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Timushev, Evgeny N. "Fiscal powers of municipalities in Russia’s resource-rich regions and fixed capital investment". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 4 (13 de abril de 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-4-129-146.
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The article considers the nature and limits of the impact local fiscal decentralization exerts on private fixed capital investments in resource-rich Russia’s regions. The relevance of this topic is due, firstly, to the fact that sufficient expenditure and revenue powers at the local level ensure sustainable economic development, and secondly, the lack of research on relationship between investments and local fiscal decentralization in Russia. The study confirms the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve in the investment-decentralization association for the group of resource-rich regions as well as the superiority of revenue decentralization over expenditure decentralization in terms of its impact on economic development. For 2009—2016, investments were the highest when local fiscal decentralization was 46—47% and 43—51% in expenditure and revenue aspects, respectively (for Russia as a whole, 35—36% and 33—34%). Tax revenues in those figures do not exceed 30 p.p., the rest is occupied by earmarked grants (subsidies) and, especially, general-purpose grants (“dotatsii”). The excess of the optimal level of revenue decentralization over the expenditure one in resource-rich regions is explained by drivers of relatively large local powers there — less dependence on federal transfers, low regional tax burden, and greater elasticity of regional fiscal policy to external factors. The overall excess of optimal levels in comparison to Russia as a whole is explained by high local demand for both differentiation of expenditures and intraregional intergovernmental redistribution in those regions. Reduction of fiscal decentralization for 2008—2018 curbed private investment. The greatest losses were incurred by lack of revenue decentralization in the resource-rich regions, which could have reached more than 80% of the median investments.
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Craveiro, A. M., H. M. Soares y W. Schmidell. "Technical Aspects and Cost Estimations for Anaerobic Systems Treating Vinasse and Brewery/Soft Drink Wastewaters". Water Science and Technology 18, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1986): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0168.
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Anaerobic digestion of industrial and domestic wastewaters is an effective way of alleviating pollution problems. The treatment of vinasse, a residue of ethanol fermentation, and brewery/soft drink wastewaters was investigated by IPT for several years. This paper presents data and discusses the technical and economical feasibility of treating these wastewaters using UASB reactors. With vinasse, it is possible to operate industrial plants with organic loading rates exceeding 15 kg COD m−3 day−l, removing 95% of the initial BOD. The produced gas can be used as a substitute for diesel oil in vehicles and also to produce steam, replacing bagasse. The pay-back period of the capital investment is estimated at around 4 to 5 years. For brewery/soft drink wastewaters, it is possible to operate UASB reactors with a HRT of 6 hours, removing more than 90% of the initial BOD. The reactor showed a good capacity to handle temperature shocks. Capital investments for both cases are presented in terms of total investment per kg of COD and m3 of reactor installed.
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Kvashnin, Y. "Prospects for russian investments in ukraine". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 6 (20 de junio de 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-6-141-149.
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The current half-year old systemic crisis in Ukraine has had a deep negative effect on almost all aspects of Russian-Ukrainian relations. Investment ties, which developed greatly during the previous decade, were no exception. In this article we try to assess the scale and identify the key trends of corporate integration between the two states before the crisis, find out the impact of the crisis on FDI dynamics, estimate the probability of nationalization of enterprises with Russian capital, and consider possible strategies of Russian companies, taking into account existing and hypothetical economic and political risks in Ukraine.
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Potapov, M. y N. Kotlyarov. "China in Global Capital Markets". World Economy and International Relations 65, n.º 8 (2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-8-81-89.
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The article is analyzing the positions of China in global capital markets, and the factors that determine them. It shows the trends and features of attracting foreign direct investment in China, exporting Chinese capital abroad, attracting portfolio investments to China. The investment aspects of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and the role of Hong Kong as an international financial center are also considered. The evolution of the currency market regulation in China and the dynamics of the Yuan exchange rate, as well as the internationalizing of the Chinese currency and its use in cross-border operations are also discussed. The authors believe that the prospects for strengthening China’s position in the global capital markets will be determined by a number of circumstances, including the dynamics of the world economy, the growth rate of the Chinese economy, and the consistent liberalization of conditions for cross-border capital movement in China. The maintaining of higher growth rates of the Chinese economy in the context of the global recession and the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the ongoing liberalization of the domestic capital markets, suggest that the Chinese economy will remain attractive for foreign investors. The export of Chinese direct investment abroad will be largely determined by the dynamics of the country’s foreign trade, national restrictions on the export of capital, the implementing the Belt and Road Initiative and the position of China’s leading economic partners, primarily the United States, towards Chinese investment. At the same time, increased geopolitical and country risks will affect the geographical structure of China’s investment abroad in the direction of enhancing cooperation with Asian countries and participants of the Belt and Road Project. In the context of aggravated relations with the United States, China will make efforts to reduce dependence on the US dollar in settlements. Further steps will also be taken to internationalize the Chinese national currency and to achieve an increase in the use of RMB in payments. The lifting of restrictions on cross-border portfolio investments in the PRC is predetermined by ensuring the domestic macroeconomic stability, strengthening the financial system, low inflation, affordable credit, a stable balance of payments, and sufficient foreign exchange reserves. China’s real entry into the world’s leaders, both in the global commodity and capital markets, requires the creation of its own technological base, the transition to a new energy-saving, environmental-friendly national economic structure based on knowledge and new technologies, balancing the development levels of the country’s regions, and increasing the average per capita income of people.
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Coronado, Francisco. "The concentration of people and investments in the capital of a country of Latin America". World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 15, n.º 3 (22 de octubre de 2019): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-08-2018-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the population growth, migration, poverty, economic, political, environmental aspects and the management of the budget at national and municipal levels, including information of other cities in Peru, to define the effect on the quality of life of the population and formulate a management recommendation to help improve the quality of life in Lima and on intermediate cities. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of the study consisted on collect, review and select important factors that influence the quality of life in a big city, in this case in Lima, the concentration of people of Peru in Lima, migration and poverty, the coverage and quality of services, the concentration of the economy, public and private investments and services in Lima, some political aspects and a view of the available budget and the needed investment. Findings The deficiencies in the habitability conditions of the residents of Lima were verified considering the limited infrastructure and public services, the low level of investments and the limited effectiveness of the technical and administrative work of the municipal authorities and the central government. Although studies on other important cities in Peru are more limited, it could be said that similar limitations are being presented for example in transportation. Research limitations/implications The main obstacle to the study is the limited availability of information of such broad aspects that characterize a city that could not be covered in one paper. Practical implications The result of the study supports the need to implement appropriate management decisions about urban planning and investment policies for Metropolitan Lima, as well as to raise municipal and central government technical and legal conditions that are attractive for residents and investors for other cities in the country seeking their development, as well as to help counteract the concentration of people in Lima to control the demands of their habitability. Social implications The study could impact not only in the habitability conditions of about 10m inhabitants of Lima, but to all the 30m inhabitants of Perú. Originality/value Presents an unified vision of the social, economic and political deficiencies to the provision of services to a city concentrating the population of a country.
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STEPANENKO, Anatolii y Alla OMELCHENKO. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT". Economy of Ukraine 2018, n.º 1 (3 de enero de 2018): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.040.
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A definition of ecological modernization is given and analysis of its existing definitions is carried out. The tasks of ecological modernization, which envisage transformation of society, superindustrialization, reorientation of technologies for the restoration of ecological balance, restructuring of the economy and formation of a technological society, are outlined. The key elements of ecological modernization and its ecological imperatives are singled out. It is shown that mainly anthropocentric approaches and invariability of the priority of economic interests are traced in theoretical development of models of ecological modernization. It is highlighted that to prevent further degradation of ecosystems, a new ecocentric worldview and a high level of ecological consciousness are necessary. It is determined that the main forms of ecological modernization aimed at solving the environmental problems under conditions of limited and depleted natural resources are: environmentally directed development of industry; technological platforms of ecological development; ecologization of economic development; inplementation and development of clean production and environmental technologies. It is disclosed that in Ukraine over the past years the level of ecological modernization of the economy has increased, as evidenced by the share of capital investments in integrated technologies of the volume of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources and development of the production of innovative products, including new types of machines, equipment, devices, devices. The vast majority of the integrated technology activities are not in line with the V and VI waves of innovation, not mentioning the VII, which began in highly developed countries. It is substantiated that new model of modernization of social development should include not only the change and introduction of new technologies, but also deep institutional, social and cultural transformations. It is determined that in addition to three prospects for the development of ecological modernization – eco-saving business and consumption, effective protection of the natural environment, the ecologization of society – the fourth is also possible: emancipation of nature, that is, socialization and personalization of nature. The strategic directions of ecological modernization of socio-economic development of Ukraine are proposed and its key tasks regarding the formation of a modernizing type of ecologically oriented activity of society are determined.
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Jamontt, Marta Joanna, Karol Kociszewski y Johannes Platje. "WROCŁAWSKI BUDŻET OBYWATELSKI JAKO NARZĘDZIE DO WZMACNIANIA KAPITAŁU NATURALNEGO I ODPORNOŚCI MIASTA NA ZMIANY KLIMATU W LATACH 2016-2018". Studia Miejskie 37 (24 de febrero de 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.1523.
