Literatura académica sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Dekker, Dick y Greg Slatter. "Wolf, Canis lupus, Avoidance Behaviour of American Elk, Cervus elaphus, in Jasper National Park, Alberta". Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2009): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i3.970.
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An American Elk calf (Cervus elaphus) that was captured near human habitation in Jasper National Park, Alberta, was fitted with a radio-collar and released 40 km away in the park's main valley of the Athabasca River. The calf joined a local herd of elk, and its radio signal revealed that the elk, in two months' time, travelled eight times back and forth between the herd's traditional semi-open winter range at Devona and a largely wooded area at Rocky River >3 km away. Each time, on their trans-valley route the elk crossed a busy highway, a railway, and a partly frozen river. Sightings of elk and Wolves (Canis lupus) were inversely correlated on 97 days of observation at Devona. We conclude that the elk's migrations were prompted by their urge to avoid and flee from Wolves, which were common at both locations.
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Lussier, C., V. Veiga y S. Baldwin. "The geochemistry of selenium associated with coal waste in the Elk River Valley, Canada". Environmental Geology 44, n.º 8 (1 de noviembre de 2003): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0833-y.
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Tankersley, Kenneth B. y Nichelle Lyle. "Holocene faunal procurement and species response to climate change in the Ohio River valley". North American Archaeologist 40, n.º 4 (octubre de 2019): 192–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693119889256.
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This paper examines the temporal distribution of 163 distinct species recovered from 21 well-dated Holocene age archaeological sites in the Ohio River valley to determine patterns of faunal resource procurement and their response to periods of climate change. Climate change proxies include bison, long-billed curlew, pine marten, porcupine, prairie vole, and swamp rabbit. While the rice rat may be a proxy of climate change, its initial appearance in the Archaic cultural period co-occurs with storable starchy and oily seed crops such as erect knotweed, little barley, marsh elder, maygrass, and sunflower. Subsistence proxies that transcend climate change include variety of aquatic (bass/sunfish, buffalo, channel catfish, freshwater drum, gar, mussels, snails, snapping and spiny softshell turtles, and river redhorse sucker), avian (blue-wing teal, Canada goose, and turkey), and terrestrial species (dog, eastern cotton-tail, elk, gray and fox squirrels, opossum, raccoon, timber rattlesnake, and woodchuck). Caldwell’s Primary Forest Efficiency remains a valid theoretical model of Holocene subsistence strategy in the Ohio River valley.
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Sanders, Diane. "Jackson Hole Wildlife Park: An Experiment to Bridge Tourism and Conservation". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 36 (1 de enero de 2013): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2013.3985.
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From a vantage point on a rise above the Snake River, the valley below is shrouded in darkness. A faint glow on the eastern horizon heralds the dawn. The only sound comes from the river as water gurgles over rocks and other impediments. As the sky grows brighter, the shadows in the valley begin to take form, revealing numerous small streams that braid through dense thickets of willows and other shrubbery before returning to the main river channel. Small dark shapes dart among the trees and shrubs, filling the air with a variety of birdsongs. As the rising sun gradually illuminates the valley a herd of elk rise, one-by-one, in a distant meadow and begin grazing on the spring grasses. Moments later a cow moose and her calf emerge from behind the willows at the waterâs edge, scattering the birds. This area, with its mosaic of habitats, teems with wildlife. It is not surprising, then, that this upper part of Jackson Hole became the chosen site for the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park (JHWP) and became the Parkâs main animal viewing area for tourists and scientists alike.
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Dekker, Dick. "Declines of Bighorn Sheep, Ovis canadensis, on Deteriorating Winter Range in Jasper National Park, Alberta, 1981-2010". Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2009): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i2.931.
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Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) wintering in the lower Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, Alberta, were monitored from 1981 to 2010 by recording maximum band sizes per annum on two traditional but separate sheep ranges. In study area #1, the ram band declined significantly from a 20-year mean of 18 in the period 1981-2001 to a 5-year mean of 11 in the period 2001-2006, with a slight recovery in 2006-2010. Ewes in area #1 dwindled from a mean of 20 in the period 1981-1995 to zero in the period 1995-2010. In area #2, the ewe band dropped significantly from a mean of 40 in the period 1981-2001 to 24 in the period 2001-2010. The declines in area #1 coincided with an invasion of Russian Thistle (Salsola kali). Range conditions in area #2 deteriorated following four years with lower than average annual precipitation. The mean lamb:ewe ratio in area #2, pooled for 29 years, was 22:100 (n = 646). The sheep were protected from hunting, but were subject to a full range of indigenous carnivores. However, predation did not appear to be the primary cause of the declines, nor was competition for forage with American Elk (Cervus elaphus).
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Savoia, Elena, Leesa Lin y Kasisomayajula Viswanath. "Sources of Information During the 2014 West Virginia Water Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Survey". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, n.º 2 (9 de septiembre de 2016): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.98.
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AbstractObjectiveOn January 9, 2014, a faulty storage tank leaked 10,000 gallons of an industrial coal-processing liquid into the Elk River in West Virginia, contaminating the drinking water of 9 counties collectively known as the Kanawha Valley. In the context of this event, we explored the relationship between social determinants and (1) the timeliness with which residents learned about the crisis, (2) the source of information, (3) opinions on the source of information, (4) information-seeking behaviors, and (5) knowledge acquired.MethodsBetween February 7 and 26, 2014, we conducted a survey of 690 adult residents of West Virginia. Descriptive statistics and multivariable statistical models were performed.ResultsInformation about water contamination spread quickly, with 88% of respondents from the affected counties hearing about the incident on the same day it occurred. Most people received the information from local television news (73%); social media users had 120% increased odds of knowing about the recommended behaviors. People who had a favorable opinion of the source of information demonstrated better knowledge of recommended behaviors.ConclusionsThe use of local television news during a crisis is important for timely dissemination of information. Information exposure across segments of the population differed on the basis of the population’s background characteristics. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:196–206)
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Evans, Stephen G. "The 1946 Mount Colonel Foster rock avalanche and associated displacement wave, Vancouver Island, British Columbia". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1989): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-057.
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The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake (M = 7.2) triggered a rock avalanche from the north face of Mount Colonel Foster, central Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Approximately 1.5 × 106 m3 of Triassic volcaniclastic rocks detached from between el. 1965 m and el. 1600 m. Although just over half of this volume was deposited in the upper part of the track above el. 1080 m, approximately 0.7 × 106 m3 descended the lower part of the track and entered the waters of Landslide Lake at el. 890 m. The resultant displacement wave ran up a maximum vertical distance of 51 m on the opposite shore and the wave crest was about 29 m high when it spilled over the lip of the lake. Water displaced during the event destroyed forest in the upper reaches of the Elk River valley up to 3 km from Landslide Lake. The wave at Landslide Lake is comparable to other waves generated by similar magnitude rock avalanches in Peru and Norway and it is the largest recorded in the Canadian Cordillera. The case history illustrates the conditions where substantial damage may be caused by a rock avalanche well beyond the limits of its debris when it produces a landslide-generated wave in the mountainous terrain of the Cordillera. Key words: rock avalanche, earthquake-induced landslides, landslide-generated waves, mountains.
