Tesis: "Environmental resource mapping system"

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Hall, Bryan, University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Science. "A review of the environmental resource mapping system and a proof that it is impossible to write a general algorithm for analysing interactions between organisms distributed at locations described by a locationally linked database and physical properties recorded within the database." THESIS_FST_SS_Hall_B.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/750.

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The Environmental Resource Mapping System (E-RMS) is a geographic information system (GIS) that is used by the National Parks and Wildlife Service to assist in management of national parks. The package is available commercially from the Service and is used by other government departments for environmental management. E-RMS has also been present in Australian Universities and used for academic work for a number of years. This thesis demonstrates that existing procedures for product quality and performance have not been followed in the production of the package and that the package and therefore much of the work undertaken with the package is fundamentally flawed. The E-RMS software contains and produces a number of serious mistakes. Several problems are identified and discussed in this thesis. As a result of the shortcomings, the author recommends that an enquiry be conducted to investigate *1/ The technical feasibility of each project for which the E-RMS package has been used; *2/ The full extent and consequences of the failings inherent with the package; and *3/ The suitability of the E-RMS GIS package for the purposes for which it is sold. Australian Standard 3898 requires that the purpose, functions and limitations of consumer software shall be described. To comply with this standard, users of the E-RMS package would have to be informed of several factors related to it. These are discussed in the research. Failure to consider the usefulness and extractable nature of information in any GIS database will inevitably lead to problems that may endanger the phenomena that the GIS is designed to protect. Master of Applied Science (Environmental Science)

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Anderson, Madison Lee. "Are we on the same page? Informing adaptive management of outdoor rock climbing using document analysis and cognitive mapping." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619137676375621.

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3

Alaibakhsh, Masoomeh. "Digital change detection and separation of anthropogenic and natural impacts on ecohydrological conditions in the Pilbara region, WA." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1951.

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A deficiency in crucial digital data, such as vegetation cover, in remote regions is a challenging issue for sustainable water management and planning, especially for areas undergoing rapid development, such as mining in the Pilbara, Western Australia. This is particularly relevant to Inflow and Groundwater Dependent Vegetation (IGDVs) (riparian vegetation and groundwater dependent vegetation) which provide important ecological services and, as such, require regional protection. However, such invaluable assets experience changes over time due to either human activities such as land development or natural phenomena such as climate change or fire events. The main objectives of this research was to 1) advance an approach to delineate inflow dependent ecosystems at a local scale; 2) adopt it to map the assets at regional scale using remotely sensed data (Landsat 5 TM imagery due to its appropriate temporal and spatial resolution for historical studies, 1986-2011), ground-truth data and available information such as reports, digital layer and climate data; 3) develop a method for identification and quantitative assessment of IGDVs changes and attribution of the changes to particular impacts or stressors, and 4) apply the developed change detection method to investigate and evaluate impacts of an adopted water resource management options on inflow dependent assets in the Pilbara. Outcomes of the research exposed that the proposed delineation method allowed production of accurate inflow dependent ecosystems maps for the Pilbara bioregion. The change detection method was also effective in detecting various spatial and temporal scales of changes and separating anthropogenic and natural impacts. It was further discovered that climate has had significant impacts on the assets of the area. The finding and information produced from this research is capable to aid government, industry and communities to consider the environmental, social, cultural and economic aspects of the sustainable use, development and management of land and water resources in arid and semiarid Pilbara, WA and areas with similar ecohydrological conditions. Four papers were prepared from the research, two are published and two are under review.

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Kittusamy, Kannakumar. "Dependable system architecture for businesses : analysis of an enterprise resource planning system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35118.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006. Page 128 blank. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127). This thesis defines the concept of Dependable System Architecture (DSA), evaluation criteria for DSAs and applies those criteria to evaluate SAP, a leading ERP system. The evaluation criteria employ system frameworks, concepts, tools, components and methodologies. During the process of evaluation, this thesis touches upon many different architectural evaluations such as technical, operational, implementation and service and support. Finally, this thesis concludes whether SAP provides Dependable System Architecture for businesses. by Kannakumar Kittusamy. S.M.

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Drew, Christina H. "The decision mapping system : promoting transparency of long-term environmental decisions at Hanford /." Thesis, Connect to materials related to this title online, 2002. http://nalu.geog.washington.edu/dms.

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Beall, Allyson Marie. "Participatory environmental modeling and system dynamics integrating natural resource science and social concerns /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/a_beall_2111907.pdf.

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Al-Hargan, Ali Abdulla Qassim Khamis. "Creation of a coastal zone information system for Qatar using remote sensing and GIS." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241793.

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Wood, Richard, Konstantin Stadler, Moana Simas, Tatyana Bulavskaya, Stefan Giljum, Franz Stephan Lutter, and Arnold Tukker. "Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3." Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12735.

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Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input-output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995¿2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade-related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.

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9

Haydu, Kristie. "Mapping Plant Biodiversity Hotspots at the County Scale: A New Tool for Establishing Resource Conservation Strategies." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/749.

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Myers first identified the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots and pioneered innovative ideas about the usefulness of biodiversity models for establishing long-term resource conservation strategies at global scales. Since Myers, most of the subsequent studies using hotspot science for biodiversity modeling have used large spatial scales like countries, provinces or states, and other biogeoraphic regions. The California Floristic Province continues to be one of the recognized global biodiversity hotspots. Our study site, San Luis Obispo County is within this hotspot and we created a map of plant biodiversity hotspots at the county scale using GIS technology. We wanted to determine the effectiveness and applicability of biodiversity hotspot mapping at this scale with anticipation that the map will serve as a new tool for establishing long-term resource conservation strategies in the County. Our plant biodiversity hotspot map is based on distribution data collected from herbarium specimens of San Luis Obispo County’s rare flora. These data were extracted from the Hoover Herbarium at Cal Poly and manually digitized into GIS. We built a model with GIS to identify, locate, and quantify the resultant hotspots from the data. The overall approach was successful at identifying and quantifying the attributes and geographic extents of plant biodiversity hotspots at the county scale. Our results are highly applicable for establishing local and regional plant conservation priorities at lower resolutions, which is frequently where land acquisition and reserve establishment occurs. We conclude that biodiversity hotspot modeling with GIS is an effective tool that can be applied to many other finer-scale biological inventories for conservation purposes.

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Gayen, Neela. "Automatic parallelization of stream programs for resource efficient embedded processors." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213058/1/Neela_Gayen_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis considers how to exploit the specific characteristics of data streaming functions and multi-core processors to increase throughput through appropriate software process mappings. The hypothesis is that large numbers of low-power processors can achieve high throughput for streaming applications if a good mapping is provided. The innovation is to use compilation principles to guide the mapping, rather than heuristics. Three increasingly complex approaches are developed that focus on computational bottlenecks, then adds communication overheads, and lastly adds the costs of splitting and merging operations. Using this approach demonstrates that the successively more complex models can achieve correspondingly greater throughput.

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Balsam, Gabriella. "Decision Support Systems for Water Management: Investigating Stakeholder Perceptions of System Use." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6176.

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Water resources are becoming increasingly important to protect, but doing so has proven challenging due to the complex nature of resource management. Many researchers have been trying to develop “usable science” to aid in this endeavor, and one method of this is the development of decision support systems. This has led to the employment of this method as a potential tool for decision makers, scientists, and the interested public to use; yet little literature is available on the success of their implementation. This study attempted to fill the gaps by gathering data through surveys and interviews from stakeholders who are part of institutions that fund the University of South Florida’s Water Atlas. The study found that the tool was used for both educational outreach and scientific research support. Decision making was mostly supported through the program’s use as a research tool. Stakeholders also expressed that conditions found in the literature to contribute to successful implementation were largely met through the Water Atlas development process and continued use.

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Perry, Lyndi. "The Value of Farmland: Mapping Assessor Data to Understand Land Use Change." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7413.

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Ideas developed by regional economists have potential applications within the urban planning field. One potential application is toward conserving farmland, and within this thesis this topic is examined for the study area of Utah County, Utah. Using assessor data, a land value map is created and further used to develop a regional economic model and spatial models that were analyzed for patterns of land use change. Findings show that representing land value as continuous surface maps is a useful approach. The maps reveal that Utah County has densified as its population increased while farmland loss still occurred in agriculturally-important areas. Vulnerable areas were identified by examining the value of changed lands. Change mapping shows that macro-level variables affect local land values and subsequent development patterns. While limitations exist, the conclusion was drawn that this data is useful in connecting land value to location, examining change over time, and understanding how individuals’ priorities (as represented through property values) may conflict with (and potentially solve) collective goals.

