Artículos de revistas: "Electric power transmission. Flexible AC transmission systems"

1

Moore, P. y P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 1". Power Engineering Journal 9, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1995): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19950610.

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2

Pradhan, A. K., A. Routray y Banaja Mohanty. "Maximum efficiency of flexible AC transmission systems". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 28, n.º 8 (octubre de 2006): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.03.014.

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3

Gopinath, B., S. Suresh Kumar y Juvan Michael. "Stability Improvement in Power Systems Using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)". Advanced Materials Research 768 (septiembre de 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.392.

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Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipments used for ac transmission of electric energy to improve the power transfer capability and to enhance controllability of interconnected network. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used FACTS device for providing fast acting reactive power compensation on high voltage electricity transmission network. This paper deals with the designing of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIC) and fuzzy based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) controller for the performance analysis of UPFC. The controller have been designed and tested for controlling the real and reactive power of UPFC. Fuzzy-PI controller is used to control the shunt part of UPFC. The system response under high short circuit level is tested on 5-bus system and 118-bus system. Computer simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to verify proposed control strategies.

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4

Shahin, Marwa, Ebtisam Saied, M. A. Moustafa Hassan y Fahmy Bendary. "Voltage Swell Mitigation Using Flexible AC Transmission Systems Based on Evolutionary Computing Methods". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 3, n.º 3 (julio de 2014): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2014070104.

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The main subject of these paper deals with enhancing the steady-state and dynamics performance of the power grids by using new idea namely Advanced Flexible AC Transmission Systems based on Evolutionary Computing Methods. Control of the electric power system can be achieved by using the new trends as Particle Swarm Optimization applied to this subject to enhance the characteristics of controller performance. This paper studies and analyzes Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System to mitigate only one of power quality problems is voltage swell. The Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System, which will be used in this paper, is the most promising one, which known as Advanced Thyristor Controlled Series Reactors, and Advanced Static VAR Compensator were utilized in this research to mitigate the voltage swell aiming to reach. This paper focuses on the operation of the AFACTS device under turning off heavy load that may causes transformer damaged, as no research covers this problem by this technique. Particle Swarm Optimization is used to determine the value of series inductor connected to the Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System. The proposed algorithm formatting, deriving, coding and programming the network equations required to link AFACTS during steady-state and dynamic behaviors to the power systems tested on the IEEE 30 bus system as well as IEEE 14 bus system, and 9 bus system.

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Moore, P. y P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 2: Methods of transmission line compensation". Power Engineering Journal 10, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1996): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19960607.

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6

Lie, Tjing T. y Wanhong Deng. "Optimal flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices allocation". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 19, n.º 2 (febrero de 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(96)00036-1.

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7

Moore, P. y P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 3: Conventional FACTS controllers". Power Engineering Journal 11, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1997): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19970408.

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8

Moore, P. y P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 4: Advanced FACTS controllers". Power Engineering Journal 12, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19980211.

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9

Kumar, Prashant. "Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS Devices". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp10-17.

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The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)-based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation..

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10

Zamora-Cárdenas, E. A., B. A. Alcaide-Moreno y C. R. Fuerte-Esquivel. "State estimation of flexible AC transmission systems considering synchronized phasor measurements". Electric Power Systems Research 106 (enero de 2014): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2013.08.004.

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11

Khan, M. Y. A., U. Khalil, H. Khan, A. Uddin y S. Ahmed. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2019): 3900–3904. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2587.

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The demand for electricity is increasing day by day and we have to produce more electrical energy to meet the load demands. Most of the experts prefer to extend the existing electrical networks over building the new network with greater costs. In this paper, the implementation of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in a simple electrical network is described. FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without laying out new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. Moreover, this paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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12

Khalil, Umair, Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, Umer Amir Khan y Shahid Atiq. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller". April 2020 39, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.04.

