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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Emissions trading Air quality management Air"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 18 de febrero de 2022

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1

Zhao, Ruo Nan, Yan Ping Li, Xue Wen Hu y Lu Bai. "The New Orientation of Discharge Permit System in the Environmental Management System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (marzo de 2015): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.984.

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The discharge permit system has been implemented for more than 20 years in China. Although some rules of discharge permit system can be found in laws and administrative rules and regulations, the discharge permit system has just been carried out as a pilot policy in some provinces. The discharge permit system only serves as a complementary measure of emissions reporting, registration system and total amount control system, while its important position in pollution management policies is still unclear. In fact, it can reduce the transaction cost by defining the property rights, to solve the problems of “free riders” and externalities in the first place. However, the pollution prevention system in China mostly works at a certain stage, with the lack of cohesion and connection. To problems existing in the environmental management, we should take advantage of the discharge permit system, and integrate the current environmental management system. The goal of atmospheric administration is better air quality, better public health, better public welfare, and better production capacity. To achieve this goal, we not only need to control total emissions, but also need to build continuously emission standards. Through the establishment of the atmospheric emission permit system, some of existing loose jumbled, high cost, inefficient management policies can be integrated together, which can benefit the improvement of the air quality, the reduction of the management cost and the increase of the management efficiency.The discharge permit system was first implemented in Sweden, after years of practice, its role in environmental management gains recognition. The discharge permit system in developed countries gradually became the pillar of pollution prevention, and became more institutionalized and normalized. The discharge permit system in China was first implemented in 1987, but our country doesn’t have a law of discharge permit system until now, and we have a certain gap with USA, Germany in emissions trading.

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2

Chang, Shiyan, Xi Yang, Haotian Zheng, Shuxiao Wang y Xiliang Zhang. "Air quality and health co-benefits of China's national emission trading system". Applied Energy 261 (marzo de 2020): 114226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114226.

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3

Hansjürgens, B. "The Sulfur Dioxide Allowance-Trading Program in the USA: Recent Developments and Lessons to be Learned". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, n.º 3 (junio de 1998): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160341.

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The US Allowance Trading Program, which is an emission-trading program for sulfur dioxide, was put into effect on 1 January 1995. It is the first comprehensive attempt in US air-quality policy to practice the idea of emission trading. More than two years after its implementation, the allowance market offers the unique opportunity of evaluating the efficiency of tradeable-permit markets on a practical basis, rather than a solely theoretical one. The author analyzes the recent developments in the allowance-trading market and alternative ‘explanations’ used in attempts to explain low trading activity and low allowance prices. The author concludes that the present allowance price will prove to be equal to the abatement costs; the allowance-trading program is not only ecologically effective but is also economically efficient; and it plays an important role in the development of future tradeable-permits markets.

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4

Leurent, Fabien y Sheng Li. "Between Pricing and Investment, What Mobility Policies Would Be Advantageous for Île-de-France?" Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (19 de diciembre de 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859913.

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This article provides a prospective study of mobility policies for the private car and public transit (PT) modes of transportation in the Paris Ile-de-France region. Different economic instruments are considered: pricing of car traffic or transit service, subsidizing PT, and investment in PT to improve service quality. Policy scenarios are defined and assessed according to multiple criteria: users’ benefits, PT production costs and fare revenues, public subsidies, and environmental damage both local (air pollution) and global (carbon emissions). The social, economic, and environmental impacts are monetized and aggregated in a wellbeing function. While a first set of scenarios are specified directly, two other sets of scenarios are calculated by optimizing the wellbeing function with respect to action variables on the transit mode in the medium or long run. The regional mobility system is modeled in a structural way: concentric subregions, travel demand segmented by geographical and behavioral conditions, environmental impacts based on road and rail traffic, and car mode and transit mode depicted each as a set of technical components involving 1 to 3 structural factors that can make action levers. This model-based methodology allows for trading between different kinds of impacts and identifying performance-oriented policy packages.

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5

Koo, Choongwan, Taehoon Hong y Sangbum Kim. "AN INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR SOLVING THE CONSTRUCTION TIME-COST TRADE-OFF PROBLEM". Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, n.º 3 (26 de febrero de 2015): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802733.

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As construction projects become larger and more diversified, various factors such as time, cost, quality, environment, and safety that need to be considered make it very difficult to make the final decision. This study was conducted to develop an integrated Multi-Objective Optimization (iMOO) model that provides the optimal solution set based on the concept of the Pareto front, through the following six steps: (1) problem statement; (2) definition of the optimization objectives; (3) establishment of the data structure; (4) standardization of the optimization objectives; (5) definition of the fitness function; and (6) introduction of the genetic algorithm. To evaluate the robustness and reliability of the proposed iMOO model, a case study on the construction time-cost trade-off problem was analyzed in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. The results of this study can be used: (1) to assess more than two optimization objectives, such as the initial investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and CO2 emission trading cost; (2) to take advantage of the weights as the real meanings; (3) to evaluate the four types of fitness functions; and (4) to expand into other areas such as the indoor air quality, materials, and energy use.