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Baldwin, Susan A. y Al Henry Hodaly. "Selenium Uptake by a Coal Mine Wetland Sediment". Water Quality Research Journal 38, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2003): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.031.
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Abstract Sediment from a wetland receiving runoff from a coal mine waste dump in the Elk River Valley of southeast British Columbia was assessed for potential selenium uptake. Selenite [SeO32-, Se(IV)] was found to adsorb to the washed sediment at pH 7 to 8, whereas no selenate [SeO42-, Se(VI)] was adsorbed, in the concentration range of 8 to 225 μg L-1 Se as selenite or selenate. Sulfate- and selenate-reducing bacterial activity was detected in the sediment. In the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 619(±53) μg L-1 to 15(±0.7) μg L-1, and in the presence of selenate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 364(±66) mg L-1 to 22(±10) mg L-1. Semi-continuous microcosms containing sediment overlaid with selenate (500 μg L-1 Se) and sulfate (0.9 g L-1) containing water were amended with plant debris from the site or nutrients (lactate and fertilizer). Potential selenate reduction rate (0.76 h-1) was highest in the unamended microcosms. Amendment with plant debris from the site had a negative effect on selenate reduction rate in the short term (after one hour) and a positive effect on Se removal in the long term (after one week). This study suggests that wetland sediments at the mine site may be important sinks for Se.
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Boyce, Mark y Jean-Michel Gaillard. "Wolves in Yellowstone, Jackson Hole, and the North Fork of the Shoshone River: Simulating Ungulate Consequences of Wolf Revovery". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (1 de enero de 1991): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2951.
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The gray wolf (Canis lupus) was extirpated from Yellowstone National Park by U.S. Government personnel during 1914-1926. Since then, occasional reports of wolves in Yellowstone National Park have been recorded (Weaver 1978), but no recent records exist of wolves breeding in the park. In recent years, public attitudes towards predators have changed such that predators are more commonly viewed as an integral component of natural ecosystems (see e.g., Mech 1970, Despain et al. 1986, Dunlap 1988). An increasing proportion of the American public desires that wolves be reestablished in Yellowstone National Park (McNaught 1987, Bath 1991). ln 1987, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approved a Recovery Plan for the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1987). Before proceeding with wolf recovery, however, Congress appropriated funds in 1988 and 1989 and directed that studies be conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service to determine the effects of wolf recovery on ungulate populations. Boyce (1990) developed a predator-prey model for ungulate populations in Yellowstone National Park as a part of this Congressional charge to determine the probable outcome of wolf recovery. Our purpose is to expand upon the simulation model of Boyce (1990) to predict the probable consequences of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park to ungulate populations in Jackson Hole and along the North Fork of the Shoshone River. As in the previous model, this model allows the user to choose among several likely management scenarios. By manipulating alternatives, the user of the model can explore the consequences of management actions. In particular, it is essential to be able to anticipate if wolves will be culled if they leave the parks, if poaching can be controlled within the park, and if hunting for bison and elk will continue in the Yellowstone River valley north of Gardiner, Montana. Any such model must incorporate the natural variability in the environment, because the vagaries of climate can have enormous effects on ecological processes. Therefore, the model is a stochastic one, i.e., it contains random variation in climatic variables. Such stochastic model structure is important because it helps to educate the user that it is impossible to predict precisely the consequences of wolf recovery. It is not the purpose of this effort to offer recommendations for whether wolf recovery should take place, but rather to provide resource managers with an additional tool which will assist them in making that decision.
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Riedel, J. L. "Deglaciation of the North Cascade Range, Washington and British Columbia, from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene". Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 43, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2017): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3236.
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Glacial retreat from the North Cascade Range after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at approximately 21 ka until the end of the Pleistocene at 11.6 ka was complex and included both continental and alpine glaciers. Alpine valley glaciers reached their maximum extent before 21.4 ka, then underwent a punctuated retreat to valley heads. In the south, beyond the reach of ice sheet glaciation, several end moraines were deposited after the LGM. Moraines marking a re-advance of alpine glaciers to <5 km below modern glaciers were deposited from 13.7 to 11.6 ka.The Cordilleran Ice Sheet flowed south from near 52° north latitude in British Columbia into the North Cascades. At its maximum size the ice sheet covered more than 500 km2 and had a surface elevation of 2200 m in upper Skagit valley. Deglaciation commenced about 16 ka by frontal retreat of ice flanking the mountains. Surface lowering eventually exposed regional hydrologic divides and stranded ice masses more than 1000 m thick in valleys. Isolated fragments of the ice sheet disintegrated rapidly from 14.5 to 13.5 ka, with the pattern of deglaciation in each valley controlled by valley orientation, topography, and climate. Like alpine glaciers to the south, retreat of the ice sheet remnants was slowed by millennial scale climate fluctuations that produced at least one large recessional moraine, and multiple lateral moraines and kame terraces from elevations of 200-1400 m in most valleys. Large volumes of glacial meltwater flowed through the North Cascades and was concentrated in the Skagit and Methow rivers. Outburst floods from deep proglacial lakes spilled across divides and down steep canyons, depositing coarse gravel terraces and alluvial fans at valley junctions.Climate at the LGM was characterized by a mean summer temperature 6 to 7 ºC cooler than today, and 40% lower mean annual precipitation. Persistence of this climate for thousands of years before the LGM caused a 750-1000 m decrease in alpine glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELA). In the southern North Cascades at 16 ka, glacial ELAs were 500-700 m lower than today, and during advances from 13.7 to 11.6 ka alpine glacier ELAs were 200-400 m lower.
Tesis sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Whalen, Patrick J. "THE OLIGOCENE WEST ELK BRECCIA: EVIDENCE FOR MASSIVE VOLCANIC DEBRIS AVALANCHES IN THE EASTERN GUNNISON RIVER VALLEY, WEST-CENTRAL COLORADO, U.S.A". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/47.
