Bibliografías temáticas / Electrical energy taxes

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Bojnec, Štefan, and Drago Papler. "Deregulation of Electricity Market and Drivers of Demand for Electrical Energy in Industry." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 3 (2016): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0021.

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Abstract This paper investigates deregulation of electricity market focusing on electricity prices and drivers of demand for electrical energy in industry in Slovenia. The patterns in evolution of real electricity price developments and the three main components of the electricity price are calculated: liberalized market share for purchased electricity price, regulated infrastructure share for use of electricity network grids and mandatory state charges in the sale of electricity (duty, excise duty and value-added tax). To calculate the real value of electricity prices, producer price index of
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Simpson, Michael. "“Is Renewable Energy Affordable?” By Derek George Birkett; Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. (2019). Price £58.99 ISBN (10): 1-5275-2046-3; ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2046-2." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071969.

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This book is written by a retired grid engineer and deals with renewable sources of energy and the instability of the electrical distribution grid. Derek Birkett carefully goes through the arguments about the electrical supply and the effect of intermittent and variable renewable sources of energy on grid stability. As a result of investment in renewable energy and the increasing costs of carbon taxes levied on fossil fuel fired generation, the government has created a situation which is very expensive for consumers and industry, and is unsustainable. The government has intervened in the energ
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Olsen, Daniel J., Yury Dvorkin, Ricardo Fernandez-Blanco, and Miguel A. Ortega-Vazquez. "Optimal Carbon Taxes for Emissions Targets in the Electricity Sector." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 6 (2018): 5892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2827333.

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Bashir, Muhammad Farhan, Benjiang MA, Muhammad Shahbaz, Umer Shahzad, and Xuan Vinh Vo. "Unveiling the heterogeneous impacts of environmental taxes on energy consumption and energy intensity: Empirical evidence from OECD countries." Energy 226 (July 2021): 120366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120366.

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Nakano, Katsuyuki, and Ken Yamagishi. "Impact of Carbon Tax Increase on Product Prices in Japan." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071986.

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The introduction or strengthening of a carbon tax is being considered in many countries as an economic policy instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is no study analyzing the impact of a carbon tax increase in a uniform method for various products, reflecting the energy taxes and exemptions. Therefore, this study analyzes the price changes of products associated with the introduction of a stronger carbon tax, using Japan as an example. A process-based life cycle assessment database was used to enable a detailed product-level analysis. Five scenarios with different
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O’Driscoll, Eoin, Dónal Óg Cusack, and Garret E. O’Donnell. "The Characterisation of Energy Consumption in Manufacturing Facilities – A Hierarchical Approach." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 6 (2013): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0727.

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The continuing inflation of energy costs coupled with the imminent implementation of environmental taxes have placed the manufacturing sector under significant pressure to increase energy performance and reduce emissions. In order to alleviate the impact of this energy price rise, more and more research is focusing on the efficient utilisation of energy. In order to quantify the impact of any energy efficient machine tool or facility optimisations it is first necessary to robustly measure, map, and record the initial energy requirements. A hierarchical approach to the quantification and charac
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Rosa, Marlison Noronha, Yan Machado Sousa, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro Hora, Katia Kopp, and Getulio Antero de Deus Junior. "Environmental Education and Energy Efficiency as Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Public School Building in Goiânia." International Journal on Alive Engineering Education 6 (April 2, 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ijaeedu.v6.54740.

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Electrical energy is essential for the quality of life of people, who use it in different socioeconomic activities and for technological development. In view of the gradual increase in the demand for electricity and the future possibility of not serving all the consumer sectors, it is necessary to optimize it. The objective of this study was the application of strategies based on the pillars of energy efficiency and environmental education in order to minimize the expenditure of electric energy in public buildings, which were selected for this project due to the fact that, its users show a lac
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Ortega-Gil, Manuela, Georgina Cortés-Sierra, and Chaima ElHichou-Ahmed. "The Effect of Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, and the European Green Deal Tools on Life Satisfaction." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185839.

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Environmental issues, sustainability, and climate change have become the targets of many policies from international and governmental organizations including the EU’s European Green Deal action plan. This plan provides tools to address them—which include support for the circular economy, implementation of energy and environmental taxes, and investment in environmental protection—with the aim of favoring the well-being of EU citizens. In this context, this study analyses the impact of several parameters (environmental matters, global warming, circular economy, energy and environmental taxes, an
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Cabeza-Gras, O., and V. Jaramillo-García. "Wind energy system in Ambocas-Ecuador: distributed generation and energy quality." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.361.