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Matthee, Jossette. "The new fishing quota system for the small scale, traditional fishers at Hawston: problems and prospects." University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7797.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA Hawston, a small fishing town situated in Greater Hermanus is famous for its lucrative abalone resource. Since the drastic reduction of the abalone quota, which was implemented from 1994-2001, black commercial abalone divers have been on the receiving end of the new fishing legislation. The decimation of abalone by illegal harvesters, and the annual allocation of one and a half ton of abalone to all black commercial divers at present, are serious factors that influence the future of the commercial abalone divers and their counterparts. An abalone quota plays a pivotal role regarding the existence of various groups of people namely the Southern boat assistants, Overberg commercial abalone divers, Hawston fishing community etc. This study attempts to examine the effects of the drastic reduction of the abalone quota on the commercial divers (from 22-ton to one and a half ton), the boat assistants and the Hawston fishing community. The mentioned groups are also engaged in harvesting their allocated crayfish quotas, the research project mainly focuses on the effect of the new quota system on the allocation of abalone and crayfish quotas in Hawston. In essence, this research project seeks to examine the validity or invalidity of the White Paper regarding policies of the new Living Resources Act on commercial abalone divers, the boat assistants and the Hawston fishing community. The researcher has noted the various shortcomings in the White Paper on Marine Resources and the associated indiscrepancies being practiced by the Department of Environmental Affairs. In the study, a qualitative method is used to assess the impact of the implementation of new fishing quotas on various social groups in Hawston (existing and new groups). This was done by means of in-depth interviews. Some of the policy makers at the Department of Environmental Affairs were also interviewed. An evaluation of data gathered through the use of interviews and review of primary and secondary literature, revealed that equitable fishing quota allocation systems are not addressing the needs of the small-scale fishers in Hawston. By means of reports, it was concluded that various factors are infringing on the rights of those excluded from receiving allocation systems and also has the effect of fuelling uncertainty for the future of commercial abalone divers and small scale fishers in Hawston. The primary objective of this study is to investigate if the White Paper Policy on Marine Resources is benefiting the disadvantaged small-scale fishers in Hawston. Most important for the commercial abalone diver in Hawston, is the effect of the decimation of abalone and how legislation in the new quota system will influence their lives.

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Bliss, Kevin R. "An outcome-based assessment of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation freshwater wetlands regulatory system in Central New York." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3628499.

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This dissertation evaluates freshwater wetland impact avoidance and mitigation resulting from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) permitting program within Central New York. Concurrent with this, is an effort to ascertain wetland functionality through a rapid assessment approach to wetland evaluation. Three primary techniques were employed: First, NYSDEC permit decisions were compared to the NYSDEC Freshwater Wetland Regulation Guidelines on Compensatory Mitigation (NYSDEC 1993), to determine whether or not the Guidance was adhered to. Second, NYSDEC permit requirements were compared to the actual mitigation efforts conducted by a permittee in the field to determine whether or not the permittee complied with imposed requirements. And third, a rapid assessment approach comparing functions and values at wetland mitigation sites to the corresponding natural wetland that was impacted by NYSDEC permit issuance was used to determine whether or not the functions and values provided by the mitigation adequately replaced those lost at the original impacted wetland site. The results of this review indicate that the majority of wetland mitigation guidelines are not followed the majority of time. For example, less than one third of the time was mitigation based on plans providing short or long term goals or measurable performance criteria. Often permittees do not comply with imposed freshwater wetland permit requirements related to mitigation. More specifically, thirty five percent of the time, permit requirements for mitigation were not met for those files sampled. As for the functions and values being replaced, that is not happening with six out of nine measured functions: open space and aesthetic resources; erosion control; pollution treatment; protection of subsurface water resources; wildlife habitat; and flood control. The three functions found to be replaced by mitigation include recreation; sources of nutrients in freshwater food cycles and nursery grounds / sanctuaries for freshwater fish; and education and scientific research.

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Rezaei, Nader. "A Decision-making Framework for Hybrid Resource Recovery Oriented Wastewater Systems." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7907.

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Water shortage, water contamination, and the emerging challenges in sustainable water resources management (e.g., the likely impacts of climate change and population growth) necessitate adopting a reverse logistics approach, which is the process of moving wastewater from its typical final destination back to the water supply chain for reuse purposes. This practice not only reduces the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment, but also provides an alternative to withdrawal from natural water resources, forming a closed-loop water supply chain. However, the design of such a supply chain requires an appropriate sustainability assessment, which simultaneously accounts for economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The overall aim of this work was therefore to contribute to the literature by evaluating the impacts of water reclamation and reuse according to the triple-bottom-line sustainability indicators (i.e., economic, environmental, and social) and to develop frameworks and mathematical models to help decision-makers, stakeholders, and officials with the design of sustainable water reclamation and reuse systems. The applicability of the developed frameworks and models was examined using real case studies and hypothetical scenario analyses. This enactment also revealed the tradeoffs and thresholds associated with the design of sustainable water reclamation and reuse systems. To conquer the mentioned goal, the research was conducted in three major sections. The first part of the research was outlined to design possible scenarios for water reuse based on water reuse guidelines and evaluate the different types of end-use based on the three major dimensions of sustainability (i.e., economic, environmental and social aspects), simultaneously. The different reuse types considered include unrestricted urban reuse, agricultural reuse, indirect potable reuse (IPR), direct potable reuse (DPR), distributed unrestricted urban reuse, as well as some degree of decentralization of treatment plants for distributed unrestricted urban reuse. The tradeoff investigation and decision-making framework were demonstrated in a case study and a regret-based model was adopted as the support tool for multi-criteria decision-making. This study revealed that although increasing the degree of treatment for water reuse required implementation of advanced treatment options and it increased the implementation, operation, and maintenance (O&M) costs of the design, it increased the value of resource recovery significantly, such that it can offset the capital and O&M costs associated with the treatment and distribution for DPR. Improving the reclaimed water quality also reduced the environmental footprint (eutrophication) to almost 50% for DPR compared to the other reuse scenarios. This study revealed that the distance between the water reclamation facility and the end use plays a significant role in economic and environmental (carbon footprint) indicators. In the second part of this research, a multi-objective optimization model was developed to minimize the costs and environmental footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), and maximize social benefits (value of resource recovery) of the water reclamation systems by locating the treatment facility, allocating treatment capacity, selecting treatment technology, and allocating customers (final reclaimed water users). The expansion of the water reclamation system in Hillsborough County, Florida was evaluated to illustrate the use of the model. The impacts of population density and topography (elevation variation) of the water service area on the model outputs were also investigated. Although the centralization of treatment facilities takes advantage of the economies of scale, the results revealed that simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental indicators favored decentralization of treatment facilities in the study area. This was mainly due to the significant decrease in water transfer requirements, especially in less populous areas. Moreover, the results revealed that contribution of population density to the optimal degree of decentralization of treatment facilities was significant. In the last part of this work, hypothetical scenarios for a water service area were generated to evaluate the impacts of external variables on the design of water reclamation and reuse systems. Although the conducted sensitivity analyses in the previous sections revealed the tradeoffs and thresholds associated with the design of water reclamation systems, the concept of a hypothetical study helped with the elimination of case-specific factors and local conditions that could possibly influenced the outcomes. These factors, which were specific to the case studies (e.g., the location of candidate sites for implementation of water reclamation facilities and special population distribution patters) made barriers to the conclusions and hurdled the interpretation of findings. Two major factors, which were found to be significant among the factors influencing the design of water systems (i.e., elevation variation and population density), were selected for the evaluation. Accordingly, three different topographies (i.e., flat region, medium elevation variation, and hilly) and three types of population density (i.e., low, medium, and high) were considered for the design of hypothetical cases and the previous model developed in the second section was modified and used to evaluate the impacts. The results revealed that although decentralization of water reclamation facilities decreases the costs and environmental impacts associated with water transfer phase (i.e., wastewater collection and reclaimed water distribution), there were tradeoffs between the impacts of decentralization of treatment plants and the benefits from economies of scale for treatment. The results showed that when the population density is high and there is moderate to high elevation variations in the water service area, decentralization of treatment facilities is the beneficiary option. However, if the population density is low, economies of scale for treatment becomes more influential and lower degrees of decentralization of treatment facilities is preferred.

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Zhao, Hang. "Finding stable allocations in distributed real-time systems with multiple environmental parameters and replicable applications." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1113854894.

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Baxter, Daniel. "The Relationships between Motivation, Goals, and Sanctions in Determining Levels of Cooperation over Diminishing Resources." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36204.

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Environmental degradation and biodiversity loss are worldwide problems caused by human activities, which can often be classified as a resource dilemma. This thesis examines one of the more studied interventions in social dilemmas for increasing cooperative behaviour, namely sanctioning systems, in conjunction with one of the least studied factors in this area, i.e., intraindividual motivation and goals. Across three studies, and using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework, this thesis examines the relationships between motivation, goals, sanctioning systems and proenvironmental behaviour (PEB) in a resource dilemma (RD). The resource dilemma used in this thesis was a virtual, iterated, 2-person partnered design where each participant was required to make decisions about recreational fishing harvests in a small, private lake with an inferred partner. The ‘partner’ was not real, but was simulated by the program in order to maximize experimental control. Study 1 used mediational analysis to demonstrate that quality of motivation will affect goal content, and goal content will predict proenvironmental behaviour in an RD. Study 2 introduced a centralized sanctioning system to the RD, and found that this type of sanctioning system increased PEB in the RD when added, and decreased PEB when removed, concomitantly affecting the quality of participant motivation. Study 3 introduced a decentralized sanction system to the RD concomitant with pre-written communication for/against the inferred partner. Results demonstrated that self-determined motivation positively predicted the use of positive feedback messages, and negatively predicted the use of monetary sanctions. The results of this thesis expand upon SDT, and point to the potential importance of thorough examinations into the relationship between motivation and cooperation in RDs, and the importance of intraindividual factors in RD research. Moreover, it highlights the potential benefits and drawbacks of relying on sanctioning systems to increase PEBs in RDs.