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The demand of energy usage is increasing rapidly and to meet the energy requirements, best possible transmission systems should be adopted to avoid energy losses in our transmission systems. In Pakistan’s WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority) system, the rapid increase in load and less generation capacity has increased load shedding thought the country. The government has planned to increase the generation capacity but the supply companies are facing line load-ability, environmental constraints, power limitations problems etc. Most of the supply companies prefer to extend the existing electrical networks instead of building new network to reduce financial burdens. In this paper the implementation of the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Devices in an electrical network is described. The FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without adding new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. The control of power flow, reactive power compensation and voltage control are the main capabilities of FACTS devices. This paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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13

Zúñiga-Haro, Pável y Juan M. Ramírez. "Multi-pulse Switching Functions Modeling of Flexible AC Transmission Systems Devices". Electric Power Components and Systems 37, n.º 1 (11 de diciembre de 2008): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325000802322004.

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Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, Joan Sau-Bassols, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo y Marc Cheah-Mane. "Flexible Converters for Meshed HVDC Grids: From Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to Flexible DC Grids". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35, n.º 1 (febrero de 2020): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2939588.

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15

Haroon, Ayesha, Irfan Shafqat Javed, Huma Rehmat Baig y Ali Nasir. "Modeling, Control and Placement of FACTS Devices: A Review". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2020): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.04.

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Over the past two decades, developing distributed energy sources in electric power grid have created new challenges related to the power quality, voltage adjustment and proficient energy utilization. Power electronic converters are widely used to interface the emerging energy systems (without and with energy storage) and smart buildings with the transmission and distribution systems. Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Voltage-Source Converters (VSC), with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. FACTS devices are of vital significance for tackling the problem of voltage instability which is inevitable and leads to losses in transmission system networks. These devices provide fast voltage regulation, ensure system stability and reactive power compensation. In this regard, modeling, control and appropriate placement of these devices in the transmission lines have been of great importance for researchers of power transmission systems. By using high speed power electronic converters, FACTS perform many times faster than the conventional compensation techniques. FACTS not only provide fast voltage regulation but also damping of active power oscillations and reactive power compensation. Hence, they increase the availability and reliability of the power systems. But, the functioning of a FACTS device extremely reckons upon its parametric quantity, appropriate placement, and sizing in the power network. In this paper, an extensive literature survey is presented to discuss and investigate these parameters of FACTS devices.

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16

A. Hussein, Nabil, Ayamn A. Eisa, Hassan M. Mahmoud, Safy A. Shehata y El-Saeed A. Othman. "Interline power flow controller (IPFC) characterization in power systems". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3 (10 de agosto de 2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14894.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have been proposed in the late 1980s to meet and provide the electrical power system requirements. FACTS are used to control the power flow and to improve the power system stability. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a versatile device in the FACTS family of controllers and one of its latest generations which has the ability to simultaneously control the power flow in two or multiple transmission lines. This paper is tackling the IPFC performance in power systems; it aims to discuss the availability to define a known scenario for the IPFC performance in different systems. An introduction supported with brief review on IPFC, IPFC principle of operation and IPFC mathematical model are also introduced. IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems have chosen as a test power systems to support the behavior study of power system equipped with IPFC device. Three different locations have chosen to give variety of system configurations to give effective performance analysis.

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17

Xavier, S. Arockia Edwin, P. Venkatesh y M. Saravanan. "A Perfomance study of Ann and Anfis Controller for Statcom in dSpace Environment". Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2013): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0023.

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Reactive power compensation is an important issue in the control of electric power system. Reactive power from the source increases the transmission losses and reduces the power transmission capability of the transmission lines. Moreover, reactive power should not be transmitted through the transmission line to a longer distance. Hence Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices such as static compensator (STATCOM) unified power flow controller (UPFC) and static volt-ampere compensator (SVC) are used to alleviate these problems. In this paper, a voltage source converter (VSC) based STATCOM is developed with Artificial Neural Network Controller (ANNC) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) controllers. The conventional PI controller has more tuning difficulties while the system parameter changes, whereas a trained neural network and ANFIS controllers requires less computation time. They have the ability to generalize and can interpolate in between the training data. The ANNC and ANFIS controllers designed were tested on a 75 V, 100 VA STATCOM in real time environment via state-of-the-art of digital signal processor advanced control engineering (dSPACE) DS1104 board and it was found that ANFIS controller was producing better results than the ANNC.