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The West Elk Breccia has been studied since the late 1800’s with many interpretations regarding its origin. One unrecognized possibility is that parts of it are debris-avalanche deposits. This study has recognized evidence for this interpretation at three scales: volcano scale, outcrop scale, and intra-outcrop scale. At the volcano scale, a scarp in the old volcano reveals underlying Mesozoic bedrock, suggesting sector collapse. At the outcrop scale, megablocks of the original edifice, up to hundreds of meters in length, have atypical orientations and are surrounded by a gravel matrix. At the intra-outcrop scale, jigsaw-fit fracturing and rip-up clasts are common in distal deposits, which are documented in analogous debris-avalanche deposits. Similar to the debris-avalanche deposit at Mt. Shasta, medial-to-distal-matrix volcaniclast content decreases by 23%; Paleozoic and Mesozoic clasts increase by 5%; and the size of megablocks decreases. The geochemical and petrographic signatures reveal breccia blocks composed of pyroxene-andesite, a more silicic matrix facies, and the andesitic-to-dacitic East Elk Creek Tuff, all compositions that corroborate previous work on this northern extension of the San Juan volcanic field. Measured sections in the 100-km² study area allow for an estimation of total formation volume of approximately 8.5 km3.
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Chapman, Peter M. "Selenium status : Elk River Valley, BC". 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8915.
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The status of investigations into the effects (changes to a Valued Ecosystem Component [VEC]) or impacts (effects adversely affecting the utility or viability of a VEC) of selenium in the Elk River Valley, BC are reviewed. Previous studies focused on the abundant lotic (flowing water) habitats in the Valley and found limited effects (reduced sandpiper egg hatchability) but no impacts (overall sandpiper productivity higher than the regional norm). More recent studies have focused on less abundant high-risk lentic areas where selenium effects are more likely. Effects studies have been conducted with: red-winged blackbirds; various waterfowl species; Columbia spotted frogs; longnosed suckers. Based on studies conducted to date, current levels of selenium in the Valley do not appear to be having large-scale negative effects or impacts. However, some negative effects do appear to be occurring on a more localized level in some of the high-risk lentic areas. Studies are underway to assess whether or not there are population-level impacts in these lentic areas and, if so, their extent and significance. The possibility of management actions will be assessed accordingly.
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Chapman, Peter M. "Selenium from coal mining in the Elk River Valley". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8879.
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Coal mining in the Elk River Valley, B.C. enhances natural release of selenium (Se), resulting in elevated concentrations of selenium downstream of the mines. Studies to determine the extent and significance of Se in Valley waters began in 1996. Selenium concentrations downstream of the five coal mines have increased in some areas. However, the same magnitude of increases has not occurred in lotic (flowing water) fauna, and Se concentrations in fish from lotic areas have not increased from 1996 to 2003. Although Se concentrations in cutthroat trout and some of their eggs were above concentrations shown to be toxic in other areas with other fish species, a laboratory effects study found that fry hatched and developed normally. Both cutthroat and bull trout populations have increased since 1986. A study of two common waterfowl (American dippers and spotted sandpipers) living in lotic areas found no discernable adverse effects, and Se concentrations in eggs were below thresholds at which adverse effects have been documented in other areas. Although lotic areas are most common in the Elk River Valley, lentic (still water) areas may represent the worst case because there is more likelihood of inorganic Se being converted into the much more toxic organic Se. A reconnaissance study in 2002 examined lentic areas (a screening level sampling strategy) to identify “worst-case” lentic areas, to select appropriate reference areas comparable to key mine-exposed areas of interest and to identify receptor species that are at risk in these areas. For instance, the most contaminated lentic area was also the most productive area. However, more detailed studies are required before any definitive conclusions are reached. Ongoing and planned studies include determinations of aquatic food webs in both lentic and lotic areas, further monitoring in both areas, and fish and waterfowl effects studies in lentic areas. A human health risk assessment found that there was negligible risk to humans eating fish from the Valley, and benefits from consuming moderate quantities of fish.
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Chapman, Peter M., Roger Joseph Berdusco y Ron Jones. "Selenium investigations in the Elk River Valley, B.C. : 2008 update". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9279.
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Regional monitoring of water and biota indicates that there continue to be long-term increases in selenium (Se) in water downstream of the Elk Valley River coal mines, operated by the Elk Valley Coal Corporation. However, monitoring also indicates that Se concentrations in benthic invertebrates, fish muscle and bird eggs, although elevated, have not increased over the last few years. Previous studies have indicated that the viability and productivity of fish and water bird populations do not appear to be adversely impacted by Se. Nor does it appear that human health or terrestrial wildlife (i.e., ungulates) are presently being adversely affected. Current efforts are focused on monitoring and management, in addition to a study attempting to establish a definitive adverse effects threshold for Westslope cutthroat trout in the Elk River Valley. Management investigations include efforts to: predict future Se releases under different mining scenarios and management approaches; determine factors affecting the cycling and conversion of inorganic Se once it enters the aquatic environment; and integrate present and future information to effectively manage Se releases from the coal mines. Research is also being conducted into treatment alternatives to reduce Se loadings to the aquatic environment. Lentic and lotic areas of the Elk River Valley are being mapped to determine the relative proportions of these habitat types both related to future Se studies, and to provide the basis for evaluating the significance of any localized impacts that may occur to the overall health of the Elk River Valley aquatic ecosystem. Selected Se studies conducted through 2007 in the Elk River Valley are being integrated into monitoring and management plans, including a Standard Operating Procedure for fish deformity analysis, and predictive modeling of fish populations.
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McHugh, Margaret H. "Landslide occurrence in the Elk and Sixes River basins, southwest Oregon". Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37213.
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Timber management of coastal watersheds in southwest Oregon has
been complicated by the need to protect anadromous fish habitat from
accelerated stream sedimentation resulting from management activity.
The rugged terrain of the Elk and Sixes River basins is underlain by
the complex geological province of the Klamath Mountains, in which
landslides are a common, natural, and important process of sediment
production.
A landslide investigation, using sequential aerial photographs
which covered a time period of 37 years, was used to determine
relationships between mass-wasting, geologic types, and timber harvest
practices. Averaged over all rock types, harvested areas showed an
increase in failure rate of 7 times, and roaded areas an increase of
48 times that of forested terrain. Terrane underlain by dioritic
intrusions was the most sensitive to road-related activity, with an
increase in failure rate of up to 108 times that of comparable
unmanaged land.
The complexity of lithologies and deformational history in the
area strongly influence slope morphology, and produces characteristic
soil types which experience predictable modes and rates of slope
failure. Debris slides and torrents are the dominant form of
mass-wasting in dioritic and Cretaceous sedimentary terrane. Areas
underlain by more clay-rich metamorphic bedrock are prone to slumps
and planar streambank failures.
