa26fa878f52ecb91155bc8dace (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29
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The French dramatists Jean Giradoux and Jean-Paul Sartre revisited the tragic Greek legacy and wrote the plays Électre (1937) and Les mouches (1943), respectively. Both authors, in their texts, drew from myths concerned with the tragic actions that took place in Agamemnon s palace: the murder of Clytemnestra by her children, Orestes and Electra. This research is centered on the analysis and comparison between Giraudoux s and Sartre s plays aiming at identifying in them the elements that indicate both the relations between myth (mythical thought) and logos (theoretical reason) and that between myth and modern tragedy. It also shows the fact that Sartre s text, maintains a dialog with the Greek legacy, and also offers a philosophical counterpoint to Giraudoux s play. In order to reach our goals we have examined the phenomenon of myth under the light of the philosophy of language, of the sacred, of anthropology and of literature, a theoretical basis that we tried to connect with the theories of Aristotle and Hegel about drama.
Os dramaturgos franceses Jean Giraudoux e Jean-Paul Sartre revisitaram o legado trágico grego e escreveram as peças Électre (1937) e Les mouches (1943), respectivamente. Ambos os autores debruçaram-se, em seus textos, sobre os mitos que narram os trágicos acontecimentos ocorridos no palácio de Agamêmnon: o assassinato de Clitemnestra por seus filhos, Orestes e Electra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e cotejar entre si as peças de Giraudoux e Sartre no intuito de nelas levantar os elementos que apontam para as relações tanto entre mito (pensamento mítico) e logos (razão teórica) quanto entre mito e tragédia moderna, e, ainda, evidenciar o fato de que o texto de Sartre, além de dialogar com o legado grego, constrói-se em contraponto filosófico ao drama de Giraudoux. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, partimos de uma reflexão sobre o fenômeno do mito sob as perspectivas da filosofia da linguagem, do sagrado, da antropologia e da literatura, formando um conjunto teórico que buscamos articular às teorias do drama de Aristóteles e Hegel.

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Delgado, Jair José Lopes. "Sistema de informação de apoio à detecção de perdas de energia eléctrica: o caso da Electra". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8483.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações - Sistemas de Informação
A realidade mundial é preocupante no que diz respeito ao aumento de ocorrências de perdas e fraudes em redes de distribuição de energia eléctrica. Em Cabo Verde, mas precisamente na Cidade da Praia a realidade é ainda mais preocupante devido ao número de ocorrências e a gravidade dos mesmos. Propõe-se um trabalho de investigação sobre perdas e fraudes de energia eléctrica baseado na análise dos dados relativos aos registos dos clientes na Base de Dados da Electra (Cabo Verde), com o intuito de nortear as tomadas de decisões de gestão estratégica no que diz respeito às políticas de controlo e prevenção de perdas e fraudes de energia eléctrica. O trabalho baseia-se na recolha e selecção de dados a organizar numa Data Warehouse para depois aplicar as tecnologias OLAP para a identificação de perdas nos Postos de Transformação e zonas geográficas da Cidade da Praia em Cabo Verde e posteriormente identificar possíveis fraudes de energia eléctrica nos clientes finais utilizando Data Mining. Os resultados principais consistiram na identificação de situações de perdas de energia eléctrica nos Postos de Transformação, a identificação de áreas críticas seleccionadas para inspecção dos seus clientes finais e a detecção de padrões de anomalias associadas ao perfil dos clientes.
This work focuses on the study of losses and frauds’ detection on electric power distribution networks, based on the analyses of the customers’ records in the Electra (Cabo Verde) database. The aim of this research study is to guide the strategic management decisions, related with the policies for control and prevention of losses and frauds in the electric power distribution network. This work includes data collection, transformation and organization in a Data Warehouse and subsequent application of OLAP technologies identify the losses in the transformation posts and geographic regions, followed by the identification of possible frauds in by the final costumers’ using the Data Mining techniques. The main results of this work are: the analyses and discovery of the loss of power in the transformation posts, the identification of critical areas for inspection of the final consumers and the detection of anomalies based on the profile of the client.

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Gutiérrez, Silva Francisco. "La ópera Electra de Strauss y Hofmannsthal: una recepción de la tragedia de Sófocles en la Viena finisecular". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143248.