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18

Pauw, Theo. "Assessment of SPOT 5 and ERS-2 OBIA for mapping wetlands." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71906.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research considered the automated remote sensing-based classification of wetland extent within the Nuwejaars and Heuningnes River systems on the Agulhas Plain. The classification process was based on meaningful image objects created through image segmentation rather than on single pixels. An expert system classifier was compared to a nearest-neighbour supervised classifier, and one multispectral (SPOT 5) image (dry season) and two C-band, VV-polarisation synthetic aperture radar (SAR: ERS-2) images (dry and wet season) were used separately and in combination. Classifications were performed within two subset areas. Final classes identified were Permanent waterbody, Other wetland and Non-wetland. Statistical accuracy assessment was performed. Validation data was derived from a combination of high-resolution aerial photographs, the SPOT 5 image, high-resolution imagery on Google Earth and observations during a field visit. Wetland extent was defined as the total extent of wetland-specific vegetation, unvegetated seasonal pans and waterbodies. More detailed classes were originally envisaged, but available validation data was not considered adequate for assessing their accuracy with any confidence. The supervised classifier was found to be more accurate overall than the developed expert system. The difference between the two was however not always significant. The two SAR images alone did not contain sufficient information for the accurate classification of Agulhas wetlands’ extent, with recorded overall accuracies not exceeding 65% regardless of the classifier used. The SPOT image alone achieved accuracies higher than 80%; this was considered a good result. In comparison, combining the SAR and SPOT data did not improve the classification accuracy. The potential of the expert system to be applied with little modification to images acquired over other areas or over the same area in other years should be further investigated. However, several reservations are noted in this regard. Future research could potentially improve the results obtained from supervised classification by augmenting it with expert system rules to identify more complicated classes. KEYWORDS ERS-2, SPOT 5, SAR, wetlands, expert system classifier, nearest-neighbour supervised classifier AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het die geoutomatiseerde afstandswaarneminggebaseerde klassifikasie van vleilandomvang binne die Nuwejaars- en Heuningnesrivier stelsels op die Agulhasvlakte ondersoek. Die klassifikasieproses was gebaseer op betekenisvolle beeldobjekte geskep deur middel van beeldsegmentasie eerder as op enkele beeldelemente. ‘n Deskundige stelsel klassifiseerder is vergelyk met ‘n naaste-naburige gerigte klassifiseerder. Een multispektrale (SPOT 5) beeld vir die droë seisoen, sowel as twee C-band, VV-polarisasie sintetiese diafragma radar (SAR, ERS2) beelde (vir die droë en nat seisoene) is afsonderlik en in kombinasie gebruik. Klassifikasies is uitgevoer binne twee sub-areas in die beelde. Finale klasse wat geïdentifiseer is was Permanente waterliggaam, Ander vleiland en Nie-vleiland. Statistiese akkuraatheidsassessering is uitgevoer. Verwysingsdata is geskep vanuit ‘n kombinasie van hoë- resolusie lugfoto’s, die SPOT 5 beeld, hoë-resolusie beelde op Google Earth en waarnemings tydens ‘n besoek aan die studiegebied. Vleiland omvang is gedefinieer as die totale omvang van vleiland-spesifieke plantegroei, onbegroeide seisoenale panne en waterliggame. Die gerigte klassifiseerder blyk om oor die algemeen meer akkuraat as die ontwikkelde deskundige stelsel te wees. Die verskil was egter nie altyd beduidend nie. Die twee SAR beelde alleen het nie genoegsame inligting bevat vir die akkurate klassifikasie van Agulhas-vleilande se omvang nie, met behaalde algehele akkuraatheidsvlakke wat nie 65% oorskry het nie, ongeag van die klassifiseerder. Die SPOT-beeld alleenlik het algehele akkuraathede van meer as 80% behaal; wat as ‘n goeie resultaat beskou kan word. In vergelyking hiermee kon die kombinering van SAR- en SPOT-data nie ‘n verbetering teweeg bring nie. Die potensiaal van die deskundige stelsel om met min aanpassing op beelde van ander gebiede of van dieselfde gebied in ander jare toegepas te word, verg verdere ondersoek. Verskeie voorbehoude word egter in hierdie verband gemeld. Toekomstige navorsing kan potensieel die resultate van gerigte klassifikasie verbeter deur dit aan te vul met deskundige stelsel reëls vir die klassifikasie van meer komplekse klasse. TREFWOORDE ERS-2, SPOT 5, SAR, vleilande, deskundige stelsel klassifiseerder, naaste-naburige gerigte klassifiseerder.

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Reygadas, Robles Gil Fermin. "User Compliance, Field Efficacy, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of an Ultraviolet Water Disinfection System and other Drinking Water Treatment Alternatives for Rural Households in Mexico." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685996.

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Many households in developing countries rely on contaminated and untreated drinking water sources, contributing to gastrointestinal illness and other health risks. Even piped water quality is often unreliable because of poorly-maintained treatment or distribution systems. Household water treatment (HWT) systems aim to enable users to treat their water at the point of use, making it safe to drink. While some HWT options have been successful in improving health in developing countries, low adoption and sustained use outside pilot projects and epidemiological trials remains one of the current challenges with this approach. Furthermore, Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment models predict that the health benefits from water quality interventions drop significantly with even occasional consumption of contaminated water. Therefore, to be effective, HWT options need to achieve high user compliance rates and provide safe water reliably. I begin my thesis with an interdisciplinary analysis of the field of water, health, and development, followed by a description of my research study site. Using an interdisciplinary research approach, grounded in the local context, I led the development of an ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection system for rural households. This included an iterative process of design and field tests to create a user-friendly system and laboratory research to improve the performance of the technology. I also collaborated with a non-profit organization based in Mexico in the design of an implementation program to support the adoption and consistent use of the UV system. Then I present the design and application of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in rural Mexico to evaluate compliance with the implementation program and field efficacy of the UV system. I developed a framework that disaggregates and measures the components of compliance from initial adoption of a safe water practice to exclusive consumption of safe water. I applied this framework to measure compliance across intervention and control groups and to test if additional program components that improve convenience to users can be a cost-effective approach to increase compliance. I present evidence that the implementation program significantly improved compliance with the habit of consuming safe water, when compared to the practice of purchasing water bottled in reusable 20 L containers in the control group. The additional program components proved to be a cost-effective strategy to increase compliance immediately post-intervention, but their impact degraded with time. By analyzing results across different compliance components, I find limitations of the current HWT approach. I present the rational for pilot testing strategies outside the current HWT paradigm, such as expanding a narrow focus on drinking water to making all domestic water safe to drink or switching from a product-based to a service delivery model. As a second component of the randomized trial, I present a series of controlled comparisons to evaluate the field efficacy of the UV system using E. coli as a fecal contamination indicator in drinking water. I use an as-treated-analysis to isolate the impact of the system and contrast these results with an impact evaluation of the implementation program led by a research colleague. I also created a drinking water reliability framework to compare potential contamination impacts from different household water management practices and a logistic regression model to assess household risk factors for post-UV-treatment contamination. I show that treating water with the UV system and storing it in 20 L narrow-necked containers, allowed households to significantly improve their drinking water quality and gain access to a more reliable source of safe water. In the final chapter I investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the use of HWT technologies in Mexico. I do that by carrying out a literature review of existing studies assessing energy use of water treatment technologies; using secondary data to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) capturing the embedded CO2 equivalent emissions of individual HWT products; and developing model to calculate a metric of GHG emissions per volume of water used representative of the HWT sector in Mexico. Filtration, ozone, and UV disinfection technologies resulted in similar LCA emissions, while reverse osmosis had emissions five times higher than the average of the rest. I also find GHG emissions of HWT to be 30 times lower than water bottled in 20 L reusable containers. In a context in which mortgage institutions have created green credit mechanisms, this result is useful for expanding financing options for HWT products, which are often more cost-effective than bottled water, but require a higher capital investment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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20

Prieto, Ana Lucia. "Sequential Anaerobic and Algal Membrane Bioreactor (A2MBR) System for Sustainable Sanitation and Resource Recovery from Domestic Wastewater." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3296.