Stream morphology is profoundly influenced by both rock type and
geologic structure. Within an area characterized by steep, deeply
incised streams, several persistent low-gradient reaches were
delineated. These low-gradient stream reaches occur where (1) large
landslides have locally raised channel bed elevation and (2)
valley-floor widening has occurred in sheared rocks along fault zones
or in more readily eroded rock types upstream of rock types resistant
to fluvial erosion.Graduation date: 1987
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Lussier, Christine. "Geochemistry of selenium release from the Elk River Valley coal mines". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12133.
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Elevated levels of selenium (Se) were detected downstream from the five open pit coal mines in
the Elk River Valley, British Columbia. Se is an essential nutrient but, in excessive amounts, it
may cause teratogenic deformities and reproductive failure in fish and birds. To provide mine
operators in the Elk River Valley with the information needed to assess the risk of Se release
from waste rock and plant refuse a study of Se's modes of occurrence in the strata disturbed by
mining and the geochemical mechanisms of its release was conducted.
The mineralogical associations of Se were studied in 16 samples representative of the different
types of material at the sites. Methods used to characterize sample mineralogy include X-ray
diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, sequential extractions and heavy liquid separation. Se
had both organic and inorganic associations in all lithologies tested, but sulphides, in particular
pyrite, were indicated as the main Se-bearing component in the studied lithologies. The amount of
organic matter in the materials appeared to play a role in determining the degree of Se enrichment
in sulphides, with materials high in organics containing sulphides with less Se substitution.
Humidity cells were used to determine the rate of Se release from coal, interburden, foot wall,
parting and coarse refuse. The rate of Se release was not proportional to the total amount of Se in
the sample, suggesting that mineralogical factors, such as texture, pyrite liberation and porosity,
determine the rate of Se oxidation. A strong positive correlation between the amount of Se and
sulphate in leachate from the humidity cells, suggested that sulphide oxidation is likely the source
of Se being released into tributaries of the Elk River.
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Chapman, Peter M., Roger Joseph Berdusco y Ron Jones. "Update on the status of selenium investigations in the Elk River Valley, B.C". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8461.
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Four categories of investigations have been and are being conducted in the Elk River Valley, B.C. related to Se released from coal mining: effects; monitoring; other studies; and management. Studies conducted to date have determined an absence of impacts to fish (cutthroat trout) and water birds (American dipper and spotted sandpiper) living in the predominantly lotic (flowing water) areas of the Elk River Valley. In the less common but more at risk lentic (still water) areas of the Valley, an absence of Se-related impacts has been determined for red-winged blackbirds, eight species of waterfowl, longnose sucker and Columbia spotted frog. An effects study on cutthroat trout living in a lentic environment partially confirmed the findings of the previous lotic study with this same species, specifically that cutthroat trout have a relatively high tolerance to Se. However, the two cutthroat trout effects studies also resulted in some contradictory findings. There are no indications of impacts from Se to cutthroat trout living in lotic or lentic areas of the Elk River Valley; however, a further effects study will be conducted with this species to resolve the contradictions. Monitoring studies indicate increasing concentrations of Se in waters downstream of the coal mines but no corresponding increase in fish muscle Se concentrations. Biogeochemical studies are being conducted into Se release and cycling as part of ongoing management activities. A management decision framework has been developed that provides a means to integrate present and future information to effectively manage Se releases from the coal mines to ensure environmental protection.
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Straker, Justin, Roger Joseph Berdusco, Carol Elizabeth 1953 Jones, Ron Jones y Sara Harrison. "Elk Valley coal waste as a growth medium : results of soil and vegetation analysis from Elk Valley Coal's Fording River, Greenhills and Line Creek mines". 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8717.
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The Fording River, Greenhills and Line Creek Operations are three surface coal mines located adjacent to each other in the Fording and Elk River valleys of southeastern British Columbia. These mines are operated by Elk Valley Coal Corporation, and produce high-quality metallurgical coal. Active programs of reclamation research have been conducted on all three properties. One of the primary objectives of this research has been to evaluate the feasibility of reclamation directly on coal waste, as opposed to reclamation utilizing an overlying capping material. This paper reports on the results, both historic and recent, of this research, and presents conclusions on the success of this practice, as well as future directions for confirming this success.
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Straker, Justin, Ron Jones, Roger Joseph Berdusco, B. O’Brien, S. Woelk y Carol Elizabeth 1953 Jones. "Reclamation of high-elevation wildlife habitat at Elk Valley Coal's Fording River and Greenhills Operations". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8755.
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Reclamation research was initiated on the Fording River mine site in 1969, prior to commencement of mining operations, and has been an ongoing component of both Fording River and Greenhills Operations’ approach to sustainable development throughout mine life. This research has focussed on optimum techniques to return land disturbed by mining to equivalent productivity, and on specific challenges encountered on the sites. One of the primary challenges on both mine sites is the restoration through reclamation of high-value wildlife habitat. Wild ungulates, predominantly elk and bighorn sheep, are a major wildlife resource that reside year-round in the Fording River Valley. Mining at the Fording River and Greenhills Operations has disturbed habitat for these species, including some valuable winter range on south and southwest-facing slopes. To ensure the successful reclamation of this important high-elevation wildlife habitat, Fording River personnel initiated winter range-targeted reclamation research in 1985. This work has continued to date, with recent programs including:
High-elevation conifer planting trials, to provide visual and thermal cover elements for wildlife habitat.
Use of plant protectors to establish key preferred browse shrub species in climatically adverse conditions.
Native grass species trials, to evaluate the potential of newly available forage species.
Design and planning used to integrate research results into operational reclamation.
This integrated research program has built on previous reclamation research undertaken at the mine sites, and has improved knowledge for these mines on species selection, establishment timing, and techniques to allow successful reclamation where more conventional approaches have not produced desired results. This increased knowledge will translate into better ability to re-create specific habitat elements, as more high-elevation areas on the mine sites become available for reclamation.
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Martin, Alan J., Dirk Wallschläger, Jacqueline London, Cheryl I. E. Wiramanaden, Ingrid J. Pickering, Nelson Belzile, Yu-Wei Chen y Stephanie Simpson. "The biogeochemical behaviour of selenium in two lentic environments in the Elk River Valley, British Columbia". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9189.