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Carvallo, Carvallo Benjamín. "Lecturas del mito de Electra: una lectura comparada entre las versiones del mito en Eurípides y en Jean Paul Sartre". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136707.

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Suvdantsetseg, Erdenechimeg. "Neutronics and Transient Analysis of a Small Fast Reactor Cooled with Natural Circulation of Lead : ELECTRA: European Lead Cooled Training Reactor". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reaktorfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146992.

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In this thesis, neutronics and some relevant transient analyses of the European Lead-Cooled Training Reactor (ELECTRA) are analyzed. ELECTRA is a low-power lead-cooled fast reactor intended for training purpose. The design concept aims for the total nominal power of 0.5 MWth to be fully removed by natural circulation of pure lead, eliminating the need for pumps. A very small compact core with (Pu0.4Zr0.6)N fuel, which relies on neutron reflector to achieve criticality, results in unique reflector dominant neutronic characters. Moreover, a very hard neutron spectrum due to the choice of the fuel and the coolant leads to nearly zero Doppler feedback, relatively small effective delayed neutron fraction as well as short prompt neutron reproduction time. Nevertheless, dynamic stability and safety performance during unprotected transient scenarios are shown to be inherently ensured by the other reactivity feedbacks including the negative coolant temperature. Furthermore, the nature of the natural circulation provides favorable conditions during the studied accident cases.

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28

Hoyt, Maggie Sharon. "Giving Birth to Empowerment: Motherhood and Autonomy in Greek Tragedy". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3613.

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The Greek tragedies of Classical Athens frequently portray mothers in central roles, but despite this significance, the relationship between mother and child has long been overshadowed in secondary scholarship by the relationship between husband and wife. This study demonstrates the direct relationship between a female character's active possession of her children and her autonomy, or her ability to act in her own interests, in three plays of Euripides: Electra, Medea, and Ion. In general, women who internalize their ownership of their children, expressed on stage both in word and action, have greater influence over the men around them and the power to enact the revenge they desire. Once their ends have been achieved, however, these tragic mothers often devalue their relationship with their children, leading to a decrease in power that restores the supremacy of the patriarchal order. Within this broad framework, Euripides achieves different results by adjusting aspects of this cycle of maternal empowerment. The Electra follows this outline just as its predecessor the Oresteia does; however, Euripides invents a fictional child for Electra, extending the concept of maternal empowerment to Electra and defining Clytemnestra as both mother and grandmother. In Medea, Euripides demonstrates the significance of Medea's children to her power, and Medea does devalue her children enough to destroy them, the source of her influence, but she is not punished and cannot be reabsorbed into the patriarchal structure, which leaves an audience with a heightened sense of anxiety at the threat of maternal empowerment. Finally, the Ion initially demonstrates a cycle similar to Medea: empowered by her ownership of the child she believes she has lost, Creusa attempts revenge against the young man who threatens her but is in fact her lost son. In the end, however, Creusa uses her empowerment to achieve recognition between mother and son and voluntarily relinquishes her ownership, resulting in a peaceful reabsorption into patriarchal society and a happy ending. Despite the variations on this cycle presented by Euripides, one theme persists: motherhood was both empowering and threatening, and it required strict male control to avoid tragic results. Thus as scholars of tragedy, we cannot ignore the mother-child relationship, not only for its power to illuminate the feminine, but also for its capacity to reveal the vulnerabilities of the masculine.

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Moberg, Kristina. "An investigation of fuel cycles and material flows for a lead-cooled fast reactor using the Monte Carlo code Serpent". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171294.

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The Monte Carlo code Serpent has been used to model the material flows andisotope compositions for a lead cooled fast reactor. The demonstration sized trainingreactor ELECTRA was chosen for the investigation, and different fuel cycle scenarioswere studied. The scenarios differed in operation length (3 months, 1 year or 5years) and recycling technique (single and double PUREX or GANEX). The simulations gave detailed information on the changes of the isotope composition,activity and decay heat. The analysis of the generated waste also showed that thechoice of recycling method had great impact on the final storage time of the wastefrom the reprocessing. Performing double GANEX recycling, as compared to singlePUREX, reduced the storage time by a factor of about 3500. The results can be used for future work related to even more detailed studies ofmaterial flows and for designing an appropriate safeguards system.

