Tesis sobre el tema "ERSP"

Avec les avancées technologiques dans le domaine de l'imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle et les progrès théoriques dans la connaissance des différents éléments neuro-physiologiques liés à la cognition, les deux dernières décennies ont vu l'apparition d'interfaces cerveau-machine (ICM) permettant à une personne d'observer en temps réel, ou avec un décalage qui se limite à quelques secondes, sa propre activité cérébrale. Le domaine clinique en général, et plus particulièrement celui de la neuropsychologie et des pathologies conduisant à un handicap moteur lourd, pour lesquels les applications potentielles sont nombreuses qu'elles soient thérapeutiques ou en vue d'une réhabilitation fonctionnelle, a constitué un moteur important de la recherche sur ce nouveau domaine des neurosciences temps réel. Parmi ces applications, le neurofeedback, ou neurothérapie, qui vise l'acquisition par le sujet du contrôle volontaire de certains aspects de son activité cérébrale en vue de les amplifier ou au contraire les diminuer dans un but thérapeutique, voire d'optimisation cognitive, représente une technique prometteuse, alternative aux thérapies et traitements médicamenteux. Cependant, la validation de ce type d'intervention et la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeux en sont encore à leurs balbutiements. L'entraînement par neurofeedback est souvent long, pouvant s'étaler sur plusieurs semaines. Il est donc très probable que ce type de rééducation cérébrale sollicite des phénomènes de plasticité qui s'inscrivent dans une dynamique lente, et de ce fait, requiert une durée relativement longue d'entraînement pour atteindre les effets à long terme recherchés. Cependant, à cela peuvent s'ajouter de nombreux éléments perturbateurs qui pourraient être à l'origine de la difficulté de l'apprentissage et des longs entraînements nécessaires pour obtenir les résultats attendus. Parmi eux, les perturbations qui viennent déformer le signal enregistré, ou les éléments artefactuels qui ne font pas partie du signal d'intérêt, sont une première cause potentielle. Le manque de spécificité fonctionnelle du signal retourné au sujet pourrait en constituer une deuxième. Nous avons d'une part développé des outils méthodologiques de traitement du signal en vue d'améliorer la robustesse des analyses des signaux EEG, principalement utilisés jusqu'à maintenant dans le domaine du neurofeedback et des ICM, face aux artefacts et au bruit électromagnétique. D'autre part, si l'on s'intéresse au problème de la spécificité fonctionnelle du signal présenté au sujet, des études utilisant l'IRM fonctionnelle ou des techniques de reconstruction de sources à partir du signal EEG, qui fournissent des signaux ayant une meilleure spécificité spatiale, laissent entrevoir de possibles améliorations de la vitesse d'apprentissage. Afin d'augmenter la spécificité spatiale et la contingence fonctionnelle du feedback présenté au sujet, nous avons étudié la stabilité de la décomposition de l'EEG en différentes sources d'activité électrique cérébrale par Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes à travers différentes séances d'enregistrement effectuées sur un même sujet. Nous montrons que ces décompositions sont stables et pourraient permettre d'augmenter la spécificité fonctionnelle de l'entraînement au contrôle de l'activité cérébrale pour l'utilisation d'une ICM. Nous avons également travaillé à l'implémentation d'un outil logiciel permettant l'optimisation des protocoles expérimentaux basés sur le neurofeedback afin d'utiliser ces composantes indépendantes pour rejeter les artefacts en temps réel ou extraire l'activité cérébrale à entraîner. Ces outils sont utiles dans le cadre de l'analyse et de la caractérisation des signaux EEG enregistrés, ainsi que dans l'exploitation de leurs résultats dans le cadre d'un entraînement de neurofeedback. La deuxième partie de ce travail s'intéresse à la mise en place de protocoles de neurofeedback et à l'impact de l'apprentissage. Nous décrivons tout d'abord des résultats obtenus sur une étude pilote qui cherche à évaluer chez des sujets sains l'impact d'un protocole de neuro-feedback basé sur le contrôle du rythme Mu. Les changements comportementaux ont été étudiés à l'aide d'un paradigme de signal stop qui permet d'indexer les capacités attentionnelles et d'inhibition de réponse motrice sur lesquelles on s'attend à ce que l'entraînement ICM ait une influence. Pour clore cette partie, nous présentons un nouvel outil interactif immersif pour l'entraînement cérébral, l'enseignement, l'art et le divertissement pouvant servir à évaluer l'impact de l'immersion sur l'apprentissage au cours d'un protocole de neurofeedback. Enfin, les perspectives de l'apport des méthodes et résultats présentés sont discutées dans le contexte du développement des ICMs de nouvelle génération qui prennent en compte la complexité de l'activité cérébrale. Nous présentons les dernières avancées dans l'étude de certains aspects des corrélats neuronaux liés à deux états mentaux ou classes d'états mentaux que l'on pourrait qualifier d'antagonistes par rapport au contrôle de l'attention : la méditation et la dérive attentionnelle, en vue de leur intégration à plus long terme dans un entraînement ICM par neurofeedback.