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18

Seyezhai, R., K. Radha Sree, K. Sivapathi y V. Vardhaman. "Analysis and Experimentation of a Three Phase Asymmetric Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Electric Vehicles". Advanced Materials Research 768 (septiembre de 2013): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.231.

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Multilevel inverters have been gaining immense popularity in high power applications such as Electric vehicles, Flexible AC Transmission Systems etc. This paper focuses on an asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter employing the variable frequency carrier phase shifted PWM technique. The major advantage of this strategy is that it aids in balancing the switch utilization. The proposed strategy was found to have lower THD and switching losses when compared to the conventional strategies. The simulation was performed using MATLAB/Simulink and the results were verified experimentally.

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19

Gurijala, Sridhar Babu, K. S. Srikanth, Ramchandra Nittala y G. Rohit Reddy. "Transmission system regularization with 5-level cascaded IPFC". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2019): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1437-1445.

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In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.

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20

Samantaray, S. R. "Decision tree-based fault zone identification and fault classification in flexible AC transmissions-based transmission line". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 3, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2009): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0316.

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21

Huang, Chao-Ming y Yann-Chang Huang. "Hybrid optimisation method for optimal power flow using flexible AC transmission system devices". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 8, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 2036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0096.

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22

Abdullah Salman, Ghassan, Mohammed Hasan Ali y Ali Najim Abdullah. "Implementation Optimal Location and Sizing of UPFC on Iraqi Power System Grid (132 kV) Using Genetic Algorithm". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1607-1615.

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Electric power systems required efficient processors and intelligent methods for sustainability therefore, in this paper used Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device specifically Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) because of its useful properties on series and shunt devices and used Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the optimal location and values of UPFC to achieve the following objectives: improve voltages profile, reduce power losses, treatment of power flow in overloaded transmission lines and reduce power generation. Consequently, all of these goals led to a reduction in the total cost of the power system. GA was applied to an Iraqi local power grid system (Diyala 132 kV) to find the optimal values and locations of UPFC for the purpose of achieving the objectives mentioned above using the MATLAB program. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of GA to calculate the optimum values and locations of UPFC and promising results were obtained for the Diyala power network (132 kV) with regard to the desired objectives.

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Khamidov, Shukhrat, Sunnatilla Tillaev y Bahrom Normuratov. "Improving the reliability of UPS Central Asia implementation of FACTS devices". E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601103.

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The article analyzes the issues of increasing the reliability, stability, improving the control of power flows in electrical networks in the Unified Power System of Central Asia on the basis of the introduction of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology. The solution of the problems of regulation of operating parameters of electrical sistems is considered. An assessment of the economic effect from the introduction of FACTS technology in the energy system of Uzbekistan has been carried out.

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Bharti, Satyadharma y Satya P. Dubey. "Design and Analysis of TCSC Performance for 1200 kV UHVAC Transmission System". Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, n.º 4 (5 de julio de 2020): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666190422162108.

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Background: Technical feasibility of Ultra High Voltage (UHV) Transmission system is proven through many UHV projects worldwide and research is going on to make it commercially viable. The rapid development of Power Electronics in the field of UHV AC power system has resulted in the economic and efficient transmission of bulk power over long distances. Methods: In order to improve the voltage profile of the transmission system, power transfer capability, transient and dynamic stability; Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices have been introduced at UHV level. The present paper focuses on the design and evaluation of TCSC system for the Indian UHVAC system for its Wardha Aurangabad Line, which is at present operating at 400 kV but will be upgraded soon to 1200 kV. A flow chart is prepared for the determination of the values of TCSC inductor and capacitor. Result: PSCAD/ EMTDC Software-Simulation based study is carried out to analyze the behavior of the UHV transmission line with TCSC. The effect of improvement in power transfer capability, with and without the use of TCSC scheme; through Constant- Current mode, closed-loop control has been investigated for a healthy line and a faulty line. Conclusion: With the use of TCSC, an increase of 52% is observed in the power transfer capability of the line, which is raised from about 5000 MW to 7777 MW. The paper will prove a milestone for academicians, researchers, and design engineers in the field of Power Electronics and Power Systems.