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6

Jia, Xiu Fang, Shen Mao Huang, Kai She y Hui Chun Hua. "The Research on Harmonic Pollution Management". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto de 2013): 1999–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1999.

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In view of the present situation of harmonic management in our country at present, put forward the new ideas of current harmonic flexible management. First on the behavior of harmonic pollution analyzed by harmonic pollution, behavior is a kind of external diseconomy activities, and to this kind of behavior is discussed, the method of internal external diseconomy activities of power harmonic pollution emission behavior of collection of sewage charges corresponding. Secondly, the harmonic pollution emissions trading, and the transaction is the social cost analysis, obtained by using the harmonic pollution emissions trading can make the ratio of sewage costs simply implement uniform standards to be low, the social effect can be more optimization. Implementation of the harmonic pollution discharge fee and harmonic pollution emissions trading can make power users to achieve profit optimization and take the initiative to improve power quality.

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7

Almond, Douglas y Shuang Zhang. "Carbon-Trading Pilot Programs in China and Local Air Quality". AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (1 de mayo de 2021): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211071.

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China emits twice as much CO_2 as the United States. Launched in seven regions in 2013-2014, China's pilot carbon-trading programs cover roughly 7 percent of China's CO_2 emissions. These market-based policies offer the best existing evidence as to whether the national carbon-trading program starting in 2021 will curb emissions. Here, we analyze changes in air quality using visibility measures from weather stations. We find the pilot programs improved local air quality, and this was likely a co-benefit of reduced carbon emissions. However, these improvements were modest, and there is some evidence of pollution leakage to the nonpilot regions.

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8

Gore, Yogesh y Awkash Kumar. "Air Quality Management for Electroplating Industry for Mumbai Metropolitan Region, Maharashtra—Air Quality Management for Electroplating Industry". Energy and Earth Science 3, n.º 2 (23 de agosto de 2020): p36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v3n2p36.

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Electroplating is considered to be a major polluting industry because it discharges toxic materials and heavy metals through effluent like wastewater, air emissions and solid wastes. There are many registered electroplating units in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). The quantities of gaseous wastes generated from these industries were estimated and the existing control and treatment techniques for these gaseous wastes were evaluated. Further, Air Quality Modeling (AQM) study was also carried out to predict the concentration of acid mist with the help of emission, characteristics of stack and meteorology. A Gaussian plume model based SCREEN View software was used to predict concentrations for two industries which showed that the acid mist emissions from stack were under the consented limits. Further, health impact survey was performed at 1km radius of the industry to study the effects of air pollution on human health. It showed that 47%, 40% and 57% workers near the electroplating industries are suffering from chest pain, eye irritation and breathlessness respectively. Clustering of electroplating industries in the MMR will improve the waste management in the region. Installation of efficient air pollution control equipment like wet scrubbers can eliminate the hazards caused due to acid mist emissions from electroplating industries.

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9

Crabbe, H., R. Beaumont y D. Norton. "Local air quality management: a practical approach to air quality assessment and emissions audit". Science of The Total Environment 235, n.º 1-3 (septiembre de 1999): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00241-7.

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10

Morrell, Peter. "An evaluation of possible EU air transport emissions trading scheme allocation methods". Energy Policy 35, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2007): 5562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.025.

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11

Wang, Ke, Yiwei Wang y Chun-Ping Chang. "The Impact of Air Quality on Population Migration". Problemy Ekorozwoju 15, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.2.03.

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Based on annual panel data of OECD countries from 1995 to 2014, this paper analyzes the impact of air quality (including per capita CO2, PM2.5, and SO emissions) on the immigrant population through a panel fixed-effect model, while employing control factors such as GDP, unemployment rate, and education level. Overall, we provide evidence that air quality is a key determinant of immigration in the selected countries, and in particular the host country’s emissions have a negative impact on immigrants. Greater emissions imply fewer immigrants, while fewer emissions denote more immigrants. Our findings provide countries with a way to more accurately estimate migrant inflow and offer an idea for OECD members on how to attract immigrants via an improvement in environmental quality.

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12

Kliučininkas, Linas, Simona Balkevičiene y Jolita Mockuviene. "MODELLING OF TRAFFIC POLICY MEASURES FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (18 de junio de 2005): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2133.