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In this communication we present the construction of a wind farm, WF, with 10 MW of nominal power. This WF will increase the quantity and quality of electricity in the area of Ambocas, Loja, Ecuador, strengthen a system with many voltage drops. The place chosen is ideal, because it is long from population, in a hill side near an existing road. Wind is persistent and has a constant orientation all along the year. The generated power will be connected with the electricity system in the Portovelo Substation, which is about 12 km from the WF site. We have calculated the expected electricity produc
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Østergaard, Poul Alberg, and Anders N. Andersen. "Variable taxes promoting district heating heat pump flexibility." Energy 221 (April 2021): 119839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119839.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Carção, João Francisco de Castro. "Tarifas de energia elétrica no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-31102011-121410/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o desenvolvimento da indústria da energia elétrica brasileira, a formação e composição das tarifas de energia elétrica e suas implicações e reflexos na economia em geral. Nesse sentido foi feito um breve histórico dessa indústria desde o ano de 1.993, que foi o ano em que se migrou de uma regulação de tarifas pelo sistema denominado custo do serviço para o sistema regulatório denominado price cap, ou seja, preços máximos pelo sistema de incentivos. Foi analisada essa linha regulatória que passou basicamente por dois governos sucessivos,
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Tavares, Adilson de Lima. "O impacto dos custos n?o-gerenci?veis na determina??o das tarifas de energia el?trica: um estudo nas companhias distribuidoras do nordeste que tiveram revis?o tarif?ria nos exerc?cios de 2003 e 2004." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18178.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdilsonLT.pdf: 357423 bytes, checksum: 891f79b8b20c98062f6b6425fdf20178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-09<br>This work presents results derived from a study related to impact on non-controllable costs in the determination of energy taxes. This is done analyzing tax review practiced by concessionaries responsible for the distribution of electrical energy located in the Northeastern Region of Brazil, between 2003 and 2004. This Region was chosen as a study area due to the researcher s expectation in congregating
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Paccola, José Angelo. "Tarifas horosazonais no Brasil = perspectivas de inovações metodológicas e estudo de caso na CPFL." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263075.

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Orientadores: Sergio Valdir Bajay, Gilberto De Martino Jannuzzi<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:38:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paccola_JoseAngelo_M.pdf: 1894026 bytes, checksum: 35049932286f9b2cae4ab204843bfb40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Durante as últimas décadas, têm-se introduzido poucas modificações no setor elétrico brasileiro no que se refere às novas modalidades de tarifas para os consumidores finais. As mudanças mais radicais foram implantadas no início da
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Mello, Igoor Morro. "Fast charging stations placement and electric network connection methodology for electric taxis in urban zones." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155892.

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Orientador: Antonio Padilha Feltrin<br>Abstract: In recent years, the use of electric vehicles in urban zones has been intensified. As a policy of increasing the penetration of electric vehicles and reducing air pollution, electric taxis have been introduced into transportation systems. They need special attention because of its different driving patterns. In contrast to private electric vehicles, which can be recharged for a long period, electric taxis need to recharge only for a short time due to their constant operation. Therefore, fast charging stations are required to meet the demand for
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Sales, Julio Cesar Ferreira. "Avaliação de processo de revisão tarifaria pedriodica das concessionarias de distribuição de energia eletrica no Brasil." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264484.

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Orientador: Sergio Valdir Bajay<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sales_JulioCesarFerreira_M.pdf: 3084346 bytes, checksum: b1e7ffdddc91e01a1778fd2c01b950b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: A dissertação tem origem nas avaliações da regulação econômica do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil, a partir do processo de revisão tarifária periódica implementada pela ANEEL que considera a metodologia de "reposicionamento tarifário". Essa metodologia
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Pizeta, Evandro Gonçalves. "Análise da regulamentação do suprimento de energia elétrica aos pólos industriais como fator de competitividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-11032010-104609/.