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Ćalasan, Martin, Tatjana Konjić, Katarina Kecojević y Lazar Nikitović. "Optimal Allocation of Static Var Compensators in Electric Power Systems". Energies 13, n.º 12 (21 de junio de 2020): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123219.

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In the current age, power systems contain many modern elements, one example being Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, which play an important role in enhancing the static and dynamic performance of the systems. However, due to the high costs of FACTS devices, the location, type, and value of the reactive power of these devices must be optimized to maximize their resulting benefits. In this paper, the problem of optimal power flow for the minimization of power losses is considered for a power system with or without a FACTS controller, such as a Static Var Compensator (SVC) device The impact of location and SVC reactive power values on power system losses are considered in power systems with and without the presence of wind power. Furthermore, constant and variable load are considered. The mentioned investigation is realized on both IEEE 9 and IEEE 30 test bus systems. Optimal SVC allocation are performed in program GAMS using CONOPT solver. For constant load data, the obtained results of an optimal SVC allocation and the minimal value of power losses are compared with known solutions from the literature. It is shown that the CONOPT solver is useful for finding the optimal location of SVC devices in a power system with or without the presence of wind energy. The comparison of results obtained using CONOPT solver and four metaheuristic method for minimization of power system losses are also investigated and presented.

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Ghazizadeh-Ahsaee, M. y J. Sadeh. "Accurate fault location algorithm for transmission lines in the presence of shunt-connected flexible AC transmission system devices". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 6, n.º 3 (2012): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0657.

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Chaudhuri, B., S. Ray y R. Majumder. "Robust low-order controller design for multi-modal power oscillation damping using flexible AC transmission systems devices". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 3, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2009): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0471.

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28

Simfukwe, D. D., B. C. Pal, N. Martins y R. A. Jabr. "Robust and low-order design of flexible AC transmission systems and power system stabilisers for oscillation damping". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 6, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2012): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0684.

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29

H., Ananda M. y M. R. Shivakumar. "Particle swarm optimization tuned unified power flow controller for power oscillation reduction". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp633-638.

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One of the best flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is unified power flow controller (UPFC). As it gets more benefit from both real and reactive power transfer, it is used in power system for controlling the transmitted power. The UPFC controls the power on the transmission side of the power system. When the real as well as reactive power is set the UPFC tries to follow the command by using the proportional and integral (PI) controller. But in some power systems the PI controllers cannot produce the proper power due to the power oscillations. These oscillations are created due to PI controller properties. In this paper the PI controller is replaced with the particle swarm optimization tuned PI controller (PSO-PI). It minimizes the power oscillations by using the objective function. The MATLAB 2017b is used to demonstrate the power transfer curves and the voltages. The IEEE 9 bus system is being used as a reference system.

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Ballal, M. S., H. M. Suryawanshi y T. Venkateswara Reddy. "Mitigation of Voltage Dip and Voltage Flickering by Multilevel D-STATCOM". Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (14 de octubre de 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/871652.

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The basic power quality problems in the distribution network are voltage sag (dip), voltage flickering, and the service interruptions. STATCOM is a Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology device which can independently control the flow of reactive power. This paper presents the simulation and analysis of a STATCOM for voltage dip and voltage flickering mitigation. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the performance of the STATCOM. A comparison between the six-pulse inverter and the five-level diode-clamped inverter is carried out for the performance of 66/11 KV distribution system.

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Tarraso, Andres, Ngoc-Bao Lai, Gregory N. Baltas y Pedro Rodriguez. "Power Quality Services Provided by Virtually Synchronous FACTS". Energies 12, n.º 17 (27 de agosto de 2019): 3292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173292.