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This paper presents the application of the Integrated Transport Effect Modeling System ITEMS, taking into consideration existing vehicle fleet, traffic flows, and ambient air quality monitoring data. The objective of this study is to estimate the exhausts of CO, NOx, and SO2 released by motor vehicles in relation to predictive traffic policy measures in Kaunas, Lithuania.This study analyses the extent to which some traffic policies and future trends may influence the ambient air pollution in urban environment. Three traffic policy measures such as: i) increase of car parking fee; ii) reduction of car parking places; iii) introduction of dedicated traffic lines for public transport are considered as the case studies to examine the extend to which they could reduce emissions from motor vehicles. At the same time, each policy measure comprises four scenarios including one, which indicates the current situation. The comparative analyses of the influence of different traffic policy measures on vehicle/passenger kilometres travelled and on emissions are presented.

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13

MOSS, STEVEN J. "COMMUNITY-BASED TRADING MECHANISMS TO REDUCE POLLUTING AIR EMISSIONS AND ADDRESS GLOBAL WARMING". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 01, n.º 02 (junio de 1999): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333299000156.

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Policy makers are turning to market-based mechanisms to engender innovative ways of reducing polluting air emissions. As with any emerging market, environmental policies must be carefully crafted so that the institutions and incentives needed to form working markets are developed. Attention must be paid to creating avenues for communities and other "non-moneyed" or unorganised interests to be involved in the new market processes. This paper proposes a strategy to create sustainable, community-based methods to reduce polluting air emissions within the context of market-based incentive programs. By enabling communities to effectively participate in environmental solutions, they will truly be able to "think globally, act locally".

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14

Fowlie, Meredith. "Emissions Trading, Electricity Restructuring, and Investment in Pollution Abatement". American Economic Review 100, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2010): 837–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.837.

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This paper analyzes an emissions trading program that was introduced to reduce smog-causing pollution from large stationary sources. Using variation in state level electricity industry restructuring activity, I identify the effect of economic regulation on pollution permit market outcomes. There are two main findings. First, deregulated plants in restructured electricity markets were less likely to adopt more capital intensive environmental compliance options as compared to regulated or publicly owned plants. Second, as a consequence of heterogeneity in electricity market regulations, a larger share of the permitted pollution is being emitted in states where air quality problems tend to be more severe. (JEL L51, L94, L98, Q53, Q58)

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15

Rudokas, Jason, Paul J. Miller, Marcus A. Trail y Armistead G. Russell. "Regional Air Quality Management Aspects of Climate Change: Impact of Climate Mitigation Options on Regional Air Emissions". Environmental Science & Technology 49, n.º 8 (3 de abril de 2015): 5170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es505159z.

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16

Pierpaoli, Mattia y Maria Ruello. "Indoor Air Quality: A Bibliometric Study". Sustainability 10, n.º 11 (23 de octubre de 2018): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113830.

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What are the actual trends in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and in which direction is academic interest moving? Much progress has been made in identifying and mitigating indoor pollutants, due to both prevention campaigns (e.g., smoking bans) and greater control of product emissions. However, IAQ is still of interest and the future trends are unknown. In this study, a thorough bibliometric analysis was conducted on the scientific literature available on the Web of Science database with CiteSpace from 1990 until today. It was possible to identify past trends and current advances, both with the aim of introducing the IAQ topic to those encountering it for the first time and to examine the issues that are expected to be pertinent in the future.

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17

Ostoich, Marco y Gabriele Zanetto. "Reducing air emissions from tanneries with tradable permits". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, n.º 5 (5 de agosto de 2014): 648–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2013-0076.

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Purpose – Tanneries present heavy environmental impacts due to air emissions. Specific quality objectives are fixed by European Directives concerning air and, in particular, volatile organic compounds. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the management of air emissions with a view to achieve quality standards in the Italy's largest tannery district by means of a tradable emissions permits (TEPs) system. Design/methodology/approach – A methodological approach is presented and analysed. The proposed system is based on the “bubble” configuration, which appears to be an effective and feasible application based on the total maximum daily load criterion, supported by the air quality standards or the environmental risk assessment (ERA) procedure. Findings – The TEP system favours technological improvements in the reduction of emissions. The system may not provide a solution to the unpleasant odours deriving from the tanneries, but its application supported by ERA will make it possible to define the admissible levels of air pollution and improve the general state of air quality. Research limitations/implications – Although the study is not exhaustive and requires further investigation in the economic, legal, administrative and air pollution sectors, it does give the basic elements for a preliminary analysis. The evident lack of experimental data concerning weather and climatic features, intrinsic to exposure assessment, has been pointed out. Originality/value – This study proposes a methodological pathway aimed at defining the system of tradable permits by verifying the existence and availability of the necessary data. The proposed TEP system can be extended to other homogeneous industrial districts with an appropriate selection of one or more critical parameters.