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The biogeochemical behaviour of selenium (Se) in two lentic environments (Goddard Marsh (GM) and Fording River Oxbow (FRO)) was assessed through detailed examination of Se speciation in bottom water, porewater and sediment components. The depositional environments at GM and FRO differ with regards to organic matter content, organic matter sources (as revealed by C:N ratios) and redox character. X-ray absorption near edge spectral (XANES) data suggest that elemental Se and organo-Se represent the dominant hosts for Se at GM and FRO. At both sites, the vertical distributions of dissolved Se species in porewater are closely linked to the profiles of redox-sensitive metabolites. Porewater profiles indicate that the sediments at GM and FRO are serving as diffusive sinks for Se through in situ adsorption/precipitation of Se in suboxic horizons. Although the sediments at both sites serve as net sinks for dissolved Se, interfacial peaks in dissolved selenite (SeIV) and organo-Se demonstrate these species are recycled back into the water column. The conditions present at GM are more favourable for the recycling of reduced Se species. Such observations can be linked to subtle differences in redox conditions as illustrated by profiles of redox-sensitive species (dissolved NO₃-, Fe, Mn, SO₄²- and ΣH₂S). These differences have important implications to both the recycling of reduced Se species into the water column and Se uptake by aquatic biota. Implications with regards to Se management, bioremediation and biologically availability (food chain transport) are discussed.
Libros sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Grimsdick, Robert B. Days of the grizzly: Love, action and adventure in the Elk River Valley, B.C., Canada. Gibsons, B.C: R. Grimsdick, 1995.
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Graves, Ray. A history of Pe Ell, Washington: And the upper Chehalis River Valley. [Lakewood, WA?]: R. Graves, 2006.
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Dunbar, Eric Robert. The differential population success of two non-indigenous elms (Ulmus pumila and U. glabra) introducted into river valleys in Toronto, Canada. [Toronto: E. Dunbar], 2003.
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Revista Académica de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación. Glasstree, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534299344.
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Contenido: - El Derecho y el Silencio Efrén Rivera Ramos - Contestación al Discurso “El Derecho y el Silencio” del Numerario Efrén Rivera Ramos Antonio García Padilla - Mensaje de apertura del acto de presentación del Libro de Actas de la Cámara de Delegados de Puerto Rico, Primera y Segunda Sesiones de la Quinta Asamblea Legislativa 1909-1910. Antonio García Padilla - Presentación del Libro Actas de la Cámara de Delegados de Puerto Rico Primera y Segunda Sesiones de la Quinta Asamblea Legislativa 1909-1910. Juan R. Torruella Del Valle - Dictamen 2017-01 del Pleno de Numerarios en torno a la inclusión de la palabra “convicción” como sinónimo de “condena” en el Diccionario Panhispánico de Términos Jurídicos Antonio García Padilla y Carmelo Delgado Cintrón
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Sleeper-Smith, Susan. "The Agrarian Village World of the Ohio Valley Indians". En Indigenous Prosperity and American Conquest, 13–66. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640587.003.0002.
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Explores Indian women’s involvement in environmentally shaping the agrarian landscape of the almost-thousand-mile-long Ohio River valley. Women planted their crops in riverway bottomlands and produced a surplus food supply that encouraged trade with nearby and distant villages. An extensive trading network preceded European arrival. Extensive cornfields, bountiful vegetable gardens, and fruit orchards characterized Indian villages along the Ohio’s tributary rivers. Indigenous women developed a stable, continuous cropping system that maintained the organic matter in the soils by not plowing, and this provided long-range village stability. Environmental abundance in the Ohio River valley sustained high population levels. Rivers and streams teemed with more than a hundred varieties of fish; lakes abounded with wildlife and 250 species of mussels. Villages were strategically located within landscape niches that ensured sedentism and increased village size. These niches, or openings, provided access to adjacent, fertile fields, rich wetlands with nutritional plants, and forests that supplied meat and furs. Numerous bison, elk, and deer herds populated the region. Wetlands food sources were breadbaskets, and even small wetland patches produced high yields of food resources.
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Graham, Alan. "Quaternary North American Vegetational History: 1.6 Ma to the Present". En Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0011.
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The Quaternary Period encompasses the Pleistocene and the Holocene or Recent Epochs. The date used for the beginning of the Pleistocene depends upon which globally recognizable event is selected as representing a significant break with the preceding Pliocene Epoch. Candidates include the Gauss-Matuyama magnetopolarity boundary (~2.8 Ma; see Quaternary International, 1997); the initiation of widespread permafrost, a frigid Arctic Ocean, and rapid glaciation in the high northern latitudes (~2.4 Ma; Shackleton and Opdyke, 1977; Shackleton et al., 1984); or the African Olduvai paleomagnetic event between 1.87 and 1.67 Ma. The transition from hothouse to icehouse conditions was gradual, but the Pleistocene is typified at Vrica, Italy, as beginning at ~1.67 Ma (Aguirre and Pasini, 1985; Richmond and Fullerton, 1986; oxygen isotope stage 62), and that is the date used here. In the conterminous United States the Elk Creek till of Nebraska is 2.14 m.y. in age (Hallberg, 1986), and the onset of the full ice age is represented by the onset of repeated glaciations at ~850 Kya when glaciers extended down the Mississippi River Valley. Subsequently, glacial-interglacial conditions fluctuated until the latest retreat at ~11 Kya that began the Holocene or Recent Epoch. The chronology of ice age events began with the publication of Louis Agassiz’s (1840) Etudes surles Glaciers. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a single glacial advance was envisioned as blanketing the high latitudes. In the 1940s Willard E Libby at the University of Chicago perfected the technique of radiocarbon dating, and Flint and Rubin (1955) applied this methodology of “isotopic clocks” to establishing the absolute chronology of drift deposits from the eastern and midwestern United States. Their radiocarbon dates showed evidence of two or more times of continental-scale glaciations; older organic material was “radiocarbon inert” and beyond the ~40-Ky range of the technique. A standard chronology eventually became established for North America that included four major glacial stages (Nebraskan, oldest; Kansan; Illinoian; and Wisconsin) separated by four interglacials (Aftonian, oldest; Yarmouth, Sangamon, and the present Holocene).
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Broughton, Chad. "Unrest in the Magic Valley". En Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0005.
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One Evening in May 1967, in the parched border city of Mission, Texas, Ed Krueger had worked into the early evening on a painting and was late to the demonstration at the railroad crossing. He arrived there at 8:45 p.m. with his wife, Tina; his 18-year-old son, David; and Doug Adair, a young journalist writing for the magazine El Malcriado: The Voice of the Farm Worker. Just a few union members and bystanders were at the crossing when they arrived. Krueger, 36, a lanky and clean-cut minister, had been working with Local 2 of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFW) and had expected to see thirty or forty striking farmworkers and activists protesting the “scab melons” passing by on the next train. But they weren’t there, and Krueger was worried. They parked 75 feet south of the railroad crossing, on the west side of Conway Street. Krueger and his wife grabbed some hamburgers and sodas and leaned on their bumper to eat with their son. Adair went to talk to a reporter on the north side of the crossing. Joining Krueger was Magdaleno Dimas, an itinerant 29-year-old farmworker. A Mexico-born U.S. citizen, Dimas had a dragon tattoo on his right arm, a rose on his left, and an edgy zeal for the strike. They were waiting for a freight train carrying tens of thousands of recently harvested cantaloupes and honeydews loaded into thirty or so refrigerated cars. The melons had just been cut at La Casita ranch in Rio Grande City, thirty miles west of Mission. After a switch down-valley in Harlingen, the ranch’s melons would head north to San Antonio. La Casita, owned by a California company, operated nearly year round and employed 300 to 500 laborers on 2,700 acres of melons, peppers, carrots, cabbage, celery, and lettuce. The southern boundary of its well-ordered fruit and vegetable fields was the snaking Rio Grande River. All that separated La Casita from Mexico was a short swim across the slow-moving, greenish river that irrigated its fields.