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Stavropoulou, Electra [Verfasser], Kai-Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Bletzinger y Nicolas R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauger. "Sensitivity analysis and regularization for shape optimization of coupled problems / Electra Stavropoulou. Betreuer: Kai-Uwe Bletzinger. Gutachter: Nicolas R. Gauger ; Kai-Uwe Bletzinger". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1096459116/34.

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31

Auer, Janette Slater William J. "Electra in context: an investigation of a character in fifth century B.C. Athenian tragedy in the social context of the ritual lament and revenge /". *McMaster only, 2005.

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32

Alhassan, Erwin. "Nuclear data uncertainty quantification and data assimilation for a lead-cooled fast reactor : Using integral experiments for improved accuracy". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265502.

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For the successful deployment of advanced nuclear systems and optimization of current reactor designs, high quality nuclear data are required. Before nuclear data can be used in applications they must first be evaluated, tested and validated against a set of integral experiments, and then converted into formats usable for applications. The evaluation process in the past was usually done by using differential experimental data which was then complemented with nuclear model calculations. This trend is fast changing due to the increase in computational power and tremendous improvements in nuclear reaction models over the last decade. Since these models have uncertain inputs, they are normally calibrated using experimental data. However, these experiments are themselves not exact. Therefore, the calculated quantities of model codes such as cross sections and angular distributions contain uncertainties. Since nuclear data are used in reactor transport codes as input for simulations, the output of transport codes contain uncertainties due to these data as well. Quantifying these uncertainties is important for setting safety margins; for providing confidence in the interpretation of results; and for deciding where additional efforts are needed to reduce these uncertainties. Also, regulatory bodies are now moving away from conservative evaluations to best estimate calculations that are accompanied by uncertainty evaluations. In this work, the Total Monte Carlo (TMC) method was applied to study the impact of nuclear data uncertainties from basic physics to macroscopic reactor parameters for the European Lead Cooled Training Reactor (ELECTRA). As part of the work, nuclear data uncertainties of actinides in the fuel, lead isotopes within the coolant, and some structural materials have been investigated. In the case of the lead coolant it was observed that the uncertainty in the keff and the coolant void worth (except in the case of 204Pb), were large, with the most significant contribution coming from 208Pb. New 208Pb and 206Pb random nuclear data libraries with realistic central values have been produced as part of this work. Also, a correlation based sensitivity method was used in this work, to determine parameter - cross section correlations for different isotopes and energy groups. Furthermore, an accept/reject method and a method of assigning file weights based on the likelihood function are proposed for uncertainty reduction using criticality benchmark experiments within the TMC method. It was observed from the study that a significant reduction in nuclear data uncertainty was obtained for some isotopes for ELECTRA after incorporating integral benchmark information. As a further objective of this thesis, a method for selecting benchmark for code validation for specific reactor applications was developed and applied to the ELECTRA reactor. Finally, a method for combining differential experiments and integral benchmark data for nuclear data adjustments is proposed and applied for the adjustment of neutron induced 208Pb nuclear data in the fast energy region.

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Saint, Martin Marie. "Etre sœur sur la scène tragique : Electre dans l’Athènes du Ve siècle et dans l’Europe moderne (1525-1830)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040182.