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The variable and unpredictable behavior of renewable energies impacts the performance of power systems negatively, threatening their stability and hindering their efficient operation. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices are able to emulate the connection of parallel and series impedances in the transmission system, which improves the regulation of power systems with a high share of renewables, avoiding congestions, enhancing their response in front of contingencies and, in summary, increasing their utilization and reliability. Proper control of voltage and current under distorted and unbalanced transient grid conditions is one of the most critical issues in the control of FACTS devices to emulate such apparent impedances. This paper describes how the synchronous power controller (SPC) can be used to implement virtually synchronous FACTS. It presents the SPC functionalities, emphasizing in particular the importance of virtual admittance emulation by FACTS devices in order to control transient unbalanced currents during faults and attenuate harmonics. Finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPC-based FACTS devices in improving power quality of electrical networks. This is a result of their contribution to voltage balancing at point of connection during asymmetrical faults and the improvement of grid voltage quality by controlling harmonics flow.

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32

Ford, J. J., G. Ledwich y Z. Y. Dong. "Efficient and robust model predictive control for first swing transient stability of power systems using flexible AC transmission systems devices". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2, n.º 5 (2008): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20070415.

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33

Tuzikova, Valeriya, Josef Tlusty y Zdenek Muller. "A Novel Power Losses Reduction Method Based on a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Using STATCOM". Energies 11, n.º 10 (22 de octubre de 2018): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102851.

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In the modern electric power industry, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have a special place. In connection with the increased interest in the development of “smart energy”, the use of such devices is becoming especially urgent. Their main function is the ability to manage modes in real time: maintain the necessary level of voltage in the grids, control the power flow, increase the capacity of power lines and increase the static and dynamic stability of the power grid. The problem of system reliability and stability is related to the task of definitions and optimizations and planning indicators, design and exploitation. The main aim of this article is the definition of the best placement of the STATCOM compensator in case to provide stability and reliability of the grid with the minimization of the power losses, using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. All calculations were performed in MATLAB.

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Gianto, Rudy. "Penggunaan UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) untuk Perbaikan Kestabilan Sistem Tenaga Listrik yang Terinterkoneksi". Electrician 15, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v15n1.2179.

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Intisari — Makalah ini membahas penggunaan peralatan FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) untuk meningkatkan atau memperbaiki kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik yang terinterkoneksi. Peralatan FACTS pada umumnya digunakan untuk mengendalikan aliran daya-aktif dan/atau daya-reaktif serta untuk mengontrol besarnya tegangan sistem. Namun demikian, dengan memasang alat kontrol tambahan, peralatan FACTS dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan redaman elektromekanik dan kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik sebagai fungsi sekundernya. Salah satu peralatan FACTS yang cukup populer saat ini adalah UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller). UPFC merupakan peralatan FACTS generasi ketiga. Peralatan ini menggabungkan kompensator shunt dan kapasitor seri statik menjadi satu peralatan dengan sistem kendali terpadu. UPFC memiliki kemampuan unik untuk mengendalikan aliran daya listrik dan tegangan secara simultan sehingga memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam meningkatkan redaman dan kestabilan sistem. Makalah ini menyelidiki aplikasi dari UPFC pada peningkatan kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik yang terinterkoneksi. Keefektifan dari peralatan tersebut dalam memperbaiki penampilan dinamik dan meningkatkan kestabilan suatu sistem tenaga telah dikonfirmasi melalui hasil-hasil perhitungan nilaieigen dan divalidasi dengan menggunakan simulasi domain-waktu.Kata kunci — FACTS, UPFC, Redaman, Kestabilan, Sistem Tenaga Listrik Abstract — This paper discusses an application of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) device in improving the stability of interconnected electric power system. FACTS devices are used primarily for controlling active- and/or reactive-power and also for voltage regulation. However, by employing some supplementary controllers, it can also be used for enhancing system electromechanical damping and stability as its secondary function. One of the most popular FACTS devices is UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller). UPFC is a third generation of FACTS device. This device combines the shunt compensator and static series capacitor as one device with a unified control system. UPFC has a unique ability in controlling simultaneously system power flow and voltage, and therefore, has a potential to be used for system damping and stability improvement. This paper investigates an application of UPFC in improving the stability of interconnected power system. The effectiveness of the device in enhancing system dynamic performance and stability has been confirmed through eigenvalue calculations and validated using time-domain simulations.Keywords— FACTS, UPFC, Damping, Stability, Electric Power System

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35

VENU, V. VIJAY y A. K. VERMA. "RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT FOR PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL PROCESS ENHANCEMENT MEASURES IN DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEMS USING ATC". International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 17, n.º 03 (junio de 2010): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539310003809.

