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1
Hornbrinck, Johannes y Jonas Olausson. "Foreign Direct Investments in Europe : Testing European Union membership as a Determinant for FDI". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93606.
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Fischer, Manfred M., Nico Pintar y Benedikt Sargant. "Austrian Outbound Foreign Direct Investment in Europe: A spatial econometric study". The Romanian Regional Science Association, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5118/1/V1011.MMFischer.pdf.
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This paper focuses on Austrian outbound foreign direct investment (FDI, measured by sales of Austrian affiliates abroad) in Europe over the period 2009-2013, using a spatial Durbin panel data model specification with fixed effects, and a spatial weight matrix based on the first-order contiguity relationship of the countries and normalised by its largest eigenvalue. Third-country effects essentially enter the empirical analysis in two major ways: first, by the endogenous spatial lag on FDI (measured by FDI into markets nearby the host country), and, second, by including an exogenous market potential variable that measures the size of markets nearby the FDI host country in terms of gross domestic product. The question whether the empirical result is compatible with horizontal, vertical, export-platform or complex vertical FDI then depends on the sign and significance levels of both the coefficient of the spatial lag on FDI and the direct impact estimate of the market potential variable.
The paper yields robust results that provide significant empirical evidence for horizontal FDI as the main driver of Austrian outbound FDI in Europe. This result is strengthened by the indirect impact estimate of the mark
et potential variable indicating that spatial spillovers do not matter. (authors' abstract)
3
Kerr, Jonathan Austin. "Foreign direct investment in Eastern Europe: applying traditional models of FDI to the transitional countries of Eastern Europe". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342807289.
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Orasanu, Alina Simona. "Macro-level determinants of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ43194.pdf.
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Arnautovic, Aida y Elin Erixon. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : Swedish Flows of FDI into Eastern and Western Europe". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10671.
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This thesis investigates the determinants of Swedish foreign direct investments to 24 European countries during the period 1998 to 2008 with 2000 and 2008 as sample years. The thesis emphasizes five factors that affect the Swedish FDI flows to these countries, which are grouped into OECD countries and CEE countries (Central and Eastern European Countries). The explanatory variables studied are economic growth, property rights, labor cost and two dummy variables with one targeting whether the country is culturally affiliated with Sweden and the other is dealing with whether that country is an OECD country or not. We use multiple regressions to find out to what extent each of these variables can explain the variance of FDI during the years 2000 and 2008.
The coefficient estimates show the expected sign in the relationship between FDI and the various explanatory variables, with the exception of labor cost but only OECD membership shows a significant relationship to FDI (and only when using 2000 data).
6
Di, Mauro Francesca A. "Essays on foreign direct investment and economic integration: a gravity approach". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211356.
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Meyer, Klaus Friedrich Ekkehard. "Determinants of direct foreign investment in transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe". Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246085.
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Jude, Cristina. "Investissement direct étranger, transfert de technologie et croissance économique en Europe Centrale et Orientale". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0510/document.
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A l’issue de la transition économique et dans le contexte de rattrapage au sein de l’Union Européenne, cette thèse étudie le transfert de technologie associé aux investissements directs étrangers (IDE) en Europe Centrale et Orientale. Les externalités technologiques sont considérées comme la contribution principale des IDE au développement économique des pays d’accueil. La première partie de ce travail analyse le mécanisme microéconomique du transfert de technologie. Après avoir évalué le potentiel de transfert à travers l’excédent de productivité et l’intensité des échanges intersectoriels, nous analysons l’effet des externalités sur la productivité des entreprises locales. Nous construisons ainsi plusieurs mesures d’externalités horizontales et verticales, en accordant une toute attention particulière à la position des entreprises dans la filière. Enfin, nous nous intéressons au rôle de la capacité d'absorption locale et du décalage technologique dans la capture de ces externalités. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse nous menons une analyse macroéconomique centrée autour de deux directions : la relation entre les IDE et l’investissement local, ainsi que l’impact agrégé des IDE sur la croissance. Tout d’abord, nous partons de l’hypothèse de destruction créatrice entre les IDE et l’investissement local, puis nous analysons cette problématique dans la perspective des différents types d’IDE. Nous séparons également le mécanisme d’interaction entre les filiales et les entreprises locales selon le marché réel et le marché financier. Ensuite, nous évaluons la contribution des externalités agrégées au progrès technique, ce qui nous permet d’illustrer l’impact global des IDE sur la croissance économique. Enfin, nous considérons la relation IDE-croissance dans une double perspective, afin de montrer l’existence d’un cercle vertueuxAt the end of the economic transition and in the context of catching up within the European Union, this thesis studies the technology transfer associated with foreign direct investment (FDI) in Central and Eastern Europe. Technological externalities are