Avec les avancées technologiques dans le domaine de l'imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle et les progrès théoriques dans la connaissance des différents éléments neurophysiologiques liés à la cognition, les deux dernières décennies ont vu l'apparition d'interfaces cerveau-machine (ICM) permettant à une personne d'observer en temps réel, ou avec un décalage qui se limite à quelques secondes, sa propre activité cérébrale. Le domaine clinique en général, et plus particulièrement celui de la neuropsychologie et des pathologies conduisant à un handicap moteur lourd, pour lesquels les applications potentielles sont nombreuses qu'elles soient thérapeutiques ou en vue d'une réhabilitation fonctionnelle, a constitué un moteur important de la recherche sur ce nouveau domaine des neurosciences temps réel. Parmi ces applications, le neurofeedback, ou neurothérapie, qui vise l'acquisition par le sujet du contrôle volontaire de certains aspects de son activité cérébrale en vue de les amplifier ou au contraire les diminuer dans un but thérapeutique, voire d'optimisation cognitive, représente une technique prometteuse, alternative aux thérapies et traitements médicamenteux. Cependant, la validation de ce type d'intervention et la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeux en sont encore à leurs balbutiements. L'entraînement par neurofeedback est souvent long, pouvant s'étaler sur plusieurs semaines. Il est donc très probable que ce type de rééducation cérébrale sollicite des phénomènes de plasticité qui s'inscrivent dans une dynamique lente, et de ce fait, requiert une durée relativement longue d'entraînement pour atteindre les effets à long terme recherchés. Cependant, à cela peuvent s'ajouter de nombreux éléments perturbateurs qui pourraient être à l'origine de la difficulté de l'apprentissage et des longs entraînements nécessaires pour obtenir les résultats attendus. Parmi eux, les perturbations qui viennent déformer le signal enregistré, ou les éléments artefactuels qui ne font pas partie du signal d'intérêt, sont une première cause potentielle. Le manque de spécificité fonctionnelle du signal retourné au sujet pourrait en constituer une deuxième. Nous avons d'une part développé des outils méthodologiques de traitement du signal en vue d'améliorer la robustesse des analyses des signaux EEG, principalement utilisés jusqu'à maintenant dans le domaine du neurofeedback et des ICM, face aux artefacts et au bruit électromagnétique. D'autre part, si l'on s'intéresse au problème de la spécificité fonctionnelle du signal présenté au sujet, des études utilisant l'IRM fonctionnelle ou des techniques de reconstruction de sources à partir du signal EEG, qui fournissent des signaux ayant une meilleure spécificité spatiale, laissent entrevoir de possibles améliorations de la vitesse d'apprentissage. Afin d'augmenter la spécificité spatiale et la contingence fonctionnelle du feedback présenté au sujet, nous avons étudié la stabilité de la décomposition de l'EEG en différentes sources d'activité électrique cérébrale par Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes à travers différentes séances d'enregistrement effectuées sur un même sujet. Nous montrons que ces décompositions sont stables et pourraient permettre d'augmenter la spécificité fonctionnelle de l'entraînement au contrôle de l'activité cérébrale pour l'utilisation d'une ICM. Nous avons également travaillé à l'implémentation d'un outil logiciel permettant l'optimisation des protocoles expérimentaux basés sur le neurofeedback afin d'utiliser ces composantes indépendantes pour rejeter les artefacts en temps réel ou extraire l'activité cérébrale à entraîner. Ces outils sont utiles dans le cadre de l'analyse et de la caractérisation des signaux EEG enregistrés, ainsi que dans l'exploitation de leurs résultats dans le cadre d'un entraînement de neurofeedback. La deuxième partie de ce travail s'intéresse à la mise en place de protocoles de neurofeedback et à l'impact de l'apprentissage. Nous décrivons tout d'abord des résultats obtenus sur une étude pilote qui cherche à évaluer chez des sujets sains l'impact d'un protocole de neurofeedback basé sur le contrôle du rythme Mu. Les changements comportementaux ont été étudiés à l'aide d'un paradigme de signal stop qui permet d'indexer les capacités attentionnelles et d'inhibition de réponse motrice sur lesquelles on s'attend à ce que l'entraînement ICM ait une influence. Pour clore cette partie, nous présentons un nouvel outil interactif immersif pour l'entraînement cérébral, l'enseignement, l'art et le divertissement pouvant servir à évaluer l'impact de l'immersion sur l'apprentissage au cours d'un protocole de neurofeedback. Enfin, les perspectives de l'apport des méthodes et résultats présentés sont discutées dans le contexte du développement des ICMs de nouvelle génération qui prennent en compte la complexité de l'activité cérébrale. Nous présentons les dernières avancées dans l'étude de certains aspects des corrélats neuronaux liés à deux états mentaux ou classes d'états mentaux que l'on pourrait qualifier d'antagonistes par rapport au contrôle de l'attention : la méditation et la dérive attentionnelle, en vue de leur intégration à plus long terme dans un entraînement ICM par neurofeedback
With new technological advances in functional brain imaging and theoretical progress in the knowledge of the different neurophysiologic processes linked to cognition, the last two decades have seen the emergence of Brain-Machine Interfaces (BCIs) allowing a person to observe in real-time, or with a few seconds delay, his own cerebral activity. Clinical domain in general, and more particularly neuropsychology and pathologies leading to heavy motor handicaps, for which potential applications are numerous, whether therapeutic or for functional rehabilitation, has been a major driver of research on this new field of real-time neurosciences. Among these applications, neurofeedback, or neurotherapy, which aims the subject to voluntary control some aspects of his own cerebral activity in order to amplify or reduce them in a therapeutic goal, or for cognitive optimization, represents a promising technique, and an alternative to drug treatments. However, validation of this type of intervention and understanding of involved mechanisms are still in their infancy. Neurofeedback training is often long, up to several weeks. It is therefore very likely that this type of rehabilitation is seeking brain plasticity phenomena that are part of slow dynamics, and thus require a relatively long drive to achieve the desired long-term effects. However, other disturbing elements that could add up to the cause of the difficulty of learning and long training sessions required to achieve the expected results. Among them, the disturbances that come from recorded signal distortions, or artifactual elements that are not part of the signal of interest, are a first potential cause. The lack of functional specificity of the signal returned to the subject could be a second one. We have developed signal processing methodological tools to improve the robustness to artifacts and electromagnetic noise of EEG signals analysis, the main brain imaging technique used so far in the field of neurofeedback and BCIs. On the other hand, if one looks at the issue of functional specificity of the signal presented to the subject, studies using functional MRI or source reconstruction methods from the EEG signal, which both provide signals having a better spatial specificity, suggest improvements to the speed of learning. Seeing Independent Component Analysis as a potential tool to increase the spatial specificity and functional contingency of the feedback signal presented to the subject, we studied the stability of Independent Component Analysis decomposition of the EEG across different recording sessions conducted on the same subjects. We show that these decompositions are stable and could help to increase the functional specificity of BCI training. We also worked on the implementation of a software tool that allows the optimization of experimental protocols based on neurofeedback to use these independent components to reject artifacts or to extract brain activity in real-time. These tools are useful in the analysis and characterization of EEG signals recorded, and in the exploitation of their results as part of a neurofeedback training. The second part focuses on the development of neurofeedback protocols and the impact of learning. We first describe the results of a pilot study which seeks to evaluate the impact of a neurofeedback protocol based on the Mu rhythm control on healthy subjects. The behavioral changes were studied using a stop signal paradigm that indexes the attentional abilities and inhibition of motor responses on which the BCI training can possibly have influence. To conclude this section, we present a new tool for immersive interactive brain training, education, art and entertainment that can be used to assess the impact of immersion on learning during a neurofeedback protocol. Finally, prospects for methods and results presented are discussed in the context of next-generation BCI development which could take brain activity complexity into account. We present the latest advances in the study of certain aspects of the neural correlates associated with two mental states or classes of mental states that could be described as antagonistic with respect to the control of attention: meditation and mind wandering, for their integration in the longer term in an BCI training using neurofeedback

Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores – perfil de Energias Renováveis e Sistemas de Potência
Recentemente o setor elétrico tem vivenciado grandes mudanças no modo como a energia é produzida, distribuída e consumida e um dos maiores marcos na sua reestruturação é a descentralização na sua geração, que tem contribuído à participação de diferentes tecnologias baseadas em fontes renováveis e, em particular a energia eólica que representa uma quantia considerável no total de energia produzida no mundo, e como consequência surgiram as fortes exigências regulamentares da qualidade de serviço imposta aos operadores de rede. Numa rede, em particular as isoladas, a quantidade de produção eólica tem uma forte influência, tanto ao nível da segurança dinâmica, como na minimização dos custos de produção de energia. O que torna interessante a sua análise em tempo real numa plataforma de simulação dinâmica por meio de modelos matemáticos com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de penetração sem comprometer a estabilidade face às perturbações e/ou cenários críticos de operação, como curto-circuito, queda e/ou aumento brusco da velocidade do vento. Este estudo quando aplicado a um caso real, como é o caso das ilhas de Cabo Verde, em que a energia eólica é um vetor estratégico para o seu crescimento, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho poderão eventualmente assumir um papel importante na formulação do planeamento energético nacional. Assim, poder-se à identificar, à priori, os desafios da penetração de potência eólica nestas redes, bem como as suas necessidades de transmissão e distribuição em segurança técnica para o fornecimento de energia elétrica. Dada a metodologia, neste trabalho é aplicado um conjunto de cenários e perturbações na rede elétrica da ilha da Boa Vista, que correspondem a situações reais de modo a analisar a estabilidade de tensão e conhecer o comportamento dinâmico da rede dentro do panorama de penetração de 50 % de energia renovável em Cabo Verde até 2020.
Recently the electricity sector has experienced big changes in the way how the energy is produced, distributed and consumed, and one of the major reference in its restructuring is decentralization in her generation, which has contributed for the participation of different technologies based on renewable sources in particular the wind energy which represent a considerable amount of total energy produced in the world, and as a result came out the strong regulatory requirements of quality of service imposed on network operators. In a network, in particular the isolated, the amount of the wind production has a strong influence so much on the level of dynamic security, such as in reducing the energy cost of production. What makes it interesting her analysis in real time in a dynamic simulation platform by means of mathematical models in order to assess the penetration capability without compromising stability in the face of disturbances and or critical scenarios of operation, such as short circuit, fall and / or sudden/ unexpected increase of the wind speed. This study when is applied to a real case, as is in the case of Cape Verde, where the wind energy is a strategic vector for growth, the results of this study could eventually play an important role in the national energy planning formulation, one since through this it is possible to identify the challenges of wind power penetration on these networks, as well as her transmission and distribution needs for a safe supply of electricity. Given the methodology of this study it is applied to a set of scenarios and disturbances in the power grid of the island of Boa Vista, which correspond real situations in order to analyze the voltage stability and to know the dynamic behavior of the network as the panorama of penetration 50% of the renewable energy in Cape Verde until 2020.

Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores – perfil de Energias Renováveis e Sistemas de Potência
O número de sistemas fotovoltaicos nas redes de baixa tensão tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. Para além de produzir energia de uma forma limpa, é uma tecnologia que requer pouca manutenção e que é muito útil nos locais mais remotos e de difícil acesso. No entanto, o crescimento do número destes sistemas traz problemas ao nível da rede nomeadamente aumentos de tensão acima do limite definido e trânsito de potências bidirecionais. Normalmente, estes sistemas estão ligados à rede com o objetivo de injetar a máxima potência gerada. No entanto, estes sistemas podem também fornecer serviços auxiliares que permitem regular a tensão e equilibrar as fases na rede. O armazenamento de eletricidade tem vindo a emergir como um meio para melhorar a qualidade da rede elétrica e para facilitar a integração de fontes de energia renovável de pequena escala nas redes de baixa tensão. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação apresenta o estudo do impacto dos sistemas fotovoltaicos com e sem armazenamento com serviços auxiliares na rede elétrica. Neste trabalho é proposto a injeção de potência ativa e reativa de forma equilibrada ou desequilibrada de modo a equilibrar a rede e a regular a tensão. O uso de armazenamento para redução das perdas também é proposto.
The number of photovoltaic systems in low voltage grids has been increasing in recent years. Apart from the fact that these systems produce energy in a clean way, they require little maintenance and they are very useful in remote locations and with difficult access. However, the increase of the number of these systems brings problems to the grid, specially voltage increases above the threshold set and bidirectional power traffic. Typically, these systems are connected to the grid in order to inject the maximum power generated. However, these systems can also provide ancillary services that allow voltage regulation and phase balancing. The storage has been emerging as a mean to improve the quality of the grid and to facilitate the integration of small scale renewable energy resources in low voltage networks. In this context, this dissertation presents the study of the impact of photovoltaic systems with and without storage with ancillary services. In this work it’s proposed the injection of active and reactive power in order to balance the network and adjust voltage. The use of storage for reduction of losses is also proposed.