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Participatory budgets are a popular form of co-decision of residents about public space and quality of life in the city. Projects submitted to participatory budgets respond to needs such as recreation, health, communication and safety. This article evaluates the projects from 2016-2018 of the Wroclaw Participatory Budget in terms of aspects related to the wider issue of natural capital and climate change. The results obtained indicate that despite increasing financial outlays on projects that can contribute to strengthening environmental and climate aspects, the share of investments directly targeted at their implementation is relatively small. A total of 201 projects were analyzed, of which 12% directly and 18% indirectly referred to issues related to natural capital and/or climate change.
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Gazman, V. "The Impact of Alternative Models of Leasing on Financing Investments". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 7 (20 de julio de 2013): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-7-82-97.
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For the modernization of the economy some specific financial technologies can be useful. They have hardly been used in Russia, but can greatly increase the share of leasing in investment and attract domestic and foreign capital in new projects, including infrastructure, extend financial leverage of loans. This article explores the benefits of innovative models of leasing, theoretical and methodological aspects of their formation, identifies the criteria for using the proposed models, and conducts regression analysis of factors that influence the pricing of large-scale leasing projects. These models expand the line of investment products, promote competition between sources of funding of leasing.
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Chopra, Tripti y Punit Kakrecha. "GREEN FINANCE: THE PRACTICES OF BANKS AND PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMERS". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i5.2015.3011.
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Green financing is a term which is trending these days. Significant evidence was traced in 2007 when business week reportedly said that a fifteen-fold rise was there in sustainable mutual fund investment. There is a shift from capital formation to energy efficiency in investments. In 1980s and 1990s the focus of investments was mostly on economically viable projects. But this is the era when the focus has been shifted to environmentally viable projects. There are many companies which are following green finance concept so as to sustain in long run. A report on “Measures for ensuring sustained growth of Indian manufacturing sector” or Prime Minister’s group headed by V Krishnamurthy recommended for promotion of clean technologies to achieve the aim of sustainable growth. The major objective of this paper is to study several aspects of green financing with respect to Indian scenario and it would also verify the practicability of green financing in Indian Banking sector. Green financing is now becoming a trending concept in the industry. Besides all the facts, the public is also demanding a company to be environmentally sensitive. Due to this reason many business houses have already started green financing. But this is indeed a crucial time for the companies to cope up with standards and norms of Green financing. Environmental improvements and economic growth should go hand in hand specially in countries like India so as to sustain and develop in long run.
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Graboviy, Petr. "Environmental aspects of substantiation of the production decision efficiency". MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305017.
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The current scale of industrial production is characterized by the intensive use of natural resources and the growth of waste pollution of the environment. A long-term program is needed to implement targeted measures to coordinate the prospects for the development of national economy and nature protection. Its implementation requires significant capital investment. To increase the efficiency of their use, a scientifically sound methodology for the economic evaluation of the most important types of natural resources and measures to protect the environment is necessary. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of such a methodology. Its most important task is to articulate and agree on a single theoretical basis the calculations of the economic efficiency of production decisions with the requirements for the protection of the natural environment. This chapter is devoted to the coverage of these issues.
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Petrov, A. M., L. M. Sembieva, N. I. Golysheva, R. A. Ivanov y N. K. Muravitskaya. "EVALUATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF JAPANESE COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE NEED TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY". BULLETIN 2, n.º 390 (15 de abril de 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.53.
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Being one of the most important tools of the national economy, foreign direct investment provides means for production expansion, creating employment opportunities and jobs, accelerating structural changes, improving the country’s financial standing in foreign relations, increasing its foreign exchange reserves, reducing budget holdbacks, and improving its credit rating. In Russia, foreign investments are primarily made through capital contributions by registered foreign residents. According to official reports, in the total annual capital inflows into the Russian Federation, 10 to 12% are attributable to foreign direct investment, 1 to 2% - to indirect investment, and up to 80% - to other investments. The current state of the world economy is characterized by many challenges: from increased competition and a new round of trade wars between major economic powers to a shift in emphasis in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities from exclusively financial to mainly non-financial, including environmental and social aspects. The corresponding economic conditions, coupled with significant political and economic pressure from a number of countries, sharply raise the issue of developing new approaches to determining the effectiveness of their own activities. Determining the effectiveness of business entities is necessary in order to ensure timely and adequate assessment of their business model from the perspective of key stakeholders and to develop an effective strategy for long-term sustainable functioning in the new business environment. This issue is particularly relevant for those economic entities that implement their activities, including through foreign representative offices. Determining the effectiveness of business entities ' representative offices abroad and evaluating their strategic performance, in addition to differences in approaches to accounting and public reporting, is also complicated by the specifics of the legal status of representative offices of economic entities, as well as the processes of legal regulation of their activities in different countries.
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Svinous, N. "Theoretical basis of concept interpretation of "investment" and "investment activity"". Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, n.º 1 (148) (30 de mayo de 2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-89-99.
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It is proved that dynamic and efficient development of investment activity is a prerequisite for ensuring economic growth of the country and ensuring reproductive dynamics on an innovative basis. Activation of investment activity results in the manifestation of economic, environmental, social effects at the macro, meso and micro levels. The approaches of foreign and domestic theory of investment activity are generalized, the methods of state regulation of the investment process are systematized, which facilitated the substantiation of the components of the investment mechanism. The means of cognition and economic categories are described as an instrument for understanding the functioning of the investment mechanism and the financial regulation of the activities of investment institutes, as well as the results and means of this knowledge used in the theory and practice of studying the problems of improving the investment mechanism. The information and analytical provision by statistical authorities of the process of studying investment processes in the context of the main forms of investment is emphasized, investments in fixed capital are described, which characterize direct investments in the reproduction of fixed assets of economic entities. The peculiarities of investing activities of agricultural enterprises and the main forms of its implementation are characterized. It is substantiated that investment activity is one of the types of economic activity, which represents an important form of realization of the economic interests of its participants, namely increasing competitiveness, stability and sustainability of functioning in the conditions of a changing environment of an agricultural enterprise. It was established that investment activity to ensure the reproduction of the components of resource support of enterprises is oriented towards capital investments for the following purposes: timely updating of basic means of production, introduction of new or improved equipment, equipment, technologies, new high-quality varieties of plants and animal breeds, etc., which leads to significant positive changes in production activity. The main elements of the project documentation and the procedure for conducting their examination are described. It is proved that investment activity on the reproduction of resource support is connected with the provision of positive reproductive dynamics in the processes of economic activity, which are achieved by the interaction of the complex of organizational and economic mechanisms, and the purposeful development of the agricultural enterprise and the economy of the industry as a whole. Presented measures related to the processes of reproduction of resource supply of agricultural enterprises, provide long-term sustainable development, which involves achievement of high financial and economic results, social and ecological effect, while using the resources available at the disposal of the enterprise are highlighted. These aspects are closely linked to the formation of a reproductive policy of an agricultural enterprise on the principles of sustainable development. Key words: investment, investment activity, enterprise, investment risk, resources, investments.
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Dudnik, Alexey V. y Tatyana A. Cherdakova. "Investment Strategies for Increasing the Agribusiness Competitiveness". Economy of Region 17, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-20.
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Nowadays, investment in national agri-food systems is of significant interest, as it is a necessary condition for implementing large-scale technological innovations which are crucial not only for this particular system, but for Russian economy in general. The research aims to study how investments affect the competitiveness of the Russian agri-food system and to propose a conceptual framework for strategic agribusiness management at the regional and national levels. We hypothesise that competitiveness indicators, including cost intensity of production, depend on the investment in agribusiness. Due to low access to credit, agricultural companies look for alternative investment strategies, one of which is investment subsidies in commodity production. The hypothesis was tested by examining a sample of organisations engaged in agri-food production. The sample includes profitable companies investing in production development. Sample analysis confirme d th e initia l hypothesi s that investments into technological modernisation of production significantly influenc e it s competitiveness . Whe n developin g a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of agri-food systems in terms of investment provision, it is advisable to consider not only quantitative (amount of support), but also structural aspects of support. In particular, we suggest the government to introduce the practice of providing investment subsidies to agricultural commodity producers with participation in the recipients’ capital to support their development. The research results can be used in further studies concerning the management of the agribusiness competitiveness.
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Lefley, Frank y Joseph Sarkis. "How to Evaluate Capital Projects that Offer Environmental/Carbon Reduction Benefits". International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, n.º 3 (julio de 2013): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jal.2013070102.
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In many cases, projects that have strong environmental / carbon reduction benefits may be neglected due to biases associated with traditional project appraisal approaches. To reduce the level of rejections for such projects, the authors apply an innovative methodology, the financial appraisal profile (FAP) model. FAP is a normative model that seeks to address some of the issues and limitations posed by standard appraisal and evaluation approaches. By making the right decision in the first place and involving senior managers in the appraisal process, the organisation is better placed to achieve project success. The adoption of a management team approach to investment appraisals will not only enhance the information base but will also result in greater managerial commitment to a project. By adopting the FAP model with the inclusion of an environmental assessment in the form the ‘environmental score index’, will help focus top management on an increasingly important corporate strategy issue. An illustrative case study is used to outline the important aspects of this new approach. The paper concludes that this approach fills a gap in the environmental / carbon reduction investment literature, where there is a paucity of comprehensive, structured, and transparent methodologies that can prove acceptable to management decision-makers from a variety of functions and viewpoints. Keywords: Carbon Reduction, Environmental Score Index, Environmental Sustainability, Financial Appraisal Profile (FAP) Model, Investment Appraisal
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Sacco, Pierluigi y Giorgio Tavano Blessi. "The Social Viability of Culture-led Urban Transformation Processes: Evidence from the Bicocca District, Milan". Urban Studies 46, n.º 5-6 (mayo de 2009): 1115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103857.