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Os pólos industriais são uma realidade no Brasil, mas, do ponto de vista da legislação, carecem de um tratamento específico e claro, particularmente com relação ao compartilhamento da infra-estrutura e aquisição de insumos energéticos. A falta de clareza na regulamentação brasileira abre espaço para interpretações divergentes com relação ao suprimento energético, que muitas vezes acaba prejudicando a captura de sinergias e ganhos de escala nos pólos industriais, principalmente para as empresas menores. Este cenário gera incerteza com relação aos preços finais de energia e reduz, de forma artif
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Gunn, Laura Keiko. "Precificação de contratoas inflexiveis de energia eletrica : rentabilidade e impacto de encargos e tibutos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264546.

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Orientador: Paulo de Barros Correia<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gunn_LauraKeiko_M.pdf: 1583377 bytes, checksum: e52a2c75ca2747b05b0bec70808046ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: A precificação de contratos de energia elétrica no mercado brasileiro é um tema cuja dificuldade decorre principalmente por ser um mercado novo, sem um longo histórico de preços. Esta dissertação oferece uma contribuição situada em dois focos: a precificação de
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Casagrande, Cristiano Gomes. "Alocação de capacitores e ajuste de tapes para minimização de perdas em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2548.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T17:53:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianogomescasagrande.pdf: 637689 bytes, checksum: 8110c0aa199d98fa3f68855ccb257b82 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:27:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianogomescasagrande.pdf: 637689 bytes, checksum: 8110c0aa199d98fa3f68855ccb257b82 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianogomescasagrande.pdf: 637689 bytes, checksum: 8110c0aa199d98fa3f68855ccb257b82 (MD5) Pr
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Amaral, Filho Jose Bonifacio de Souza 1953. "A reforma do setor eletrico brasileiro e a questão da modicidade tarifaria." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285825.

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Orientador: Jose Carlos de Souza Braga<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T20:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmaralFilho_JoseBonifaciodeSouza_D.pdf: 2626394 bytes, checksum: c6e3bbfd2e9421ef9fc7a39011ad2072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma visão geral da reforma e evolução recente do setor elétrico brasileiro e mostra que, não obstante as mudanças já promovidas, alguns problemas não resolvidos e limitações estruturais apontam para dificuldades de suprimento e custos
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Libros sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Hadley, Stanton W. The impact of carbon taxes or allowances on the electric generation market in the Ohio and ECAR Region. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1998.

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Montoya, Milton Fernando. The Coal Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the need to promote and implement technologies that allow the efficient and low production of carbon dioxide emissions generated by coal-fired power plants in Colombia. This takes place in a context where the country seeks to guarantee the reliability and energy security of the electric system. Besides, in seeking to honour the commitments made in matters of greenhouse gas reduction according to the COP21 Paris Agreement. Thus, in the Colombian case, where dependence on hydraulic technology is evident, it is necessary to boost thermal generation, using available energy r
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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Aymen, Flah, Habib Kraiem, and Lassaad Sbita. "Modeling and Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5788-4.ch021.

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The transportation systems have become more electrified, and the major countries of the world program using electric scooters, electric bicycles, electric trains, electric buses, and electric vehicles for their transport. The traditional energy resource stocks are still decreasing rapidly, which makes the world afraid about the future of the transport sector. Therefore, several international restrictions and laws have limited using this kind of energy in relation to the transport sector by encouraging public transport and making a high taxes for the highly energy-consuming cars. The robustness and the efficiency of transportation systems designs are related especially to the internal electric motor and to the battery capacity used. From the other side, the energy management problem presents a serious factor that must be optimized in order to guarantee the overall efficiency and rentability. This chapter explores the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles.
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Volodymyr, Kozyrskyi, Gai Oleksandr, Sinyavsky Oleksandr, Vitaliy Savchenko, and Makarevich Svitlana. "Optimization of Sectionalization Parameters of Distributive Electric Networks." In Handbook of Research on Smart Computing for Renewable Energy and Agro-Engineering. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1216-6.ch004.

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The reliability of electrical consumers depends on the presence of sectioning devices in electrical network distribution. Determining the number and installation sites of sectioning machines is an important optimization problem, based on a comparison of the cost of installing devices and reducing the damage to consumers from an undersupply of electricity. A mathematical model is proposed to determine the cost-effectiveness of installing partitioning switching devices for networks with a means of increasing reliability. This allows for the choice when installing switching devices not only meets an economic criterion (in the form of reducing damage to the power supply system as a whole), but also takes into account the change in the duration of downtime of local consumers.
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Sahraoui, Bouchta, Adil Eddiai, Mounir Meddad, et al. "Functionalization of Specific Electrostrictive Polymers for High Power Harvesting." In Innovative Materials and Systems for Energy Harvesting Applications. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8254-2.ch014.