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An innovative wastewater treatment technology was developed to recover renewable resources, such as water, energy and nutrients, from sewage. First, a novel synthetic sewage was evaluated for its suitability to serve as an alternative substrate for lab-scale wastewater treatment (WWT) research. Based on granular dried cat food, Complex Organic Particulate Artificial Sewage (COPAS) is a commercially-available, flexible, and easy to preserve feed. Characteristics of COPAS, namely chemical composition, disintegration/dissolution kinetics, and anaerobic biodegradability, were determined. Anaerobic bioassays indicate that COPAS is highly biodegradable at the concentration used to simulate household sewage (1000 mg/L), with more than 72% of the theoretical methane content reached after 30 d of incubation. Results indicate that COPAS is a suitable substrate as a surrogate of domestic sewage. In the second stage of the research, a lab-scale, 10L gas-lift anaerobic membrane bioreactor (Gl-AnMBR) was designed, fabricated and tested. The AnMBR is a hybrid treatment technology that combines anaerobic biological treatment with low-pressure membrane filtration. Although AnMBR has been used in many instances for the treatment of high strength industrial or agricultural wastewater, relatively little has been reported about its application for the treatment of domestic sewage and further conversion and recovery of resources embedded in sewage, such as energy and nutrient enriched water. The 10L column reactor uses a tubular PVDF ultrafiltration membrane (with biogas as sparge gas) for sludge/water separation. COPAS was used as synthetic feed (at 1000 mg/L) to represent household wastewater. The configuration showed excellent removal efficiencies of organic matter (up to 98% and 95% in COD and TOC removal, respectively) while producing energy in the form of methane at quantities suitable for maintaining membrane scrubbing (4.5 L/d of biogas). Soluble nutrients were recovered in the effluent in the forms of NH4, (9.1±4.2 mg/L), NO3 (2.2±0.9 mg/L) and PO4 (20±7.13 mg/L). The energy footprint (net energy) of this reactor was evaluated and the energy requirements per volume of permeate produced was found to be in the range of -1.2 to 0.7 kWh/m3, depending on final conversion of methane to electric or thermal energy respectively. These values could potentially be improved towards energy surplus (-2.3 to -0.5 kWh/m3) if applied to plant scale operation, which would employ more efficient pumps than those used in the lab. Results from this study suggest that the Gl-AnMBR can be applied as a sustainable treatment tool for resource recovery from sewage, which can further be optimized for large scale operation. In the final stage of this research, further resource recovery from sewage was investigated by coupling the Gl-AnMBR with an innovative gas-lift algal photo MBR (APMBR). To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of membranes (in particular gas-lift tubular) for separation of algal cells from effluent in a continuous-flow photobioreactor. Nutrient rich effluent (9 mg/L NH4-N and 20 mg/L PO4-P) from the Gl-AnMBR treating domestic wastewater was used as substrate to grow the biofuel producing microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (Cs). The initial set of operational conditions tested in this study (HRT of 24 hours, operational flux of 4.5 LMH, air-lift flow rate (Qa) of 0.1 L/min and 0.1 bars of membrane inlet pressure), achieved 100% removal efficiencies for NH4 and PO4. Flux remained constant during the experimental period which demonstrated the efficacy of gas lift as a membrane fouling control strategy for an algae bioreactor. Because the algae is photoautotrophic, little removal of organic carbon was expected nor observed. Further studies are required to better understand the fate and cycling of carbon in the APMBR. Limited information is available in the literature regarding biofuel-producing, algal photo MBRs utilizing anaerobic effluents as feedstock, which makes this study an important step in understanding the design and performance of combined anaerobic/algal biotechnology for large scale application of wastewater resource recovery.

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21

Elgayar, Aly. "Integrating Bridge Information Modeling (BRIM), Bridge Sustainability Rating System (BRSRS), Bridge Environmental Performance Strategy Mapping (BREPSM) and Cost Estimating At the Conceptual Design Stage." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36570.

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Bridges are crucial infrastructure for urban development as cities rely heavily on various modes of transportation for access and mobility. In an effort to fill the gap in the knowledge and methodology used in the construction of sustainable bridges, a model is developed using the concept of BrIM having the capabilities to develop bridges at the conceptual design stage, which offers ample versatility to influence stakeholders’ decisions towards sustainable bridge design. The model incorporates a knowledge-based decision support system and four modules namely: BrIM module; the first ever Bridge Sustainability Rating System (BrSRS) module; Bridge Environmental Performance Strategy Map (BrEPSM) module; and a conceptual cost estimating module. The model takes fundamental data input and processes it through the knowledge-based system established based on MTO’s Highway Geometric Design and the Navigational Waterways Clearance guidelines. The sustainability capabilities of the model are broken into two sub- modules; a BrSRS was developed by using the amalgamation of various existent highways and roads sustainability rating systems and by considering the introduction of bridge design. The system mimics the style of LEED as users can select from a weighted list of sustainable construction activities and materials to accumulate credits towards a sustainability classification. The second includes a BrEPSM that the forecasts footprints levels of bridge projects based on 5 footprint indicators namely; carbon; water; energy; emissions; and work environment with data obtained from Statistics Canada pertaining to each footprint illustrated on a radar graph. The third module takes the knowledge-based output and presents it in 3D mode via AutoCAD allowing users to alter the drawing’s dimensions and accordingly the model reiterates the calculations based on the changes made in the 3D CAD model. The final module generates an approximate cost estimate of the conceptually designed bridge, which is ideal for the feasibility study of the project.

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22

Landrum, Carla. "MAPPING AND DECOMPOSING SCALE-DEPENDENT SOIL MOISTURE VARIABILITY WITHIN AN INNER BLUEGRASS LANDSCAPE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/34.

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There is a shared desire among public and private sectors to make more reliable predictions, accurate mapping, and appropriate scaling of soil moisture and associated parameters across landscapes. A discrepancy often exists between the scale at which soil hydrologic properties are measured and the scale at which they are modeled for management purposes. Moreover, little is known about the relative importance of hydrologic modeling parameters as soil moisture fluctuates with time. More research is needed to establish which observation scales in space and time are optimal for managing soil moisture variation over large spatial extents and how these scales are affected by fluctuations in soil moisture content with time. This research fuses high resolution geoelectric and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) as auxiliary measures to support sparse direct soil sampling over a 40 hectare inner BluegrassKentucky (USA) landscape. A Veris 3100 was used to measure shallow and deep apparent electrical conductivity (aEC) in tandem with soil moisture sampling on three separate dates with ascending soil moisture contents ranging from plant wilting point to near field capacity. Terrain attributes were produced from 2010 LiDAR ground returns collected at ≤1 m nominal pulse spacing. Exploratory statistics revealed several variables best associate with soil moisture, including terrain features (slope, profile curvature, and elevation), soil physical and chemical properties (calcium, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, clay and sand) and aEC for each date. Multivariate geostatistics, time stability analyses, and spatial regression were performed to characterize scale-dependent soil moisture patterns in space with time to determine which soil-terrain parameters influence soil moisture distribution. Results showed that soil moisture variation was time stable across the landscape and primarily associated with long-range (~250 m) soil physicochemical properties. When the soils approached field capacity, however, there was a shift in relative importance from long-range soil physicochemical properties to short-range (~70 m) terrain attributes, albeit this shift did not cause time instability. Results obtained suggest soil moisture’s interaction with soil-terrain parameters is time dependent and this dependence influences which observation scale is optimal to sample and manage soil moisture variation.

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23

Okalp, Kivanc. "Soil Erosion Risk Mapping Using Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study On Kocadere Creek Watershed, Izmir." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606783/index.pdf.

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Soil erosion is a major global environmental problem that is increasing year by year in Turkey. Preventing soil erosion requires political, economic and technical actions before these actions we must learn properties and behaviors of our soil resources. The aims of this study are to estimate annual soil loss rates of a watershed with integrated models within GIS framework and to map the soil erosion risk for a complex terrain. In this study, annual soil loss rates are estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) that has been used for five decades all over the world. The main problem in estimating the soil loss rate is determining suitable slope length parameters of USLE for complex terrains in grid based approaches. Different algorithms are evaluated for calculating slope length parameters of the study area namely Kocadere Creek Watershed, which can be considered as a complex terrain. Hickey&amp #8217 s algorithm gives more reliable topographic factor values than Mitasova&amp #8217 s and Moore&amp #8217 s. Satellite image driven cover and management parameter (C) determination is performed by scaling NDVI values to approximate C values by using European Soil Bureau&amp #8217 s formula. After the estimation of annual soil loss rates, watershed is mapped into three different erosion risk classes (low, moderate, high) by using two different classification approaches: boolean and fuzzy classifications. Fuzzy classifications are based on (I) only topographic factor and, (II) both topographic and C factors of USLE. By comparing three different classified risk maps, it is found that! in the study area topography dominates erosion process on bare soils and areas having sparse vegetation.

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24

Rodriguez, Henry. "A Comparison of Rainwater Harvesting Tank Sizing Methods: Optimizing to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions versus Maximizing System Reliability." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo151577155419202.

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25

Yazzie, Kimberly Crystal. "Watershed Response to Climate Change and Fire-Burns in the Upper Umatilla River Basin Using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3127.

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This study provides an analysis of watershed response to climate change and forest fire impacts, to better understand the hydrologic budget and inform water management decisions for present and future needs. The study site is 2,365 km2, located in the upper Umatilla River Basin (URB) in northeastern Oregon. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, a distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model, was used in this study. Model calibration yielded a Nash Sutcliffe Model Efficiency of 0.73 for both calibration (1995-2010) and validation (2010-2014) of daily streamflow. Ten Global Climate Models using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 experiments with Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP), were used to observe hydrologic regime shifts in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Mean center timing of flow occurs earlier in the year in both pre- and post-fire conditions, where there are increased winter flows and decreased summer flows throughout the 21st century. Change in temperature and percent change in precipitation is more variable in the summer than winter increasing over time, with a slight decrease in winter precipitation in the 2080s in RCP 8.5. Temperature increases 1.6°C in RCP 4.5 and 3.3°C in RCP 8.5 by the end of the 21st century. The ratio of Snow Water Equivalent to Precipitation decreases 96% in the 2080s in RCP 8.5 before forest cover reduction, and decreases 90-99% after forest cover reduction. Potential basin recharge and the base-flow index are both sustained throughout the 21st century with slight declines before forest cover reduction, with an increase in basin recharge and increase in base-flows in the 2080s after fire-burns. However, the simulated sustained base-flows and area-weighted basin recharge in this study, do not take into account the complex geologic structure of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). A more robust characterization and simulation of URB aquifer recharge would involve coupling the PRMS model with a groundwater model in a future study. Although groundwater recharge in the CRBG in the URB is not well understood, the long-term decline of groundwater storage presents a serious environmental challenge for the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and communities in the URB.