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This paper investigates the relationships between cultural activities/investments and urban transformation processes, with reference to the transformation of the Bicocca district in the metropolitan core of Milan. Bicocca has experienced a radical change in its social, economic and environmental profile as a consequence of the transition from a heavily industrial development model to a characteristically post-industrial one. This case study offers an instructive example for the understanding of how intangible resources determine transitional modes and outcomes of urban transformation, and in particular of the leading role of cultural investment in the shaping of the local network of knowledge production and circulation, sociality and identity. The paper stresses the need to strike a careful balance between the physical and intangible components of cultural initiatives—i.e. between activities and investment in facilities (cultural `software' and `hardware' respectively). Whereas the latter provide relatively immediate benefits in terms of economic impact and of endowment of usable physical capital, it is equally necessary to pursue carefully selected programmes of initiatives that involve and challenge the local community at various levels, fostering a social attitude based on intrinsic motivation rather than on instrumental opportunism. Without proper, supporting `social software', massive investment in new cultural facilities may assume a dysfunctional `cosmetic' character that is likely to exacerbate the critical aspects of urban transformation rather than tempering them.
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Abdussalam, Abdalla Geth y Mohd Ridzuan Darun. "Exploring the Relationship between Working Capital Management, Profitability and Capital Structure". Accounting and Finance Review (AFR) Vol.2(1) Jan-Mar 2017 2, n.º 1 (12 de marzo de 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/afr.2017.2.1(6).
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Objective - This paper explores the relationship between working capital management (WCM), profitability and capital structure. A preliminary framework provides an understanding of the role of WCM components with capital structure and profitability. Methodology/Technique - From the review of empirical studies it is confirmed that WCM is a main component in the financial aspects of the firms as even though WCM is targeted for the short-term decisions it has effect on the firm for the long-run. Findings - Companies need to use working capital policy and procedures in order to navigate performance. Emphasizing on WCM would lead to formal cost controls and performance together with firm's growth and productivity. The framework is set to help financial manager of the firms to balance the costs and benefits of debt and equity and reduce common obstacles on managing cash flows for long-term fixed investment. Novelty - The preliminary framework is original and unique that will contribute towards the enrichment of relevant literature. Practically, this study contributes to provide a better understanding of the managers and enable them to apply WCM strategies and make sure the firm is able to meet the stakeholder requirements. Type of Paper Review Keywords: Working Capital Management; Capital Structure; Profitability; JEL Classification: O16, M41.
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Takácsné György, Katalin. "Economic aspects of an agricultural innovation – precision crop production". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, n.º 1-2 (30 de junio de 2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/6.
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Innovation in agriculture ensures the wide-spread use of the latest, up-to-date technology. Such new technology is precision farming in crop production, which serves as a validation of the criteria of environmental and economic sustainability. The economic applicability of precision crop production depends on several factors.Among them the following aspects must be emphasized: the size of the farm, the characteristics of the production structure, the current input-output prices and their tendencies, the investment needed for transitioning to precision technology and its capital source, the level of professional knowledge and the managerial attitudes of the farm. I have examined the economic relations between potential savings in chemicals on EU level. It has been found that after switching to precision farming, the active ingredient use for fertilizers can be reduced by 340 thousand tons at the same expected yield level in an optimistic scenario in the EU-27, while the savings in pesticide use can be 30 thousand tons (calculating with the current dose-level). If approximately 30% of the crop producing and mixed farms over 16 ESU adopt this new technology, this will diminish environmental loads by up to 10-35%. The majority of farms characterized by greater output and size can be based on their own equipment but it might as well be presumed that smaller farms can turn to precision farming not based on their own investment. They can buy the technical service from providers, they can establish producer cooperation, for example in the frame of machinery rings. At a certain farm size and farming intensity precision crop production is a real, environmentally friendly farming strategy, with the help of which the farm can reach earnings that cover at least the economic conditions of simple reproduction.
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Janicka, Małgorzata. "Sustainable Growth of International Financial Markets in the Context of International Capital Flows". Central European Review of Economics & Finance 23, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2018.003.
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In relation to financial markets sustainable growth is usually understood in a simplified and one-dimensional way as a share of financial market in the flow of investment resources from investors to projects that form part of broadly understood corporate social responsibility (CSR). Sustainable growth is usually described as an interconnection of three elements: economy, society, and environment. In such an approach the point of gravity clearly shifts towards the environmental dimension (natural resources) and the impact of economic growth upon the environment. However, if we assume that sustainable development per se goes beyond environmental and social aspects, we need to consider whether we could interpret the idea of “sustainable growth of the financial market” in relation to how economic system operates. In the paper the approach in the context of changes that take place in international financial markets and their impact upon stability of relations in international economy is proposed. The interest focuses especially on one of these elements, i.e., changes in the volume and structure of international capital flows. Hence, the goal of the paper is to analyse selected international aspects of capital flows against the background of challenges to sustainable growth of the global economy.
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Dunas, N. V. "Global Trends anTheoretic aspects of the formation and development of public-private partnership (PPP) are studied. By using a systemic approach, it is determined that the most important factor in improving the efficiency of public-private partnership is its institutional support. It is substantiated that globally, the PPP is mostly initiated by public authorities, which can be explained by a number of reasons. Firstly, public authorities are responsible for the country's strategic development. Secondly, public authorities formulate "rules of the game" for businesses and individuals, plan capital investments, and select PPP entities that are a priority in terms of public interest. In fact, it is the state that undertakes to address objectives facing society. Therefore, nowadays the importance of creating a favorable institutional environment to develop PPPs is recognized at all the levels of economic management and is emphasized in the scientific community. It is proved that the interests of public authorities, private businesses and the community are reconciled through the complementation of political, legal, and socio-economic norms and rules of conduct. The functions of public authorities at the national and regional levels of government are systematized. d Initiatives in Forming the Green Bonds Market in the Context of COVID-19". PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, n.º 48 (2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-2-4-16.
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The article is aimed at studying the current global trends and national initiatives in forming a green bonds market in Ukraine through attracting investment to implement environmentally important projects in the area of energy conservation. The essence and key features of “green” bonds as an effective financial instrument for the implementation of environmentally friendly projects in economy are revealed. Analytical review of the green bond market development in the international space and European countries has helped to identify global investment trends and a number of essential features of “green bonds” as a lucrative investment asset in the long run, which brings positive socio-economic and environmental effects. The legal base and regulatory aspect of the formation of the green bonds market in the national economy is compared with those of the developed countries. The main provisions of forming the state policy on the green bond market in Ukraine are analyzed, taking into account the expected results of attracting finance in the sphere of energy efficiency. The risks and promising areas of implementing the Concept of introduction and development of the green bonds market in Ukraine is identified on the basis of changing trends in the investment sphere of the global financial market. It is substantiated that the potential of market development in Ukraine creates the basis for attracting investment capital in various areas of energy efficiency and helps our country to join global trends of greening the national economy in the context of the pandemic. It is proved that the green bond market can compete with investments in virtual assets and will have a long-term economic effect in the process of modernizing the national economy in the period of global climate change and COVID-19.
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Shaposhnykov, Kostiantyn y Kateryna Okayanyuk. "ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN THE PROCESS OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE". Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, n.º 2 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-2-15.
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The purpose of the article is a systemic economic analysis of the investment climate in the process of ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine. European integration strategy of Ukraine necessitates the formation of an investment climate in order to adapt to European requirements, create a development strategy to integrate with developed countries, harmonize economic trade and environmental processes. Methodology. In the course of this analysis, the investment climate was considered as a complex open system with the application in the study of the methodology of systemic analysis, which allowed to emphasize certain aspects of the specific nature of its operation. Results. It is established that in modern conditions of acceleration of transformation processes the mechanisms of expansion of investment opportunities and overcoming of investment restrictions at all levels of hierarchy of taxonomic systems are characterized by any importance and intensity. At the global level, this affects the international movement of capital and the formation of world investment wealth through the internationalization of the economies of different countries. At the national level, this applies to regulatory and legal support, formation of institutional support for investment processes, diversification of ownership, sources and types of investment resources. At the local and territorial levels, it is especially important to ensure investment in human capital and the social sphere. The factors of negative influence on the development of Ukrainian industry are determined: reduction of world prices for ferrous metals; national gaps in the development of railway transport causing problems with logistics; the need to repair production facilities in the fields of metallurgy, electricity, gas and steam, carbonite and refining; low level of yield in agriculture (for the food industry); sanctions of the Russian Federation; inflation; reduction in use of electricity and gas due to global warming; market advantage of imports of competitive products. The priority tasks for the development of Ukrainian industry are also outlined: renewal of industrial production facilities; development of infrastructure and logistics; balancing of external and internal market conditions; providing the food industry by increasing the volume of agricultural production; ensuring the purchasing power of domestic consumers and expanding demand. It is established that the level of capital investments in the first half of 2020 lags significantly behind the previous year. In addition, with the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the situation with the inflow of foreign direct investment in Ukraine has also deteriorated significantly. According to preliminary results, the balance of FDI amounted to -112.6%. This was not the case even in the unfavorable economic development of 2014, which was characterized as a crisis period associated with the military conflict in the east and the annexation of Crimea. Practical implications. The analysis of the peculiarities of the investment climate and its goals allows to determine the role of investment in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, to identify key priorities in solving environmental problems, to form the potential for sustainable development. For Ukraine, these are components of the formation of the investment climate in a pandemic. Value/originality. The use of systems analysis allows to identify the main problems of formation of the investment climate in modern conditions.