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In this paper, beginning with a concise overview of the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) evaluation methods, we make a proposition for reliability management in the planning horizon of deregulated power systems through the concept of Adequacy Resiliency. The derived indices are meant as indicators of adaptability of power systems to ensure the required reliability levels. Improvements to this conceptualization upon the deployment of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are then put forward. We also explore the option of employing the created indices to the operational horizon of power systems, explaining the means of market enhancement. Core reliability issues arising out of the usage of FACTS are then discussed.

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36

Nikoobakht, Ahmad, Mohammad Mardaneh, Jamshid Aghaei, Victoria Guerrero-Mestre y Javier Contreras. "Flexible power system operation accommodating uncertain wind power generation using transmission topology control: an improved linearised AC SCUC model". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2017): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0704.

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37

Ethmane, I. A., A. K. Mahmoud, M. Maaroufi y A. Yahfdhou. "Transient stability enhancement of statcom integration in power grid". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp553-561.

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To solve load growth of a hybrid existing electrical system, we at first build generation stations (wind, solar or thermical). And secondly in 2025 year, when the system is so meshed, some buses will be very far from production energy, the transits power will be lower than the transmission capacity, and the voltage drop out margin limit of stability. Therefore it is proposed to install Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices to enhance the transient power stability and quality in the power system. The power flow analysis of Newton Raphson method is performed on a seven (7) bus system with and without static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM is a shunt connected FACTS devices that are useful for reactive power compensation and mitigation of power quality problems in transmission and distribution systems. These investigations indicate the need of power flow analysis and determine best locations of STATCOM on the proposed system. The results of simulation have been programmed in MATLAB and PSS/E Simulator. In the end the expected disturbances and the power quality enhancement of the network in the horizon 2025 were attenuated by integration of STATCOM that is able to supply or absorb reactive power and to maintain the voltage at 1pu.

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38

Habib, Chaib, Allaoui Tayeb, Brahami Mustapha y Mouloud Denai. "Modelling, Simulation and Fuzzy Self-Tuning Control of D-STATCOM in a Single Machine Infinite Bus Power System". Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180314141205.

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Background: In recent years, demand for electricity has increased considerably, while the expansion of generation and transmission has been very slow due to limited investment in resources and environmental restrictions. Methods: As a result, the power system becomes vulnerable to disturbances and instability. FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) technology has now been accepted as a potential solution to this problem. This paper deals with the modelling, simulation and fuzzy self-tuning control of a DSTATCOM to enhance the stability and improve the critical fault clearing time (CCT) in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB). A detailed modelling of the D-STATCOM and comprehensive derivation of the fuzzy logic self-tuning control is presented. Results: The dynamic performance of the power system with the proposed control scheme is validated through in a simulation study carried out under Matlab/Simulink and SimPowerSystems toolbox. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant enhancement of the power system stability under the simulated fault conditions considered.

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39

Mohamed Ibrahim, A. y C. Karthikeyan. "Predictive machine learning and data acquisition for power quality improvement in facts devices with optimum power flow control based on cross difference progression and coordination examining algorithm". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 18, n.º 01 (28 de agosto de 2019): 1941024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691319410248.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) present a decision to issue trouble relief for over-extended electric power transmission lines as a result of optimal power flow (OPF) by controlling. To keep away from conventional impacts among a few gadgets placed in a similar grid, an organized control is fundamental. To defeat the issues which happen in optimal power flow to actualize the cross difference progression and coordination inspects strategy, a supervisory controller giving difference progression power flow with numerous destinations is acquired for avoiding congestion, it gives secure transmission and farthest point dynamic power misfortunes. There is no information on gadgets that have been defined in this systematic control of Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled phase shifting Transformer (TCPST), static VAR compensator (SVC), all of these compensators providing efficient improvements and situations are described. Different optimization techniques are used as a part of the character to deal with the problem of OPF. In some experimental works, the upgrade method is used for finding out all of the fuel costs or the environmental pollution that occurs during the generation of energy. However, in some further research actions, FACTS controlled devices are used to develop the flow of electricity without considering the cost of electricity generation. While a specific end goal of using the FACTS control devices is to help optimize the congestion in the power system, it also aggregates the power loss which enhances the load capacity of the structure. The FACTS and its practical limitations are executed into the IEEE 30-bus test power framework and customized utilizing the Cross Difference Progression and Coordination Examining (CDP&CE) algorithm with MATLAB and the outcomes are given. Here, IoT-based data analytics is defined as the process, which is used to examine varied data from the bus system using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, the results of which help to take the necessary decisions. The effect of FACTS gadgets is implemented on standard IEEE-30 transmission framework with supporting numerical outcomes by utilizing MATLAB Software.