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26

Quarderer, Nathan Anderson. "Sediment-size analysis, nitrate monitoring, bathymetric mapping and construction of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a backwater region of the Upper Mississippi River System 2008-2009." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/728.

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In April 2008, the non-profit organization Living Lands & Waters (LL&W) approached IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering to assist with the preliminary scoping and assessment for the proposed dredging and restoration of the backwater region located near the confluence of the Iowa and Mississippi Rivers, commonly referred to as Boston Bay. IIHR was responsible for the measurement and analysis of relevant physical and chemical parameters including particle-size analysis of sediment cores; real-time monitoring of nitrate-nitrogen concentration of agricultural runoff entering Boston Bay; bathymetric surveying; as well as the development of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic capable of simulating the proposed dredging activity. Particle-size analysis was achieved using the hydrometer method of sedimentation to determine the distribution of fine particles (silt and clay) while traditional sieving techniques were employed to establish the proportions of sand-sized particles. Results indicate that the sediment contained in Boston Bay consists primarily of particles with diameters in the range of 2-50 µm, what the USDA considers silt, and clay. A real-time nitrate-nitrogen sensor was deployed at the Bay Island Drainage & Levee District pump intake from October 2008, through June 2009. The data collected, coupled with the daily maintenance logs from the pumping station, allow one to estimate that roughly 800 tons of nitrate-nitrogen were pumped into Boston Bay from the drainage district during the time period that the nitrate sensor was deployed in the field. Bathymetric surveying took place in March, 2009. Survey results indicate that the average elevation of Boston Bay is 531.9 feet above sea level (MSL, 1912). Overall, the bay is very flat with little topographic relief except in the areas of Bell's Pocket and the pond where the drainage district pumps discharge. These areas are much deeper than other areas of the bay, with elevations as low as 508 feet above sea level in the deepest regions. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the bay (pre- and post-dredge) was constructed using the US Bureau of Reclamation's SRH-W modeling package. Initial results indicate that dredging Boston Bay does not appear to have detrimental impacts on the existing hydrology of the study area. Model outputs reveal that dredging will create greater availability of deep-water regions, with increased areas of faster moving current. The total area of inundation will also be affected by dredging, perhaps creating ideal habitat for hardwood tree species in portions of the study area that would otherwise be wet under existing conditions. Further studies should be conducted to couple the data obtained during particle-size analysis, with the model results to help estimate the feasibility of the proposed dredging activity and lifetime of the excavated channels.

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27

Cardwell, Emma Jayne. "It's not fish you're buying, it's our rights : a case study of the UK's market-based fisheries management system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:adffcd93-ad2b-4f74-9d3d-a1b3d49fc264.

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This thesis, submitted for the Doctor of Philosophy in Geography and Environment, presents a case study of the development of the UK's market-based management system for oceanic fisheries. Implemented gradually in the years since 1984, the informal nature of the UK's fisheries management system, which has developed through a number of incremental changes and government-industry "gentlemen’s agreements" rather than clear legislative moves, means that few official policy documents (and perhaps consequently, little academic literature) on the subject currently exist. This thesis traces the material and political processes of market formation, looking at the origin of market-based policies in the theories of bioeconomics and wider economic history. It asks what the implicit assumptions of the economic discipline can – and can't – tell us about the impacts and outcomes of market creation, and using a Foucauldian inspired approach to economic performativity, discusses the role of ostensibly descriptive theories in shaping the world around them. Finally, it calls for a greater geographical engagement with marine issues, and proposes an action-research role for geographers in the politics of the sea.

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28

Van, Niekerk Adriaan. "CLUES : a web-based land use expert system for the Western Cape." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1360.

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29

Kraft, Deborah Joy. "Nutrient Removal Performance Of A Wood Chip Bioreactor Treatment System Receiving Silage Bunker Runoff." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/981.

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Silage bunker runoff is a form of agricultural pollution that contributes to aquatic ecosystem degradation. Current handling and treatment methods for this process wastewater are often ineffective or expensive. A woodchip bioreactor is an emerging treatment technology designed to facilitate denitrification through the provision of an anaerobic, carbon rich environment. A wood chip bioreactor treatment system, consisting of three pre-treatment tanks, two wood chip bioreactors, and one infiltration basin, was constructed at the Miller Research Complex in South Burlington, Vermont in 2016. Runoff and leachate from an adjacent silage storage bunker is directed into the system. The pre-treatment tanks include two settling tanks and one aeration tank. The former allows for sedimentation of organic matter, while the latter is designed to allow for nitrogen transformations that will help maximize nitrogen removal in the bioreactors. During the summer and fall of 2017, sampling occurred at four points within the system in order to determine the efficacy of various treatment steps. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NOx—N), ammonium (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in order to compare inflow and outflow pollutant concentrations and loads. Results indicate that this treatment system significantly reduced nutrient loads in the runoff. Over the entirety of the sampling period, the influent TN and TP mass load were both reduced by approximately 44%.

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30

Nguyen, Thi Hong Diep, Glino Gallardo Wenresti, Kumar Tripathi Nitin, and Hoang Minh Truong. "Cobia cage culture distribution mapping and carrying capacity assessment in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126816.

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Cobia fish cage is the most popular marine culture species raised in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. For its sustainable development, there is a need to determine the carrying capacity to avoid nega-tive marine environmental impact in the future. This study was carried out to collect water samples each two months at the lowest and highest tides at four points around the farming area in Rach Vem, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province from February to October 2011. Water quality in cobia cage culture was surveyed to assess the environmental status of coastal aquaculture areas including seven parameters such as DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP and Chlorophyll-a. These parameters are suitable to rear cobia fish cage in this area. Nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as the principal nutrients produced by the cobia fish farm and affecting water environment. This study found that the carrying capacity for fish cage farming in the area is 290.96 to 727.81 tons (based on total nitrogen) and 428.64 to 1,383.88 tons (based on total phosphorus) from February to Au-gust 2011. The maximum number of cobia cages should be, based on total nitrogen, from 64 to 266 and, based on total phosphorus, from 94 to 253. Moreover, this study examined the possibility of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique based on Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) method by THEOS imagery for mapping of cage culture facilities and detect the location for cobia cage culture in study area Cá bớp nuôi lồng bè là một trong những loài cá nuôi phổ biến khu vực ven biển Phú Quốc, Việt nam. Nhằm phát triển bền vững vùng ven biển, đề tài thực hiện đã xác định và đánh giá hiện trạng môi trường nước và sức tải môi trường của nghề nuôi cá bớp lồng bè ở đảo Phú Quốc. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện thông qua việc thu mẫu môi trường nước mỗi 2 tháng theo mức nước triều cao nhất và thấp nhất tại 4 điểm quanh khu vực nuôi tại ấp Rạch Vẹm, huyện Phú Quốc, tỉnh Kiên Giang từ tháng 02-10/2011. Chất lượng nước khu vực nuôi thủy sản cũng được khảo sát với 7 chỉ tiêu gồm DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Chlorophyll-a. Các thông số chất lượng môi trường này phù hợp nuôi cá bớp tại khu vực nghiên cứu dựa trên tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, đạm và lân là 2 thông số được sử dụng để tính toán sức tải môi trường. Sức tải môi trường được tính toán cho khu vực nuôi cá bớp dao động khoảng từ 290.96 tấn đến 727.81 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng đạm tổng số) và từ 428,64 tấn đến 1.383,88 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng lân tổng số) trong thời gian từ tháng 2 đến tháng 10 năm 2011. Số lượng tối đa lồng bè nuôi cá bớp khoảng từ 64 đến 266 (đạm tổng số) và từ 94 đến 253 (lân tổng số) dựa vào phân tích hồi quy tương quan. Bên cạnh đó, công nghệ viễn thám và hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) đã được ứng dụng bằng cách sử dụng ảnh THEOS để xác định vị trí và phân bố không gian khu vực nuôi cá lồng bè dựa trên phương pháp phân tích đối tượng theo hướng (OBIA)

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31

Webster, Michael S. "The development of a Geographic information system for environmental monitoring on the Cape Peninsula, and an assessment of the use of spot imagery for vegetation mapping." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22272.

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This thesis concerns the establishment of a Geographic Information System for the Cape Peninsula and the use of SPOT satellite imagery to map land cover classes. The former is seen as a necessary tool to promote judicious conservation management decisions for the fragile "Fynbos" ecosystem, and the latter as a convenient means of acquiring up-to-date information concerning the environment, and to monitor change.

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32

Comes, Ellen Louise. "Geomorphic Response to Lowhead Dam Removal in a Mid-Sized Urban River System." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471617826.

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33

Casaus, Kevin Ricardo 1969. "Use of GIS for natural and cultural resource management: A computerized rule-based activity planning system on San Nicolas Island, Point Mugu Naval Air Weapons Station." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278674.

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Managing natural and cultural resources on a department of Defense (DoD) facility presents a difficult challenge. Many DoD facilities contain sensitive resources that are protected by a myriad of state and federal laws. Resource protection is complicated further since, while an important endeavor, it often is subjugated to the fulfillment of the military mission. The ability for resource managers to compare, analyze, and integrate complex resource data determines the speed and efficiency in which planning decisions are made. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help resource managers make informed accurate resource management decisions in an expedient manner. This project expanded a GIS database for San Nicolas Island (SNI), part of the Point Mugu Naval Air Weapons Station CA, and created prototype computer application to assist in resource management. This application, the Point Mugu Computerized Activity Planning System (PM-CAPS), assists managers in selecting locations on SNI for military activities to occur while minimizing the negative impacts on sensitive cultural and natural resources.