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Асадулліна, Наіля Рамілівна. "МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ УЗБЕКИСТАН". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, n.º 4 (1 de febrero de 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.4.01.
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Formulation of the problem. This article reveals the theoretical aspects of the implementation of the process of modeling the socio-economic aspects of society, taking into account the developed development strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the foreseeable future. The aim of the research is to characterize the process of modeling socio-economic processes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The object of the research is the processes of development of environmental economics in Uzbekistan. The methods used in the research are logical, comparative, analytical, scientific and methodological. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption of the dependence of the size of the cost of recovering the ecological balance on the volume of national non-financial production assets. The statement of basic materials. The degradation and depletion of natural resources requires capital investments to develop new resources and enhance the exploitation of existing ones. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the author substantiates the interrelation of the diseases of modern man with unfavorable environmental conditions arising through his own fault. The corresponding state of the environment determines up to 20% of morbidity and 50% of oncological diseases. A multiple correlation-regression analysis of the development of the national economy has been carried out. Conclusions of the research consist in justifying the fact that ecologically oriented structural reorganization involves a large-scale redistribution, overflow of resources from primary (agriculture and extractive industries) to secondary sectors of the economy (processing industry, construction, transport, communications), and then to tertiary (intellectual activities and services).
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Yukhnovska, Yu. "Balanced development of tourism industry in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions". Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 70, n.º 3 (2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.03.043.
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The state of balanced development of the tourism industry potential in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions, and the latest publications of scientists and specialists concerning this problem are investigated; the social subsystem of Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions for identification the balance and impact of indicators on the development of the tourism industry in the country’s regions, such as the dynamics of the labor market in Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions (employment rate; unemployment rate; average number of full-time employees; the level of average monthly wages) is analyzed; the ecological subsystem of balanced development of the tourism industry potential (analysis of capital investments in environmental protection by types of environmental measures; current expenditures for environmental protection) is analyzed; the main negative ecological and sociocultural consequences of the tourism industry in the regions of Ukraine are revealed in this paper. The main problems and the influence of various factors on the balanced development of the tourism industry potential are identified. Negative consequences of tourism impact on ecological and social subsystems are revealed. It is determined that while developing economic instruments for the formation of balanced development of the country’s tourism industry potential special attention should be paid to investment, credit, tax and budgetary and organizational and structural aspects. The direct and indirect influence of the tourism industry on the regions economy is revealed. The dynamics of the tourism industry in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the balanced development of the tourism industry potential in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions is influenced by natural-geographical, historical-cultural, economic, material-technical, demographic, social, political, legal and environmental factors. The factors that inhibit and negatively affect the balanced development of the tourism industry potential of Ukraine, which include outdated material and technical base, low level of tourism products competitiveness, low quality of services, technological backwardness, lack of proper tourist infrastructure are investigated and reflected in this research in detail.
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Yuliani, Febri. "Kemitraan Pemerintah, Dunia Usaha, dan Masyarakat dalam Sektor Transportasi Publik". JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, n.º 2 (25 de julio de 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i2.124.
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Human mobility has been started since time immemorial, the activities carried out by a variety of purposes, among others, to find food, looking for a better place to live, flee from the invasion of other people and so on. In the mobility often brings the goods or not carrying goods. Therefore diperluhkan tool as a means of transportation. This article describes how to build a partnership between government, business and society in the public transport sector. The method used is: a method literature. Aspects of efficiency resulting from the development of transport in order to increase total factor productivity, a major factor to determine the extent of the relationship between transport and the economy. This is the basis for determining whether an increase in the supply of transport can provide something that is meaningful to increased competition or increased economic growth, social and environmental sustainability. Problems funding needs huge investments for the development of the transport sector can be overcome if the funds were handed over to private sector development as an owner of capital, while the government as a component of regulators should be bold and assertive in policy-making that comes from the community.
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Shimamura, Takuya y Takeshi Mizunoya. "Sustainability Prediction Model for Capital City Relocation in Indonesia Based on Inclusive Wealth and System Dynamics". Sustainability 12, n.º 10 (25 de mayo de 2020): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104336.
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Based on inclusive wealth (IW), this paper evaluates the impact and sustainability of the Indonesian government’s decision to relocate the capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan in terms of economic, human, and environmental aspects. This paper develops an integrated prediction simulation model based on IW and system dynamics and sets three scenarios, depending on the expected population recovery in Jakarta and the increased immigration into the new capital city (NCC) from the nearby areas after the public sector relocates. The most reliable scenario projects benefit of USD 169 billion in IW in 2050, equivalent to 2.41% of the expected cumulative real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Indonesia from 2021 to 2050. Regarding the sustainability of the relocation, the current investment plans are not sustainable, largely because of the negative impact on human capital, comprising the education and health capital caused by the income gap between Jakarta and the NCC, and due to depreciation of produced capital. This study makes a significant contribution to the integrated evaluation of capital city relocations for Indonesia and beyond, because no previous study of such relocations combines produced, human, and natural capital. This is the first policy evaluation to include the impact of migration on IW, which plays an important role in IW literature, because population is a key model factor.
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Garkushenko, Оksana. "System-dynamic model for assessing the digitalization impact on sustainable development". Economy of Industry 1, n.º 93 (25 de marzo de 2021): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.01.020.
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Such a timely phenomenon in the modern world as digitalization can become a tool for achieving sustainable development goals. But it is new, and its benefits and threats are not well understood. This problem can be partially solved by creating economic and mathematical models for assessing the impact of digitalization on sustainable development. Nonetheless, most of the existing models in this field are devoted to defining the impact of digitalization on the economic aspects of countries' activities, and environmental ones are either ignored or presented approximately, with significant abstraction. Despite this, the objective of the paper is to develop and implement an economic and mathematical model, which in a generalized form can be used for different countries of the world, subject to its certain adaptation and detailing of national indicators. This approach allows to take into account the difference in the social and economic situation of countries and levels of their digitalization, which makes it possible to draw more valid conclusions based on the results of estimations. The proposed model is built on the basis of the system dynamics method, which takes into account the path-dependence, and is implemented on the example of Ukraine. With its help, two computational experiments were carried out: an inertial one (a forecast for 5 years, provided that all the current patterns of digitalization of the country's economy are preserved) and a scenario, in which patterns of investing in digital capital in Ukraine change (to the patterns of European countries – Spain and Hungary), while maintaining the rest conditions unchanged. Using this model, it was defined that digital equipment and technologies as part of the environmental capital of the Ukrainian industry, as well as non-digital equipment and technologies, have an extremely small impact on reducing energy consumption and do not contribute to a significant reduction in the air pollution. Provided that the current situation persists (the inertial scenario), emissions of pollutants into the air in 2024 may even grow by 0.8% compared to 2019. During the experiment on investment patterns’ replacement in Ukraine with the patterns of Hungary and Spain, it was found that despite the change in the nature and (in the case of Hungary) the direction of investments in digital equipment and technologies, which significantly affected their amount (both in manufacturing and environmental capital), while the rest conditions for the functioning of industry remain unchanged, the indicators of value added, energy consumption, employees’ sickness rate and air pollution level stay practically the same as before such a replacement. Therefore, the "blind" copying of the digitalization practices of other countries, while maintaining unchanged other conditions, without taking into account the peculiarities of the national institutional environment, the degree of development of science and technology, is inappropriate, since it does not lead to an improvement in the situation in Ukraine. The general conclusion is that digitalization by itself is not able to reverse the current unfavorable trends in development of Ukraine for the better. It is necessary to achieve fundamental changes in the growth of the real sector of the economy on an innovative basis, in the amount and structure of investments, in the propensity of economic entities to invest, which is now at a low level, and also to form an integral industrial-digital ecosystem, similar to European ones, but taking into account the heterogeneity of European economies and their experience, as well as the characteristics of the current state and dynamics of development of the technical, technological and institutional environment of Ukraine.
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Kuznietsova, Nataliia S., Natalia M. Onishchenko y Oleksii O. Kot. "Legal Aspects of the Opening of Ukraine’s Land Markets". Environmental Policy and Law 50, n.º 3 (21 de diciembre de 2020): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200224.