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18

Derwent, R. G. "Vehicle emissions and evaporative emission control: Secondary pollutant air quality". Science of The Total Environment 93 (abril de 1990): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90115-b.

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19

BORREGO, C., O. TCHEPEL, L. SALMIM, J. H. AMORIM, A. M. COSTA y J. JANKO. "INTEGRATED MODELING OF ROAD TRAFFIC EMISSIONS: APPLICATION TO LISBON AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT". Cybernetics and Systems 35, n.º 5-6 (julio de 2004): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0196972049051904.

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20

Singh, Akash Kumar y Arun Srivastava. "The Impact of Fireworks Emissions on Air Quality in Delhi, India". Environmental Claims Journal 32, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2020): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1756078.

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21

Sobolewska, Agnieszka. "ACTION UNDERTAKEN BY PUBLIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, n.º 4 (28 de octubre de 2019): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5482.

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The goal of this paper is to indicate the role of public institutions in the field of financing investment tasks within the area of air quality preservation on the example of the Provincial Environmental Protection and Water Management Fund in Szczecin. The analytical-description method based on available secondary data was used. Both from a national and regional perspective, problems with air quality, connected with exceeding pollutant emissions levels, are observed. In the study, only emissions of SO2, NOx and ash, in the years 2015-2018, were addressed. The importance of surface and linear emissions in generating excess was indicated. Spending statutory assets of the Provincial Environmental Protection and Water Management Fund in Szczecin on air protection in the studied area was analyzed. The need to carry out intense action aimed at fulfilling significant environmental goals and the proper use of public funds was indicated. The significance of carrying out joint support programmes aimed mainly at individual benefactors of Provincial Funds together with the National Fund, in order to achieve cohesion of action, efficiency and accumulation of public funds, was emphasized.

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22

Davis, Morgan P., Tyler A. Groh, Dan B. Jaynes, Timothy B. Parkin y Thomas M. Isenhart. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Saturated Riparian Buffers: Are We Trading a Water Quality Problem for an Air Quality Problem?" Journal of Environment Quality 48, n.º 2 (2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.03.0127.

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23

Russo, M. A., C. Gama y A. Monteiro. "How does upgrading an emissions inventory affect air quality simulations?" Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12, n.º 6 (13 de abril de 2019): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00692-x.

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24

Domingo, Nina G. G., Srinidhi Balasubramanian, Sumil K. Thakrar, Michael A. Clark, Peter J. Adams, Julian D. Marshall, Nicholas Z. Muller et al. "Air quality–related health damages of food". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 20 (10 de mayo de 2021): e2013637118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013637118.

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Agriculture is a major contributor to air pollution, the largest environmental risk factor for mortality in the United States and worldwide. It is largely unknown, however, how individual foods or entire diets affect human health via poor air quality. We show how food production negatively impacts human health by increasing atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and we identify ways to reduce these negative impacts of agriculture. We quantify the air quality–related health damages attributable to 95 agricultural commodities and 67 final food products, which encompass >99% of agricultural production in the United States. Agricultural production in the United States results in 17,900 annual air quality–related deaths, 15,900 of which are from food production. Of those, 80% are attributable to animal-based foods, both directly from animal production and indirectly from growing animal feed. On-farm interventions can reduce PM2.5-related mortality by 50%, including improved livestock waste management and fertilizer application practices that reduce emissions of ammonia, a secondary PM2.5 precursor, and improved crop and animal production practices that reduce primary PM2.5 emissions from tillage, field burning, livestock dust, and machinery. Dietary shifts toward more plant-based foods that maintain protein intake and other nutritional needs could reduce agricultural air quality–related mortality by 68 to 83%. In sum, improved livestock and fertilization practices, and dietary shifts could greatly decrease the health impacts of agriculture caused by its contribution to reduced air quality.

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Amato, Fulvio, Flemming R. Cassee, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, Robert Gehrig, Mats Gustafsson, Wolfgang Hafner, Roy M. Harrison et al. "Urban air quality: The challenge of traffic non-exhaust emissions". Journal of Hazardous Materials 275 (junio de 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.053.

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26

Nobel, Carolyn E., Elena C. McDonald-Buller, Yosuke Kimura, Katherine E. Lumbley y David T. Allen. "Influence of Population Density and Temporal Variations in Emissions on the Air Quality Benefits of NOxEmission Trading". Environmental Science & Technology 36, n.º 16 (agosto de 2002): 3465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0110168.

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Vongmahadlek, C., M. Zhang, B. Satayopas y T. B. T. Pham. "Using a photochemical air quality model to evaluate emissions and simulate concentrations". International Journal of Environment and Pollution 45, n.º 4 (2011): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2011.040279.

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Williams, M. L. "The impact of motor vehicles on air pollutant emissions and air quality in the UK — An overview". Science of The Total Environment 59 (enero de 1987): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90430-x.