considered the main contribution of FDI to the economic development of host countries. The first part of this work analyzes the microeconomic mechanism of technology transfer. After having evaluated the potential for spillovers through the productivity gap and the intensity of intersectoral linkages, we identify the impact of technological spillovers on the productivity of domestic firms. We construct several measures of horizontal and vertical externalities, while giving particular attention to local firm’s status throughout the supply chain. Finally, we tested the role of local absorptive capacity and technological gap in the capture of spillovers. In the second part we conduct a macroeconomic analysis oriented on two directions: the relationship between FDI and local investment and the aggregate impact of FDI on growth. We start from the assumption of destructive creation between FDI and local investment and analyze this issue from the perspective of different types of FDI. We also separate the interaction mechanism between the affiliates and the domestic firms according to the real market and the financial market. We then evaluate the contribution of aggregate externalities to technical progress, which allows us to illustrate the overall impact of FDI on economic growth. Finally, we consider the FDI-growth relationship from a double perspective, in order to show the existence of a virtuous circle
9
Altzinger, Wilfried. "Austria's foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe. "supply based" or "market driven"?" Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1566/1/document.pdf.
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Since 1989 Austria's investment activities in Central and Eastern Europe has intensified. Investments are concentrated in adjacent countries. Geographical proximity and close historical and cultural ties have enabled even small and medium-sized Austrian enterprises to achieve a 'first mover advantage'. Investments have been performed to a large extent in industries that are typically not connected with outsourcing activities (trade, finance and insurance, construction). Market-driven factors and strategic considerations are the ultimate objective of these investments. Only a few sectors, in particular a so-called 'core' industrial sector (metal products, mechanical products, electrical and electronic equipment), indicate that low labour costs are of importance. Trade and sales data of the affiliates support the dominance of the local market. Whilst on average 66% of the affiliates output was sold locally this share was only 39% for the "core" industrial sector. This sector indicates particular patterns of relocation. Nevertheless, until now this part of Austria's FDI has only been of minor importance. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
10
Sievers, Monika. "Liberalization of foreign direct investment : Europe 1992 and the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42049.
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The recent developments in the European Community evoked by
the Single European Act and commonly referred to as the creation
of "Fortress Europe" by the end of 1992 have been attracted
considerable attention with respect to economic and political
integration in the international arena. Similarly, the
conclusion of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement aiming at a
loose form of economic integration received significant
recognition.
These two agreements cover not only liberalization of trade
in goods and services but moreover, include foreign direct
investment. This is of particular significance since little
progress has been made in its regulation on an international
level in comparison to the regulation of trade in goods. Due to
the fact that direct investment is primarily exercised by large
multinational enterprises it has a larger political impact on the
host countries than trade in goods and services. Foreign
ownership of local industry creates the concern of economic
dependence and of a loss of sovereign powers among host
governments. Consequently, governments introduce laws and
regulations aiming at the restriction of direct investment of
foreign investors.
However, as foreign investment augments economic growth, it
is of common benefit to both investors and host countries to
provide an investment climate which balances the conflict of
interest between the need of legal certainty and flexibility for
foreign investors arid the safeguard of economic independence and
political freedom of host country governments to introduce and
maintain measures deemed necessary for the benefit of their
national economies.
This thesis will demonstrate the most effective regime to
solve this conflict through comparison of the Free Trade
Agreement with the Treaty of Rome as amended by the Single
European Act. These agreements have been chosen since they
involve two of the triad world economic powers and thus,
represent industrialized nations with the highest degree of
foreign direct investment aiming at the liberalization of direct
investment in their "enlarged" markets.
The thesis is divided into three parts. The first and
second parts will discuss the degree of liberalization of foreign
investment within the Common Market including the progress made
under the Single European Act of 1986 and within the free trade
area established by the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement in 1989.
The analysis will centre around the issues of free establishment
of companies, the National Treatment Principle, capital movement,
and mergers and acquisitions. The third part consists of the
comparative analysis and will provide the final conclusions.
The conclusions will show that the two agreements share few
similarities but they are characterized by their divergent
approach to direct investment liberalization. It is submitted
that the more comprehensive form of liberalization is reached in the Common Market due to its broad restraint on sovereign powers
of its Member States and coherently implemented elimination of
restrictions on foreign investment. In contrast, the Free Trade
Agreement only imposes selected obligations on the parties to
liberalize direct investment. It will become clear that the Free
Trade Agreement stands for a settlement of the most vexing
investment issues between the parties rather than a commitment to
virtually liberalize investment between the U.S. and Canada.