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Creating a land market is one of the most debated and politicised issues of Ukraine’s environmental and agricultural policy. There is an urgent need to examine the following issues (among others): a) identifying priority measures for establishing the land market; b) studying the experience of public land management so as to further adapt the land legislation of Ukraine to the requirements of the European Union; and c) maintaining the domestic agrarian sector in the context of effective conservation of the State’s land resources. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the preconditions and realities of opening up the agricultural land market in Ukraine, including to formulate sound conclusions on the practical consequences of such reforms for domestic landowners. It was researched applying two basic approaches to scientific cognition – general scientific methods and special legal methods. It elaborates the conditions for the introduction of a land market in Ukraine; analyses the historical prerequisites for the implementation of land reform; identifies the main risks for landowners that come into play with the opening of the land market; and formulates further directions of improvement of relevant legal regulations and mechanisms. Noting that currently Ukrainians have the least amount of investment capital and extremely limited access to loans, it concludes that, under current legislation, without a clear definition of the right to purchase their own land, the holders of private farms and other small farmers will struggle to gain access to the Ukrainian land market.
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Sagay, Kathleen Iin Grace, Agnes Estephina Loho y Melissa Lady Gisela Tarore. "ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA DODOL SALAK (STUDI KASUS: UD MANDIRI DI DESA PANGU SATU KECAMATAN RATAHAN TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA)". AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 15, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.15.1.2019.23593.
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The objective of this research is to analyze the level of financial feasibility of dodol "UD Mandiri" in Pangu Satu Village, Ratahan Timur Sub-District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019. Research Methods Case Study. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from direct interviews with business owners UD Mandiri. Whereas secondary data is obtained from companies, books available at local bookstores and on the internet such as Google Scholar to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities relating to the topic of this research are mainly concerned with financial analysis.Analysis of existing data using qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are carried out to find out the dodol business characteristics that are presented in non-financial aspects in descriptive form, tables, charts or images, graphics such as process/production aspects, marketing aspects, legal aspects, environmental aspects,environmental aspects. Quantitative methods uses quantitative numbers regarding financial feasibility such as Net Present Value (NPV), Net B / C Ratio, Internal Rate Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP). There search result showed by using its own capital, UD Mandiri salak dodol business is declared feasible with an NPV value of Rp103.045.440, IRR (Internal Rate Return) or investment return of 60%, more than the UKM interest rate ( 6%) and Net B / C Ratio of 1,012, greater than one and payback period for two years.*jnkd+erprm*
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Khan, Salman, Yiqing Guan, Farhan Khan y Zeeshan Khan. "A Comprehensive Index for Measuring Water Security in an Urbanizing World: The Case of Pakistan’s Capital". Water 12, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010166.
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Growing population, increasing urbanization, and rural to urban migration, coupled with the ongoing climate change, threaten the sustainability of cities, particularly in developing countries. Previous studies indicate numerous deficiencies in the water supply and sewage systems of Islamabad; however, a comprehensive insight into the water security assessment has not been carried out. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the urban water security of Islamabad by taking both human and environmental aspects into consideration. In principle, we achieve this objective by implementing the Water Security Assessment Framework, using five distinct parameters to calculate an urban water security index. The water supply dimension incorporates availability, accessibility, affordability, and the quality of drinking water in the city, whereas, sanitation and health dimension measures access to improved drainage systems as well as the state of overall hygiene of the city inhabitants. Furthermore, the water economy dimension includes water productivity and investment aspects in the study area, while the environment and ecosystem dimension looks into the current state of natural water bodies. Similarly, overall management and public support for freshwater resources are measured in the society and governance dimension. In general, we attempt to better comprehend water-security nexus in the federal capital considering it as a prerequisite to ensure a sustainable future for the city dwellers.
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Mikołajek-Gocejna, Magdalena. "The Environmental, Social and Governance Aspects of Social Responsibility Indices – A Comparative Analysis of European SRI Indices". Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, n.º 3 (18 de septiembre de 2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0017.
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An increasing number of investors want to invest their capital not only with profit but also responsibly, and they pay significant attention to the formula of socially responsible investing (SRI), which means that they consciously engage their funds in companies operating in accordance with CSR principles. An important influence on the development of CSR is the role of stock exchange indices on socially responsible companies. These indices can be considered specific tools for adapting this concept in practice, in particular in the field of socially responsible investment. This article provides a comparative analysis of the social, environmental and governance criteria underlying the definition of the composition of selected European SRI indices. The research will cover the following indices: the DJSI Europe Index, the FTSE4Good Europe 40, the FTSE4Good Europe 50, the EURO STOXX Sustainability 40 and the Solactive Sustainability Index Europe. This paper also intends to set an index reflecting the degree to which companies of certain European countries are represented in major European SRI indices. Consequently, global and national initiatives and ratings were excluded, as well as sector‑and industry‑specific initiatives and ratings. The proposed index is standardized by introducing the GDP of each country into the calculation formula as a way to a achieve comparable result. We believe that the proposed metric will reflect the state of the art in SRI and provide an overall picture of SRI practices across nations.
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Durica, Marek, Danuse Guttenova, Ludovit Pinda y Lucia Svabova. "Sustainable Value of Investment in Real Estate: Real Options Approach". Sustainability 10, n.º 12 (7 de diciembre de 2018): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124665.
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The issue of application of real option valuation approach in the valuation of investment project is presented in the article in a way in which the flexibility of the project could be included in the process of its valuation. The authors apply the valuation approach in case of a specific investment project in the real estate in the capital city of the Czech Republic—Prague, using the option to expand, to contract, and to abandon the project. The main aim of this case study is to present a practical application of the investment valuation and to construct an option pricing model for real estate investment which considers and integrates as many aspects of the investment and market environment as possible to describe the best situation of the real estate market and its development. The valuation of the investment is carried out using a universally applicable numerical method of binomial trees. The results obtained are subjected to the sensitivity analysis with respect to the discount rate, value of the most influential parameter of the volatility and the input option parameters. The results of the valuation of the project obtained using the real option approach are important mainly for the management of the company in the process of quantification of the present value of future investments. Implementation of managerial interventions enables for optimizing the value of the project not only in case of favourable development of the real estate market, but particularly in case of unfavourable development. Therefore, they are important in order to protect an investor from potential high losses. Finally, the valuation of these interventions increases the present value of the project, contributing to the decision of the corporate management regarding its implementation.
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Gyura, Gábor. "ESG and bank regulation". Economy & finance 7, n.º 4 (2020): 366–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2020.4.1.
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The evaluation of data based on environmental, social sustainability and respon-sible corporate governance-related factors (together: ESG), and the assessment of companies and of investments made in them on this basis, has hitherto es-sentially taken place within a market-based evaluative framework developing in an entirely evolutive manner. However, ESG has gained so much importance on capital markets in recent years that the voices calling for some of its aspects to be regulated anyway have grown increasingly louder. This is particularly the case in the banking sector, where – contrary to asset man-agement – ESG has seldom been in the spotlight thus far. As a reaction to this, the ESG approach is set to gradually materialise within EU bank regulation in the coming years, primarily in the context of risk management expectations and re-porting requirements, as well as in bank supervision. The new rules may present a significant challenge on less developed markets, and thus for Hungarian banks, principally in the area of data collection. Compliance will nevertheless have the positive benefit of enabling credit institutions to gain a more accurate picture of how sustainably their clients operate, and how resistant they are to climate change and other megatrends, as well as to the related sweeping and profound economic, social and regulatory changes.
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Cameron, Helen E., Frances T. Boreland, Jocelyn R. Morris, David M. Lyle, David A. Perkins, Parker J. Magin, Melanie J. Marshall y Nicholas A. Zwar. "New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Researcher Development Program 2005–07: modest investment, considerable outcomes". Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, n.º 1 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11155.
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This evaluation of the Researcher Development Program (RDP) in NSW and ACT aimed to determine whether the RDP was effective in assisting novice researchers to undertake primary health care research. In mid-2008, 47 participants of the NSW and ACT RDP during 2005–07 were invited to participate in a postal survey. The survey included questions regarding previous research training and experience, outcomes during and after participation in the program, and organisational aspects of the program. Follow-up interviews were conducted with selected participants. Interview questions covered time in the program, supervision, organisational support and placement outcomes. Thirty-seven participants responded to the survey and 23 (62%) participants took part in the semi-structured interviews. Seventy-eight per cent of survey respondents felt that the RDP helped them move from novice to a more experienced researcher with effective supervision identified by participants as a key element in determining the success of the program. Many felt that time allocation was inadequate and 20% thought their capacity to maintain their workload was adversely affected by participating. Outcomes were considerable given the modest nature of the program. Notable outcomes were that most participants published their research and presented their research at a conference. Furthermore, one-fifth of survey respondents had enrolled in higher degrees. Several interviewees reported that their research led to changes in practice. Most respondents found the RDP valuable and considered that undertaking the program increased their research knowledge.
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McGrath-Champ, S. "Labour Management Space, and Restructuring of the Australian Coal Industry". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1993): 1295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251295.
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This paper contributes to our understanding of industrial change by developing a crucial area of interface—industrial restructuring and the management of labour. Until recently, labour management has been underrecognised in geographical studies of industrial development and change, yet management decisionmaking and strategic choice permeate all aspects of capital—labour relations. Similarly, spatial dimensions have rarely been acknowledged as an element in labour research. The author adopts a ‘restructuring framework’ which integrates spatial insights from industrial geography with the agency of capitalist management and an investment approach to employment relations. After the study has been situated within the vast literature on coal, the strengths of this joint conceptual approach are demonstrated in the context of the Australian coal industry.