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34

Mierzwiak, Sara M. "The Development of the Contaminant Exceedance Rating System (CERS) for Comparing Groundwater Contaminant Data." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345227410.

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35

Dehm, Dustin. "A Small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) Based Method for Monitoring Wetland Inundation & Vegetation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556713788128588.

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36

Coleman, Sarah. "Bottom-up adaptive management and stakeholder participation for clean water and healthy soils in a complex social-ecological system." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/853.

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Protection of water resources in a changing climate depends on bottom-up stewardship and adaptive management. From the ground up, a vital component is maintaining soil ecosystem services that regulate water, recycle nutrients, sequester carbon, provide food, and other benefits. Interacting spatial, social, and physical factors determine agricultural and stormwater management, and their impact on water. This dissertation explores these dimensions within a complex social-ecological system. The first chapter evaluates a participatory process to elicit solutions to complex environmental problems across science, policy, and practice. The second chapter studies on-farm soil assessment and its role in informing management decisions and supporting adaptive capacity. The third chapter investigates cross-scale dynamics of residential green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) for improved water resource management in a broader social-ecological context. Integrating participant feedback into current science, research, and decision-making processes is an important challenge. A novel approach that combines a Delphi method with contemporary “crowdsourcing” to address water pollution in Lake Champlain Basin in the context of climate change is presented. Fifty-three participants proposed and commented on adaptive solutions in an online Delphi that occurred over a six-week period during the Spring of 2014. In a follow-up Multi-Stakeholder workshop, thirty-eight stakeholders participated in refining and synthesizing the forum’s results. The stakeholders’ interventions from the crowdsourcing forum have contributed to the current policy dialogue in Vermont to address phosphorus loading to Lake Champlain. This stakeholder approach strengthens traditional modeling scenario development to include priorities that have been collectively refined and vetted. Healthy agricultural soils cannot easily be prescribed to farms and require knowledge and a long-term commitment to a holistic and adaptive approach. The second chapter addresses the questions: “to what extent do farmers use indicators of soil health, and does feedback inform management decisions?” A survey of farmers in two Vermont watersheds was conducted in 2016 showed relatively high use of fourteen soil indicators and high rankings of their importance. The finding that there were differences in use and perceived importance of soil indicators across management and land-use types has implications beyond the farm scale for agriculture, and the provision of ecosystem services. Soil management relates to broader adaptation strategies including resistance, resilience, and transformation that affects adaptive capacity of agroecosystems. Bottom-up adoption of environmental behaviors, such as implementing residential GSI, need to be understood in the context of the broader social-ecological landscape to understand implications for improved water management. A statewide survey of Vermont residents paired a cross-scale and spatial analysis to evaluate how intention to adopt three different GSI practices (infiltration trenches, diversion of roof runoff, and rain gardens) varies with barriers to adoption and household attributes across varying stormwater contexts from the household to watershed scale. Improved stormwater management outcomes at the watershed and local levels depend on management strategies that can be implemented and adapted along the rural-urban gradient, across the bio-physical landscape, and according to varying norms and institutional arrangements.

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37

Sinha, Rajib. "Systems Modeling Approaches to Physical Resource Management : An Industrial Ecology Perspective." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191327.

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Many of the present problems that we are facing arise as unanticipated side-effects of our own actions. Moreover, the solutions implemented to solve important problems often create new problems. To avoid unintended consequences, understanding complex systems is essential in devising policy instruments and in improving environmental management. Thus, this thesis investigated systems modeling approaches to under- stand complex systems and monitor the environmental performance of management actions. The overall aim of the work was to investigate the usefulness of different systems modeling approaches in supporting environmental management. A driver- based, pressure-oriented approach was adopted to investigate systems modeling tools. Material/substance flow analysis, environmental footprinting, input-output analysis, process-based dynamic modeling, and systems dynamics modeling approaches were applied in different cases to investigate strengths and weaknesses of the tools in generating an understanding of complex systems. Three modeling and accounting approaches were also tested at different systems scales to support environmental mon- itoring. Static modeling approaches were identified as fundamental to map, account, and monitor physical resource metabolism in production and consumption systems, whereas dynamic modeling showed strengths in understanding complex systems. The results suggested that dynamic modeling approaches should be conducted on top of static analysis to understand the complexity of systems when devising and testing policy instruments. To achieve proactive monitoring, a pressure-based assessment was proposed instead of the mainstream impact/state-based approach. It was also concluded that the LCA community should shift the focus of its assessments to pressures instead of impacts. Många nuvarande miljö- och utvecklingsproblem har uppstått som oförutsedda biverkningar av människans egna handlingar. De lösningar som prövats har i sin tur ofta skapat nya problem. Det därför viktigt att förstå hur komplexa system fungerar och att utforma styrmedel och ledningssystem som minimerar risken för oönskade bieffekter. Den här avhandling har använt olika modelleringsmetoder för att öka förståelsen för komplexa system och bidra med kunskaper om hur miljöprestanda och förvaltningsåtgärder kan följas upp på ett mer effektivt sätt. Det övergripande syftet med arbetet var att undersöka användbarheten av olika modelleringsmetoder för att effektivisera den fysiska resurshanteringen i samhället. I arbetet har ett flödesbaserat och aktörsinriktat arbetssätt (pressure based and driver oriented approach) använts i modelleringen. Material- och substansflödesanalys, miljöfotavtryck, input-output analys, processbaserad dynamisk modellering och systemdynamiska modelleringsmetoder studerades för att undersöka styrkor och svagheter hos de olika metoderna/verktygen. Tre olika modellerings- och redovisningsmetoder för att stödja miljöövervakning testades också i olika systemskalor. Statiska modelleringsmetoder (räkenskaper) identifierades som grundläggande för att kartlägga, kontoföra och övervaka den fysiska resursmetabolismen i produktions- och konsumtionssystem, medan dynamisk modellering visade sin styrka i att skapa förståelse för komplexa system. Resultaten pekar på att dynamiska modelleringsmetoder bör användas som ett komplement till statiska analyser för att förstå komplexiteten i systemen när man utformar och testar styrmedel. För att uppnå proaktiv övervakning bör flödesbaserade räkenskaper utnyttjas i större utsträckning i stället för den vanliga tillstånds- och påverkansövervakningen (state/impact monitoring). En viktig slutsats är därför att LCA-samfundet bör flytta fokus i sina bedömningar från påverkan till flöden. QC 20160830

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Tidåker, Pernilla. "Integrating farming and wastewater management : a system perspective /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200785.pdf.

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González, Acosta Andrés. "Towards an inclusive municipal solid waste management system: A case study from Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324140.

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The city of Xalapa, like many Mexican cities, does not count with any sort of official recycling program. Resource recovery relies on the work performed by the informal recycling sector and often, such work is neglected by the local government. In line with this, the aim of this study is to evaluate if a participatory resource management is a more suitable option than the current approach; so that the informal recycling sector can be included into the formal waste management system. In order to do so, this study employed a case study method using qualitative data; during the month of field work in Xalapa, semi- structured interviews and observation were the techniques used for collecting data. Concepts such as informal economy, participatory resource management, network theory and waste management were employed to analyze the organization and operation of the formal and informal waste management systems. Drawn from the results and analysis, it was presented that the informal recycling sector in Xalapa is composed of 5 different types of actors. Some of these actors are organized, while others work independently. The study revealed that their income is related to their capability of accessing to infrastructure and resources. This access to infrastructure and resources takes the form of a secondary materials trade hierarchy where the income of an actor depends on their ability to add value to their recovered materials. Additionally, organized actors tend to be less prone to manipulation and exploitation. Furthermore, it was deemed relevant to look at the current policies and regulations as well as to the action plans proposed by the local government for alleviating the solid waste crisis in Xalapa. It was identified that to consider a participatory resource management approach, several barriers need to be overcome; these barriers lie within the governance and social spectrum. However, despite the identified barriers, the current waste management system has opportunities for creating a more inclusive and socially just municipal solid waste management system.

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40

Eik, Arne. "Eco-efficiency of waste management : A case study of the Norwegian deposit and recycling system for PET bottles." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-674.

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The Norwegian system for depositing and recycling of PET bottles (Resirk/PET system)started in May 2000, and is based on Norsk Resirk's mission of improving cost- and environmental efficiency of this system. Has this been achieved? What can explain the changes that occurred in the system during recent years? I have found that the eco-efficiency of the Resirk/PET system increased considerably every year between 2000 and 2003. The net greenhouse gas (GHG emission was improved from -562 kg CO2e (562 kg CO2 equivalents avoided generated) for waste management of one tonne consumed bottles in 2000 to -1442 kg CO2e per tonne in 2003, while the net cost was reduced from 4062 €/tonne in 2000 to 2683 €/tonne in 2003. This eco-efficiency improvement was very much driven by the increased volume and return rate of PET bottles during this period. The environmental performance of the Resirk/PET system was high compared to other waste management systems for PET bottles, while the economical performance was considerably lower. The interactive development of the bottled non-carbonated mineral water Imsdal contributed significantly to the increase of the Resirk/PET system’s volume and return rate and hence the system’s improved eco-efficiency. A white spirit sabotage on Imsdal in August 2002 contributed to the development of Imsdal as well as the Resirk/PET system’s change of the design and material specification for participating PET bottles. By combining the quantitative eco efficiency framework with the qualitative framework of interactive resourced development, information about how much eco-efficiency of a defined system has changed, as well as an understanding of reasons for changes within the system, has been acquired. Such a combination should be possible to apply for analysis of other systems as well, and may be a valuable contribution to the field of industrial ecology since the methods complement each other in a fruitful way. The eco-efficiency of the Resirk/PET system can be improved further by:- Regarding used PET bottles as a resource to be applied for production- Reducing packaging tax for PET bottles- Increasing the bottle deposit- Keeping the PET specification updated- Improving collection efficiency- Improving cost efficiency of marketing and information- Increasing compaction and filling degree of reverse vending machines- Considering automatic sorting- Keeping focus on producing high quality PET flakes.In addition to having showed that the approaches of eco-efficiency and interactive resource development can be combined, this thesis may have implications on how ecoefficiency can be quantified in waste management systems, and how the concepts of adaptation and friction in resource structures are dealt with.