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Dans la réadaptation d’un mythe, l’évolution des mentalités, notamment en ce qui concerne les représentations familiales, donne lieu à de larges remaniements de l’intrigue proposée par la tradition antique. Le mythe d’Electre, peut-être parce qu’il propose un modèle déjà compliqué à assumer pour les Grecs anciens (un fils tuant sa mère), est l’objet d’une transmission difficile. La rareté des Electre au XVIIe siècle, puis les innovations auxquelles les dramaturges sont contraints pour les adapter dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, attestent ces difficultés. Le personnage d’Electre, en tant que sœur, subit des modifications en profondeur, même si elle demeure toujours fidèle à l’idéal de réunion familiale : désormais, cette réunion inclut la mère, ce qui implique un regard très différent sur le matricide. Les réactions de la jeune fille sont parfois difficiles à comprendre ; on peut néanmoins les rattacher, d’un point de vue juridique et social, à des normes auxquelles elles obéissent, même lorsqu’elles semblent les transgresser. La période durant laquelle le mythe d’Electre est le plus dynamique en Europe correspond à un nouvel intérêt pour les relations familiales. L’on peut noter, dans la tragédie, une transition entre des pièces (au XVIIe siècle) où le rôle de la sœur demeure largement indifférencié, vers des pièces (au XIXe) où la sœur est un personnage compris pour la richesse de la relation qu’il entretient avec le frère. Les intrigues consacrées à Electre mettent en avant la relation du frère et de la sœur : cette spécificité contribue à expliquer pourquoi la fable connaît un tel essor, à l’époque même du drame bourgeois
When adapting a myth to theatre, the plot from the original antique tradition is often largely modified to suit the audience’s mentality of the time, especially as far as the reprensentation of the family ties is concerned. Perhaps because it proposes a model which is complicated even for ancient Greeks to accept (that of a son killing his mother)The Electra myth has had a difficult transmission through the ages. The rare occurences of Electra in the XVIIth century, and the necessary innovations that playwriters had to invent to adapt the subject during the second half of the XVIIIth century confirm those difficulties. As a sister, Electra’s character is deeply modified. Even if she remains attached to an ideal of family unity, this reunion now includes the mother, which implies a totally different view of the matricide in the original text. Although the young woman’s reactions are sometimes difficult to understand, from a legal and social point of view they can be linked to the norms to which they obey, even when they seem to break them. The Electra myth is at its most dynamic time in Europe when a new interest in familial relationships is growing. In tragedy, there is a noticible transition between plays in the XVIIth century where the role of the sister is widely unspecialized, to plays in the XIXth century where the sister character is recognised for its rich relationship with the brother. Intrigues dedicated to Electra stress the relationship between the brother and sister: that specificity helps to explain why this antique fable is so popular at the very same time as the drame bourgeois

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Holm, Henrik. "Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for Question Answering in the Telecom Domain. : Adapting a BERT-like language model to the telecom domain using the ELECTRA pre-training approach". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301313.

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The Natural Language Processing (NLP) research area has seen notable advancements in recent years, one being the ELECTRA model which improves the sample efficiency of BERT pre-training by introducing a discriminative pre-training approach. Most publicly available language models are trained on general-domain datasets. Thus, research is lacking for niche domains with domain-specific vocabulary. In this paper, the process of adapting a BERT-like model to the telecom domain is investigated. For efficiency in training the model, the ELECTRA approach is selected. For measuring target- domain performance, the Question Answering (QA) downstream task within the telecom domain is used. Three domain adaption approaches are considered: (1) continued pre- training on telecom-domain text starting from a general-domain checkpoint, (2) pre-training on telecom-domain text from scratch, and (3) pre-training from scratch on a combination of general-domain and telecom-domain text. Findings indicate that approach 1 is both inexpensive and effective, as target- domain performance increases are seen already after small amounts of training, while generalizability is retained. Approach 2 shows the highest performance on the target-domain QA task by a wide margin, albeit at the expense of generalizability. Approach 3 combines the benefits of the former two by achieving good performance on QA both in the general domain and the telecom domain. At the same time, it allows for a tokenization vocabulary well-suited for both domains. In conclusion, the suitability of a given domain adaption approach is shown to depend on the available data and computational budget. Results highlight the clear benefits of domain adaption, even when the QA task is learned through behavioral fine-tuning on a general-domain QA dataset due to insufficient amounts of labeled target-domain data being available.
Dubbelriktade språkmodeller som BERT har på senare år nått stora framgångar inom språkteknologiområdet. Flertalet vidareutvecklingar av BERT har tagits fram, bland andra ELECTRA, vars nyskapande diskriminativa träningsprocess förkortar träningstiden. Majoriteten av forskningen inom området utförs på data från den allmänna domänen. Med andra ord finns det utrymme för kunskapsbildning inom domäner med områdesspecifikt språk. I detta arbete utforskas metoder för att anpassa en dubbelriktad språkmodell till telekomdomänen. För att säkerställa hög effektivitet i förträningsstadiet används ELECTRA-modellen. Uppnådd prestanda i måldomänen mäts med hjälp av ett frågebesvaringsdataset för telekom-området. Tre metoder för domänanpassning undersöks: (1) fortsatt förträning på text från telekom-området av en modell förtränad på den allmänna domänen; (2) förträning från grunden på telekom-text; samt (3) förträning från grunden på en kombination av text från telekom-området och den allmänna domänen. Experimenten visar att metod 1 är både kostnadseffektiv och fördelaktig ur ett prestanda-perspektiv. Redan efter kort fortsatt förträning kan tydliga förbättringar inom frågebesvaring inom måldomänen urskiljas, samtidigt som generaliserbarhet kvarhålls. Tillvägagångssätt 2 uppvisar högst prestanda inom måldomänen, om än med markant sämre förmåga att generalisera. Metod 3 kombinerar fördelarna från de tidigare två metoderna genom hög prestanda dels inom måldomänen, dels inom den allmänna domänen. Samtidigt tillåter metoden användandet av ett tokenizer-vokabulär väl anpassat för båda domäner. Sammanfattningsvis bestäms en domänanpassningsmetods lämplighet av den respektive situationen och datan som tillhandahålls, samt de tillgängliga beräkningsresurserna. Resultaten påvisar de tydliga vinningar som domänanpassning kan ge upphov till, även då frågebesvaringsuppgiften lärs genom träning på ett dataset hämtat ur den allmänna domänen på grund av otillräckliga mängder frågebesvaringsdata inom måldomänen.