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Wang, Jian, Jin-Chun Huang, Shan-Lin Huang, Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng y Ting Zhu. "Improvement Path for Resource-Constrained Cities Identified Using an Environmental Co-Governance Assessment Framework Based on BWM-mV Model". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2021): 4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094969.
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Global warming and extreme weather have increased most people’s awareness of the problem of environmental destruction. In the domain of sustainable development, environmental governance has received considerable scholarly attention. However, protecting and improving the environment requires not only substantial capital investment but also cooperation among stakeholders. Therefore, based on the network structure of stakeholders, the best–worst method (BWM) and modified Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje method were combined to form an environmental co-governance assessment framework that can be used to evaluate the effects of various policies and identify strategies for further improvement through data analysis (henceforth the BWM-mV model). This mechanism is not only useful for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental governance policies but also for generating suggestions to enhance these policies. Hence, the BWM-mV model is particularly suitable for local governments with limited resources in time, money, or labor. Pingxiang City Government is currently subject to such limitations and was therefore selected as the subject of an empirical case study. The results of this study revealed that the aspects (i.e., criteria) the Pingxiang City Government should urgently improve on pertain to a high-quality information communication platform (C13) and smooth joint decision-making by stakeholders (C24).
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Geiger, Pedro P. "Regiões fronteira no Brasil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 17 (1 de diciembre de 1994): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1994_0_53-64.
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Four aspects of Brazilian Frontier Regions are emphasized: - their size, being part of a country of continental dimensions; - their tropical character; - their historical role as a valve for social tensions, in a country which for long presents very strong social inequalities.different modalities of frontier-regions, those which represent the technological development, the ones which represent the advance of the ecumene, the "interior frontier regions", and the regions located on the limitis of the country. The size of the country permited for decades the movement of the frontier line to the West, the advance of the ecumene. But inside the more developed Eastern parts of the country, some enclaves of less settled territories, appear recently as "interior frontier regions". During the 19th and part of the 20th century, tropical and subtropical forested areas of the frontier were the targets for timber and crops production, while the savannas and grasslands were dedicated to cattle rising. Later an inversion occured, production of cereals, like soya beens, developed in the savannas and grasslands, while cattle occupied deforested areas of the Amazon Region. The far frontier became also an important mineral producer and attracts tourism. The frontier was, in a some extent, a subsitute for an agrarian land reform, offering conditions for social vertical mobility. More recently,however, it is loosing this function, as capital investments are directed to cattle rising, mining and timber production. Political issues deal with the social relations between incomers and old populations in the frontier regions and with the environmental questions.
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Spahn, P. B. "Taxation and Grants Policy in Multilevel Government: Options for the European Community". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 1992): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c100037.
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The development of the European Community is likely to be financed through expansion of tax sharing on VAT and by introducing general-revenue sharing indirectly. Tax sharing on VAT does not necessarily imply the harmonisation of tax rates, however. Other options for revenue equalisation schemes are the transfer of tax bases to the centre that exhibits implicit distributional effects. It is argued that capital taxation is the Achilles heel of any future tax system given the fact that—in globalised capital markets—effective marginal tax rates will more and more influence the international flow of capital, a phenomenon that forces governments into tax competition through market processes. A cash-flow corporation tax seems to be likely to become more and more prominent as an alternative to comprehensive capital income taxation. Applied at the Community level such a tax could serve as an implicit equalisation scheme that fosters developing regions by exempting new investment while taxing the proceeds from the more mature economic areas in the EC. It would also be neutral as to investment and financing decisions and it would attract savings funds from abroad to be invested in the Community. As far as explicit equalisation is concerned, it is argued that differentials among regions are best dealt with by a system of matching grants that concentrate on aspects of allocation rather than by general-revenue redistribution. Harmonisation of personal income taxation in Europe could also be achieved by introducing a piggyback tax onto the income tax system which taxes personal consumption at a flat rate. Shifting the centre of gravitation within these two-tiers of income–consumption taxation would allow national governments to maintain their sovereignty as regards allocative and distributive policy. The consumption tax part could also form the nucleus of a future supranational direct tax.
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Liubchych, Anna. "Stimulation of innovation in the public sector: foreign experience". Law and innovations, n.º 1 (29) (31 de marzo de 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-3.
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Problem setting. One of the most important problems and obstacles to the innovative development there is an uncoordinated work of the government to identify and approve at the legislative level the main means of stimulating innovation. Target of research is to analyze some types of stimulation of innovation activities implemented in foreign countries. Disclosure of some features of the current legislation on stimulating innovation. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of innovative activity are devoted to research of a number of well-known domestic and foreign scientists-lawyers and economists: Atamanova Yu.E., Balueva O.V., Berensa V., Burman G., Davydyuk O.M., Didenko N.G., Emelianova V.M., Goncharova Yu.V., Grechan A.P., Kvasnitskaya R.S., Mavroediya E., Ravski T., Remenprit K., Vashchuk N.F., Vlasova V., Voynarenko M.P., Zadikhayla D.V., Zafara A., Zaytseva L.O., Zhornokia Yu.M., however some questions of the problem still need clarification. Article’s main body. Over the past 30 years, a global consensus has emerged on the importance of innovation as the primary means of addressing economic development, health, national security and environmental issues. Many of the world’s leading countries are making unprecedented investments in promoting innovation through increased R&D funding and ongoing support from universities and innovative small and large enterprises. They implement new programs and public-private partnerships to stimulate the commercialization of new ideas in the market. There are eight effective incentives for innovation that are used by many countries, including: incentives for corporations investing in R&D; incentives to create R&D centers; technological zones; support for company modernization; support for innovative exports; government grants and preferential loans; support for innovative public procurement; patent boxes. Regarding the legislative aspect of promoting innovation in Ukraine, the following should be noted. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine participates in the development of sectoral and crosssectoral export strategies. The corresponding initiative is foreseen in the Export Strategy of Ukraine (“Road Map” of Strategic Trade Development) for 2017-2021, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1017-r of 27.12.2017. Our state is taking some steps to stimulate innovation. However, the means enshrined in Ukrainian law have a very narrow range of influence on real relations. Tax and other benefits introduced at the end of the last century have been abolished. State guarantees for innovation are declarative in nature. The National Innovation System of Ukraine requires comprehensive use of all possible incentives. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Venture financing, which is effectively used by a number ofdeveloped countries in the world, should become an important area of development of the ID financing system in Ukraine. The key to the development of the venture capital market is the active position of the state on its support. In Ukraine, considering that venture capital investment is at an early stage of development, it is advisable, in our view, to develop a comprehensive State program for the development of venture investment in Ukraine, which has been repeatedly emphasized by scientists and practitioners. This program should include measures both for the development of information support for innovative businesses, for improving the regulatory framework of venture capital activities, and, last but not least, for a complex of tax incentives, as well as for the state’s direct involvement in financing venture investments.
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Harvie, David y Robert Ogman. "The broken promises of the social investment market". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, n.º 4 (25 de enero de 2019): 980–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19827298.
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The United Kingdom is pioneering a new model for the delivery of public services, based around the device of a social investment market. At the heart of this social investment market is an innovative new financial instrument, the social impact bond (SIB). In this paper we argue that the SIB promises (partial) solutions to four aspects of the present multifaceted crisis: the crisis of social reproduction; the crisis of capital accumulation; the fiscal crisis of the state; and the crisis of political legitimacy. In this sense, we conceive the social investment market as a crisis management strategy. We draw on evidence from the world’s first SIB, the Peterborough SIB, launched in 2010, as well as from other SIBs, in order to assess the extent to which the social investment market delivers on its four promises. In doing so, we argue that the crisis of neoliberalism and the social investment market are not only in historical correspondence, but in a relation of causality to one another. In developing this argument, this paper contributes to contemporary theories of neoliberalism by investigating how concrete state developments and societal restructuring is being advanced around the idea of linking marketization with progressive social change. It also supports critical practitioners by offering a theoretical lens to identify the contradictions of this increasingly popular policy approach.
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Grünebaum, T. y H. Bode. "The effect of public or private structures in wastewater treatment on the conditions for the design, construction and operation of wastewater treatment plants". Water Science and Technology 50, n.º 7 (1 de octubre de 2004): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0470.
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Organised in public or private structures, wastewater services have to cope with different framework conditions as regards planning, construction, financing and operation. This leads quite often to different modes of management. In recent years there has been a push for privatisation on the water sector in general, the reasons for which are manifold, ranging from access to external know-how and capital to synergistic effects through integration of wastewater treatment into other tasks of similar or equal nature. Discussed are various models of public/private partnership (PPP) in wastewater treatment, encompassing for example the delegation of partial tasks or even the proportional or entire transfer of ownership of treatment facilities to private third parties. Decisive for high performance and efficiency is not the legal or organisational form, but rather the clear and unmistakable definition of tasks which are to be assigned to the different parties, customers and all other partners involved, as well as of clear-cut interfaces. On account of the (of course legitimate) profit-oriented perspective of the private sector, some decisionmaking processes in relation to project implementation (design and construction) and to operational aspects will differ from those typically found on the public sector. This does apply to decisions on investments, financing and on technical solutions too. On the other hand, core competencies in wastewater treatment should not be outsourced, but remain the public bodies’ responsibility, even with ‘far-reaching’ privatisation models. Such core competencies are all efforts geared to sustainable wastewater treatment as lifesupporting provision for the future or as contribution to the protection of health and the environment and to the development of infrastructure. Major areas of wastewater treatment and other related tasks are reviewed. The paper concludes with a list of questions on the issue of outsourcing.
