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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "ERTMS/ETCS"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 6 de julio de 2021

Última modificación: 29 de julio de 2025

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1

Самсонкін, Валерій Миколайович, Оксана Григорівна Юрченко та Сергій Юрійович Круглик. "Впровадження системи ERTMS/ETCS в умовах залізниць України". Інформаційно-керуючі системи на залізничному транспорті 27, № 4 (2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/ikszt.v27i4.271399.

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В роботі проаналізовано основні параметри системи управління та забезпечення безпеки руху поїздів ERTMS/ETCS. Обґрунтовано впровадження та використання другого рівня системи ETCS для умов магістрального залізничного транспорту України залежно від поточного технічного оснащення дільниць та цільового призначення. Запропоновано варіант проєктування системи ERTMS в умовах АТ «Укрзалізниця» щодо розміщення системи ETCS на ділянці Клесів-Страшів Львівської залізниці.

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2

FLAMMINI, FRANCESCO, STEFANO MARRONE, MAURO IACONO, NICOLA MAZZOCCA, and VALERIA VITTORINI. "A MULTIFORMALISM MODULAR APPROACH TO ERTMS/ETCS FAILURE MODELING." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 21, no. 01 (2014): 1450001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539314500016.

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European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System (ERTMS/ETCS) is a recent standard aimed at improving performance, safety and inter-operability of modern railways. In order to be compliant to ERTMS/ETCS, a railway signalling system must meet strict nonfunctional requirements on system level failure modes. In this paper, a multiformalism model is employed to perform an availability analysis of an ERTMS/ETCS reference architecture at early phases of its development cycle. At this aim, a bottom-up analysis is performed from subsystem failure models (expressed by means of G

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3

Kochan, Andrzej, Emilia Koper, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Łukasz Gruba. "Transitions in ERTMS/ETCS system." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4575.

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The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a descr

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4

Gruba, Łukasz, Andrzej Kochan, Emilia Koper, and Przemysław Ilczuk. "Nomenclature of modes of the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment in conditions of the polish railway network." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4568.

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This article refers to the nomenclature of modes of ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment. The article presents descriptions of modes, the naming of specific modes used in Polish literature and the proposal of Polish naming of each of them. Moreover, article draws attention to the need of unifying the nomenclature and propagation of knowledge about the modes of the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment.

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5

Gradowski, Paweł, and Magdalena Kycko. "Influence of the new investment task implementation on the certificated control-command and signaling subsystem." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 129 (June 1, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3086.

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In the era of the dynamic development of rail transport caused by the implementation of many railway projects, some problems related to the implementation of railway investments are beginning to be noticed, which refer to obtaining a permit for placing in service of structural subsystems. Most of the investments are co-financed from EU funds, and their main goal is to increase speed on railway lines with the same or improved safety level. In addition to the modernization of railway lines with accompanying infrastructure, devices and power grids or railway traffic control devices, railway lines

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6

Jasiński, Sławomir, Mariusz Maciejewski, Paweł Wontorski, and Wawrzyniec Wychowanski. "rmRailProtector 4.0 – the innovative Rail-Mil components based family for the ERTMS/ETCS L1 functionality." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2019, no. 9 (2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_09_05.

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The article presents a family of innovative products rmRailProtector 4.0, which are a comprehensive solution for the ERTMS / ETCS functionality on L1 level. The presented system was developed in Poland using Polish technical thought and the potential and many years of experience of Rail-Mil in the design, production, implementation and operation of train traffic control systems. The rmRailProtector 4.0 system thanks to cooperation with the experts of KOMBUD S.A. Automation Group as a comprehensive solution, it is adapted to work with the MOR-3 – multi-computer interlocking system used to contr

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7

Adamski, Dominik, and Krzysztof Ortel. "Verification of proper integration between onboard ERTMS/ETCS system with polish railway infrastructure." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (2018): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.088.

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Paper discussed the issues of achieving mutual compatibilyty between Control-Command and Signalling On-board and Trackside Subsystems. Particular attention was paid to tests perfomed for ERTMS/ETCS onboard units.