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35

Distilo, Nuala. "Commento filologico all' 'Elettra' di Euripide". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427401.

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The work is organized into three sections. The first part is an introduction that focuses on the re-examination of the manuscript tradition of the Euripides’ Electra; the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between the two codices of the play, Laurentianus pl. 32,2 (L) and Laurentianus conventi soppressi 172 (P). The second part of this research is a commentary on the play for a new reconsideration of its several problems, textual and metrical. The starting point is the text of L which is analysed in the light of the several contributions of the critic and of the latest editors’ textual choices. Important reference points in this part of the work were the last two editions of the Euripides’ Electra proposed by Giuseppina Basta Donzelli (Teubner 1995, 2002) and James Diggle (Oxford 1981), and the latest philological commentary on the play set up by John Dewar Denniston (Oxford 1939). The third part of this dissertation is the final text of the play based on the work done in the commentary: it is different than other editions for linguistic, textual and metrical choices.
Il lavoro presentato si articola in tre diverse parti. Una introduzione che verte sul riesame della tradizione manoscritta del testo dell’Elettra di Euripide e si propone di definire, anche alla luce delle recenti acquisizioni della letteratura critica, in maniera più puntuale il rapporto tra di due codici latori del testo, il Laurentianus pl. 32,2 (L) e il Laurentianus conventi soppressi 172 (P). Una parte centrale, più corposa, che consiste nell’analisi verso per verso del testo della tragedia volta ad una riconsiderazione dei numerosi problemi testuali e metrici che essa presenta: punto di partenza è il testo dei codici (in particolare di L) che è, di volta in volta, discusso alla luce dei contributi della critica e delle scelte operate dai precedenti editori. Tra questi punto costante di riferimento e confronto sono state le due più recenti edizioni critiche proposte da Giuseppina Basta Donzelli per la collana teubneirana (1995, 2002) e da James Diggle (Oxford 1981), nonché il più recente commento filologico alla tragedia allestito da John Dewar Denniston per i tipi della Oxford Clarendon Press (1939). La terza parte del lavoro riproduce, infine, il testo del dramma frutto della discussione proposta nel commento e che si discosta per scelte linguistiche, testuali e metriche, nonché per una rivalutazione del testo della tradizione, dalle edizioni precedenti.

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36

Bourbonnais, Joao Baptista. "Amarras - Pesquisa do gesto teatral para adaptação de Electra de Sófocles em expressão brasileira, através de ações de personagens descritas no romance de Fogo Morto de José Lins do Rego". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27155/tde-01032013-161703/.