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The energy harvesting based on electrostrictive polymers has great potential for remote applications such as in vivo sensors, embedded micro-electro-mechanical systems devices. The harvested energy and action are controlled by the permittivity, the Young's modulus and their dependence on frequency and level of stress. One should use a model which takes into account mechanical losses in order to obtain efficient devices. This chapter provides a brief overview of the methods for harvesting mechanical to electrical energy using elestrostrictive polymer. The second paragraph presents two new techniques which enable the improvement of the electromechanical performance of electrostrictive polymers in order to demonstrate their potential for the vibrational energy recovery. Based on the strong relationship between the frequency of operation and the mechanical strain from one could improve the electromechanical conversion. The development of a new prototype based on electrostrictive polymers for increasing the conversion AC–DC power is discussed.
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Viola, Fabio, Pietro Romano, and Rosario Miceli. "Rainfall Energy Harvester." In Innovative Materials and Systems for Energy Harvesting Applications. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8254-2.ch005.

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This chapter provides a detailed study on the harvest of the energy contained in raindrops by means of piezoelectric transducers. The energy harvester has the role of an electric source, able to recharge storage devices of small electronic components, such wireless sensors, by using the vibrational energy released by the drops hitting the transducer, reducing in such a way the chemical waste of conventional batteries. In technical literature, diverse studies agree on the level of suitable generated voltage on the electrodes of a piezoelectric transducer subjected to rainfall, but a complete characterization on the supplied power is still missing. This work, also to limit optimistic forecasts, takes into account the behavior of the transducers in different scenarios: subjected to real and artificial rainfall, standalone or in parallel configuration, in conventional geometries, due to the commercial format or in customized shape, free to move or with an imposed optimal deflection.
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Oriakhi, Christopher O. "Fundamentals of Electrochemistry." In Chemistry in Quantitative Language. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367997.003.0027.

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Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. A galvanic (or voltaic) cell is a chemical system that uses an oxidation–reduction reaction to convert chemical energy into electrical energy (hence it is also known as an electrochemical cell). This process is the opposite of electrolysis (explained in section 23.10), wherein electrical energy is used to bring about chemical changes. The two systems are similar in that both are redox processes; in both, the oxidation takes place at one electrode, the anode, while reduction occurs at the cathode. Figure 23-1 shows a galvanic cell, indicating the half-reactions at the two electrodes. Electrons flow through the external circuit from the anode (Zn) to the cathode (Cu). The overall reaction, which is obtained by adding the anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions, is: . . .Zn(s)+Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s). . . This cell has a potential of 1.10 V (see next section). The potential energy of electrons at the anode is higher than at the cathode. This difference in potential is the driving force that propels electrons through the external circuit. The cell potential (Ecell) is a measure of the potential difference between the two half-cells. It is also known as the electromotive force (emf) of the cell, or, since it is measured in volts, the cell voltage. An electrochemical cell consists of two half-reactions at different potentials, which are known as electrode potentials. The electrode potential for the oxidation half-reaction is called the oxidation potential. Similarly, for the reduction half-reaction, we have the reduction potential. The potential of a galvanic cell is determined by the concentrations of the species in solution, the partial pressures of any gaseous reactants or products, and the reaction temperature. When the electrochemical measurement is carried out under standard-state conditions, the cell potential is called the standard electrode potential and is given the symbol E0. The standard conditions include a concentration of 1 M, gaseous partial pressure of 1 atm, and a temperature of 25°C. It is impossible to measure the absolute potential value of a single electrode, since every oxidation is accompanied by a reduction. Therefore any measurement is carried out against a reference electrode.
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"State-of-the-Art Review on Power Electronics." In Technologies for Electrical Power Conversion, Efficiency, and Distribution. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-647-6.ch012.