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Blas Cortina, Miguel Ángel de y Marta Díaz-Guardamino. "Megaliths and Holy Places in the Genesis of the Kingdom of Asturias (North of Spain, ad 718–910)". En The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0018.
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Flowing from the Picos de Europa mountain range into the Bay of Biscay (in a SW–NE direction), the River Sella is the main dividing axis of the highly mountainous territory of Asturias, northern Spain, with peaks up to 2,500 metres. The first known human traces in the Sella river basin date back to the Middle Palaeolithic and include remains of thirteen Neanderthal individuals found in the cave of El Sidrón. Archaeological remains dating to the Upper Palaeolithic and the Epipalaeolithic are frequent throughout the region. The adoption of the Neolithic way of life in Asturias was modest. The polished axes found in large numbers and mostly manufactured with rocks imported from other regions, are one of the main sources of evidence to study the Asturian Neolithic. The most noticeable archaeological evidence for this period is, however, the megalithic phenomenon, the earliest monuments dating to the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. Unlike the usual concentrations of barrows and dolmens in other areas of northern Iberia, these constructions are often found on high ground, strategically overlooking the main stretches of well-travelled pathways. The most prominent Asturian megalith, Santa Cruz (Cangas de Onís), however, differs from the pattern outlined above, as it was placed on a fluvial terrace, on a location often flooded by the Sella and Güeña rivers, which meet here (Blas Cortina 1997a; 1997b). The low altitude and the fair conditions of the optimal Holocene would have provided the basis for a densely forested environment throughout the fifth and fourth millennia bc. Historically, the most populated town of this region has been Cangas de Onís, located in the confluence of the Sella and Güeña rivers, where the best agricultural land is also found. These apt conditions also extend to the adjoining valley of Güeña, home to the sites of Covadonga and Abamia, which bear witness to the interweaving of prehistoric memory and Medieval affairs that will be discussed in this chapter.
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Ortloff, Charles R. "Environmental and Climate Perspectives on New World, Old World, and South-East Asian Societies’ Achievements in the Hydraulic Sciences". En Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.003.0008.
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The foregoing chapters detail the many technical innovations in water supply, distribution, and management for several Old World, New World, and South- East Asian societies. For most of the New World’s societies, basic water resource problems evolved around securing their agricultural base given the unique environmental and water resource conditions prevalent in their locations. Diverse New World societies occupying different environment niches from dry coastal margins to wet highlands, often subject to vastly different average temperatures, crop types, and water variation cycles, were shown to devise different approaches to the development of their agricultural bases. While rainfall runoff from mountain watersheds sourced the many rivers of coastal Peruvian valleys and provided the basis for canal irrigation, excessive rainfall and cold in Andean highland locations allowed groundwater-based farming using raised Welds that had thermodynamic advantages based on conservation of the sun’s heat to prevent root crop destruction during freezing nights. The presence of varying climate cycles (excessive rainfall and drought) was seen to influence modifications in coastal canal systems. Alterations in canal size and placement to accommodate reduced-water supplies were evident in intravalley coastal systems where modifications were relatively straightforward in sandy environments. Intervalley water transfers through massive canal systems were a further characteristic of a flexible response to maintain the water resource base and this often involved the transfer of river water from one valley to another depending on agricultural, economic, and political priorities. With increased need for more agricultural lands to meet population demands, increasingly lower slope canals were surveyed to include further downslope lands. Here technical innovation was a key factor in providing surveying expertise to maintain low-slope contour canals. While such canals are found at very early Formative and Preceramic sites, surveying techniques became more refined in time to permit greater use of land areas reachable by low-slope canals. Here both Old and New World societies share their dependence on surveying technology to meet water transfer demands. While Roman surveying favoured the most direct aqueduct routing necessitating long, linear aqueduct structures interspersed with siphons and multitier aqueducts structures where appropriate, New World surveying was different in that canal designs following landscape contours were prevalent and, in some cases, optimized to produce specific and/or maximum flow rate designs. Specific measures to create hydraulic control structures to defend against El Niño destruction are evident in the New World archaeological record indicating an active, innovative engineering response to climate and weather-induced disasters, probably based on the memory of prior destructive events.
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Ortloff, Charles R. "Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management Strategies ofAncient Societies". En Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.003.0007.
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Societies of widely different social, economic, political, religious, and technical innovation characteristics in opposing world hemispheres developed urban and rural population centres with water and agricultural systems to maintain stable economies and expanding populations. Despite vast historical, cultural, and world view differences between these societies, one common thread united them: the necessity for mastery of engineering skills to provide water for cities and agricultural systems. Although it may be thought that the technical basis to support water engineering practice is accompanied with pre-scientific concepts, many recent discoveries reveal the contrary: sophistication in the concept, design, and execution of water supply and distribution systems indicating knowledge of hydraulic principles beyond the scant hydraulics literature that survived the centuries. In the absence of ancient treatises on hydraulics practices, archaeological analysis of hydraulics works coupled with modern analysis methods provides a way to understand their technological accomplishments through ‘reverse engineering’ methodologies involving computer modelling techniques. Thus computer methodologies play a role to uncover the design intent, functionality, and operation of ancient water systems to provide insight into ancient engineering practices and their theoretical/empirical basis. In South American archaeology, the large variation in ecological conditions and landscape barriers provided the stage for the rise of civilizations and largely determined their agricultural practices. As an example, the Chimú civilization (800–1480 CE) occupied Peruvian coastal regions extending 500 km from the southern Chillon Valley to the northern Lambeyeque Valley. The desert coastal zone extends only a few kilometres inland from the Pacific Ocean before being bounded by the Cordillera Negra mountain chain. Agriculture was possible in coastal alluvial valleys through networks of canal systems originating from intermittent seasonal rivers. The temperature near the equator is near constant throughout the year while coastal rainfall averages about 2mm/year; occasional massive El Niño events which can deposit up to 150cm of rainfall in a few days occasionally break this pattern and cause extensive flooding and Weld erosion. Clearly, hydraulic practices related to the control of limited (and sometime excessive) water resources were vital for survival. Defensive measures to protect fill aqueduct structures against excessive El Niño rainfall and flooding events are expected to appear in the technology base as flood control was vital to sustainability.