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A presente pesquisa pretende elaborar um procedimento de montagem teatral, em um processo de criação artística, através do uso do gesto, para a construção da ação cênica, aplicando à tragédia grega Electra, de Sófocles, o gestual dos personagens brasileiros como descritos no romance Fogo Morto de José Lins do Rego. Utilizando exercícios de improvisação com a ação física e o gesto, buscando uma estética brasileira para os temas universais e fundamentais contidos na tragédia grega, para desenvolver um procedimento aplicável a outras encenações, que queiram mesclar a dramaturgia da peça a ser encenada com informações oriundas de uma obra literária não dramatúrgica. Resultando na criação de uma cena do espetáculo denominado Amarras, que adapte os conteúdos da obra teatral original através de uma linguagem essencialmente corporal, colhida de outra obra artística e agregue, nesta adaptação, também o universo de referências desta segunda obra.
This research aims to develop a procedure for stage production, a process of artistic creation, through the use of gesture, for the construction of scenic action, applying in the Greek tragedy Electra, by Sophocles, the sign of the Brazilian characters as described in the novel Fogo Morto (Fire Dead) by José Lins do Rego. Using improvisation exercises with physical action and gesture, seeking a Brazilian aesthetic for the fundamental and universal themes contained in the Greek tragedy, to develop a procedure applicable to other scenarios, that want to merge the dramaturgy of the piece to be performed with information from a literary work that is not a drama. Resulting in the creation of a scene from the show called Amarras (Moorings), adjusting the content of the original play mainly through body language, taken from another work of art and add, in this adaptation, so the universe of references from this second work.

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37

Gung, Tza-Jing. "Kerr electro-optic measurements and nonuniform electric field reconstructions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80079.

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38

Júnior, Francival Barbosa. "Analysis of electro-hydrostatic actuator in more electric aircraft". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2006. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=900.

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The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the possibility of using electrically powered systems instead of a centralized hydraulic system composed of set of distribution pipes for aircrafts' primary control surfaces actuation. Focus will be given in the following topics: Description of new actuation technologies; Option chosen to be studied among the new possibilities; Comparison between the traditional system and the new proposal e System engineering evaluation regarding: weight, safety, thermal issue, connection with electric system, maintenance and certification. Besides that, a more electric actuation architecture will be proposed and compared with the conventional option for an airplane design's case study. A simulation model will be developed to describe the more electric actuator behavior and preview its interaction with other systems. This model will be included in a closed loop to command a primary surface. The closed-loop project will be developed based on an algorithmic method. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) will be implemented to define the gains. Finally, the results obtained will be discussed.

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39

Zagal, Matasoglio Jorge Luis. "Las dinámicas de los cuerpos femeninos en la poesía escrita por mujeres en la década de los 80: Una lectura de Noches de Adrenalina, de Carmen Ollé y Memorias de Electra, de Mariela Dreyfus". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16032.

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En esta tesis se analizarán los poemarios Noches de adrenalina, de Carmen Ollé y Memorias de Electra, de Mariela Dreyfus. Se contextualizarán ambos poemarios dentro de sus marcos generacionales específicos como su relación con el discurso poético de los movimientos de escritores a los que cada una perteneció (Hora Zero y Kloaka, respectivamente). Para ello, haré uso de la teoría psicoanalítica, especialmente la lacaniana, y de diferentes discursos que se producen dentro del marco de la teoría feminista. El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar cómo la dinámica de los cuerpos femeninos que se enuncian en estos poemarios produce una agencia que cuestiona los discursos masculinos que intentan ejercer un saber y un ejercicio de poder sobre ellos.
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40

Saxena, Vishal. "Hot electron luminescence from GaAs : electric field effects". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624144.

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41

Torabzadeh-Tari, Mohsen. "Analysis of Electro-Meachanical Actuator Systems in More Electric Aircraft Applications". Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255.

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Conventional hydraulic actuators in aircraft are demanding regarding maintenance which implies high operation costs. In recent years the focus therefore has been set on electro-hydrostatic and electro-mechanical actuators.

The aim of this work is to analyze and evaluate the possibility of introducing electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in more electric aircraft applications. The major goal is to optimize the weight of such actuator systems including the electro-machine (electric motor) gear mechanism and power converter, without loss of reliability. Other optimisation criteria on such solutions are low losses and good thermal properties.

A quasi-static model approach of EMAs is used here in order to decrease the simulation time. It is possible because the low (mechanical) and high (electrical) frequency components are separated in the model, see [1]. The inverters and converters are described as fictive DC-DC transformers with corresponding efficiencies, see [2]. By introducing an object oriented approach the model is flexible and re-usable and can be used as a framework in the future build-up of models of entire MEA aircrafts, see [3].