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8

Тиверовский, Владимир Изекильевич. "ЖЕЛЕЗНЫЕ ДОРОГИ СТРАН ЕВРОПЫ НА ПУТИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ И СОЗДАНИЯ МОБИЛЬНОЙ СВЯЗИ 5G". Транспорт: Наука, техника, управление, № 2 (1 лютого 2024): 18–23. https://doi.org/10.36535/0236-1914-2024-02-3.

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Железные дороги стран Европы реализуют концепцию цифровизации, автоматизации и создания новой системы мобильной радиосвязи 5G. Эта работа в разных странах происходит с разной степенью интенсивности, поэтому разные страны находятся на разных уровнях цифровизации. Общая тенденция - внедрение Европейских систем ETCS и ERTMS. Выполняются работы, связанные с созданием новой системы мобильной радиосвязи FRMCS, которая призвана заменить мобильную связь стандарта GSM-R. European railways are implementing the concept of digitalization, automation and creation of a new 5G mobile wireless communication s

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9

Тиверовский, Владимир Изекильевич. "ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ И АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ НА ЖЕЛЕЗНЫХ ДОРОГАХ СТРАН ЕВРОПЫ". Транспорт: Наука, техника, управление, № 8 (1 серпня 2024): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.36535/0236-1914-2024-08-5.

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Рассматриваются основные направления цифровизации и автоматизации на зарубежных железных дорогах с учетом концепции 4-й промышленной революции, электромобильности и защиты климата (по состоянию на 2023 г.). Большое внимание уделяется внедрению Европейской системы управления поездом и Европейской системы управления железнодорожным движением (ETCS, ERTMS). Сообщается об определенных результатах в создании системы автоматического управления поездом (ATO). Отмечена важность развития и совершенствования инфраструктуры железных дорог. The main trends of digitalization and automatic control on overse

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10

Nachtigall, Petr, and Jan Ouředníček. "Wider aspects of deceleration supervision in ERTMS/ETCS." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500010.

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The paper concerns basic information about implementation of the ETCS system in the Czech Republic especially its influence on the railway operation. Also facts about the principles of the automatic train protection system with the full speed supervision are described as well as the specifics of the speed monitoring experiences. In the next chapter are some principles of the braking curves calculation.

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11

Biagi, Marco, Laura Carnevali, Marco Paolieri, and Enrico Vicario. "Performability evaluation of the ERTMS/ETCS – Level 3." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 82 (September 2017): 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.07.002.

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12

Adamski, Dominik, and Łukasz Zawadka. "Selected research capabilities of the Railway Research Institute Test Track Center in Żmigród on the example of Eurobalise." Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 3, no. 1 (2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2021.001.

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The article describes trackside part of the ERTMS / ETCS system installed on Railway Research Institute Test Track Centre in Żmigród where functional tests of ?trackside Control-Command and Signalling" interoperability constituent prototypes i.e. eurobalises were conducted based on the elaborated test schedule and the conditions contained in the specifications of Susbset 040 and Subset 036. Moreover structure of an exemplary telegram sent from the eurobalise to the traction vehicle through the air gap i.e. interface A1 was shown. Selected requirements for timing and distance parameters that eu

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13

Sumiła, Marek. "Disturbance of Trains Movement under the ERTMS Control System." Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 5, no. 2 (2023): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2023.008.

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The article presents a discussion leading to the identification the possible causes of disturbances in train movements under the supervision of the European Rail Traffic Management System ERTMS. As a consequence of detected events, unintentional initiation of a train braking procedure occurs despite the absence of objective reasons for such behaviour. In essence, the paper presents the ERTMS as a real-time system based on the two subsystems ETCS and GSM-R. Each of these subsystems includes a vehicle part and an infrastructure part. The article starts by identifying general considerations that

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14

Тиверовский, Владимир Изекильевич. "NEW STAGE OF DIGITALIZATION ON OVERSEAS RAILWAYS." Транспорт: Наука, техника, управление, no. 8 (July 2, 2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0236-1914-2023-08-2.

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Представлен зарубежный опыт цифровизации железных дорог на современном этапе. Цифровизация сочетается с автоматизацией, внедрением новых IT-технологий и применением новой техники. Большое внимание уделено вопросам кибер-безопасности. В частности, отмечен опыт Германии, где действует федеральная программа цифровизации. Приведены данные об успешном тестировании маневрового локомотива с автономным управлением без участия машиниста. Отмечены некоторые особенности внедрения Европейской системы управления поездом (ETCS) и Европейской системы управления движения поездов (ERTMS). The foreign experienc

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15

Irlik, Maciej. "Passage control for ERTMS/ETCS level 2 implementation on railway lines with mix traffic." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 123 (December 1, 2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7351.