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Cho, Hye-jin, Othmar M. Lehner y Rachatar Nilavongse. "Combining financial and ecological sustainability in bank capital regulations". Journal of Applied Accounting Research 22, n.º 3 (20 de enero de 2021): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-10-2020-0221.
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PurposeWith the macroprudential approach, systemic risk is explained by a general equilibrium (GE) model. However, since on-balance-sheet and off-balance-sheet (OBS) risks are structurally segmented, for example annually or periodically on financial statements, the GE model might need further integration with OBS risks including ecological shocks.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a theoretical two-period model with consumption, investment and loans, which further includes carbon emissions to distinguish between loans for “green” or “brown” firms to enhance the perspective of ecological sustainability.FindingsThe paper shows how the environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors might be of relevance in the standard bank capital regulatory structure. In dealing with ecological sustainability, a new methodological framework with the green K-index introduces penalties to be paid in the capital structure related to ESG factors. The model is enhanced for screening green or brown firms related to impact investing. The integrated view of financial stability and ecological sustainability further illuminates how a wide cross-sectoral resilience of a green K-index measure for the economy might be achievable.Research limitations/implicationsA stock-flow consistent model with balance-sheet methods raises the question whether all necessary variables and parameters can be computed in practice. Compared to the agent-based model (ABM), this model additionally lacks inputs from agents' behaviour, thus non-rational decisions, which may be relevant in practice. More generally, by adopting a balance-sheet structure, the model shows a coherent framework with relevant variables. The methodology of the GE model with OBS has not been scholarly explored and thus is presented for discussion rather than generalisation. The GE model with OBS provides a new interpretation of systemic risk and interbank relations with a consideration of ecological aspects. Its economic implication contributes to contemporary banking theory as well as to the sustainability discussions in the larger financial sector.Practical implicationsBanks and investors can more carefully measure the ecological risks in their loan portfolios and make better informed decisions leading to a better sustainability of the financial markets.Originality/valueThis study develops a theoretical GE model with off-balance-sheet risks. The model adds green regulation enhancing the capital regulation framework relevant to sustainability. This, in turn, enhances the role of banks in a coherent economic framework for loan decisions towards a much greener finance.
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Calabrò, Francesco y Lucia Della Spina. "The Cultural and Environmental Resources for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in Economically Disadvantaged Contexts - Economic-Appraisals Issues of a Model of Management for the Valorisation of Public Assets". Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (diciembre de 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.43.
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Available resources to public policies are always limited: those intended for culture, too often considered non-essential to the development of the community, they are often essential in particular way. Ignoring the economic value of cultural resources, their conservation, costs and total benefits of cultural policies and investment projects with a strong cultural component, can lead to non-optimal allocation of resources, to degradation of cultural capital and to failure to exploit opportunities for development.Another important aspect is the use of resources for the physical recovery and reuse of assets, without adequate attention to the phase of management: too often you find yourself with assets recovered but unused due to the lack of resources for management. A method tested recently is the involvement of private companies in these activities: in economically stronger and more advanced realities, the size of the most significant tourist flows allows to reach levels of return on investment and so makes this a feasible solution.Cultural resources in the rural settings of the most economically disadvantaged areas are characterized by a not elevated number of visitors not spread in the same way throughout the whole year: in these conditions, because of their different costs structures, a company may not have sufficient profit margins, but a private non-profit organizations can achieve a balanced budget that allows the usability of assets of fundamental importance into development strategies based on cultural tourism.This paper focuses on the main economic appraisal aspects and illustrates a management model, economically sustainable, for the tourist value of cultural and environmental resources, particularly suitable to be applied in rural contexts and in economically disadvantaged realities; the analyzed case study is indeed located in Gerace, ionic inland town of Calabria, region of southern Italy.
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HOSTACHY, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Ozone-enhanced bleaching of softwood kraft pulp". August 2010 9, n.º 8 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.8.16.
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By using ozone in their bleaching processes, many hardwood pulp mills in various parts of the world have improved product quality and their environmental and process performance, and reduced operating costs to increase competitiveness. The challenge for softwood pulp is to rethink the use of ozone according to their specific requirements. This paper summarizes results obtained using ozone bleaching on softwood (Pinus radiata) kraft pulp, for which the brightening ability of limited ozone dosages can enhance the economic benefits without impairing pulp quality. This work evaluated the chemical justification to use ozone at the end of the bleaching sequence and the effect on pulp quality, and considered the practical consequences of this new option. Special attention was given to the economic and technical aspects, including investment cost, variable cost, and process implementation. Ozone was shown to be the ideal complement of chlorine dioxide for final pulp bleaching. Both chemicals can easily be combined at the end of the bleaching sequence. Taking into account pulp mill capacity, capital investment, and total operating cost, the financial savings were calculated to be in the range of EUR 5 million (USD 6 million) per year, with a payback period of about 1.5 years.
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Poryadina, Olga, Lidia Chernyakevich y Yurii Andrianov. "Institutional environment of the National Qualifications System in the Russian Federation". Journal of Applied Engineering Science 18, n.º 4 (2020): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-25582.
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Methodological approaches to the organization of social and labour relations are systematized. The dynamics of the institutional environment of the labour market and vocational training system interaction in Russia is revealed. The peculiarities of the Russian experience of institutionalization of labour relations in the field of qualifications are shown. Post-industrial development of socio-economic systems, the processes of globalization, the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative model of development, the knowledge economy, the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and other objective challenges have necessitated the development of new human resource management mechanisms. In modern conditions the staff of an organization is considered to be the human capital, i.e. the field for strategic investments, a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable development of the country, the region, the sector, the company rather than the costly part of the economy. Currently, one of the main problems of human resourcing for economic growth in the European Union and the Russian Federation is professional and qualification imbalance of supply and demand on the labour market. The National Qualifications System is aimed at solving the problems of linking the labour market with vocational training. Problematic aspects of development of the Russian National Qualifications System are marked.
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SADCHENKO, O. V. y S. O. NIKOLA. "TRANSFORMATION IN ECONOMY: FINANCIAL AND CREDIT SYSTEM AND MARKETING APPROACHES". Economic innovations 21, n.º 4(73) (20 de diciembre de 2019): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.4(73).150-160.
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Topicality. The modern economy, with its transformational processes, first of all requires the solution of the country's financial and credit system. The strength of finances and the efficiency of credit functioning are predetermined by the state of monetary circulation, which, in turn, requires their constant regulation, strengthening the financial and credit impact on the economy. One can get out of this situation only by attracting scientific knowledge and experience, that is, creating an independent research base, participating in the internationalization of high technologies and gaining experience in efficient technology transfer, competition for new markets, and strict adherence to science in economic activities. Combining financial and credit policy will allow the state to use budget methods to regulate the economy in full force through taxes, government spending and loans, interest rates, as well as to make wider use of buying and selling securities. In a market economy, financial regulatory methods, creating a financial environment, can solve economic problems of national importance in Ukraine. And marketing involves the study of the real needs of the client, its main objectives - to attract new customers, consumers who have not previously resorted to the services of a particular object, as well as offering new services. Today, marketing research organically included in the banking activity, becoming its integral part.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the tools of the economic mechanism of financial and credit and implementation, the application of modern marketing technologies. The main goal of the transformational economy is to promote the development of an investment-attractive environment, to limit inflation, restructure the economy, integrate into international financial markets, and achieve social stability in society. To do this, the essence of economic development should be determined taking into account qualitative changes in the environment.Research results. In order to create a powerful economic basis for the country (and its regions), market mechanisms should facilitate rapid and high-quality renewal of production based on the latest technical and technological and modern scientific achievements, and the introduction of new business methods. Today on the agenda is the solution of qualitatively new, complex, multifaceted tasks and ensuring a single goal: the preservation of the living conditions and activities of people.Information technologies have become a new tool for turning knowledge into an information resource of society, which has become the main value of the civilized world. Information resource is treated as a social force aimed at the transformation of society.The emergence of a new technological paradigm based on more powerful and flexible information technologies made it possible to transform information as such into a product of the production process. Transforming the process of information processing, new information technologies influence all spheres of human activity and make it possible to establish innumerable links between various fields, as well as between the elements and agents of this activity.An important aspect in the use of foreign investment is a differentiated approach in using the principle of equal treatment of foreign and national investment. The system of foreign direct investment provides for two important points: replacing the system for approving projects by government bodies with a notification system; substantial limitation of tax benefits for joint ventures in order to ensure the principle of fair competition between foreign and national companies, taking into account environmental restrictions. First of all, it is necessary to open the industrial sector for investments of foreign capital and liberalize the process of investments in such technologically complex areas as telecommunications, engineering construction, and maritime transport. The state is faced with the difficult task of channeling financial resources to investors in business sectors in whose development the country would be interested.Reforming the economy of Ukraine involves a structural reorganization in the use, protection and reproduction of natural resources, covering the banking, financial and credit systems, investment, innovation policy and direct environmental management in private and public enterprises. Only an environmentally high-quality product and the same high-quality environmental service are in real demand in the market and can attract consumers. Based on the interests of society as a whole, and of each member of society, the use of new forms of organization of production, business and labor, improvement of the structure of production and economic activities, taking into account national features of environmental management, is required. The effectiveness of measures to preserve and support biodiversity, innovations in the environmental sector can be achieved only with a state-wide approach to this problem.Conclusion. In the process of formation of market structures in the transformational economy of Ukraine, the task is to ensure positive changes at all levels of the industrial complex based on their market regulation.A new economic and ecological paradigm on a global scale, based on technological power and information, will contribute to the growth of interdependence and mutual understanding in the new economy in order to preserve our planet. At the moment, a fundamentally new environmental policy of the state is needed, which would clearly define the strategy and tactics of improving relations between society, production and nature, the optimal combination of environmental and economic positions, criteria for the development of productive forces and economic and environmental production relations.