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During 1991-2004 years, International Workshop on the Future of Electronic Power Processing and Conversion (FEPPCON) held four times with the support of IEEE Power Electronics Society. The main purpose is to outline the possibilities of development in different fields during the next period as a result of the discussions. At the last meeting held in Italy, the tendency to increase the role of Power Electronics during the next 25-30 years in the processes of energy conversion has been confirmed (Blaabjerg, 2005). Special attention is paid to the role of Power Electronics at a system energy conversion level, because it is not in the position to dictate the trends in the development of this level. Nevertheless, without the power electronics tools, future serious achievements in power processing are impossible. Therefore, the power electronics implantation at a system level at a system energy conversion level is an issue of the efforts of the specialists in this field (Agrawal, 2001). This, of course, imposes also some changes and adaptation towards Power electronics role also in the process of schooling of specialists paying attention mainly to multidisciplinary of Power Electronics. For example, a necessity of further tuition in electrochemistry, mechanics, physics (especially electromagnetic and thermal processes), etc, is outlined. Remote access to complex power electronics laboratory equipment and the possibility of remotely driving experiments and measurement is represented (Rodriguez, 2009). Power Electronics takes a significant part in the following systems: Generic Systems; Energy Storage; Power Systems, including Alternative Energy Supply; Automotive Systems (Bose, 2009).
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Makdisie, Carlo, Badia Haidar, and Hassan Haes Alhelou. "An Optimal Photovoltaic Conversion System for Future Smart Grids." In Handbook of Research on Power and Energy System Optimization. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3935-3.ch018.

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Smart grid technology is the key for a reliable and efficient use of distributed energy resources. Amongst all the renewable sources, solar power takes the prominent position due to its availability in abundance. In this chapter, the authors present smart grid infrastructure issues and integrating solar PV-sourced electricity in the smart grid. Smart grid has many features, including reliability, flexibility on network topology, efficiency, sustainability, and market-enabling. The authors select a photovoltaic active power line conditioner as a case study. This line conditioner is a device designed to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic (PV) system and to compensate the nonlinear and unbalanced loads of the electrical power systems. The performance of the PV conditioner with the neuro-fuzzy control designed has been analyzed through a simulation platform.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "OTEC Economics." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0015.

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The economic contribution that OTEC will make to the solution of the nation’s energy problems depends on its perceived merits relative to existing and alternative sources of energy and fuels. The previous chapters have shown that OTEC technology is ready for large-scale demonstrations that will provide a firm basis for commercial development. OTEC can have a large impact on U.S. energy needs by supplying liquid fuels for direct use in transportation, or for electric power production via fuel cells. Its commercial development will depend finally on political and other factors that cannot be assessed quantitatively. The national security and environmental impacts of continuing dependence on oil should receive major emphasis in decisions to implement new processes for fuel production. In this chapter we review the estimated sales prices of fuels and electric power from existing and proposed sources and compare them with OTEC prices. Actual manufacturing costs are generally unavailable and are highly dependent on the financing methods and resources of the individual producer. However, an objective comparison of the sales prices of fuels produced by proposed processes can be made by using the Mossman financial analysis method to estimate the sales price of fuel or electric power that must be charged for profitable operation. This requires only information on the plant investment, input fuel costs, and operation and maintenance costs. The sensitivity of the product costs to changes in the estimates in plant investment can then be displayed in a suitable graph. With this procedure the alternatives can be equitably compared from a uniform point of view. This includes costs of related facilities as well as the plant investment. See the discussion in Section 7.3. These costs vary with time in an unpredictable manner. Past forecasts have been in error by large factors. These costs are a small part of the total, typically a few percent of plant investment for capital-intensive projects. Environmental impact costs have usually been ignored. These items are a few percent of plant investment. State and local property taxes will be zero for sea-based OTEC systems.
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"Flashover and Surface Charge in GIL Insulator." In Electrical Insulation Breakdown and Its Theory, Process, and Prevention. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8885-6.ch002.

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Many works have been studies in order to improve flashover voltage in GIL insulator. Under DC, the insulator electric field is decided by the conductivity and surface charge distribution. This chapter takes cone-type insulator as research object and then finds the characteristics of flashover, surface charge accumulation, and the interface electric field regulation (IER) of epoxy (EP)-/graphene (GR)-coated insulator. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the uniform surface charge of monopole is conducive by reduce peak field and flashover voltage. Among them, that of 0.1% EP/GR possesses the highest flashover voltage. With the SiC content and coating thickness enhancement of IER insulator, the electric field regulation of EP/SiC-coated insulator becomes notable, due to energy loss and increasing leakage current. The results show that insulator coated by EP/SiC can reach higher flashover voltage than uncoated insulator and enhanced SiC content contributes to improve the flashover voltage.
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Llewellyn Smith, Chris, and David Ward. "Fusion energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0009.