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Currently the ERTMS/ETCS level 2 system is implemented on the polish railway lines. On all railway lines where this system is implemented (or will be implemented in near future) there is a mix traffic. It means that both equipped and unequipped with ETCS system trains shall be considered from command and control system point of view. This article presents issue related to the function of passage control in the system and its proper design for fulfill availability and safety requirements for mix traffic signaling.

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16

Knutsen, Daniel, Nils O. E. Olsson, Jiali Fu, and Tomas Rosberg. "Capacity evaluation of ERTMS/ETCS HTD and moving block." Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 33 (March 2025): 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100506.

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17

Zawadka, Łukasz, and Dominik Adamski. "Selected Aspects of Control-Command and Signalling On-Board Subsystem Verification." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 187 (2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1877e.

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This article describes the procedures, standard parameters and control requirements to be performed in order to achieve EC verification of a Control-Command and Signalling On-board Subsystem. An analysis of issues related to the assessment of the on-board subsystem is presented in terms of the necessary checks that must be performed by a notified body and the issues of interoperability tests of the on-board ERTMS with track-side infrastructure. Providing railway interoperability is strictly related to the introduction of unified rules for the assessment and verification of the ETCS and GSM-R s

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18

Ulatowski, Bartłomiej, Zbigniew Łukasik, and Alfred Kurkowski. "Types of operating data in Rail Traffic Control Systems." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (2018): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.480.

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This article discusses the issues of operating data in national and European Rail Traffic Control systems, i.e. in the ERTMS / ETCS and SRK systems. The article presents the possibilities and limitations of ERTMS systems. General principles of system implementation are also given, as well as specific functional levels of the Rail Traffic Control System are presented. The article describes and presents operational data related directly to the railway systems, which are based on the standard described in document E-1758. The article draws attention to the complexity of Rail Traffic Control proce

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19

Ghazel, Mohamed. "Formalizing a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications for verification purposes." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 42 (May 2014): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2014.02.002.

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20

Di Meo, Carlo, Marco Di Vaio, Francesco Flammini, Roberto Nardone, Stefania Santini, and Valeria Vittorini. "ERTMS/ETCS Virtual Coupling: Proof of Concept and Numerical Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, no. 6 (2020): 2545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2920290.

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Arcaini, Paolo, Jan Kofroň, and Pavel Ježek. "Validation of the Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 using Spin." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22, no. 3 (2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-019-00539-x.

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Cunha, Alcino, and Nuno Macedo. "Validating the Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 concept with Electrum." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22, no. 3 (2019): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-019-00540-4.

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23

Adamski, Dominik, and Łukasz Zawadka. "Integration Tests of ETCS On-board Subsystems Based on the Requirements of the Technical Specifications for Interoperability of the ‘Control-Command and Signalling’ Subsystem." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 65, no. 193 (2021): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1931e.

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Achieving the interoperability of the European rail system in each Member State requires many measures to standardise the adopted technical solutions and relevant regulations. However, it is likely that there may be some incompatibilities between individual subsystems, even if these subsystems are designed in accordance with standardised requirements. Interoperable rolling stock may be unable to move freely over an interoperable railway line due to some incompatibilities and differences in the versions of the installed firmware in the ETCS system devices. The article discusses the compliance t

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Wink, Christopher, and Nils Nießen. "Determining the Optimal Positions of Infill Balise Groups for ERTMS/ETCS Level 1 Applications." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188165.

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This paper presents a method to determine the optimal positions of infill balise groups for applications of European Train Control System (ETCS) level 1. ETCS will be the only train protection system in the European Union of the future. Level 1 specifically enables a less complex system while retaining full compatibility to and interoperability of ETCS level 2. In level 1, the Movement Authority (MA), which contains information on how far and at what speed the train is authorized to run, is transmitted at fixed locations where switchable radio beacons—infill balise groups—are placed. Due to te

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Тиверовский, Владимир Изекильевич. "RAILWAYS OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ON THE WAY TO DIGITALIZATION AND AUTOMATION." Транспорт: Наука, техника, управление, no. 5 (July 2, 2024): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0236-1914-2023-05-5.