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Rosenzweig, Cynthia y Daniel Hillel. "Regional Activities in a Global Framework: Developing and Developed Countries". En Climate Variability and the Global Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137637.003.0012.
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Regional studies and activities related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other oscillations, seasonal climate prediction, and agricultural impacts are in progress around the world (figure 7.1). Here we describe some regional impacts and programs in place that are entraining climate information into decision making. Elements of these activities include the definition of the agricultural or other targeted systems; exploration of the social, political, and cultural contexts; examination of the temporal and spatial patterns of physical and biological impacts related to ENSO; analysis of economic effects; development and testing of seasonal climate forecasts and their delivery; investigation of crop management and other adaptations leading to implementation of dynamic risk-management strategies; and the development and evaluation of programs. In northern Peru, El Niño events bring torrential rains and floods that damage crops by eroding slopes, silting valleys, and oversaturating soils. The precipitation regime of Chile is likely to be intensified as well when El Niño events occur (Meza et al., 2003). Downscaled seasonal climate forecasts and crop growth models have been used to evaluate the impact of ENSO and management responses on crops in the Andean highlands of Peru (Baigorria, 2007); and Meza (2007) combined stochastic modeling of meteorological variables, a simple soil crop algorithm, and a mathematical programming model to assess the value of ENSO information for irrigation in the Maipo River Basin, Chile. Central America, being a narrow strip of land tightly squeezed between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is particularly influenced by major global climate variability systems, especially the El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation (AO; M. Campos and P. Ramirez, personal communication, 2007; Rosenzweig et al., 2007). El Niño events are associated with dry summers on the Pacific coast and wet summers on the Caribbean coast, while the opposite pattern is associated with La Niña. A decrease in winter rainfall on the Caribbean coast since the late 1970s has been linked to changes in the Arctic Oscillation. Events with important economic and social consequences affected Central America in 1926, 1945–56, 1956–57, 1965, 1972–73, 1982–83, 1992–94, and 1997–98 (Ramirez, 2005).
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Buzó Silva, Miryam Celeste. "La conquista del Río de la Plata en el poema Romance Indiano, de Luis de Miranda de Villafañe". En America: il racconto di un continente | América: el relato de un continente. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-319-9/007.
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Luis de Miranda was part of the expedition of Don Pedro de Mendoza and wrote Romance Indiano, a composition in verse, considered as the first literary work of the Río de la Plata, that articulates a narrative about everything that happened during the conquest of this area of America. This work deals with desolation, hunger, and other issues with a political discourse of a foundational nature, at a historical moment characterised by the need to make decisions in the face of the vicissitudes suffered by the conquerors of the first Adelantado’s army. The richness of the text lies in its literary and political analysis, because the poem is not only characterised by the style used, which allows to observe the resources and values of the 16th century, but it also presents a political tinge, since its reading offers the vision of the conqueror in the process of settlement and conquest of the River Plate territory.
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Lindsay, George E. y Iris H. W. Engstrand. "History of Scientific Exploration in the Sea of Cortés". En Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortés II. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133462.003.0006.
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The Sea of Cortés (el Mar de Cortés), also known as the Gulf of California, is the body of water that separates the California peninsula from the mainland of Mexico. It extends in a northwest-southeast axis for 1070 km, varying in width from 100 to 200 km. The gulf was formerly much longer, but sediments carried by the Colorado River created a delta and dammed off its upper end, forming what is now the Imperial Valley. The western side of the gulf is dotted with islands, the longest of which is Ángel de la Guarda, measuring 67 km long, up to 16 km wide, and 1315 m high (see app. 1.1 for a list of island names and measurements). Most of the islands are geological remnants of the peninsula's separation from the mainland, a continuing process that started 4 or more million years ago. One central gulf island, Tortuga, is an emerged volcano, whereas San Marcos Island to its west is largely gypsum, possibly precipitated from an ancient lake. The largest island in the gulf is Tiburón, with an area of approximately 1000 km2. It is barely separated from the mainland to the east and has a curiously mixed biota of peninsular and mainland species. One tiny island, San Pedro Nolasco, is only 13 km off shore in San Pedro Bay, Sonora, but has an unusual flora that includes a high percentage of endemics. The isolation of organisms that colonized or were established previously on the Sea of Cortés islands provided an opportunity for genetic and ecological change. In one plastic and rapidly evolving plant family, the Cactaceae, about one-half of the 120 species found on the islands are endemic. Similarly, populations isolated by climate on peninsular mountains are well differentiated. Because of the topographical diversity of the area and its effect on the disruption and integration of populations, the Sea of Cortes and its islands have been called a natural laboratory for the investigation of speciation.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Cao, Jingjing, Mamattursun Eziz, Hamid Yimit y Anwar Mohammad. "Surface and Ground Water Quality in Eli River Valley, China". En 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163543.
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Eziz, Mamattursun, Hamid Yimit, Gulqikra Omar y Jingjing Cao. "A Simplified Model for Conjunctive Use of Water Resources for Control of Soil Salinization in Eli River Valley". En 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162240.
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Vrchota, Stephen. "Restructuring Plant Operations and Contracts to Make a First Generation RDF Plant Competitive in a Cost-Driven Market". En 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7029.
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In 1989, United Power Association (now Great River Energy) and Northern States Power (now Xcel Energy) formed a partnership and entered a 20 year contract with five local counties to turn MSW (municipal solid waste) into RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and combust the RDF in converted grate-fired boilers in Elk River, MN. Great River Energy owned and operated the Energy Recovery Station (ERS) and Xcel Energy operated the Resource Processing Plant (RPP) a few miles away. The Resource Processing Plant processed 400,000 tons/year of MSW into RDF for the Energy Recovery Station and other RDF plants owned by Xcel Energy. The project was successful, but required significant subsidies from the counties to maintain competitive tipping fees. At the end of the original 20 year contract, a number of the counties wanted to reduce or end any subsidies and restructure the contracts. In the fall of 2009, lack of contracted MSW created difficult financial conditions that threatened to end the project and divert 400,000 tons/year of MSW to area landfills. In May of 2010, Great River Energy purchased the Resource Processing Plant and reorganized the project to be able to better control operating costs and maintain competitive electric rates for its customers. In 2011, Great River Energy restructured processing contracts with three of the original counties and also directly contracted with the regional MSW haulers while implementing sweeping changes in the processing of MSW. A cleaning system was installed to increase the value of the ferrous material collected during the production of RDF. The installation of a bulky waste shredder and processing changes increased the efficiency of converting MSW to RDF. In addition, the recovery of non-ferrous materials from the MSW and heavy residue was optimized. In one year of operation, the Resource Processing Plant has increased RDF production from 84% to over 95% and decreased landfilling to near zero while increasing the revenue from recovered materials. County subsidies have been significantly reduced and will phase out after 2015, tipping fees have been adjusted to be competitive with local landfills, and electric costs have been stabilized at comparable renewable energy rates.