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40

Domahidi, A., B. Chaudhuri, P. Korba, R. Majumder y T. C. Green. "Self-tuning flexible ac transmission system controllers for power oscillation damping: a case study in real time". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 3, n.º 12 (2009): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0310.

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41

Ortega, Javier Santiago y Maria Cristina Tavares. "New perspectives about AC link based on half-wavelength properties for bulk power transmission with flexible distance". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, n.º 12 (10 de julio de 2018): 3005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1554.

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42

Lemdani, Soufiane y Habib Benbouhenni. "Improving Voltage Stability of Electrical Power System by Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using an Evolutionary Method". Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650116.

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In the present work, a new approach for improving voltage stability by optimal location of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices has been discussed. We used Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique to search the good placements of different FACTS systems in great electrical networks and its contribution to enhance voltage stability. Various FACTS devices were used in our study such as SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, TCVR, TCPST and UPFC. The search of optimal parameters of those devices has been also investigated. The method presented in the paper was tested by using Matlab/environment. In addition, the proposed method has been implemented and tested on various IEEE power systems; 14Bus, 57Bus, and 118Bus. The obtained results show the validity of the proposed method.

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43

Hassan, Sana Khalid Abdul y Firas Mohammed Tuaimah. "Optimal location of unified power flow controller genetic algorithm based". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp886-894.

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Now-a-days the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology is very effective in improving the power flow along the transmission lines and makes the power system more flexible and controllable. This paper deals with overload transmission system problems such as (increase the total losses, raise the rate of power generation, and the transmission line may be exposed to shut down when the load demand increase from the thermal limit of transmission line) and how can solve this problem by choosing the optimal location and parameters of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs). which was specified based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method, it was utilized to search for optimum FACT parameters setting and location based to achieve the following objectives: improve voltages profile, reduce power losses, treatment of power flow in overloaded transmission lines and reduce power generation. MATLAB was used for running both the GA program and Newton Raphson method for solving the load flow of the system The proposed approach is examined and tested on IEEE 30-bus system. The practical part has been solved through Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSS\E) software Version 32.0 (The Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software created from Siemens PTI to provide a system of computer programs and structured data files designed to handle the basic functions of power system performance simulation work, such as power flow, optimal power flow, fault analysis, dynamic simulations...etc.). The Comparative results between the experimental and practical parts obtained from adopting the UPFC where too close and almost the same under different loading conditions, which are (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the total load. can show that the total active power losses for the system reduce at 69.594% at normal case after add the UPFC device to the system. also the reactive power losses reduce by 75.483% at the same case as well as for the rest of the cases. in the other hand can noted the system will not have any overload lines after add UPFC to the system with suitable parameters.

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44

Nguyen, T. T., V. L. Nguyen y A. Karimishad. "Transient stability-constrained optimal power flow for online dispatch and nodal price evaluation in power systems with flexible AC transmission system devices". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 5, n.º 3 (2011): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0527.