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Цифровизация и автоматизация железных дорог в странах Европы рассматривается как генеральное направление развития железнодорожного транспорта. Приведены данные о состоянии цифровизации и автоматизации в Германии и других странах. Отмечена важность внедрения Европейской системы управления поездом (ETCS), Европейской системы управления и обеспечения безопасности движения поездов на сети железных дорог (ERTMS) и системы автоматического управления поездом (ATO). Отмечена возможность внедрения указанных систем по уровням, указанным в Технической спецификации. Отдельно рассматривается перспектива со

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POGORZELSKA-SZCZEŚNIAK, Aneta, Andrzej KOCHAN, Maciej IRLIK, Piotr KOSTRZEWA, Michał DUBOWSKI, and Piotr FOLĘGA. "SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF OPERATING TRAIN TRAFFIC UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE ERTMS/ETCS L2 SYSTEM ON HIGH-SPEED LINES BASED ON SIMULATION STUDIES." Transport Problems 20, no. 1 (2025): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2025.20.1.02.

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High-speed railway lines require the establishment of separate rules and regulations for the design and operation of traffic relative to conventional lines. These lines require the use of advanced train protection systems, such as the ERTMS/ETCS Level 2. The functionality, configuration and design capabilities of the indicated system provide opportunities for its development, including its adaptation and performance improvements. The configuration parameters are variables defined for both on-board and trackside equipment and design rules. This article presents the results of simulation studies

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Schulz-klingner, Axel, Graband, and Gmbh Partner. "The New Harmonised Train Management and Train Control System ERTMS/ETCS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 9 (2000): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)38174-0.

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Doppelbauer, J., D. Rhein, Ch Angelov, and M. Hartberger. "Einführung des neuen Zugsicherungssystems ERTMS/ETCS aus der Sicht eines Herstellers." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 117, no. 3 (2000): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03158981.

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Knutsen, Daniel, Nils O. E. Olsson, and Jiali Fu. "Capacity evaluation of ERTMS/ETCS hybrid level 3 using simulation methods." Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 30 (June 2024): 100444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2024.100444.

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Клюєв, С. О. "Забезпечення безпеки залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації". ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, № 5(261) (26 жовтня 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-261-5-14-18.

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У статті розглянуто стан та перспективи безпеки залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації. Визначено, що функціонування програми з безпеки залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації базується на наступних технологіях та стандартах: ERTMS, ETCS, GSM-R, GoA, ATO, ATP, ATC, ВІМ Rail, CBTC, TMS. Аналіз стану та перспективи безпеки залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації встановив необхідність застосування штучного інтелекту. Зазначено, що безпека залізничного транспорту зумовлена спільною взаємодією багатьох технологій, які привели до створення концепцій «Індустрія 4.0» і «Індустріаль

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Kochan, Andrzej, Wiktor B. Daszczuk, Waldemar Grabski, and Juliusz Karolak. "Formal Verification of the European Train Control System (ETCS) for Better Energy Efficiency Using a Timed and Asynchronous Model." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083602.

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The ERTMS/ETCS is the newest automatic train protection system. This is a system that supports the driver in driving the train. It is currently being implemented throughout the European Union. This system’s latest specifications also provide additional functions to increase the energy efficiency of train driving in the form of ATO (automatic train operation). These functions of the ETCS will be valuable, provided they operate without failure. To achieve errorless configuration of the ETCS, a methodology for automatic system verification using the IMDS (Integrated Model of Distributed Systems)

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Domański, Mateusz, and Maciej Puchała. "Innowacyjne systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym na sieci PKP cz. I." Zarządzanie Innowacyjne w Gospodarce i Biznesie 34, no. 1 (2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5129.34/2022_06mdmp.