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Zavattero, David A., Janice A. Ward y Christopher K. Strong. "Air Quality Effects of Travel Changes". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-11.

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Travel behavior in northeastern Illinois was examined for the 20-year period between 1970 and 1990 by conducting a comparative analysis of data from the Chicago Area Transportation Study 1970 Home Interview and the 1990 Household Travel Surveys. This study identified regional travel conditions and needs and provided an overview of the changes that have occurred because of population and employment growth and behavioral shifts. By understanding travel behavior and patterns in the region and resulting congestion and air quality effects, travel reduction strategies could be developed to promote mobility and meet environmental objectives. The analysis offers insight into travel purpose, mode, location, and length while identifying characteristics of the population making those trips. Changes in travel during the 1970 to 1990 period include increased total daily trips, person miles, and private automobile use, primarily single-occupant vehicle trips; substantial growth in suburban travel; increased work trips, transit and automobile trip lengths, and trip-chaining; reduced passenger trips and automobile occupancy rates; and increased suburban transit ridership. These travel changes have increased traffic congestion and affected air quality. Advances in technology have increased vehicle efficiency. The relative contributions to emissions changes that can be attributed to technology and to underlying behavioral changes are examined. Transportation management strategies can be applied to increase the efficiency of transportation facilities and further improve regional air quality.

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Hamdi, Moshrik R., Ahmed Bdour y Zeyad Tarawneh. "Diesel Quality in Jordan: Impacts of Vehicular and Industrial Emissions on Urban Air Quality". Environmental Engineering Science 25, n.º 9 (noviembre de 2008): 1333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0234.

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Schepers, James S., Dennis D. Francis y John F. Shanahan. "Relay Cropping for Improved Air and Water Quality". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, n.º 3-4 (1 de abril de 2005): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-3-405.

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Abstract Using plants to extract excess nitrate from soil is important in protecting against eutrophication of standing water, hypoxic conditions in lakes and oceans, or elevated nitrate concentrations in domestic water supplies. Global climate change issues have raised new concerns about nitrogen (N) management as it relates to crop production even though there may not be an immediate threat to water quality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are frequently considered the primary cause of global climate change, but under anaerobic conditions, animals can contribute by expelling methane (CH4) as do soil microbes. In terms of the potential for global climate change, CH4 is ~ 25 times more harmful than CO2. This differential effect is minuscule compared to when nitrous oxide (N2O) is released into the atmosphere because it is ~ 300 times more harmful than CO2. N2O losses from soil have been positively correlated with residual N (nitrate, NO3 -) concentrations in soil. It stands to reason that phytoremediation via nitrate scavenger crops is one approach to help protect air quality, as well as soil and water quality. Winter wheat was inserted into a seed corn/soybean rotation to utilize soil nitrate and thereby reduce the potential for nitrate leaching and N2O emissions. The net effect of the 2001- 2003 relay cropping sequence was to produce three crops in two years, scavenge 130 kg N/ha from the root zone, produce an extra 2 Mg residue/ha, and increase producer profitability by ~ $ 250/ha.

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PENNY, GUY. "DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND INFORMATION TOOLS FOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS POLICY IN NEW ZEALAND". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, n.º 04 (diciembre de 2005): 651–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205002250.

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Worldwide, the increasing deterioration in urban air quality due to vehicle emissions has created the need for greater capacity in air quality management and more comprehensive knowledge about the sources and spatial and temporal distribution of vehicle emissions, without which impact studies and subsequent mitigation policy cannot be formulated. To investigate this proposition and assist with the design/development of new air quality information tools for this evolving context, this research examines the generation and use of air quality information in New Zealand, through two case studies. The first case study examines NZTER, a tool used for generating 'vehicle fleet emission rates information' used in a number of different models for air quality assessment and transport policy. The second case examines the early stages of the development and operationalisation of an integrated environmental management tool, the VFEM-w, which hopes to quantify/model the type, source and pathways of airborne pollutants entering the urban stormwater water system. While the NZTER is uncomplicated, it is inefficient and produces information of insufficient quality in the current policy-making context. The VFEM-w case illustrates the challenges of attempting to embed a conceptually and technically complex model in an existing cultural, technical and political setting. Recommendations for the use and development of air quality information tools are made and closing comments consider the issue of information quality in sustainable management.

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Benkovic, Stephanie y Joseph Kruger. "To Trade or Not To Trade? Criteria for Applying Cap and Trade". Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.376.

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The use of emissions trading (cap and trade) is gaining worldwide recognition as an extremely effective policy tool. The U.S. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Trading Program has achieved an unprecedented level of environmental protection in a cost-effective manner. The successful results of the program have led domestic and foreign governments to consider the application of cap and trade to address other air quality issues. Certain analyses are particularly important in determining whether or not cap and trade is an appropriate policy tool. This paper offers a set of questions that can be used as criteria for determining whether or not cap and trade is the preferred policy approach to an environmental problem.