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Roper, D. Keith, Edward Trujillo y Rachel Bradshaw. "Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production Prototype: Sustainable Energy for Residences". Journal of Green Building 3, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2008): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.3.133.
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Residential use of hydrogen (H2), for utility or personal transportation, is currently limited by economic effectiveness, lack of residential sources, and need for engineering improvements. A modular photovoltaic hydrogen production prototype (PHPP) was constructed to produce three liters of hydrogen per day at standard temperature and pressure with maximum energy and Faraday efficiencies of 75% and 89%, respectively. Producing 3 liters of H2with the PHPP required 2.4 milliliters of distilled H2O and 26 kJ of solar energy and eliminated 1.5 liters of byproduct CO2relative to steam reforming of methane to generate H2. A capital investment of $5,651 to produce 30 liters per day using additional PHPP modules gave a return on investment of 4.2% and a payback period of 7.5 years. Interdisciplinary teams of university and high school students constructed the PHPP and were familiarized with key aspects of sustainable use of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Language and geographical barriers to effective communication and teamwork among the students were met by organizing teams to meet student needs, providing instruction and hands-on training in teamwork and facilitating web-based and in-class interactions. Quantitative ethnographic observation of student interactions showed involving students in lectures and extracurricular presentations and enhancing communication and teamwork with constructive responses to student feedback increased student satisfaction with the experience.
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Janikowska, Olga y Joanna Kulczycka. "Impact of minerals policy on sustainable development of mining sector – a comparative assessment of selected EU countries". Mineral Economics 34, n.º 2 (17 de febrero de 2021): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-021-00248-5.
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AbstractSustainable access to raw materials has been growing concern for the EU policy from 2008. Germany, Finland, United Kingdom, Portugal and Greece were the first European countries to introduce and develop own minerals policy (2010–2012). Each of Member State prioritized own targets, but sustainability, waste management and climate were also underlined. In 2015 the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were established and adopted in the EU policy framework to monitor and measure the social, economic and environmental aspects. Next Paris Agreement targets and climate neutral has been introduced. They have significant impact also on mining industry. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between mineral policy in chosen countries and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and EU climate policy target. Due to limited data for mining sector the impact of mineral policy on sustainable mineral supply and CO2 emissions have been analyzed to identify the specific challenges, trends and successful factors of transition. It was shown that well developed mineral policy - in case of Finland - allow increase over 20% of production with over 20% decrease of CO2 emission. Moreover productivity in the sector in almost all analyzed country has been increased, what can show some correlation between mineral policy and SDG 12. However more detailed indicators for monitoring and assess the mineral policy on EU level and in individual country is needed, especially in contest of impact on sustainable development. It can help to provide acceptance of local society for new investment. It is a long term process which required not only significant financial capital, new technological solutions, but also trust and transparency in monitoring in implementing environmental and social aspects.
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Siryk, Zenoviy. "Features of forming the investment needs of local governments". Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, n.º 3(143) (2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-5.
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The paper researches some aspects of regulative maintenance of investment activity in Ukraine and at the level of territories (on the example of Lviv) in the condition of reforming local governments. The author suggests his interpretation of “an investment capacity of a territorial community”. The specifics of managing the investment activity of territories is outlined, and the groups of needs of local governments, the realization of which is the ground for territorial communities’ activity, are defined. The sources of funding of local governments’ investment needs are characterized. The scheme of balancing investment needs and investment opportunities (sources) as a component of management of a territory’s investment activity is suggested. The conditions of securing positive consequences of the process are examined. The analysis of directions of state support of economic and social development of territories in 2020 shows that regional development programs are funded at 12.7%, while other social, environmental, and innovative directions – at a level less than 5%. The paper emphasizes the need of local governments to independently search for ways to implement socio-cultural projects by efficient use of their investment resources and capacity. For a general analysis of investment activity, the investment in the socio-economic development of Lvivska oblast in 2017-2019 is analyzed. The growing volumes of capital investment and the prevailing share of investment in the purchase of machines and equipment are emphasized. The conclusion on insufficient growth of rural areas’ capacity is made. The problems in the attraction of investment in the economies of cities and consolidated territorial communities are defined. The solution of these problems will contribute to the implementation of new approaches to investment activity at the territories of local communities from the viewpoint of the need to secure their financial capacity and sustainable development of settlements.
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Noordin, Nazrul Hazizi, Siti Nurah Haron, Aznan Hasan y Rusni Hassan. "Complying with the requirements for issuance of SRI sukuk: the case of Khazanah’s Sukuk Ihsan". Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 9, n.º 3 (8 de mayo de 2018): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-02-2016-0024.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a critical review on how the Khazanah’s Sukuk Ihsan was structured in compliance with the requirements for issuance of Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) sukuk set by the Securities Commission (SC) Malaysia. Design/methodology/approachTo explain the structures and features of the Sukuk Ihsan, this study extracted important information from the sukuk’s Principle Terms and Conditions and Information Memorandum and presented them in a simple and easy-to-understand way. Next, this study refers to Part D: Requirement for Issuance, Offering or Invitation to Subscribe or Purchase Sustainable and Responsible Investment Sukuk of the SC’s Guidelines on Sukuk (revised edition: 28 August 2014) to assess the compliance of the sukuk in terms of eligibility of SRI sukuk issuer and SRI projects, use of proceeds, reporting and disclosure and independent assessment on SRI programmes. In addition, this study then compares the requirements stated in the SC’s SRI Sukuk Framework with the International Capital Market Association’s Green Bond Principles (GBP) and the USA’s Social Impact Bond (SIB) Act 2014. FindingsThe present study finds that the definition of eligible SRI sukuk issuer in the Guidelines on Sukuk seems to be more stringent compared to the one provided in the GBP and the US’ SIB Act. Nevertheless, the SRI Sukuk Framework provides a more comprehensive yet precise list of eligible SRI projects, covering both environmental and social aspects, compared to the GBP (which only focuses on broad categories of environmental projects) and also the USA’s SIB Act (explicitly outlines 13 social projects which are aligned with the US Federal Government’s agenda in tackling social illnesses). Indeed, the main difference between the eligible SRI sukuk projects and its conventional counterparts lies in its compliance to Shariah principles. It is also observed that a significant emphasis has been given on SRI legislations in ensuring proper reporting and disclosure provided to the SRI sukuk stakeholders together with critical evaluation on the impacts of SRI programmes provided by an independent assessor. Practical implicationsThis paper contributes towards enriching the literature on the Islamic capital market, particularly on the integration between sukuk and social impacts investing. This paper was intended to highlight the important requirements in issuing SRI sukuk to various stakeholders of the Islamic capital market. Originality/valueThe authors hope to shed some lights on the unique features and structural applications of SRI sukuk and its importance in becoming an effective instrument to raise funds for social agenda of a country by providing a real and practical example.
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Silva, Andreia, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Sónia Figueiredo y Olga Freitas. "The Use of Algae and Fungi for Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes: A Review". Water 11, n.º 8 (27 de julio de 2019): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081555.
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The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to remove pharmaceuticals (and their metabolites) from domestic wastewaters. The treatability of pharmaceutical compounds in WWTPs varies considerably depending on the type of compound since their biodegradability can differ significantly. As a consequence, they may reach the aquatic environment, directly or by leaching of the sludge produced by these facilities. Currently, the technologies under research for the removal of pharmaceuticals, namely membrane technologies and advanced oxidation processes, have high operation costs related to energy and chemical consumption. When chemical reactions are involved, other aspects to consider include the formation of harmful reaction by-products and the management of the toxic sludge produced. Research is needed in order to develop economic and sustainable treatment processes, such as bioremediation and biosorption. The use of low-cost materials, such as biological matrices (e.g., algae and fungi), has advantages such as low capital investment, easy operation, low operation costs, and the non-formation of degradation by-products. An extensive review of existing research on this subject is presented.
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Alborov, R. A., L. I. Khoruzhy, S. M. Kontsevaya, G. R. Alborov y V. I. Khoruzhy. "Accounting for capital investments in agriculture". Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2107-02.
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The article discusses the meaning, essence, content and classification of capital investments in agriculture. The estimated and organizational and methodological aspects of accounting for capital investments in agricultural organizations are disclosed. The conditions for recognition and the composition of the actual costs when recognizing capital investments, as well as practical recommendations for reflecting these costs and various operations with capital investments in the accounting accounts. Proposals have been determined for the reflection in the accounting of operations on disposal of capital investments and recognized expenses and income of the period in which capital investments are written off.