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W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane nowoczesne systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym stosowane na sieci PKP. Zaprezentowano także z czym się wiąże „Techniczna Specyfikacja Interoperacyjności” (TSI) oraz w jakim zakresie dotyczy zagadnienia sterowania ruchem kolejowym. Zaprezentowano podstawowe różnice w zakresie poziomów systemu ERTMS/ETCS oraz zagadnienia dotyczące bezpieczeństwa. Zastosowanie nowoczesnych urządzeń sterowania ruchem kolejowy jest podsumowanie rozwoju kolei pod kątem technicznym i organizacyjnym mającym na celu poprawę poziomu bezpieczeństwa na sieci kolejowej oraz zapewnienie int

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Durmuş, Mustafa S., Ugur Yildirim, and Mehmet T. Söylemez. "Interlocking System Design for ERTMS / ETCS: An Approach with Batches Petri Nets." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 29 (2012): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20121003-3-mx-4033.00021.

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34

Guerrieri, Marco, and Giuseppe Parla. "Automated Railway Signs Detection. Preliminary Results." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 20, no. 1 (2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0002.

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Abstract Nowadays safety in railways is mostly achieved by automated system technologies such as ERTMS/ETCS. Nevertheless, on local railways (suburban and regional lines) several tasks still depend on the choices and actions of a human crew. With the aim to improve safety in such type of railways, this research proposes a system for the automatic detection and recognition of railway signs by means of the digital image processing technique. First field applications, carried out on the Italian railway network, show that the proposed system is very accurate (the percentage of correctly detected r

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35

Jacyna, Marianna, Andrzej Toruń, and Dobromir Jasiński. "Comparative analysis of the functionality of centralized and distributed LEU." Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering 4, no. 2 (2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/jaeee.2022.007.

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This article addresses the centralized LEU (Lineside Electronic Unit) encoder used in ERTMS/ETCS Level 1 (European Rail Traffic Management System / European Train Control System). It is explained what a centralized LEU encoder is and why this solution offers more possibilities than a distributed approach. Also explained the general principle of the encoder and how it works with switchable Eurobalise. The paper also juxtaposes how it works with and connects to the interlocking system in both the distributed and centralized approaches. The differences between the centralized and decentralized LE

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36

Adamski, Dominik, Andrzej Białoń, and Zwadka Łukasz. "Selected aspects of proper integration between ERTMS/ETCS on-board and trackside devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929405008.

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Achieving the interoperability of the European rail system requires many measures to unify technical solutions as well as regulations in each Member State. However, there is a possibility of some incompatibilities between individual subsystems despite generating them in accordance with unified applicable requirements. It is possible that the interoperable rolling stock will not be able to move freely over the interoperable railway line due to some incompatibilities and differences in the versions of the installed firmware in the ERTMS/ETCS system devices. In connection with the above the corre

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37

Nardone, Roberto, Stefano Marrone, Ugo Gentile, et al. "An OSLC-based environment for system-level functional testing of ERTMS/ETCS controllers." Journal of Systems and Software 161 (March 2020): 110478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.110478.

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38

Mammar, Amel, Marc Frappier, Steve Jeffrey Tueno Fotso, and Régine Laleau. "A formal refinement-based analysis of the hybrid ERTMS/ETCS level 3 standard." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22, no. 3 (2019): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-019-00543-1.

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39

Shim, Kyu-Don, and Jong-Woo Lee. "A Study of RAMS Analysis and Assessment Activities for Automatic Train Protection System based on ERTMS/ETCS Level 1." Journal of the Korean society for railway 14, no. 2 (2011): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2011.14.2.121.

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40

Ilczuk, Przemysław, Agnieszka Zaczek, and Magdalena Kycko. "Analysis of the possibility of implementing interoperability tests on Polish railways." Archives of Transport 60, no. 4 (2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5503.

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Ensuring the greatest possible interoperability of rail transport, especially for railways in Europe, is one of the key projects to be implemented using the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), including the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R). The ERTMS system aims to replace many different rail traffic control systems with one, common and unified European solution (Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/919, 2016), (Directive (EU) 2016/797, n.d.). Its creation was dictated by the desire to standardize the traffic control

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41

Karolak, Juliusz. "Interface and connection model in the railway traffic control system." Archives of Transport 58, no. 2 (2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9086.

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The article presents a model of connection of ETCS application and classical base layer equipment. The model distinguishes three layers: physical, logic and data, which require different modelling techniques and at the same time must be consistent. The model will form the basis for the digital mapping in the Digital Twin of the ETCS application. Layer division is a natural way to represent the structure of a device and its operating rules. It allows a detailed and structured representation of the interfaces of a connection and then an analysis of the connection both with respect to the layer o

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42

Kochan, Andrzej. "Digital Twin of the ECTS application." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 131 (December 1, 2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8199.