Plannings systems which can be considered as modules of an Enterprise Resource Planning system play a vital role in different types of organizations. The effects of the planning systems towards the Management Control Systems and organizational performance are less investigated in the context of not-for-profit/service providing organizations. This study sheds light on the effects of the planning systems on informal management controls and non-financial organizational performance by investigating the Swedish university sector through a case study performed at the Royal Institute of technology where the data were gathered using semi-structured interviews from different administrators using the planning systems. The study presents the effects of ten planning systems towards personnel controls, cultural controls and planning & decision making controls. It further examines how the planning systems affect the personnel development, workplace relationships, employee satisfaction and other type of organizational performance measures. In this endeavour, the results of this study shows how the personnel controls affects the personnel development, cultural controls affects the workplace relationships and planning & decision making controls affects the employee satisfaction, all in the light of different planning systems. Furthermore, it was also found out how different planning systems affect different organizational performance measures, namely, quality and efficiency of processes, quality of staff, employee health & safety, gender equality, premises and infrastructure, student attractiveness, quality assurance, research & education and external professional relationships. Finally this study generalizes the results found through investigating each planning system, which can be applied to the university sector/not-for-profit organizational sector in Sweden.
ME200X

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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O desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e dos sistemas de informação trouxe uma nova forma de planejamento, controle e tomada de decisões para as organizações. Neste contexto, o ERP (enterprise resource planning), um sistema de informações integrado, surge como uma oportunidade para os gestores conduzirem seus negócios com informações em tempo real. Ao mesmo tempo, a expansão do número de universidades brasileiras aumentou a

Für die Universitätsbibliothek und das Universitätsarchiv Chemnitz wird ein alter Industriebau modernisiert – die Alte Aktienspinnerei. Das Gebäude behält den Charakter eines Fabrikgebäudes aus dem 19. Jahrhundert und wird eine moderne Bibliothek beherbergen, die rund um die Uhr geöffnet haben wird. Es entsteht eine sehr besondere Bibliothek, die nicht nur ein Speicher für gedruckte und elektronische Medien ist, sondern vielmehr eine Atmosphäre bietet, in der sich wissenschaftlich interessierte Menschen treffen, gedruckte und digitale Informationen finden, miteinander diskutieren und neue Ideen entwickeln können.
An old industrial building is being modernised for the University Library and the University Archive of Chemnitz - the Alte Aktienspinnerei. The building retains the character of a 19th century factory building and will house a modern library that will be open around the clock. A very special library will be created, which will not only be a home for printed and electronic media, but will also provide an atmosphere in which people interested in science can meet, find printed and digital information, discuss with each other and develop new ideas.

Companies are always trying to enhance their functioning to achieve a competitive advantage in a given market. Some of the tools that are used to improve organizational functioning include ERP systems. In fact, ERP systems are becoming very popular among firms, to the point where they are considered by some as an ailing business savior. Nevertheless, despite the attractive functions that an ERP system may display to an interested company, implementing such a system successfully is a task that is far from being easy. Several problems may arise in the implementation phase, and a failure to address them correctly can have terrible consequences on the general functioning of a firm. Two of the main factors that contribute to a failed ERP system implementation are training and resistance to change. A tool that may actually help with the ERP system implementation failure is ERP simulation.

The main purpose of this thesis is to study the potential effect that ERP simulations can have on a potential ERP system user skills and knowledge, and thereafter find the potential impact that they may have while being used during an ERP implementation to facilitate training and reduce resistance to change.

The tools that were used to successfully accomplish this research were a personal interview with an ERP simulation expert, a detailed survey with ERP simulation participants, and various information that were collected from books, articles, reports and websites.

This thesis main results show that ERP simulations can enable ERP users to improve their knowledge of ERP systems effectively, and also have potential to contribute during the implementation phase by reducing the possible problems that may arise from the training and the resistance to    change perspectives.

ERCP:an liittyy kohtalaisen suuri komplikaatioriski, joten tarkoituksena on selvittää, onko ERCP-potilaat turvallista kotiuttaa samana päivänä tutkimuksen jälkeen, vai tulisiko kaikkia potilaita seurata yön yli. Tutkimuksessa vertaillaan komplikaatioiden ilmaantumista ja hoitoon paluun astetta kahden ryhmän, 6h seurattujen ja yön yli seurattujen, välillä. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin ESKO-potilastietojärjestelmästä vuosilta 2011 ja 2014. Yön yli seuratut potilaat (N=83) kerättiin vuodelta 2011 ja 6h seuratut (N=86) vuodelta 2014. Potilaista kerättiin seuraavat tiedot: ikä, sukupuoli, diagnoosi, ERCP:ssa suoritettu toimenpide, anestesiatiimin tarve, yleisimmät riskitekijät, komplikaatiot ja hoitoon paluu. Komplikaatioista tarkasteltiin yleisimpiä eli pankreatiittia, kolangiittia, vuotoa ja perforaatiota. Komplikaatiot ja niiden vaikeusasteet luokiteltiin Cottonin kriteerien mukaan. Riskitekijöistä otettiin huomioon alle 60v ikä, naissukupuoli, vaikea kanylaatio, aiempi PEP, SOD, PSC ja pancreas divisum. Aineisto analysoitiin SPSS-ohjelmalla. 6h seuratuista 7 potilaalla (8,1 %) ilmeni komplikaatioita ja yön yli seuratuista 12 (14,5 %) sai komplikaation (P=0,194, OR=0,699). 6h seuratuilla oli siis hieman enemmän komplikaatioita, mutta ero ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevä. Komplikaation vuoksi hoitoon joutui palaamaan 6h seuratuista 3 potilasta (3,5 %) ja yön yli seuratuista 5 (6,0 %) (P=0,491, OR=0,727), joten hoitoon paluussakaan ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää eroa ryhmien välillä. Tutkimustulokset tukevat ajatusta siitä, että ERCP olisi turvallista suorittaa myös päiväkirurgisesti.

This thesis is concerning with problems of using database systems in ERP / ERP II software packages. The goal is to define position of ERP / ERP II systems in the Information System market. With this topic are also connected characteristics of database systems and definition of their specific position towards ERP / ERP II solutions. Except classical solutions, when the whole Information System is situated "inside" a company, there are also analyzed new attitudes, which respect external provider of ERP / ERP II and database services, particularly SaaS and Cloud Computing technology. This thesis also deals with evaluation of contributions and threats of these new business models, respecting different size of ERP / ERP II solutions. After introductory theoretical chapters, we choose respondents from groups of producers and distributors of ERP / ERP II products and we implemented a survey through questionnaire research. The goal is to clarify main reasons of choice of specific database platforms, used with different types of ERP / ERP II solutions. Afterward, with the aid of defined hypothesis, I'm trying to explain a degree of platform independence of robust ERP / ERP II software packages, towards database platforms. In closing parts of the thesis, there are compared individual database platforms among each other, respecting their suitability of usage in ERP / ERP II systems. Database systems are closely analyzed from several points of view. On the basis of ascertained theoretical and empirical frequency of particular database solutions we determine dominant market players and with the aid of multicriterial comparison we clear up reasons of their success among other competitors. Finally, we outline an anticipated trend, where the database systems market destined for ERP / ERP II products should grow in.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) was developed from the fifties of the last century. Mainly used was for accounting. Another milestone was seventies when there was added functionality of material management. The biggest extensions came in the nineties when there was a significant increase of servers performance and ERP systems could be more complex. Suppliers began to develop new modules for Customer Relationship Management (CRM), analytics named Business Intelligence (BI), Warehouse Management System (WMS) and others. Expansion of Internet and secure connections began also cause of develop the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). ERP systems are more complex so implementation of this systems are more complex too because it extends to most processes in the company. Implementation starts by selecting an ERP system in relation to the processes maps of the company. Then it is necessary to manage whole process of the implementation and write target concepts of each parts. Equally important is the data preparation and cleaning of data base for migrate to a new ERP system. After programming, editing and parameterization of the required functions and processes following phase of testing. If all goes as expected and acceptance document is approved, ERP system is prepared to productive mode.

This thesis deals with the implementation of the ERP system. The thesis is divided into theoretical knowledge and case study. Its aim is to develop a comprehensive search for applications such as ERP and its application to a specific case study. The theoretical part describes the characteristics and evolution of ERP systems. The practical part deals with a case study of the implementation of the specific ERP system.