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Fusion powers the Sun and stars, and is potentially an environmentally responsible and intrinsically safe source of essentially limitless energy on earth. Experiments at the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, which has produced 16MW of fusion power, and at other facilities, have shown that fusion can be mastered on earth. Fusion power is still being developed, and will not be available as soon as we would like. We are confident that it will be possible to build viable fusion power stations, and it looks as if the cost of fusion power will be reasonable. But time is needed to further develop the technology in order to ensure that it would be reliable and economical, and to test in power station conditions the materials that would be used in its construction. Assuming no major surprises, an orderly fusion development programme— properly organized and funded—could lead to a prototype fusion power station putting electricity into the grid within 30 years, with commercial fusion power following some ten or more years later. A fusion power station is effectively a tiny ‘artificial sun’. Reactions between light atomic nuclei in which a heavier nucleus is formed with the release of energy are called fusion reactions. The reaction of primary interest as a source of power on Earth involves two isotopes of hydrogen (Deuterium and Tritium) fusing to form helium and a neutron: . . . D + T → 4He + n + energy (17.6 million electric volts [Me V]) (7.1) . . . Energy is liberated because Helium-4 is very tightly bound: it takes the form of kinetic energy, shared 14.1 MeV/3.5MeV between the neutron and the Helium-4 nucleus (a chemical reaction typically releases ∼1 eV [electron volt], which is the energy imparted to an electron when accelerated through 1 volt). To initiate the fusion reaction (1), a gas of deuterium and tritium must be heated to over 100 million◦C (henceforth: M◦C)—ten times hotter than the core of the Sun. At a few thousand degrees, inter-atomic collisions knock the electrons out of the atoms to form a mixture of separated nuclei and electrons known as a plasma.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Steenkamp, L. A. "Transitioning to Clean Energy - An Overview of Energy Taxes in BRICS." In 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2019.8890150.

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Zhao, Yiqi, Yinliang Xu, Ye Guo, and Qinglai Guo. "Reinforcement Learning Based Optimal Operation Strategy for Electric Taxis." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei250167.2020.9346984.

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Tseng, Chien-Ming, and Chi-Kin Chau. "Viability Analysis of Electric Taxis Using New York City Dataset." In e-Energy '17: The Eighth International Conference on Future Energy Systems. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077839.3078463.

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Kuschenko, Egor A., Ekaterina P. Kurbatova, Timofey A. Zolotarev, and Mikhail A. Sysoev. "Magnetic Bearing with HTS Tapes for Flywheel Energy Storage System." In 2021 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/reepe51337.2021.9388062.

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You, Pengcheng, Steven H. Low, Zaiyue Yang, Yongmin Zhang, and Lingkun Fu. "Real-time recommendation algorithm of battery swapping stations for electric taxis." In 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741620.

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Li, Jing, Zhihan Liu, and Fangchun Yang. "A Multi-Objective Path Planning Method for Electric Taxis with Energy-Constrained." In Second International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413036.234.

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Luo, Zhaozhi, Qingquan Qiu, Zhihao Zhou, et al. "Overcurrent limiting and quench recovery characteristics of superconducting tapes utilized in SFCLT under AC impact." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cieec50170.2021.9510866.

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Hu, Li, Lei Zhang, Tao Wang, and Kai Li. "Optimal Configuration of Energy Storage Capacity for Fast Charging Stations Oriented to Electric Taxis." In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164482.

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Ye, Songqin, and Huan Yang. "Benefit Analysis of Receivables Securitization in Electric Heating Industry-Takes Tianfu energy as an Example." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management, Education Technology and Economics (ICMETE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmete-19.2019.37.

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Rusinski, Jacek, Sylwia Hajdasz, and Adam Kempski. "Analysis of recovery time under load conditions and energy dissipation of superconducting tapes with electrical insulation for SFCL applications." In 2019 Progress in Applied Electrical Engineering (PAEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paee.2019.8788992.

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Informes sobre el tema "Electrical energy taxes"

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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe
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