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Al, Murib Muhanned. "Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Tigris River System in Iraq Using CE-QUAL-W2." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4230.

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The Tigris River is one of two primary rivers in Iraq and is, along with the Euphrates, the main source for drinking and irrigation water in the country. The Tigris River originates in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, and is 1850 km long. The majority of the river lies within Iraq. The river passes through, and is the primary drinking water source for major cities such as Mosul, Baeji, Samarra, Baghdad (the capital), and Kut. The Tigris River joins the Euphrates River in Qurna city within Basra province to form the Shatt Al-Arab River which eventually discharges into the Persian Gulf. As a result of fluctuations in flow rate along the Tigris River that cause both potential flooding and drought, Mosul Dam was built on the mainstem of the Tigris River upstream of the city of Mosul and was operated starting in July 1986 to control the river flow and to generate hydroelectricity. Some canals were also constructed to divert excess fresh water from the mainstem of the river at Samarra Barrage located 125 km north (upstream) of Baghdad to Tharthar Lake, an artificial lake located 100 km northwest Baghdad city. The Tigris-Tharthar canal, 75 km long, was constructed in 1956 to divert excess water from Samarra Barrage to Tharthar Lake and to prevent potential flooding in Baghdad. During dry seasons, high total dissolved solids (TDS) water is diverted from Tharthar Lake into the mainstem of the Tigris River through the 65 km long Tharthar-Tigris canal, which is located 25 km upstream Baghdad. Due to rapid population growth and increasing industrial activates, the Tigris River is also facing many water quality challenges from inflows of contaminated wastewater from treatment plant stations. A water quality model that simulates the Tigris River system is therefore needed to study the effects of these discharges and how water quality of the Tigris River could be managed. To address this issue, CE-QUAL-W2 was used to develop a 2-D (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model of the mainstem Tigris River from Mosul Dam (Rkm 0) to Kut Barrage (Rkm 880). In addition, Tharthar Lake and its canals were modeled. A full suite of hydrodynamic and water quality variables were simulated for the year 2009, including flowrates, water level, and water temperature. Additionally, water quality constituents such as total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate (PO4), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were also simulated. Bathymetry of the Tigris River and field data such as flowrate, water level, TDS, NO3 were obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq, while surface water temperatures of the Tigris River were estimated remotely using Landsat satellites. These satellites provided a continuous observation record of remote sites. Other water quality field data, such as PO4, NH4, BOD, and DO, were estimated from literature values. Meteorological data, including, wind speed, wind direction, air and dew point temperatures, cloud cover, and solar radiation were obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation, the General Organization for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring. Model predictions of flow and water level were compared to field data at three stations along the mainstem of the Tigris River, including Baeji, downstream of Samarra Barrage, and Baghdad. The absolute mean error in the flow varied from 12.6 to 3.4 m3/s and the water level absolute mean error varied from 0.036 to 0.018 m. The percentage error of the overall flowrate at Baeji, downstream Samarra Barrage and Baghdad was 1.9%, 0.8%, and 0.8% respectively. Injecting a conservative tracer at Mosul Dam showed that a parcel of water reaches to Baeji, Samarra Barrage, Baghdad, and Kut Barrage after approximately 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, and 19 days, respectively. Water temperature field data in Iraq are limited and there was no archive of existing field data. Therefore, I obtained estimates of surface water temperature on the Tigris River using the thermal band of the Landsat satellite, one of a series of satellites launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The calibration between satellite data and water temperature was validated using sparse field data from 2004, and the calibration then applied to 82 Landsat images from the year 2009. Landsat estimates showed a bias of -2°C compared to model results in winter months, possibly due to uncertainty in Landsat estimations. The absolute mean errors of the CE-QUAL-W2 model predictions of water temperature compared to Landsat estimated temperatures were 0.9 and 1.0°C at Baeji and Baghdad respectively. Temperature calibration in the Tigris River system was highly sensitive to meteorological input data. Landsat Images were also used to estimate longitudinal variation in surface water temperature of Tharthar Lake. It was found that surface water temperature in Tharthar Lake varied longitudinally along the North-South axis with warmer temperatures in the lower part compared with the upper part of the lake. Total dissolved solids concentrations in the Tigris River significantly increased from Mosul Dam to Kut Barrage with peak concentrations of 900 mg/l and 1050 mg/l at Baghdad and Kut, respectively, due to high TDS water diverted from Tharthar Lake, irrigation return flow, urban runoff, and uncontrolled discharge of wastewater effluents. NO3 concentrations did not significantly increase between Samarra Barrage and Baghdad city. BOD concentrations within Baghdad were extremely high due to direct discharge of industrial wastewater into the mainstem of the Tigris River from outlets located within the city. Management scenarios were simulated with the model of the Tigris River system and were compared with the base model. The main scenarios implemented on the Tigris River system were altering upstream hydrology, increasing air temperature due to the effect of climate change, disconnecting Tharthar Lake from the Tigris River system, and simulating long-term effects on Tharthar Lake. Increasing upstream inflows caused a decrease in TDS concentrations from 495 mg/l to 470 mg/l over all the mainstem of the river. In addition, CBOD concentrations decreased somewhat from 5.9 mg/l to 5.74 mg/l. On the other hand, decreasing upstream flows caused a significant increase in average TDS concentrations over the entire Tigris mainstem from 495 mg/l to 527 mg/l. Also, an increase in CBOD concentrations from 5.9 mg/l to 6.2 mg/l was predicted over all the mainstem of the river. Implementing the climate change scenario on the base model of the Tigris River system showed a 5% increase in annually averaged water temperature from 20.7°C to 21.68°C over the mainstem river. Climate change scenarios produced no significant impacts on TDS and CBOD concentrations in the mainstem, while DO concentrations decreased from 8.15 mg/l to 7.98 mg/l with a slight increase in Chl-a concentration from 1.97 µg/l to 2 µg/l in the mainstem. Disconnecting Tharthar Lake from the system showed a remarkable 25% decrease in TDS concentrations, with an average concentration changed from 495 mg/l to 397 mg/l in the mainstem due to an extra 36% increase in flow discharged downstream of Samarra Barrage. Also, Chl-a concentration significantly decreased by 40% with an average concentration changed from 2 µg/l to 1.2 µg/l. Additionally, a 6-year model simulation of the Tigris River system was performed to evaluate the long-term effects on Tharthar Lake. No significant impact was observed in the average temperature of the lake. TDS concentrations in the lake decreased from 1239 mg/l to 1041 mg/l. PO4, NH4 and NO3 concentrations decreased by 2%, 66% and 26%, respectively. Chl-a concentration in Tharthar Lake decreased from 2.0 µg/l to 1.61 µg/l. After decreasing BOD concentrations of the Tigris River by 50%, BOD concentrations in the mainstem decreased by 24%, while DO concentrations increased by 2.8%. There were no significant impacts on Chl-a concentrations in the mainstem of the river. Finally, for a scenario where extremely low dissolved oxygen release from Mosul Dam in the summer, it was found that approximately 50 km below Mosul Dam was affected before DO concentrations reached an equilibrium concentration. For further work on the Tigris River system, it is recommended to model the Tigris River from Kut Barrage to the confluence with the Euphrates River, about 400 km long, and connect it with the current model to have a complete model of the Tigris River system from Mosul Dam to the confluence with the Euphrates River. This is necessary to manage water the entire system of the Tigris River and also to provide enough water with good quality in Basra.

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Caporuscio, Elizabeth. "EVALUATION OF A SEQUENTIAL POND SYSTEM FOR DETENTION AND TREATMENT OF RUNOFF AT SKYPARK, SANTA'S VILLAGE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/773.

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Understanding the extent to which human activities impact surface water resources has become increasingly important as both human population growth and related landscape changes impact water quality and quantity across varying geographical scales. Skypark, Santa’s Village is a 233.76-acre tourism-based outdoor recreation area located in Skyforest, California residing within the San Bernardino National Forest. The park is situated at Hooks Creek, the headwaters of the Mojave River Watershed, and is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes forest cover and human development, including impervious surfaces, a restored meadow, and recreational trails. In 2016, Hencks Meadow was considered degraded by human activity and restored by the Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) using best management practices (BMPs) to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate pollutants entering recreational downstream surface water. Three BMP detention basins were constructed to store and improve water quality from stormwater runoff. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent to which the engineered BMP detention basins design were effective in mitigating stormwater pollution from entering Hooks Creek. Over a six to eight month period (January to August), ponds were tested in situ bi-weekly for temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, turbidity (NTU), conductivity (µS/cm), nitrate (mg/L), and ammonium (mg/L), with additional laboratory tests for total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), total coliform (MPN/100mL), Escherichia coli (MPN/100mL), and trace metals (µg/L). The results of this study support that the BMP design is improving surface stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces before it enters Hooks Creek. Findings could also promote the design and implementation of stormwater BMP detention basins at other site locations where water degradation is evident. Furthermore, this research can be used to promote the necessary improvement of water quality and quantity on a widespread geographical scale.