This work deals with creating a module for existing ERP system. Module should be able to produce dataprogress of production, monitor productivity of production and warn if some issue will happen. This work evaluates a processing of a large amount of data and it shows different possibilities how to precalculate data. It also deals with a draft how to predict information from known data.

This work is focused on the problematics of ERP as a Service and its main goal is to identify opportunities for new Czech providers of ERP as a Service. In theoretical part of this work at first is described that, what is provided by ERP as a Service. Further off is this part focused on that, how and under which terms can be and should be ERP as a Service provided. In last chapter of this part are presented world IT trends (for example Lean IT) and its relation to ERP as a Service. In second part of this work was documented the analysis of selected providers of ERP as a Service. That analysis helped to identify opportunities for new providers of ERP as a Service and also determine advices for new or selected providers of ERP as a Service. Creation of the method of the analysis was based on ideal of the provider of ERP as a Service and its product, which is described in first part of this work. In the analysis was also found some characteristics of Czech market of ERP as a Service and its providers. Benefits of this work are not only pointed at providers of ERP as a Service, but also at its potential customers. They can for example find out in this work on what they should focus on or what they should beware of when choosing ERP as a Service.

With the proliferation of Internet, ERP systems like all the domains of Information Technology have known an important evolution. This final thesis project is a study about the evolution of ERP systems, more precisely about their migration to the Web giving birth to a new generation of systems: the Web-Based or Web-enabled ERP systems. This migration to the Web is justified by the difficulty of making possible the communication between partner’s legacy systems and the organizations’ ERP systems. A historical evolution of these systems is presented in order to understand the reasons that lead vendors to adopt the Web Service Technology. Based on different studies, the main technologies such as Web services, Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Application server are also presented. From an interpretative research approach mySAP ERP has been chosen as a case study. This Master’s thesis has been led into AIRBUS France Company within the framework of the SAP Customer Competence Center (SAPCCC) Web site project. The project is aimed at re-building the SAPCCC Web site. The new characteristic of the Web site is to make it accessible by all AIRBUS partners working with SAP applications. To make the Web site accessible by the partners from their own applications located on their own platforms the development has been done thanks to mySAP ERP which is an ERP using the Web service technology. Finally, this thesis presents a comparative study between traditional ERP systems and the new generation of Web-based ERP systems.

This paper presents the work in progress regarding an international research project based on an empirical survey. It focuses on the early stages of making the adoption decision, thereafter evaluating and selecting an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system prior to implementation in Small to Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). The project seeks to close some of the identified gaps in ERP research. In addition, it attempts to link the results of the early stages of decision making to implementation, usage and evolution success in order to allow important conclusions to be made, for example, on the best practices in decision making or decision quality and success. This project will be restricted to the case of ERP software but will also give insights into the potential of integrating ERP and other important applications such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) or Supply Chain Management (SCM). The proposed research seeks to identify any differences and similarities contributing to the analysed research areas between British and Austrian companies. The choice of companies originating from two different regions in Europe is an important precondition in order to formulate results that will be applicable to the European Union in general. Due to the pervasive nature of ERP systems, our research results should be of interest to a wide range of professional and scholarly communities (from software engineering to accounting), in addition to the Information Systems (IS) field. The results presented should especially help practitioners in SMEs facing the important task of introducing an ERP system into their company. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations

Mobile Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is still a very young topic which is in the pro-cess of developing in practice and research. Reviews of the topic of mobile ERP are lack-ing. The purpose of  this  thesis  is  to  investigate how the concept of “Mobile ERP” has evolved by reviewing scientific articles on the topic from 1998 until June 2013. The total amount of articles we found when using the search term “Mobile ERP” was 246 articles and we could access 129 articles. These are the articles used for the literature review. We found, based on a framework used in previous studies for ERP that there are nine topic categories in which the articles can be divided and each category has a different evolution-ary level compared to the research area of “non-mobile ERP”. Mobile ERP has a signifi-cantly smaller number of results compared to ERP which had 886 articles in Schlichter & Kraemmergaard (2010). The nine topic categories are the following: Implementation of Mobile ERP, Management and Mobile ERP issues, Mobile ERP and Supply Chain Management, Optimisation of Mo-bile ERP, Mobile ERP and education, Studying Mobile ERP, The mobile ERP Market and Industry, The Mobile ERP Tool and Other. The topic with the most articles is “The Mobile ERP tool” followed by the topic “Other”, in which we have included both articles that have no relevance and articles that are very general and which cannot be categorized in only one category clearly. In third place comes “Optimisation of Mobile ERP” followed by “Implementation of Mobile ERP”, “Manage-ment and Mobile ERP issues”, “The Mobile ERP market and industry”, “Mobile ERP and supply chain management”, “Studying Mobile ERP” and last comes “Mobile ERP and ed-ucation” which is the only topic in which we did not manage to categorize any articles.

The purpose of this Thesis was to create a framework of 11 risk factors, investigate which of them are the most critical for the company and to find relationships between them Research questions  What continuing risks will the company experience after ERP implementation? What relationships and measures can be constructed to better understand and manage risk factors of post-implementation? Some years ago ERP was a novelty in doing business, but nowadays companies have advanced from the implementation to the exploitation phase.  Discussions about ERP post-implementation have just started to appear and many researchers see it as a second wave of ERP research. Undesirable risks in post-implementation stage of ERP can affect not just ERP area, they can lead to a total business failure. ERP post-implementation is a very important topic that requires attention, because understanding potential risk factors and their dependence on each other can facilitate managing process and help to avoid negative consequences. Knowledge of the risks can help to bring forth better practices that are consistent with a company’s internal context.

Current trends in ERP system were studied by conducting research and analyzes to see to what degree are current ERP trends reflected in existing ERP solutions that are being developed by both Czech and multinational vendors. For the purposes of the research a set of hypotheses was formulated and used to analyze the selected solutions. The research found two trends that are represented in the majority of selected ERP solutions. The application of cloud computing technology and the suitability to use particular solutions as two-tiered ERP. It was also found that all researched vendors to a certain degree implement the principles of Green ICT, although no vendor specifically labeled their software as Green ERP. It was also found that the term Social ERP doesn't appear to be an acceptable term for ERP vendors, although Social ERP functionality of some degree was found to be present in ERP solutions from multinational vendors.

An implementation project of an ERP system results in large changes. Organizations

that face an ERP implementation project have several risks to

consider in order to avoid problems that cause failures. The purpose of

this research is to extend existing models and create a method for implementation

of ERP systems. The method has then been employed to an

ongoing project at the department of Procurement and Supply at Ericsson

Mobile Platforms in Lund. Objectives for the research are to consider

which implementation strategy can be used and how an organization can

minimize risks.

The research approach and methodology is influenced by the qualitative

research method since it was necessary to gather qualitative facts instead

of quantitative facts. Included is also a case study due to the research is

executed within Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund.

There are two main opposite implementation strategies, Big Bang and

Step-by-Step. The choice of implementation strategy depends on number

of factors like the size of the organizations, complexity and resources.

A method of ERP implementation has been put forward as a result of the

integrated models. The method includes an overall model and a check list.

Risk identification is a problem that many implementation project faces, a

way to solve this is to make a careful risk analysis, a risk matirx with several

identified risks are putted forward throughout this study.

Teknologian vauhdikkaan kehityksen avustuksella ovat toiminnanohjaus- eli ERP-järjestelmät kehittyneet nykyiseen muotoonsa. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia, kuinka ne sopivat johtamisen välineeksi ja miten niitä johtamisen apuvälineenä käytetään. Suurten yritysten globalisoitumisen myötä olemassa olevia tietoja eri toimintayksiköistä haluttiin yhdistää ja siirtää yhteiseen tietojärjestelmään. ERP-järjestelmien sisältämät eri toiminnalliset moduulit varastonhallinnasta taloushallintoon tarjosivat yrityksille hyvän työkalun niiden liiketoimintaan liittyvien tietojen keräämiseen ja tallentamiseen. Näiden tietojen sekä ERP-järjestelmissä olevien ohjelmistosovellusten avulla yrityksen johtamista pyritään helpottamaan ja tehostamaan. Tässä työssä tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin kirjallisuuskatsausta jo olemassa olevaan tutkimusaineistoon.

This diploma thesis deals with support employee's mobility in ERP systems. In the opening it describes contemporary trends in the use of mobile devices in companies, followed by overview of basic functionality, which is essential for deploying those devices in the enterprise environment. Next part is focused on the integration of mobile devices into enterprise architecture. It consists of description, how the information from identified ERP modules is made available for mobile devices. New activities are connected with mobile device integration, especially security and management. Therefore several options covering these activities are mentioned in this thesis. Last part provides study of company Diskus spol. s r.o., where two problems are being discussed - low support for field workers and missing security policies for mobile devices. Last contribution is the comparison of support for mobile devices in ERP systems from the selected Czech providers (ABRA Gx, Byznys ERP, Helios Orange, K2, Karat and Premier System).