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45

Nadeem, Muhammad, Kashif Imran, Abraiz Khattak, Abasin Ulasyar, Anamitra Pal, Muhammad Zulqarnain Zeb, Atif Naveed Khan y Malhar Padhee. "Optimal Placement, Sizing and Coordination of FACTS Devices in Transmission Network Using Whale Optimization Algorithm". Energies 13, n.º 3 (8 de febrero de 2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030753.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) play an important role in minimizing power losses and voltage deviations while increasing the real power transfer capacity of transmission lines. The extent to which these devices can provide benefits to the transmission network depend on their optimal location and sizing. However, finding appropriate locations and sizes of these devices in an electrical network is difficult since it is a nonlinear problem. This paper proposes a technique for the optimal placement and sizing of FACTS, namely the Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSCs), Shunt VARs Compensators (SVCs), and Unified Power Flows Controllers (UPFCs). To find the optimal locations of these devices in a network, weak buses and lines are determined by constructing PV curves of load buses, and through the line stability index. Then, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed not only to find an ideal ratings for these devices but also the optimal coordination of SVC, TCSC, and UPFC with the reactive power sources already present in the network (tap settings of transformers and reactive power from generators). The objective here is the minimization of the operating cost of the system that consists of active power losses and FACTS devices cost. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems. The presented technique is also compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The findings showed that total system operating costs and transmission line losses were considerably reduced by WOA as compared to existing metaheuristic optimization techniques.

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46

Agrawal, Hanuman P. y Hariom Bansal. "FACT Controllers and their Optimal Location: An Extensive Review". Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, n.º 8 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 1206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096513999200714102628.

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Background: The power industry has been evolving continuously and influenced by a competitive deregulated market. The crucial demand to maximize the efficiency of the existing equipment requires it’s proper management. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) are flexible devices, which provide dynamic control over the power system to cope with its dynamic nature. Methods: An extensive review is carried out on FACT devices covering its classification, importance, optimal placement and influence on the power systems. Results: In this paper, different techniques to identify the optimal location of placing FACT devices have been discussed and compared, as the placement of these devices in the power system is of utmost importance for its efficiency. Conclusion: This paper summarizes techniques available for optimal placement of FACTS devices in order to improve power system performance. It will serve as a ready reference for the future researchers in this field and help them in selecting the proper devices to carry out their work.

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47

Aghaei, Jamshid, Alireza Heidari, Mohammadreza Asban, Mahdi Zarei, Vassilios G. Agelidis y Sahand Ghavidel. "Determining potential stability enhancements of flexible AC transmission system devices using corrected transient energy function". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2016): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0849.

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48

Perron, Mathieu, Esmaeil Ghahremani, Annissa Heniche, Innocent Kamwa, Claude Lafond, Marcel Racine, Houssem Akremi, Philippe Cadieux, Simon Lebeau y Stéphane Landry. "Wide-area voltage control system of flexible AC transmission system devices to prevent voltage collapse". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, n.º 18 (21 de diciembre de 2017): 4556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0290.

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49

Ma, Jing, Tong Wang, James S. Thorp, A. G. Phadke y Zengping Wang. "Application of Wide-area Collocated Control Technique for Damping Inter-area Oscillations Using Flexible AC Transmission Systems Devices". Electric Power Components and Systems 39, n.º 13 (24 de agosto de 2011): 1452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2011.584112.

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50

Dutta, Susanta, Provas Kumar Roy y Debashis Nandi. "Quasi Oppositional Teaching-Learning based Optimization for Optimal Power Flow Incorporating FACTS". International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 5, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2016040104.

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In this paper, quasi-oppositional teaching-learning based optimization (QOTLBO) is introduced and successfully applied for solving an optimal power flow (OPF) problem in power system incorporating flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). The main drawback of the original teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) is that it gives a local optimal solution rather than the near global optimal one in limited iteration cycles. In this paper, opposition based learning (OBL) concept is introduced to improve the convergence speed and simulation results of TLBO. The effectiveness of the proposed method implemented with MATLAB and tested on modified IEEE 30-bus system in four different cases. The simulation results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed QOTLBO algorithm over other methods like conventional BBO and hybrid biogeography-based optimization (HDE-BBO). This method gives better solution quality in finding the optimal parameter settings for FACTS devices to solve OPF problems. The simulation study also shows that using FACTS devices, it is possible to improve the quality of the electric power supply thereby providing an economically attractive solution to power system problems.

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