Power density, cost and weight of the actuator systems are some of the important key factors for comparing purpose and as a platform for the dimensioning of the aircraft. The next issue becomes the scalability of the model and the key factors, because of the diversity of the actuators used in different parts of the MEA aircraft. Therefore the ambition is set to build up a database of different scalable actuator solutions which among others returns these key factors as output.

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42

Torabzadeh-Tari, Mohsen. "Analysis of Electro-mechanical actuator systems in more electric aircraft applications /". Stockholm : Department of electrical engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255.

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43

劉心雄 y Sum-hung Lau. "Adaptive FEM preprocessing for electro magnetic field analysis of electric machines". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212451.

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Lau, Sum-hung. "Adaptive FEM preprocessing for electro magnetic field analysis of electric machines /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17505823.

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45

Condylis, Paul Constantine. "Measuring the electron electric dipole moment using supersonic YbF". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429391.

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46

Wu, Dennis M. (Dennis Meng-Jiao). "Quantum-coupled single-electron thermal to electric conversion scheme". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42421.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-242).
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2008.
A new thermal to electric conversion scheme based on an excitation transfer and tunneling mechanism is studied theoretically. Coulomb coupling dominates when the hot side and the cold side are very close. Two important concepts went into the device scheme: (1) Coulomb coupling, to try to increase throughput power (which is not subject to blackbody limit), and (2) a quantum dot implementation, to restrict number of states, to try to increase efficiency. Modeling efforts from Bloch equations, brute force numerical simulations, and the secular equations partitioning method are discussed. A hot-side quantum dot design of the device is considered. Alternative implementation where the hot-side is a plain sheet of metal or aluminum oxide is analyzed. We found that the model power/area is higher than the blackbody limit, and the predicted conversion efficiency is very high.
by Dennis M. Wu.
Ph.D.

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47

Zhao, Xu S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Electric field engineering in GaN high electron mobility transistors". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43062.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).
In the last few years, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have become the top choice for power amplification at frequencies up to 20 GHz. Great interest currently exists in industry and academia to increase the frequency to mm-wave frequencies. The goal of this thesis has been to identify new solutions to some of the main challenges to increase this frequency performance even further. Electron velocity is a critical parameter affecting the transistor performance. In standard GaN transistors, the extremely high electric fields present in the channel of the device reduce the average electron velocity well below the peak electron velocity, resulting in low cutoff frequencies. In this thesis, we introduced a partial recess in the drain access region of the transistor to engineer the electric field along the channel of the device without introducing parasitic capacitances. By reducing the peak electric field, the average electron velocity is increased by 50%. This new technology has the potential to improve not only the cutoff frequencies, but also the breakdown voltage of GaN transistors. To successfully engineer the electric field in GaN devices, an accurate, reliable and low damage etching technology is needed. However none of the traditional GaN dry etching technologies meets these requirements. This lack of suitable technology has motivated us to develop a new atomic layer etching technique of AlGaN/GaN structures. This technology has been shown to be a self limited process with very high reliability and low damage, which will be very useful both in electric field engineering and gate recess. Finally, another factor hindering GaN HEMTs from competing with InGaAs devices at high frequencies are their high parasitic capacitances and resistances. In this thesis, ohmic drain contacts are replaced with Schottky drain contacts to reduce the drain access resistance.
(cont) ADS simulations predict a very significant increase in the cutoff frequencies by virtue of the lowered parasitic resistances. In conclusion, the theoretical and experimental work developed during this project has demonstrated the great potential of three new technologies to overcome the main challenges of mm-wave GaN HEMTs. The application of these technologies to actual devices is under way and it will represent an important element of the ultra-high GaN transistors of the future.
by Xu Zhao.
S.M.

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48

El, Barraj Ali. "Growth and electro-thermomigration on semiconductor surfaces by low energy electron microscopy". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0393.