In my thesis I deal mainly with the issue of selecting enterprise resource planning system. In the initial passage I describe the ERP systems in general, briefly map their history to the present and mention actual trends and provide categorization of ERP systems. Part of the first passage is devoted to actual trends in the area of implementation of ERP systems and analysis of the ERP market on national scale and worldwide as well. In the following part of thesis I deal with the ERP system selection procedure which is followed by recommended content of ERP inquiry document, analysis and categorization of inquiry documents which were freely available on the internet. This passage ends with chapter devoted to contracts under implementation of ERP system. The beginning of the practical part of my thesis contains short description of selected organization, history of its actual information system and its current status. Main part deals with the concept of the ERP system inquiry document for selected organization. Work ends with a brief summary of the findings and results.

This diploma thesis focuses on the problematics of providing ERP in Cloud. The main objectives of this thesis lie in either identification of the situation in the ERP market, provision of an outline of particular deployment models, evaluation of strong and weak parts of ERP in cloud in contractor's and customer's point of view and in charting of potential risks and chances for the area. Obtained theoretical findings are utilized in the practical part of the thesis. Its significant portion is dedicated to proposition of methodology for the selection of right ERP model supply. This is then used for the particular choice of Oracle JD Edwards implementation. To achieve these objectives author realizes an analysis of electronic and printed resources as well as consultations with experts and also uses his own practical experiencies from Algotech Corporation. The main contribution of this thesis is in the creation of comprehensive sum of problematics and in the formation of methodology for the right type of deployment selection. This is all considering the further application and verification on the example. Thesis is divided into five theme parts -- ERP, Cloud, ERP in Cloud, methodology and practical setting of the presented methodology.

In diesem Beitrag lesen Sie: • welche Module die ERP-Lösungen aufweisen, • wie viele Projekte im Jahre 2007 durchgeführt wurden, • welches Alleinstellungsmerkmal die Systeme aus Sicht der Anbieter aufweisen.

Les traitements pharmacologiques symptomatiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) actuellement commercialisés ont un effet modeste sur le fonctionnement cognitif. De plus, le développement clinique de nouveaux composés plus efficaces est freiné par l’absence de critères prédictifs pour juger précocement de leur efficacité clinique.Dans ce contexte, l’électroencéphalographie (EEG) pourrait constituer un bio-marqueur suffisamment sensible pour identifier précocement (Phase I) le potentiel thérapeutique d’une nouvelle molécule sur le fonctionnement cognitif. De plus, la difficulté pour détecter des améliorations subtiles dans les performances cognitives en Phase I (i.e. chez des sujets sains) pourrait être palliée par le développement de paradigmes expérimentaux, tels que la privation de sommeil (PS), visant à induire des déficits cognitifs réversibles chez le sujet sain.Ainsi, l’EEG et l’EEG couplée à la privation de sommeil (PS) seraient des stratégies innovantes et pertinentes pour juger et prédire l’efficacité clinique d’une molécule en Phase I.Dans ce travail, nous tentons de juger de la pertinence de telles stratégies en identifiant, chez des sujets sains, des marqueurs EEG du fonctionnement cognitif liés soit (1) à la prise d’un médicament ayant un effet sur la cognition, (2) soit à l’induction d’un déclin cognitif réversible, (3) soit à l’effet concomitant des deux paramètres. Pour y parvenir, deux études ont été réalisées.Dans une première étude, l’effet du donepezil sur l’activité électrique corticale a été étudié chez 30 volontaires adultes, jeunes et sains. Ces volontaires ont été traités par donepezil (5 mg/jour per os) (vs. placebo) pendant 15 jours suivant une procédure en double aveugle, randomisée et en cross-over. _x000D_A la fin de la période de traitement, un EEG (58 voies) a été réalisé au cours de deux tâches attentionnelles (auditive et visuelle). Les potentiels évoqués cognitifs (PEC), la cohérence de phase inter-essais (ITC) et la perturbation spectrale liée à l’événement (ERSP) ont ensuite été calculés.Dans une deuxième étude, l’effet d’une PS a été étudié chez 36 volontaires adultes, jeunes et sains. De plus, l’effet d’un médicament ayant un effet bien connu sur la cognition (en particulier sur la vigilance), le modafinil, a également été étudié sur cette PS.Suite à une PS de 24 h, les participants se sont vus administrés une dose de modafinil (200 mg en prise unique) (vs. placebo) suivant une procédure en double aveugle, randomisée et en cross-over. Un EEG (25 voies) a été réalisé au cours d’une tâche attentionnelle auditive (identique à celle de l’étude I) avant et après la PS. Les PEC, l’ITC et l’ERSP ont ensuite été calculés.Grâce à ces deux études, nous avons identifié, à l’échelle de groupe, des marqueurs EEG de la cognition liés soit à l’induction d’un déclin cognitif (induit par une PS), soit à l’intervention pharmacologique ciblant le système cholinergique (donepezil) ou différents neurotransmetteurs (modafinil). L’ensemble de ces marqueurs porterait sur la modulation de l’activité corticale au sein du réseau fronto-pariétal ventral, connu pour régir les processus attentionnels et exécutifs. Nous avons également confirmé que ce réseau serait sous-tendu par des activités oscillatoires δ/θ et α. L’efficience cognitive serait le reflet de l’intégrité de ce réseau.Nous avons conclu que l’EEG est un outil suffisamment sensible pour détecter des changements subtils dans les processus neurocognitifs de participants adultes, jeunes et sains suivant l’administration d’un traitement de la MA et de manière plus générale suivant l’administration d’un médicament ayant un effet sur la cognition lorsqu’un déclin cognitif est provoqué (PS).Sous réserve de réplication des résultats et d’analyses complémentaires, l’EEG ainsi que l’EEG couplée à la PS pourraient constituer des outils additionnels à l’évaluation cognitive pour prédire l’efficacité de nouveaux candidat médicaments de la MA
Symptomatic pharmacological treatments currently marketed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have a modest effect on cognitive functioning. In addition, the clinical development of new and more effective compounds is hampered by the lack of predictive criteria to judge their early clinical efficacy.In this context, electroencephalography (EEG) could be a sufficiently sensitive biomarker to identify in an early stage (i.e. Phase I) the therapeutic potential of a new molecule on cognitive functioning. In addition, the difficulty to detect subtle improvements in cognitive performance in Phase I (i.e. in healthy subjects) could be overcome by the development of experimental paradigms such as sleep deprivation (SD), to induce cognitive deficits, still reversible in healthy subjects.EEG and EEG coupled with sleep deprivation (SD) would be innovative and relevant strategies to determine and predict the clinical effectiveness of a molecule in Phase I.In this work, we try to determine the relevance of such strategies by identifying, in healthy subjects, EEG markers of cognitive functioning related to (1) either the taking of a cognitive drug, (2) or the induction of a reversible cognitive decline, (3) or concomitant effects of the two parameters. In order to do that, two studies were performed.In a first study, the effect of donepezil on cortical electrical activity was studied in 30 young, healthy adult volunteers. These volunteers were treated with donepezil (5 mg/day orally) (vs. placebo) for 15 days following a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial.At the end of the treatment period, an EEG (58 electrodes) was performed during two attentional tasks (auditory and visual). Event-related potentials (ERP), the inter-trial coherence (ITC) and the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were then calculated.In a second study, the effect of SD was studied in 36 young, healthy adult volunteers. In addition, the effect of a cognitive drug (involving high alertness), the modafinil was also studied on this SD._x000D_Following a SD of 24 h, the participants were administered a dose of modafinil (200 mg in a single dose) (vs. placebo) in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. An EEG (25 electrodes) was performed in a hearing attentional task (identical to that of Study 1) before and after the PS. The ERP, ITC and ERSP were then calculated.Through these two studies, we have found, at the group level, cognitive EEG markers related either to the induction of cognitive decline (SD) or pharmacological intervention targeting cholinergic system (donepezil) or several neurotransmitters (modafinil). All these markers would concern the modulation of cortical activity in the ventral frontoparietal network, known to regulate attentional and executive processes. We also confirmed that the network is underlying by δ/θ and α oscillatory activities. The cognitive efficiency would reflect the integrity of the network.We conclude that EEG is a sufficiently sensitive tool to detect subtle changes in neurocognitive processes of young, healthy adult volunteers, following the administration of a treatment of AD and more generally following the administration of a drug having an effect on cognition when cognitive decline is caused (SD).EEG and EEG coupled with SD could constitute additional tools to the current cognitive assessment for predicting the efficacy of new drug candidates for AD before initiation Phases II/III clinical trials. However, the present works needs to be replicated so that the EEG markers described here can be validated so as to be used in drug trials