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Sharma, Tarun Kumar y Divya Prakash. "Air pollution emissions control using shuffled frog leaping algorithm". International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 11, n.º 2 (3 de septiembre de 2019): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-019-00860-3.

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35

Williams, C. M. "Technologies to address air quality issues impacting animal agriculture". Water Science and Technology 44, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2001): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0547.

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The continued productivity, profitability and sustainability of animal production agriculture in most parts of the world will be dependent upon implementation of effective technologies and management practices to mitigate perceived and documented environmental impacts resulting from confined animal operation emissions. North Carolina State University Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center (APWMC) program efforts to identify such technologies through support of research, development and demonstration projects involve collaborative efforts with approximately 20 other universities (nationally and internationally). Many of these projects are well beyond the laboratory developmental stage and some are yielding encouraging results. Performance data, to date, has shown that swine manure treatment systems including a covered in-ground anaerobic digester, a sequencing batch reactor, and an upflow biological aerated filter system significantly improved odor emission variables.

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36

Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel, Jorge Alejandro. "Management of air pollution in Mexico". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2019): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0099.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the management of air pollution in Mexico and strategies that have been considered to correct the issues, including potential future directions to further improve air quality for Mexico’s environment and people.Design/methodology/approachDifferent serious academic databases were searched for material regarding the issue of air pollution in Mexico, such as Scopus and Social Science Citation Index. Regional concern was an important factor that was considered in this review. Material was considered based on its recency, academic importance and veracity. The studies selected mainly ranged from the mid-1990s to 2018.FindingsAir pollution in Mexico has been a primary issue for the country’s administration and that of Mexico’s North American neighbour, the USA. It has contributed significantly to climate change and has had detrimental effects on both the environment and on the health of Mexican citizens in various ways. While efforts to ameliorate the situation have been relatively strong, it is hoped that ongoing cooperation between Mexico, the USA and Canada will influence the development of stricter emissions standards.Originality/valueThis paper considers current circumstances and whether enough has been done to mitigate Mexico’s significant air pollution problem. It also considers several recommendations made by commentators as to potential future directions to rectify the issues, as no similar review has been made for a developing Country.

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Yassin, Mohamed F. y Mosaab M. Al-Awadhi. "Impact of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions of Power Stations on Ambient Air Quality". Environmental Engineering Science 28, n.º 7 (julio de 2011): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2010.0061.

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Cousins, Anna Palm, Tomas Holmgren y Mikael Remberger. "Emissions of two phthalate esters and BDE 209 to indoor air and their impact on urban air quality". Science of The Total Environment 470-471 (febrero de 2014): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.023.

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39

Yan, Yaxue, Xiaoling Zhang, Jihong Zhang y Kai Li. "Emissions trading system (ETS) implementation and its collaborative governance effects on air pollution: The China story". Energy Policy 138 (marzo de 2020): 111282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111282.

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40

Prussi, Matteo, Aikaterini Konti y Laura Lonza. "Could Biomass Derived Fuels Bridge the Emissions Gap between High Speed Rail and Aviation?" Sustainability 11, n.º 4 (16 de febrero de 2019): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041025.

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Aviation is a steadily growing sector, which largely contributes to transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. When High Speed Rail (HSR) and aviation are considered as alternative options, HSR proves to be a more environmentally friendly mode of transport. Public available data have been used in order to calculate the emission profiles on two selected intra-European routes (London–Paris and Frankfurt–Amsterdam) by HSR and air. As expected, the air mode results in higher GHG emissions and solutions for mitigating its impact have been analyzed and suggested. Biomass Derived Fuels (BDF) has a limited, up to now, potential, to fill the existing gap in terms of emissions with rail. Moreover, BDF reduction in GHG emissions is accompanied with by an increase in fuel cost. Finally, the cost per tonne of avoided CO2e by using BDF—which values 186 €/t—has been compared with the prices of the European Union (EU) Emission Trading System (ETS) allowances and, from a purely economic perspective, this market based measure still seems a preferable option to curb the GHG emissions of the air mode.

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41

Barton, Jane. "Including aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme: prepare for take-off". Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 5, n.º 2 (2008): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372708x324187.

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AbstractSince the advent of civil aviation, air transport has experienced almost continuous growth. However this growth has also led to an increase in emissions which contribute to climate change. The exclusion of international aviation emissions from the targets under the Kyoto Protocol means that little action has been taken to address this impact. In 2005, the European Commission set out its comprehensive approach for addressing aviation's impact on climate change and in December 2006 made a legislative proposal for the inclusion of aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Both the Council and the European Parliament broadly support the Commission's proposal but have proposed detailed amendments to the proposed legislation. This Article analyses the position adopted by each institution so far and the next steps for the adoption of the legislation.