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Dans ce mémoire sont abordées quelques études sur la croissance, l'électromigration et la thermomigration de la surface des semiconducteurs tels que le Ge(111), le Si(100) et le Si(111). Sur le plan expérimental, la Microscopie à Electrons Lents (LEEM) nous a permis d'accéder à la dynamiques des phénomènes in situ et en temps réel. Nous étudions l'électromigration et la thermomigration sur la surface de Si(100) qui présente deux reconstructions de surfaces (2x1) et (1x2) selon l'orientation des dimères. Nous montrons que l'anisotropie de diffusion peut affecter le sens de mouvement des nanostructures (trous et îlots). Nous étudions aussi l'électromigration et la thermomigration sur la surface de Si(111). Nous montrons que les trous (1x1) dans la phase (7x7) bougent dans le sens opposé au courant électrique, et dans le même sens du gradient thermique. Nous avons obtenu la charge effective et le coefficient de Soret des atomes de Si en présence d'un courant électrique et d'un gradient thermique. Enfin est abordée l'étude de la nucléation, la croissance et la coalescence dynamique de gouttelettes d'Au sur la surface d'Au/Ge(111), ainsi que l'électromigration des domaines 2D d'Au/Ge(111)-(√3x√3) dans la phase (1x1)
This thesis is focused on the study of the growth, electromigration and thermomigration of nanostructures on the surface of semiconductors such as Si(100), Si(111) and Ge(111). On an experimental viewpoint, Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) allows us to access to the dynamics of the phenomena in situ and in real time. We have studied under electromigration and thermomigration the motions of 2D monoatomic holes and islands on the Si (100) surface. We have shown that diffusion anisotropy due to (2x1) and (1x2) surface reconstructions can affect the direction of motion of nanostructures. We have also studied electromigration and thermomigration of Si (111) surface. We show that 2D-(1x1) holes in the (7x7) phase move in the direction opposite to the electric current, while in the direction of the thermal gradient. We have obtained the effective charge and the Soret coefficient of Si atoms in presence of an electric current and a thermal gradient. At last, the nucleation, growth and dynamic coalescence of Au droplets on Au/Ge(111) surface is studied, and the electromigration of 2D Au/Ge(111)-( √3x√3) domains on Au/Ge(111)-(1x1) surface

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49

Ruege, Alexander Charles. "Electro-Optic Ring Resonators in Integrated Optics For Miniature Electric Field Sensors". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322521235.

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50

Feehally, Thomas. "Electro-mechanical interaction in gas turbine-generator systems for more-electric aircraft". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electromechanical-interaction-in-gas-turbinegenerator-systems-for-moreelectric-aircraft(64606031-8744-4925-a8e1-3bf4ea108696).html.

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Modern 'more-electric' aircraft demand increased levels of electrical power as non-propulsive power systems are replaced with electrical equivalents. This electrical power is provided by electrical generators, driven via a mechanical transmission system, from a rotating spool in the gas turbine core. A wide range of electrical loads exist throughout the aircraft, which may be pulsating and high powered, and this electrical power demand is transferred though the generators to produce a torque load on the drivetrain. The mechanical components of the drivetrain are designed for minimum mass and so are susceptible to fatigue, therefore the electrical loading existing on modern airframes may induce fatigue in key mechanical components and excite system resonances in both mechanical and electrical domains. This electro-mechanical interaction could lead to a reduced lifespan for mechanical components and electrical network instability.This project investigates electro-mechanical interaction in the electrical power offtake from large diameter aero gas turbines. High fidelity modelling of the drivetrain, and generator, allow the prediction of system resonances for a generic gas turbine-generator system. A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is considered and modelled. DFIGs offer opportunities due to their fast dynamics and their ability to decouple electrical and mechanical frequencies (e.g. enabling a constant frequency electrical system with a variable speed mechanical drive). A test platform is produced which is representative of a large diameter gas turbine and reproduces the electro-mechanical system behaviour. The test platform is scaled with respect to speed and power but maintains realistic sizing between component dimensions which include: a gas turbine mechanical spool emulation, transmission driveshafts and gearbox, and accessory loads such as a generator. This test platform is used to validate theoretical understanding and suggest alternative mechanical configurations, and generator control schemes, for the mitigation of electro-mechanical interaction.The novel use of a DFIG and an understanding of electro-mechanical interaction allow future aircraft designs to benefit from the increased electrification of systems by ensuring that sufficient electrical power can be provided by a robust gas turbine-generator system.

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