Denna studie utforskar hur organisationer kan undvika tillkortakommanden vid ERP- implementationer. Studien bygger på två forskningsfrågor: i) “Hur arbetar projektledare med meningsgivande handlingar vid ERP-implementationer?” samt ii) “Vilka faktorer upplevs vara viktiga för systemanvändares meningsskapandet?”. För att besvara frågorna undersöker studien ERP-implementationer utifrån en socialkonstruktivistisk lins där teorin om meningsskapande appliceras. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där 16 projektledare och systemanvändare inom åtta svenska organisationer intervjuats. Resultaten tyder på att projektledare använder fyra kommunikationskanaler i sitt meningsgivande: i) intranät/mail, ii) möten, iii) utbildningar samt iv) superanvändare. Vidare indikerar de även att de kanaler som möjliggjort social interaktion bidraget till en mer positiv uppfattning hos systemanvändarna. Systemanvändarnas meningsskapande upplevs påverkas av fem faktorer: i) generationstillhörighet, ii) förändringsförståelse, iii) avstånd till förändringen, iv) engagemang samt v) förändringskultur. Studien adderar till tidigare forskning genom att fördjupa kunskapen om hur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt synsätt kan användas för att studera ERP-implementationer.
This study explores how organizations can mitigate ERP failures. The study is based on two research questions: i) “How do project managers apply sensegiving during ERP implementations?”, and ii) “What aspects are perceived as important in the sensemaking process amongst systems users?”. Pursuing these questions, the study examines ERP implementations through a social constructivist lens and the theory of sensemaking. The study is based on a qualitative method, in which 16 project managers and system users, among eight Swedish organizations, are interviewed. The findings suggest that project managers use four channels of communication in their sensegiving: i) intranet/mail, ii) meetings, iii) education, and iv) superusers. It is also found that channels that enable social interaction contributes to more positive attitudes amongst system users. The sensemaking amongst system users is perceived to be affected by five aspects: i) generational affiliation, ii) understanding of change, iii) distance to change, iv) commitment, and v) change culture. The study adds to previous research by deepening the knowledge of how a social constructivist approach can be used to study ERP implementations.

Sammandrag Information flödar genom samtidens organisationer och behöver systematiskt kontrolleras. Genom att implementera Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, även kallat ERP-system, kan företag enklare samla upp, strukturera och utnyttja all denna flödande information i ett och samma informationssystem. Majoriteten av alla företag misslyckas dock att fullständigt integrera ERP-systemet med sina vardagliga rutiner. Tidigare forskning tyder på att den utbildning slutanvändarna får och ett kontinuerligt ifrågasättande av organisationens värderingar, även kallat double-loop learning (DLL), påverkar organisationens möjlighet till en fullständig integration. Genom en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie på olika företag inom detaljhandeln, alla användare av samma ERP-system, har denna studie undersökt vilken roll utbildningsfasen spelar för att DLL ska uppstå vid en ERP-implementation. Resultaten tyder på att den kunskap systemanvändarna förvärvar inom informella sammanhang i större utsträckning resulterar i DLL. Samtidigt har den formella utbildningens omfattning och djup fungerat som ett förutsättande fundament för informell utbildning. Framtida forskning skulle gynnas av att komplettera uppsatsens resultat via intervjustudie med observation som undersökningsmetod.

Master thesis is focused on how a change of Czech law affects functionality of information systems. Content of the work is describing a reactions of information systems suppliers to keep functionality with a current law. Thesis is focused on ERP systems especially SAP, Microsoft Dynamics and Helios. Defining of a new functionality is done by analyzing Value-added tax act, Electronic records of sales act and Accounting act. According to the change of accounting act we develop ad hoc application to keep duty defined by law.

A necessidade de gestão eficiente de recursos e informações criou nas empresas a demanda por investimentos cada vez maiores em tecnologia da informação e comunicação, buscando alcançarem vantagens competitivas sobre seus concorrentes de mercado. Nesse contexto surgiram os sistemas ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning - Sistemas Integrados de Gestão), caracterizados por oferecerem diversas funcionalidades capazes de dar suporte às operações do dia-a-dia das empresas e suas tomadas de decisão. Juntamente com os benefícios advindos desses sistemas, foram necessários elevados investimentos, tanto de tempo e dinheiro, como de recursos internos da empresa. Devido à esses contrapontos, alguns estudos procuraram discutir os benefícios gerados pela adoção dos sistemas ERP em relação aos custos envolvidos no seu processo de implantação. Tais estudos aplicaram diferentes formas de valor agregado por esses sistemas às empresas, encontrando também diferentes resultados. Nesse sentido, com o crescimento da importância dos sistemas ERP para as organizações e a cobrança, cada vez maior, por justificarem os investimentos feitos em projetos de implantação de um sistema ERP, faz-se necessário entender como as empresas avaliam o valor que esses sistemas lhes proporcionam. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caráter descritivo e exploratório, por meio do estudo múltiplo de casos com duas empresas, buscando identificar como avaliam o valor proporcionado pelo sistema ERP. Foram encontrados durante a análise dos resultados diversos dos benefícios já relatados na literatura, apesar de não se ter identificado em nenhuma das empresas um processo formal de avaliação dos mesmos. Muitos dos benefícios identificados não puderam ser atribuídos aos sistemas ERP devido à falta de um processo de avaliação do valor desses sistemas, visto que as empresas não procuraram avaliar a situação anterior e posterior a implantação do mesmo. Em complemento, constatou-se que as empresas não identificam corretamente o valor entregue pelo sistema ERP. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que a avaliação do valor dos sistemas ERP é um processo complexo, que exige da empresa um planejamento prévio para que possa identificar os benefícios e vantagens que espera obter do sistema, seu escopo de atuação e, que possa avaliar antes da decisão de adoção a adequação do sistema ERP à empresa e vice-versa. Em determinados casos, a subestimação do valor dos sistemas ERP ou a sua avaliação de maneira apenas informal, sem indicadores de desempenho pré-definidos, impede que a empresa realize todo o valor potencial do sistema.
The need of an efficient management of resources and information created in the companies the demand each time larger in information technology and communication searching to achieve competitive advantages over to its market competitors. On this context emerged the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, characterized for offer many features capable to give support to day-to-day companies operations and its decisions making. Along with the benefits provided from this systems were needed a high level of investment, both time and money as well as company intern resources. Due to this counterpoints some studies look to discuss the benefits generated for the ERP systems adoption in relation to the involved costs on its implementation process. These studies apply different evaluation forms for these systems to the enterprise finding also different results. On this way, with the grown of ERP systems importance to the organizations and the collection each time bigger to justify the investments made in projects and implementation of an ERP system, became necessary understand how the companies evaluate the value provided for this systems. For this, was realized a descriptive and exploratory study through multiple case study with two enterprises searching to identify how evaluate the value generated for the ERP system. It was found, during the result analysis, many benefits already related in the bibliography despise not identified in none company a formal process to evaluate these. Many of the identified benefits couldn´t be attributed to the ERP systems due to the lack of evaluate process of generated value once that companies doesn´t look to evaluate the before and after implementation moment situation. From the results, concludes that measure and evaluation of ERP system value is a complex process which demands from the company an previous planning which can be identified the benefits and advantages expected to obtain from the system, its acting focus and to evaluate before the adoption decision the adequacy of the system to the enterprise and contrariwise. In some cases the underestimated of ERP systems value or its only informal evaluate way, without performance indicators predefined, prevents the company to realize all its potential value from the system.

This thesis deals with the choice of ERP system from the perspective of companies engaged in the distribution of lighting signs. The theoretical part covers the concepts of ERP systems, current trends in ERP systems, different versions of these systems and the risks that may arise in this process. The practical part is focused on describing the distribution company, current ERP system that the company uses and the parameters that existing and new system have to comply. The primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate current ERP system offer on the market and to recommend the best suitable system for Dencop Lighting through decision matrix. For this part, methodology of analysis is used. The secondary aim is to asses risks that may arise in the process of changing ERP system.