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Napolitano, Agostino, Guido Guidotti, Andrea Marsili, Alessandro Fabbri, Marco Menichetti y Francesco Troiani. "The Design and Construction of the Chinipas Slope Pipeline Crossing". En 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64009.
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SAIPEM has been awarded the engineering, procurement and construction of “El Encino - Topolobampo” Natural Gas Pipeline Project in Mexico. The 30” pipeline begins in El Encino, in the state of Chihuahua, and terminates in Topolobampo, in the state of Sinaloa. It runs in a West-South West direction perpendicularly crossing the “Sierra Madre Occidental”, a mountain range characterized by uneven morphology with deep and narrow valleys and steep slopes. Near the village of Santa Matilde, before reaching the Chinipas River, the pipeline route has to overcome a 150 meters high steep slope on the left side of the valley of Chinipas. This slope features a sub vertical rocky cliff with a 55 meters drop in the upper section. A trenchless crossing of the slope was designed and executed to safely cross the steep slope by means of raise borer and tunnel. Since the area was nearly inaccessible, SAIPEM, for the first time in the design of a trenchless crossing of slopes, has performed the geomechanical study using a remote sensing process based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the outcrop of the cliff. The activity has been carried out in collaboration with the Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Science of the University of Urbino. The results of the study led to the optimization of the trenchless geometry maintaining the raise bore into the competent rock avoiding frequent lithological variations critical during the drilling and identifying a suitable tunnel entrance location.
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Garcia-Mayor, Clara y Gregorio Canales Martínez. "Poly-nuclear urban system, landscape identity and economic development: The Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante) case study". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5933.
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In the last twenty years, the territory that comprises the Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante province) has experienced a drastic change in terms of how space is occupied. This is observable in the introduction of new uses that modify the configuration patterns of traditional settlements. This paper presents a typology characterization and classification of the evolution of traditional rural settlements which includes new emerging patterns of urban settlements in the Vega Baja’s context. This process has significantly impacted the landscape and the environment, as well as affecting how the local population relates to their living environment. The alluvial territory of the Vega Baja of the Segura River has been historically developed as a result of the expansion of its functional network systems —water canals, pathways, and settlements— which enable the occupation and colonization of extensive areas of marshy land. The territorial organization of this study’s area, developed over the course of eleven centuries, remained relatively stable until the 1990’s. However, in the last twenty-five years, the local economy has undergone restructuring, producing a mind-shift among local communities and resulting in a meaningful loss of crop production surface to make way for town-planning developments. The geographical area of this study is characterized by its intensive irrigated agricultural pattern. It is one of the last remaining Huerta European landscapes identified in the Dobris Report. Therefore, a more comprehensive and integrated approach to preserve identity and local cultural values is required so as to propose a sustainable economic development framework.References Antrop, M. (2005) ‘Why landscapes of the past are important for the future’, Landscape and Urban Planning 70, 21-34. Canales Martínez, G. y Ponce Sánchez, M. D. (2016) Pareceres sobre la Huerta del Bajo Segura. El poder de la Identidad y la Cultura en la valoración del Paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Canales Martínez, G. (2015) La Huerta de Orihuela en el Bajo Segura. Elementos funcionales en la construcción del paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Pérez Payá, M. D. (2014) La Huerta de la Vega Baja del río Segura: paisaje e identidad territorial (Lulu Press, Inc.) Gormsen E. (1981) ‘The spatio-temporal development of international tourism: Attempt at a centre-peripherary model’, Etudes & Mémoires 55, 150-70. VV.AA. (2011) ‘Urbanismo expansivo de la utopía a la realidad’, XXII Congreso Geógrafos Españoles AGE (Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante)
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Iborra Pallarés, Vicente y Francisco Zaragoza Saura. "Altea Urban Project: An academic approach to the transformation of a coastal Spanish touristic city based on the improvement of the public space". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5990.
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Vicente Iborra Pallarés¹, Francisco Zaragoza Saura2 ¹Building Sciences and Urbanism Department. University of Alicante. Alicante. Politécnica IV, módulo III, 1ª planta. Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig ²Concejalía de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Altea. Plaza José María Planelles, 1. 03590 Altea E-mail: vicente.iborra@ua.es, zaragozasaura@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Public space, historical urban evolution, tourism phenomena, urbanistic project, educational experience Conference topics and scale: City transformations The town of Altea (Alicante, Spain) has an important urban center that has historically been characterized by two contrasting situations: on one hand, the settlements located on the seaside elevations (Bellaguarda and the Renaissance Bastion) linked to the agricultural uses of the fertile valleys of the rivers Algar and els Arcs, and on the other hand the coastal developments, originally fishery, but nowadays with touristic uses on the maritime front. All these elements configure an urban nucleus that, due to its urban, architectural and landscape qualities, gives rise to one of the main tourist attractions of the region. However, the area described nowadays presents an important problem related to the use and habitability of public space, which is invaded by the presence of the private vehicle, even along the seaside, due to its touristic relevance. This article presents the results of an academic experience developed to study different possibilities of urban transformations for the municipality of Altea, taking as a project site the urban vacuum still conserved between the two situations previously described: the historical areas on the coastal elevations (Dalt) and new urban developments parallel to the seaside (Baix). This academic activity, performed by nearly 50 students from the University of Alicante, was developed in the context of the design course Urbanism 5 during the academic year 2015-16, thanks to the agreement signed between the Municipality of Altea and the University of Alicante. References (100 words) Busquets, J. and Correa, F. (2006) Cities X lines: a new lens for the Urbanistic Project (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge). Europan Europe (2016) Project and processes (http://www.europan-europe.eu/en/project-and-processes/) accessed January-May 2016. Fernández Per, A. and Mozas, J. (2010) Strategy public (a+t ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz). Gehl, J. (2006) La humanización del espacio urbano: la vida social entre los edificios (Reverté, Barcelona). Koolhaas, R. (1995) S, M, L, XL (The Monacelli Press, New York). Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge). Rebois, D. (ed.) (2014) Europan 12 results. The adaptable city /1 (Europan Europe, Paris).
Informes sobre el tema "Elk River Valley"
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal y Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.
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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.