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Hu, Xiaojian, Nuo Chen, Nan Wu y Bicheng Yin. "The Potential Impacts of Electric Vehicles on Urban Air Quality in Shanghai City". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (7 de enero de 2021): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020496.

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The Shanghai government has outlined plans for the new vehicles used for the public transportation, rental, sanitation, postal, and intra-city freight to be completely powered by electricity by 2020. This paper analyzed the characteristics of vehicle emissions in Shanghai in the past five years. The potential reduction in road traffic related emissions due to the promotion and application of electric vehicle in Shanghai was evaluated. The potential reduction was quantified by vehicular emissions. The vehicular emissions inventories are calculated by the COPERT IV model under the different scenarios, of which the results indicate that promoting electric vehicles is the efficient measure to control all road traffic related emissions and improve urban air quality. The results also provided basis and support for making policies to promote and manage electric vehicles.

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Fry, M. M., M. D. Schwarzkopf, Z. Adelman y J. J. West. "Air quality and radiative forcing impacts of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions from ten world regions". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, n.º 2 (16 de enero de 2014): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-523-2014.

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Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) influence air quality and global climate change through their effects on secondary air pollutants and climate forcers. Here we simulate the air quality and radiative forcing (RF) impacts of changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate from halving anthropogenic NMVOC emissions globally and from 10 regions individually, using a global chemical transport model and a standalone radiative transfer model. Halving global NMVOC emissions decreases global annual average tropospheric methane and ozone by 36.6 ppbv and 3.3 Tg, respectively, and surface ozone by 0.67 ppbv. All regional reductions slow the production of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in regional to intercontinental PAN decreases and regional NOx increases. These NOx increases drive tropospheric ozone increases nearby or downwind of source regions in the Southern Hemisphere (South America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Australia). Some regions' NMVOC emissions contribute importantly to air pollution in other regions, such as East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, whose impact on US surface ozone is 43%, 34%, and 34% of North America's impact. Global and regional NMVOC reductions produce widespread negative net RFs (cooling) across both hemispheres from tropospheric ozone and methane decreases, and regional warming and cooling from changes in tropospheric ozone and sulfate (via several oxidation pathways). The 100 yr and 20 yr global warming potentials (GWP100, GWP20) are 2.36 and 5.83 for the global reduction, and 0.079 to 6.05 and −1.13 to 18.9 among the 10 regions. The NMVOC RF and GWP estimates are generally lower than previously modeled estimates, due to the greater NMVOC/NOx emissions ratios simulated, which result in less sensitivity to NMVOC emissions changes and smaller global O3 burden responses, in addition to differences in the representation of NMVOCs and oxidation chemistry among models. Accounting for a fuller set of RF contributions may change the relative magnitude of each region's impacts. The large variability in the RF and GWP of NMVOCs among regions suggest that regionally specific metrics may be necessary to include NMVOCs in multi-gas climate trading schemes.

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Sharma, Shubham, Mengyuan Zhang, Anshika, Jingsi Gao, Hongliang Zhang y Sri Harsha Kota. "Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India". Science of The Total Environment 728 (agosto de 2020): 138878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878.

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Sivertsen, Bjarne y Alena Bartonova. "Co-benefit and co-control studies in Norway". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16, n.º 3 (2010): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq091214046s.

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In both developing and industrialized countries, abatement of air pollution and mitigation of climate change have generally been treated separately. Co-benefits of air quality and climate change related policies are often addressed on national or supranational level, to document that costs of policies are acceptable, especially when ancillary benefits are considered. On local or regional level, until now the focus has been mainly on air quality management, not considering benefits for climate change mitigation. Today?s air quality management requires integrated and coordinated measures where urban air quality planning includes also greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change issues. The tools available for investigating scenarios for reducing local impacts and health effect improvements can also be used to investigate cost effective actions aimed at reducing GHG emissions. This approach would lead to identification of strategies that consider co-benefits of climate and local air quality measures, and will both improve the health of people and give climate benefits at best possible costs. Approaches based on an existing air quality management tool, prepared for co-benefit studies in Norway as well as plans for co-control projects in China are presented in this paper. These approaches have the potential to focus on issues not included in traditional air pollution abatement studies.

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Cooter, E. J., J. O. Bash, V. Benson y L. Ran. "Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n.º 5 (29 de mayo de 2012): 6095–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6095-2012.

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Abstract. While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented, to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions resulting from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of fertilizer applied, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. An evaluation of EPIC-simulated crop management activities associated with fertilizer application at planting compared with similar USDA state-level event estimates shows temporally progressive spatial patterns that agree well with one another. EPIC annual inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6 % low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes.