Affärssystem skapar fördelar samt påverkar företags finansiella prestationer. Affärssystem är därför ett viktigt medel för företag vid deras ekonomistyrning. Trots detta visar tidigare studier att det finns problem med att realisera fördelarna. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på andra faser än post-implementationsfasen, den fas där fördelarna realiseras. Därtill varierar det i existerande utvärderingsmodeller av affärssystem vad som bör utvärderas samt en brist i förklaringen av varför företag bör utvärdera affärssystem i post-implementationsfasen. Dessa brister kan vara en anledning till att företag inte utvärderar sina affärssystem, då det är oklart vilka värden som utvärdering ger företag. Syftet med denna fallstudie är därför att empiriskt utforska vilka värden som utvärdering av affärssystem i post-implementationsfasen ger företag. Vi har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från fyra företag och med fyra affärssystemskonsulter. Studien visar att företag vid utvärdering bör se verksamhet och affärssystem som en entitet. Passformen mellan verksamhet och affärssystem måste vara stark för att företag ska erhålla önskade fördelar från affärssystemet. Vidare visar studien att det uppstår olika former av gap i verksamheter. Gap är de unika behov som företag behöver åtgärda för att nå önskad passform mellan affärssystem och verksamhet. Vår viktigaste slutsats är att företag får två värden av att utvärdera affärssystem i post-implementationsfasen, vilka är styrningsvärdet och förbättringsvärdet.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems creates benefits and affect corporate financial performance. ERP is therefore an important means for the financial management in companies. Despite this, previous studies show that there are problems realizing the benefits from ERP. Previous studies have mainly focused on phases other than the post-implementation phase, which is the phase where ERP benefits are realized. In addition to this, existing evaluation models of ERP varies in what should be evaluated and also lack in explanation of why companies should evaluate ERP in the post-implementation phase. These shortages may be a reason that companies do not evaluate their ERP since it is unclear which values companies obtain from evaluation. The purpose of this case study is to empirically explore what values companies obtain from evaluating ERP in the post-implementation phase. We conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives from four companies and with four ERP consultants. The study shows that when doing evaluations companies should view business and ERP as one entity. The fit between the business and the ERP must be strong for companies to obtain desired benefits from the ERP system. The study also shows that different forms of gaps emerge in businesses. Gaps are the unique needs that companies must address in order to achieve the desired fit between business and ERP. Our main conclusion is that companies obtain two values from evaluating ERP in the post-implementation phase, which are the governance value and the improvement value.

Trots att användarmedverkan är allmänt erkänd som en kritisk framgångsfaktor vid ERP-implementeringar ger litteraturen en begränsad insyn i huranvändarmedverkan kan samordnas och stödjas inom ERP-implementeringar.Användarmedverkan innebär att användarna är delaktiga vid aktiviteter somframtagning av kravspecifikation, testning av ERP-system och utbildning under ettimplementeringsprojekt. Om fel tillvägagångssätt används vid ERPimplementeringarkan det leda till att användarna uppmanas till att medverka meninte får möjlighet att påverka ett ERP-system. Anledningen till att användare intealltid får medverka kan bero på brist på tid samt resurser. Ifall användarna fårmöjlighet att påverka ökar både acceptans, engagemang och användningsnivån avERP-systemet. Användare måste förstå varför ett ERP-system implementeras ochvilka möjligheter som medföljer eftersom det är användarna som slutligen arbetar idet. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap kring hur användarmedverkan kangenomföras vid ERP-implementeringar och vilken påverkan användarna kan ha påERP-system. För att undersöka hur användare kan medverka vid ERPimplementeringarställdes frågan: “Hur kan användarmedverkan genomföras vid ERP-implementeringar?”Frågeställningen har studerats genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Respondenterna istudien kommer från olika företag där de har implementerat ett ERP-system underde senaste fem till åtta åren. Sammanlagt har sju intervjuer genomförts på fem olikaföretag. Resultatet mynnar ut i en beskrivning av hur en ledning kan samordna förbred involvering av användare samt en beskrivning av aktiviteter som användare kanmedverka i vid ERP-implementeringar för att möjliggöra användares engagemangoch påverkan på ERP-systemet.
Despite user participation being widely recognized as a critical success factor in ERP implementations, the literature provides a limited insight into how user participationcan be coordinated and supported in ERP-implementations. User participationimplies that users participate in activities such as preparation of specifications ofrequirements, testing of ERP-systems and training during the implementationproject. If the wrong methods are used in ERP-implementation it can cause the usersto be asked to participate but do not get the opportunity to influence the ERP-system.The reason why users do not always get to participate may be due to lack of time andresources. If users get the opportunity to influence it increases both acceptance,involvement and level of use of the ERP-system. Users must understand why an ERPsystemis implemented and the opportunities that comes with it because it is the userswho ultimately works in the ERP-system. The purpose of the study is to contributeknowledge about how user involvement is performed in ERP-implementations andthe influence that the users can have on ERP-system. In order to research how userscan participate in ERP implementations this studies question is:"How can user participation be performed in ERP implementations?"The issue has been studied by a qualitative interview study. Respondents in the studycome from different companies where they have implemented an ERP-system duringthe past five to eight years. A total of seven interviews were conducted in five differentcompanies. The result leads to a description of how management can coordinatebroad involvement of users and a description of activities that users can participatein ERP implementations to enable user engagement and influence.

Este trabalho, tendo como referência o conceito de descentralização e o seu entendimento na literatura político-organizacional recente, recupera os modelos de saúde no país e as mudanças que determinaram no Estado de São Paulo, a partir de 1985. Procura apreender as mudanças ocorridas na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, dos ERSA ao SUS, como conseqüência do processo de descentralização, tendo em vista a democratização do país. Esse entendimento refere-se às alterações da conjuntura das políticas sociais de saúde nacional e regional e do modelo de saúde - descentralizado, universal, equânime, regionalizado e integrado- gestado pelo movimento sanitário, que determinou novos arranjos organizacionais e novas práticas sociais. Analisa os fatores facilitadores e restritivos à implantação do SUDS-SP como um ponto de inflexão do Sistema de Saúde e o processo de municipalização, nos diversos momentos de mudança institucional, por que vem passando o setor nessas duas últimas décadas. Identifica as mudanças ocorridas como conseqüência do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS e aponta tendências e perspectivas da municipalização no Estado a partir de uma visão de intersetorialidade da saúde.
This work has as a theoretical reference the concept of decentralization and its understanding in recent organizational political literature. It recovers the health system models operating in Brazil and the changes determined in the public organizations Health Care, in the State of São Paulo since 1985 onward. It aims to understand the changes occurred in the State of São Paulo Secretariat of Health Care, including the structures of ERSA (Regional Unit) and SUS (National Health Sistem) as a decentralization process consequence, taking into account the country democratization context. This understanding is refered to the context changes of the social policies on Health Care concerning regional and national areas and the Health Care System model - descentralized, universal, equable, regionalized and integrated. This model was conceived by the so called \"Sanitary Movement\", which has set up new organizational patterns and new social practices. It analyzes the facilitating and restrictive factors of the SUDS-SP implementation as a turning point of the Health Care System as well as of the municipalization process. The analysis covers several moments of institutional change, which the sector has been undergoing in these two last decades. The analysis also identifies the changes happened since. the SUS implantation and points out trends and perspectives of municipalization in the State assuming a point of view of the inter sectorial relationships in the Health Care.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka framgångsfaktorer vid införandet av ERP-system i olika företag. Både kundernas och leverantörens syn på framgångsfaktorer vid införandet har klargjorts.

Min empiriska undersökning har utförts på fem olika företag och jag har intervjuat totalt fem personer som samtliga haft mycket centrala roller vid ERP-införandena. Vid intervjuerna har jag använt mig av kvalitativ ansats där informanterna har fått berätta relativt fritt om vad de uppfattat kunna påverka framgången med införandet av ERP-systemen. Jag analyserade det insamlade materialet med hjälp av empirinär kvalitativ bearbetning, i form av innehållsanalys.

Undersökningens resultat visar att kunderna och leverantören inte ser helt lika på vilka faktorer som bidrar till framgång. Det finns dock några tydliga samband mellan leverantörens och kundens syn på framgångsfaktorer. Samsyn ligger i att kunden ska göra en dokumenterad processmappning av verksamhetens före och efterläge vilket leder till att leverantörens arbete underlättas och implementeringen av systemet kommer igång snabbare. Vidare samsyn finns kring det faktum att kunden ska förbereda sig på den kommande förändringen genom att utbilda personalen i handhavandet av systemet samt ge personalen ökad förståelse kring förändringsproblematiken. Detta leder till större engagemang hos kunden och snabbare acceptans av systemet i företaget.

The purpose of this report has been to investigate successfactors when implementing ERP-systems in different companies. The opinion of both the supplier and the customer’s point of view about the successfactors has been explained.

The empiricalstudy has included five different companies and a total of five persons. I have used a qualitative approach during the different interviews. The material from the interviews was analysed with the qualitative method content analysis.

The study shows the supplier and the customers both have and have not the same opinion about which successfactors to consider when implementing. There are a few obvious connections between the supplier and the customer’s point of view. They agree about the importance of linking business processes and information to the system in the feasibility study. This will lead to an easier and more rapid implementation phase. They also agree about the importance of educating the personal, both in practical skills of the system and also information of the reactions of change in the organisation. This will lead to a greater engagement from the customer and quicker system acceptance.