In view of this result, recommendations are made to further
liberalize investment under the Free Trade Agreement. These have
to be seen, however, in the light of numerous economic and
political divergencies between the Common Market and the U.S.-
Canadian free trade area.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
11
Gao, Ni. "Stratégie et organisation des entreprises chinoises en Europe". Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2020/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objet d’effectuer une étude approfondie des IDE chinois et d’analyser la stratégie et l’organisation des entreprises chinoises en France. Pour cela, nous étudions les principales motivations d’investissement des entreprises chinoises en France, leurs modes d’entrée sur le marché français ainsi que les différentes façons de contrôler leurs filiales en France. Nous utilisons la méthodologie qualitative pour cette recherche. Au total, nous avons interviewé dix-sept entreprises chinoises ayant réalisé des IDE en France. Nos résultats montrent que la recherche de marchés et d’actifs stratégiques sont les principales motivations des IDE chinois en France. Le gouvernement chinois joue un rôle de promoteur dans le processus d’internationalisation des entreprises chinoises en France. Les entreprises chinoises préfèrent entrer en France par une filiale en propriété exclusive. Les cadres locaux jouent un rôle clé dans la gestion des filiales des entreprises chinoises en FranceThis thesis aims to carry out an in-depth study on Chinese FDI, to analyse the strategy and organization of Chinese companies in France. For this, we study the main investment motivations for Chinese companies in France, their entry modes into the French market, and the different ways of controlling their subsidiaries in France. We used a qualitative methodology for this research. In total, we interviewed seventeen Chinese companies that carried out FDI in France. Our empirical findings indicate that market-seeking and strategic assets seeking are the main motivations for Chinese FDI in France. The Chinese government plays a role of promoter in the process of internationalization of Chinese companies in France. Chinese companies prefer to enter into France through wholly owned subsidiaries. Local managers play a key role in the management of the subsidiaries of Chinese firms in France
12
Makhavikova, Hanna [Verfasser]. "Determinants of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe : the effects of integration with the European Union / Hanna Makhavikova". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142232980/34.
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Speckhahn, Wolfgang. "Real estate investment trusts (REITS) in Europe : Europeanizing tax regimes". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2015. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/579909/.
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The research investigated the impact of EU law and policies on direct taxation in REITs, and movement towards a harmonised EU-REIT with common direct taxation of REITs profits. It represents the first comparative study of EU member state REIT regimes to identify an emerging common understanding informed by European jurisprudence and Europeanization policy and theory. After identifying the fundamental elements of a REIT (following the original US model) within a context of Europeanization theory, the research examined EU policy mechanisms (such as goodness of fit and adaptational soft pressure) and the impact of relevant case law from the European Court of Justice. It then presented in-depth case studies of three member states: France (example of a well-established REIT regime), Bulgaria (a new accession state) and Spain (a recent REIT regime). The research found an emerging common understanding between member states’ REIT regimes, offering the prospect of a European harmonised REIT form distinguishable from the US model. It also found negative approaches to direct taxation in cross-border situations, and member state concerns about loss of sovereignty and tax base, which should be recognised within any harmonised direct tax regime. The research can claim to be the first comparative analysis of MS REIT regimes to address a common understanding, and thus is relevant to practitioners and academics in the fields of European law and international taxation. It has potential to contribute towards an improved common direct taxation approach and the harmonisation of European REITs within the wider processes of Europeanization. The research was limited to REIT regimes in EU member states, and further research could analyse relevant member state tax regimes outside the 'common understanding' REIT model, and further explores issues of loss of sovereignty and tax base in member states.
14
Eller, Markus, Peter Haiss y Katharina Steiner. "Foreign Direct Investment in the Financial Sector. The Engine of Growth for Central and Eastern Europe?" Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/98/1/document.pdf.