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43

Shedekar, Vinayak Shamrao. "Developing an integrated, multi-scale modeling system for assessing conservation benefits in subsurface drained watersheds." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480606965301556.

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Lamichhane, Niraj. "Prediction of Travel Time and Development of Flood Inundation Maps for Flood Warning System Including Ice Jam Scenario. A Case Study of the Grand River, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1463789508.

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Park, Eunyoung. "Wastewater Reuse: Comprehensive Study about Treatment System Efficiency and Potential Public Health Concerns." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440451065.

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46

Kresz, Bierut Martha M. "Implications of Heavy Metal Pollution on Wildlife in the Rio Parrita Watershed, Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/575.

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Heavy metal pollutants enter watersheds because of deforestation, industrialization, and farming practices. Much research has been done on the Rio Tarcoles watershed, which includes Costa Rica’s capital city of San Jose, but much less has been performed on the Rio Parrita watershed, which lies adjacently South of the Tarcoles. This study aimed to examine the presence of metal pollutants in the Rio Parrita watershed and its possible implications on the wildlife that rely on it. Water and sediment samples were collected during the rainy season at the mouth of the Rio Tarcoles (high pollution control), Quebrada Terciopelo (low pollution control), and Rio Parrita watersheds and analyzed using ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of metallic elements along with the water’s pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). Statistical tests were used to analyze the differences in the availability of select metals in water and sediments that were frequently examined in relevant literature (Al, Fe, U, Cd, Tl, V, Ni, Cr). GIS maps were examined to delineate the watersheds and examine population densities in the Rio Parrita and Rio Tarcoles watersheds. Rio Parrita had significantly greater concentrations of Ni and Cr than either control river (p

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47

Blomquist, Peter, and Franz Wygler. "Analysing and Reengineering the Order Process at Noblessa Sverige AB : A Pre-Study for an ERP System Implementation." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6551.

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When implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, the system has to be adapted to the organisation. But just as important, the business processes of the organisation have to be reengineered in order to take full advantage of the ERP system. Noblessa Sverige AB, which is a sales company to the German kitchen producer Nobilia, has been growing remarkably since the start 2001 and has begun discussing an ERP system purchase. The order process of today has reached the limit of its capacity and something has to be done in order to meet the increasing sales volume.The purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyse and reengineer the order process as a preparation for an ERP system implementation. The outcome of this thesis is a suggestion of a process model of the order process, which also can be used as a foundation for a requirements specification for the ERP system purchase. In order to take advantage of the benefits of the existing order process, the reengineering starts with mapping the current process.Noblessa Sverige AB is a company that is growing and changing from one day to another. Changes have arisen during the writing of this thesis which has made the work even more interesting and challenging. The most important change is the opening of a central warehouse in Norrköping, which has been taken in consideration when we designed the new process model.After mapping and achieving an understanding of the current order process, we found a few things that could be improved. Above all, there exist many manual tasks that can be automated with the ERP system. Furthermore, there are tasks that should be moved from one department or function to another because it is more suitable to perform them there. We also found that Noblessa Sverige AB should improve the integration and cooperation with its suppliers, especially Nobilia. Nobilia is the main owner and main supplier of Noblessa Sverige AB, the conditions for cooperation are therefore very good.

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Miller, Benjamin Verlinden. "The Hydrology of the Carroll Cave-Toronto Springs System: Identifying and Examining Source Mixing through Dye Tracing, Geochemical Monitoring, Seepage Runs, and Statistical Methods." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/216.

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In karst areas relationships between activities occurring on the surface and the overall health of the subsurface environment are often highly interconnected. However, the complex nature of karst flow systems can often make identification of these connections difficult. Carroll Cave, a large stream cave system located in the central Missouri Ozarks, is known for its biological and speleological significance. A dye tracing project to delineate a Carroll Cave recharge area through dye tracing has identified an area of 18.5 km2 which contributes water to the cave. The water from Thunder River within Carroll Cave was positively traced to eight springs of the thirteen springs at a distributary spring system known as Toronto Springs. Through examination of the geochemistry of the individual springs, differences in water chemistry between the various outlets has become evident. Additional work with YSI Sonde dataloggers and consideration of carbonate chemistry relationships has sought to further define the variations in hydrochemical behavior, thus aiding in the discrimination potential spring sources. Primary sources thought to contribute water to the spring system include Carroll Cave and Wet Glaize Creek, with some minor influence from other losing streams in the vicinity. Seepage runs along Wet Glaize Creek have also identified major losing reaches, in close proximity to structural features, which may contribute water to Toronto Springs. Examination of the measured parameters and derived have identified that Carroll Cave and Wet Glaize Creek are the primary end members for Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, specific conductance, and temperature. Using these parameters a two end member mixing model has been developed which describes the mixing zone setting at Toronto Springs and calculates the average proportions of flow contributions by the end members. By using a multi-proxy approach of dye tracing, seepage runs, and geochemistry for the individual springs, the source waters and pathways for the springs at Toronto Springs have been identified.

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Tashev, Azamat. "Understanding Ecosystem Services through Organizational Analysis: Application to the Truckee-Carson River System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1515072255449453.

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Salgado, Camila Cristina Rodrigues. "Sistema de gest?o ambiental sob a perspectiva da resource-based view: um estudo de caso no verdegreen Hotel - Jo?o Pessoa/PB." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15079.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaCRS_DISSERT.pdf: 1680180 bytes, checksum: e2568d10eab80b3da3f9d71cc6355ec6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-13 The pressure for a new pattern of sustainable development began to require of modern organizations the conciliation between competitiveness and a environmental protection. In this sense, a tool that acts in the implementation of structured strategies is the Environmental Management System (EMS), which focuses on improving environmental performance. This improvement, in turn, can generate to the organizations many benefits , among which, obtaining competitive advantages, susceptible of measurement from different perspectives. One of these is the application of VRIO model, reasoned by the Resource-Based View (RBV), which considers that differences between companies occurs due to differences between its internal resources and capabilities. However, although was been found some studies in the literature that evaluate the competitive potential of certain organizations , such assessments are not performed on specific objects, like the SEM s. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resources and capabilities (environmental strategies) adopted by the SGA of the Verdegreen Hotel, identifying which of these have the potential to generate competitive advantage. For this, this exploratory-descriptive character study and delineated as field research and case study was used as data collection tools: a literature survey, semi-structured interviews, document research and participant observation. The interpretation of results and consolidation of information were conducted from a qualitative approach, using two techniques of data analysis, namely: content analysis and analysis through VRIO model. The results show that the hotel is quite structured in relation to their EMS, as well as reaching related to improving the management of environmental factors, strengthening the image and gains in competitiveness benefits. On the other hand, the main difficulties for the implementation of the system are related to employees and suppliers. With regard to environmental strategies adopted, of the 25 strategies identified, 10 showed the potential to generate competitive advantage A press?o por um novo padr?o de desenvolvimento sustent?vel passou a exigir das organiza??es modernas que seja conciliada competitividade com a prote??o ambiental. Neste sentido, uma ferramenta que atua na implanta??o de estrat?gias estruturadas ? o Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental (SGA), que tem como foco a melhoria do desempenho ambiental. Esta melhoria, por sua vez, pode proporcionar ?s organiza??es diversos benef?cios, dentre os quais, a obten??o de vantagens competitivas, pass?veis de mensura??o a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Uma dessas ? a aplica??o do modelo VRIO, fundamentado pela Resource-Based View (RBV), que considera que a heterogeneidade entre as empresas decorre de diferen?as entre os seus recursos internos e capacidades. Contudo, apesar de serem encontrados na literatura alguns estudos que avaliam o potencial competitivo de determinadas organiza??es, essas avalia??es n?o s?o realizadas em objetos espec?ficos, a exemplo dos SGA s. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os recursos e capacidades (estrat?gias ambientais) do SGA adotado pelo Verdegreen Hotel, identificando quais destes possuem potencial de gerar vantagem competitiva. Para tanto, este estudo de car?ter explorat?rio-descritivo e delineado como pesquisa de campo e estudo de caso, utilizou como ferramentas de coleta de dados: a pesquisa bibliogr?fica, a entrevista semiestruturada, a pesquisa documental e a observa??o participante. A interpreta??o dos resultados e a consolida??o das informa??es foram realizadas a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando duas t?cnicas de an?lise de dados, quais sejam: an?lise de conte?do e an?lise por meio do modelo VRIO. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o hotel est? bastante estruturado em rela??o ao seu SGA, fato este que pode ser justificado pela certifica??o ambiental obtida, assim como alcan?ou benef?cios relacionados ? melhoria da gest?o dos fatores ambientais, ao fortalecimento da imagem e ganhos em competitividade. Por outro lado, as principais dificuldades para a implanta??o do sistema est?o relacionadas aos colaboradores e fornecedores. No que se refere ?s estrat?gias ambientais adotadas, das 25 estrat?gias identificadas, 10 apresentaram potencial de gerar vantagem competitiva

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