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Cooter, E. J., J. O. Bash, V. Benson y L. Ran. "Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments". Biogeosciences 9, n.º 10 (19 de octubre de 2012): 4023–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4023-2012.

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Abstract. While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions which result from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of inorganic NH3 fertilizer applied, soil processes, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. Initial fertilizer application often occurs when crops are planted. A state-level evaluation of EPIC-simulated, cumulative planted area compares well with similar USDA reported estimates. EPIC-annual, inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6% low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric particle nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes.

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Gaj, Kazimierz, Urszula Miller y Izabela Sówka. "Progressing Climate Changes and Deteriorating Air Quality as One of the Biggest Challenges of Sustainable Development of the Present Decade in Poland". Sustainability 12, n.º 16 (7 de agosto de 2020): 6367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166367.

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Among the biggest challenges facing our civilization is slowing down the rate of climate change and improving air quality in cities. This cannot be achieved in isolation from the sustainability and intensification of relevant research. The aim of this Special Issue: Current Trends in Emission Control and Forecasting of Air Quality and Climate Changes is to publish selected high-quality papers from the 15th Scientific Conference POL-EMIS 2020: Current Trends in Air and Climate Protection—Control Monitoring, Forecasting, and Reduction of Emissions (19–21 October 2020, Wroclaw) and other papers related to the development of: low-emission fuels, industrial technologies, and energy generation, including renewable energy sources (RES); technology for reducing/eliminating emissions from low municipal sources and transport; innovative methods of waste gas purification; emission and immission control methods (including odors); prospective ways of counteracting climate change; indoor air protecting methods; development of mathematical modeling of air quality; new directions in forecasting the effects of air pollution and climate change and air quality management.

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49

Uddin, Waheed. "Value Engineering Applications For Managing Sustainable Intermodal Transportation Infrastructure Assets". Management and Production Engineering Review 4, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2013): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2013-0009.

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Abstract Frequent gridlocks and traffic jams during the periods of rush hours can result in long user delays and more vehicle emissions causing continuous degradation of air quality. The builtinfrastructure of densely populated cities and intercity travel by passenger and freight traffic lead to significant adverse impacts of traffic congestion on air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming. Transportation contributes 28% of energy related greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. This paper shows that traffic related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are higher per capita for several rural and smaller cities compared to large urban areas in the United States. Inadequate use of mass transit, urban sprawl, construction of more roads and traditional stop-controlled intersections, and addition of more lanes to increase traffic capacity and ease congestion, are primary causes of significant vehicle emission inventory of CO2 and air quality degradation. It is shown that sustainable traffic management policies, such as reduction of work-related travel by cars and more use of mass transit modes, can decrease CO2 emissions. Case studies of value engineering applications are presented to select cost-effective less polluting mass transport strategies based on economic evaluation of life cycle costs and benefits.

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DARIMI, DARIMI, Ikhwan Siregar YUSNI, Anita SOFIA, FIRDAUS FIRDAUS y SYAHRIL SYAHRIL. "Model of Motor Vehicle Gas Distribution Based on Ecology- Health, Economic, Social-Cultural and Law Factors in the City of Pekanbaru". Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, n.º 7 (4 de marzo de 2019): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.7(31).12.

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Air pollution will make the city environment unhealthy and can interfere with human health, therefore one must strive to not increase air pollution. One way to reduce air pollution in cities is to reduce carbon emissions and build Green Open Spaces (GOS). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to create a model for distribution of motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the city of Pekanbaru. Air pollution at a certain level can be a combination of one or more pollutants, either in the form of solids, liquids or incoming gases dispersed into the air and then spread to the surrounding environment. Further analysis of environmental factors in the form of socio-cultural, economic and ecological factors are explored in this study. Other important environmental parameters in pollutant studies are ecological factors as well. While the economic factors in question is the willingness to pay, it shows the minimum cost needed to anticipate the amount of exhaust emissions caused by motorized vehicles and calculate the economic value associated with public health. The emission of gas produced by each vehicle is below the predetermined standard quality threshold, namely LH Regulation No. 12 of 2010. Although the measurement results in Table 1 do not exceed ambient air quality standards, but the increase in a trend that can cause air quality deterioration was detected. The components in these two strategies need to get more emphasis and attention so that the existence of charcoal trading business can be sustainable. The results obtained from this study are a model of exhaust gas distribution in the form of gas emission distribution contours supported by ecological data (E), economics (E) and socio-cultural (S), especially in creating recommendation models in policy making both in the form of laws, government regulations or regional regulations, which is the simplest prerequisite for motor vehicle owners when the vehicle registration is extended. This model is better known as the E2S + H model.

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