Enterprice Resource Planning (ERP) är ett område inom IT som har utvecklats enormt de sista åren. Utvecklingen av IT har gjort att förutsättningen för att arbeta med ERP-system har ändrats från att ha varit bunden till att sitta vid sin arbetsplats i företagets lokaler till att i stort sett kunna sitta var som helst i världen och nå all nödvändig information som behövs. ERP-systemen erbjuder stöd för i stort sett alla processer i företaget och kan rätt använt effektivisera verksamheten avsevärt. Det finns dock ett område som fortfarande är relativt underutvecklat; stöd för ett effektivt miljöarbete.Hållbar utveckling är ett begrepp som myntades redan i slutet på 1980-talet då problemet att jordens resurser är begränsade uppmärksammades. På senare tid har arbete med hållbar utveckling kommit att bli en förutsättning för en organisations överlevnad. Det ställs höga krav på att företag ska rapportera sin påverkan och beskriva det miljöarbete som bedrivs för sina intressenter. Idag är detta arbete uppbyggt på att information hämtas från ett flertal olika system och parter. Det finns möjligheter att använda moduler i ERP-systemet som erbjuder visst stöd för miljöarbete, men medvetenheten om att det faktiskt finns en koppling mellan ERP-system och hållbart arbete är svag.Denna studie baseras på ett kvalitativt forskningsarbete med djupgående och grundliga intervjuer med tre kundföretag samt två större ERP-leverantörer. Den baseras även på en grundlig genomgång av befintlig teori i ämnet. I studien argumenteras för de möjligheter som finns för att kunna utveckla ett effektivt och användbart stöd för hållbarhetsarbete i ERP-system. Studien visar att bristen på standarder kring redovisning av miljöinformation och att företag sällan använder ERP-systemen i sin helhet är ett stort hinder. Även det faktum att större företag arbetar som isolerade öar utan att samarbeta för att kunna utforma krav för hur de vill att ERP-systemet ska stödja miljöarbetet är ett problem i sammanhanget. Studiens resultat visar att stödet för hållbarhetsarbete i ERP-system måste byggas in i systemet för att bli en naturlig del av arbetet. Även automatisering av informationsflödet och anpassningar av redan befintliga branschlösningar är viktiga komponenter för en effektiv utveckling av stöd för hållbarhetsarbete.
Program: Dataekonomutbildningen

The diploma thesis called The selection and deployment software for production planning and control, to clear up the basic principles associated with the company’s information and control systems and with the company‘s processes viewed from the point of production. The diploma thesis deals with the theoretical description of the ERP systems and the principal planning and production methods. In the practical part the implementation of the new controlling ERP system at the PBS company is described.

We are living at times, when information became one of the most – if not the most – required “product”. All the companies which want to survive, be productive and effective on the market sooner or later understand the value of information systems. In the near past a well configured and stable IS was an advantage, this is not the case nowadays. The competition is ruthless and managers realized that specialized information systems are needed to stay in the game. Because of these systems covers the complete company’s business they are extremely complex and without appropriate support they would be almost completely useless. The main objective of this thesis is to provide detailed information about the support of ERP systems and services provided after successful implementation.

The submitted diploma thesis talks about evolutionary stage of classical CRM solution called Social CRM (also known as CRM 2.0 or SCRM). The goal of this work is to map a current offer at the market with SCRM and to compare it with the demand of Czech companies. The theoretical part explains all the basic terms associated with the topic, a short history and current evolution on the market. The work also identifies summary of various groups of Social CRM tools, which are currently widely used and tries to outline their functions. The main part of the study is the practical section which contains two kinds of surveys. First is devoted to Social CRM in terms of current and potential users of social networks for small and medium-sized enterprises in Czech Republic. The goal of the second survey is to discover the current situation and future evolution of Social CRM among suppliers of ERP solu-tions. Results from these two surveys are presented and widely discussed.

In modern society, organizations are fighting each other through various means and tools in an ever-changing market at an increasing pace. One such tool is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System which aims to collect the necessary applications an organization need into one system. Although the ERP solution has become more mature over the years, researchers suggest that value gained from them have become progressively difficult to iso-late, difficult to measure and challenging to realize. It was therefore in the interest of the authors to investigate the domain of value realization in ERP projects. To complete such a study we selected an inductive approach, focusing on acquiring and us-ing qualitative data and through the practice of behavioral science and design science con-tribute to existing theories. By studying existing theories and models in topics such as change management, enterprise resource planning & critical success factors and benefit management, we supported our primary data gathering and finally our the creation of our artifact. The result from this study points to a number of important components that are needed to realize value in an ERP project. These identified components include a clear structure in the project, commitment from the clients, and communication to name a few. There were also challenges with realizing value, some of them dealing with change man-agement and the difficulty in finding appropriate measures. Even client commitment proved to be a challenge for realizing value.

Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
O investimento das empresas na formação dos seus trabalhadores tem sido cada vez maior com o objetivo de aumentar a vantagem competitiva no mercado. A necessidade de o capital humano estar atualizado e informado leva a que exista uma maior partilhar do conhecimento entre os colaboradores da empresa de forma a aumentar a sua produtividade no trabalho e prestar melhores serviços aos clientes. Neste sentido, as organizações que prestam serviços de formação deparam-se com a dificuldade de motivar e cativar os formandos nas formações em formato presencial bem como em e-learning. Com o presente projeto pretende-se encontrar uma solução para o problema identificado que passa pela utilização de gamificação como meio de envolver e incentivar os formandos a concluir as formações e alcançar melhores resultados. De forma a atingir este objetivo, são apresentadas as características de um sistema gamificado e uma framework para a implementação. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um protótipo gamificado e testada a sua aplicabilidade à formação certificada em e-learning. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a utilização de componentes de gamificação nas formações influencia positivamente a motivação e o envolvimento dos formandos.
Nowadays, companies continuously increase the amount of money they spend on employee development, with the purpose of boosting their competitive advantage in the market. Workforce is being demanded to obtain industry relevant know-how as well as awareness to be able to adapt to changing legal requirements, which require companies to transfer vital knowledge to their employees in order to expand on the job productivity and offer higher quality services. Therefore, organizations that provide employee development services come across with difficulty in motivating and winning employees both in person and in e-learning environments. The goal of this project is to identify the solution to above raised issue, which results in using gamification as a mean of involving and incentivizing employees to finish the development program and achieve best results. In order to attain this objective, characteristics of a gamification system as well as implementation framework are presented. Furthermore, a prototype was developed and the suitability was tested in certified e-learning setting. The results highlight the positive influence of various gamification components on student involvement and motivation.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Enterprise Resource Management (ERP) software is used by organizations to control accounting, manufacturing and customer processes. It is common practice that organizations use more than a singular ERP system and various modules from multiple ERP vendors in their business. Hence, there is a need to integrate systems and find technical solutions that allow the EPRs to communicate. This thesis presents the development of a Generic Integration Layer (GIL) that allows various available ERP systems to exchange data. The goal was to design and develop a module that could integrate different ERP modules, fill the data communication gaps among them, with the goal to minimize the need to use several commercial product for data integration purposes. The developed GIL allows flexible import from different file formats as well as provides verification and updates in a database management server. Moreover, it transforms data into a generic format based on XML that can be read by many modern ERPs.
Master Thesis
Development of a Generic Integration Layer for an ERP system

Šiame darbe bus išanalizuoti pagrindiniai verslo valdymo sistemų diegimo modeliai ir apibendrintos jų charakteristikos. Darbo tikslas - apibendrinti esamus verslo valdymo sistemų diegimo modelius, tam kad jų diegimas taptų paprastesnis ir būtų sumažinta nesėkmingo adaptavimo rizika. Taip pat reikalinga pasiūlyti verslo valdymo sistemų diegimo metodiką, kurią būtų galima pritaikyti diegiant tokias sistemas. Diegiant ERP sistemas dažnai susiduriama su įvairiomis diegimo problemomis ir sunkumais. Pagrindinė jų - neteisingas sistemos integravimas ir adaptavimas prie konkretaus vartotojo poreikių, todėl reikalinga metodika padedanti šį procesą įvykdyti sklandžiai ir nepriekaištingai.
In this job the methods of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation and problems associated with a particular case of their adjustment are analyzed. The characteristics of these methods are summarized here. The most usable methods of Enterprise Resource Panning implementation are described here. The purpose of this job is to offer the optimum implementation method of Enterprise Resource Planning systems. Also it is necessary to generalize the main existing ERP implementation methods thereto its installation will be simpler and unfortunate adaptation risk will be reducing to the minimum.