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This paper presents the concept of a digital twin for the ETCS application. The ERTMS system is a technical solution aimed at ensuring interoperability of the railway system in the field of signalling within the European Union. It is also an important factor in the digitisation and automation of railways. Due to its complexity, it needs solutions to support its activities in all phases of the life cycle, in particular design, implementation, maintenance and operation. A digital twin is a virtual representation of a real system. According to many definitions, this mapping should be as close to

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43

Tueno Fotso, Steve Jeffrey, Marc Frappier, Régine Laleau, and Amel Mammar. "Modeling the hybrid ERTMS/ETCS level 3 standard using a formal requirements engineering approach." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22, no. 3 (2019): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-019-00542-2.

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44

Dyduch, Janusz, and Mieczysław Kornaszewski. "New systems in management of railway traffic in Poland." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 10 (2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_10_06.

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The new computer's solutions and microprocessor technology, microcomputers and the programmable controllers (PLC) for management of train traffic, which are implemented, contribute to the creation of modern rail traffic control systems. These systems provide high reliability, low power consumption, stability and safety of the trains' movement. One of the most important things for the boards of railway European countries is unification the systems of rail transport, in particular unification the signaling systems and control of the rail traffic. A good solution is as soon as possible implementa

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45

Lewiński, Andrzej. "The safety of railway transport systems – the historical and actual study." Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 2025, no. 7 (2025): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.24136/tren.2025.003.

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The paper presents the evolution of safety concept assigned to railway transport with respect to management and control of trains. The first step was introduction of electrical systems based on fail-safe relay interlocking. The next stage is electronic, computer systems with decision part based on implementation of correct algorithms related to EU standards. The main rule of safety control and management corresponds to Tolerable Hazard Rate (THR). The next stage was introducing to the railway interlocking and management systems the open radio transmission such Internet, GPS or GSM (version GSM

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46

Korde, Nikhil, and Dinesh Rojatkar. "A Survey on Transferring Standards of GSM-R in Railway Sector." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 1 (2017): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.511717.

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GSM-Railways (GSM-R), which is evolutionary railway mobile communication technology, are gradually replacing analogue radio systems. Although GSM-R is an impossible achievement in terms of European railway interoperability, from a telecommunication point of view, it is successive technology. This study present the transfer of a telecommunication standard to another railways and it studies whether the adoption of an upgraded version of the GSM standard (GSM‐R) turned out to be an efficient choice. The transfer and deployment of GSM‐R is technically importance to the success of another European

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47

Filip, Aleš, Salvatore Sabina, and Francesco Rispoli. "A framework for certification of train location determination system based on gnss for ertms/etcs." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration 2, no. 3 (2017): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/tdi-v2-n3-284-297.

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48

Ghazel, Mohamed. "A Control Scheme for Automatic Level Crossings Under the ERTMS/ETCS Level 2/3 Operation." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 18, no. 10 (2017): 2667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2017.2657695.

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49

Butler, Michael, Thai Son Hoang, Alexander Raschke, and Klaus Reichl. "Introduction to special section on the ABZ 2018 case study: Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22, no. 3 (2020): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00562-3.

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50

Gradowski, Paweł. "Spełnienie wymagań zasadniczych podsystemu sterowanie – urządzenia przytorowe na infrastrukturze kolejowej terminali przeładunkowych." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 66, no. 194 (2022): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1942p.

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Głównym celem realizacji wielu inwestycji kolejowych jest podniesienie efektywności systemu kolejowego, co w konsekwencji ułatwi integrację w konkurencyjnym rynku transportowym. Zwiększenie integracji sektora transportowego jest jednym z podstawowych elementów urzeczywistnienia rynku wewnętrznego i kolej stanowi istotną część sektora transportu, który zmierza w kierunku mobilności zgodnej z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju. Modernizowane linie kolejowe, wpisujące się w transeuropejską sieć transportową (TEN-T) lub korytarze europejskiego systemu zarządzania ruchem kolejowym (ERTMS), również sta

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