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This paper examines the impact of financial sector foreign direct investment (FSFDI) on economic growth by estimating a panel data model for 11 Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) between 1996 and 2003 in a cross-country growth accounting framework. The analysis concentrates on the efficiency channel linking FSFDI to economic growth. The results clearly indicate that there can be a relationship between FSFDI and economic growth. Approaching a medium degree of financial M&A is rewarded by higher economic growth after two periods. Beyond it, FSFDI seems to spur economic growth depending on a higher human capital stock. FSFDI-induced knowledge-spillovers to domestic banks can be an explanation for this phenomenon. Above a certain threshold, the crowding-out of local physical capital caused by the entry of a foreign bank seems to hamper economic growth. The value of the paper lies in (1) providing novel data on FSFDI in CEECs, (2) analyzing the impact of FDI on a sectoral level and (3) in modeling the hitherto only qualitatively discussed relationship between foreign banks and economic development into a structural, econometric model that combines two streams of economic research: the FDI-growth-literature and the finance-growth-literature. (author's abstract)Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
15
LaPier, Terrence Walter. "Real estate advisory services : growth and competition in Japan, Europe, and the United States, 1960-1990". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1429/.
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This thesis examines the international growth and diversification of real estate advisory services in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan from over a 30-year period, 1960-1990. These four countries were selected because they were the most active in cross-border direct investment during this period, and intricate economic interdependencies among them prompted the greatest advancements in innovative real estate advisory services. Economic and cultural differences and similarities among the four focal countries and their respective service professions provide the bases for evaluating the primary hypothesis: the internationalization of real estate advisory services were most efficiently and effectively achieved by firms that first built solid reputations in their home nations, and subsequently expanded into multiregional organizations by responding to the cross-border investment activities of existing and prospective multinational clients. If leading firms in the focal countries expanded in domestic markets to capitalize on the national economy's maturing real estate markets, then moved into foreign markets to capitalize on rising cross-border investment flows over the 1960-1990 period, the primary thesis raises a question about the relative significance of cross-border real estate investment to national economic conditions, generally, and to the growth of commercial real estate markets and sectoral employment in the focal countries, specifically. A secondary hypothesis, therefore, is tested to identify the relative impact of total cross-border real estate investment flows on employment levels in the commercial real estate sector in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and Japan. This thesis also examines the several dimensions of the economy and financial system affected by domestic and foreign investment in commercial real estate assets after 1960. For example, rising worldwide commercial property investment appeared to be an important factor in the escalation of corporate real estate values, in the growth of construction industries and related services sectors, in the changes in the net worth of major financial institutions, and in the asset diversification of insurance and pension fund portfolios. As part of this trend, the growth of international business and the rise in mergers and acquisitions also elevated cross-border direct investment activity in real estate as companies expanded into foreign markets. This thesis explores the process by which property advisory services internationalized and gained an important role in the global service economy by counseling investors on the location and volume of investment activities, and thereby influencing the international flow of real estate investment funds. It also examines whether real estate advisory firms in the focal countries gained competitive advantage over the 30-year period due to the presence of two basic conditions: an international network of property professionals; and a diversified services practice--brokerage, property management, finance, facilities planning and development, and real estate sales and purchases. By reviewing national fluctuations in cross-border direct investment in real estate, and periodic changes and major episodes in the foreign expansion of real estate advisory services in the focal countries, this thesis seeks to examine specific national factors that influenced effective internationalization in domestic property services. Basic principles in economic history provide the theoretical framework concerning competitive and comparative advantages among nations and particular organizations.
16
Sailleau, Arold. "Investissement direct étranger, compétitivité et ancrage territorial des activités économiques : le cas de l'Europe". Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131047.
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De nombreux travaux ont été depuis une vingtaine d'années consacrés à deux questions qui se trouvent aujourd'hui au centre des débats économiques et politiques : les firmes multinationales et plus généralement le processus de mondialisation d'une part, et la compétitivité internationale d'autre part. Mais ces deux domaines de recherche ont évolué de façon tout à fait indépendante et leurs résultats n'ont que trop rarement été mis en relation et situés dans un cadre commun. Cette thèse tente de les rapprocher. Nous voudrions apporter une contribution à la réflexion sur la notion de compétitivité internationale dans le contexte de mondialisation de l'économie où l'investissement direct à l'étranger et les firmes multinationales jouent un rôle de premier plan. Notre thèse est divisée en trois parties qui portent successivement sur les notions de compétitivité internationale et de mondialisation, sur les différentes dimensions (commerciale et structurelle) de l'analyse des liens entre la compétitivité des firmes multinationales et celle des pays et enfin sur la question des nouveaux points d'appui de la compétitivité (région continent et/ou région infranationale) dans le cadre de la mondialisation de l'économie. Cette dernière partie est illustrée tout d'abord par une analyse des stratégies de multinationalisation des FMN en Europe puis par une analyse des déterminants de la localisation infranationale des FMN en France.
17
Péré, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation de l'impact climatique des aérosols en Europe". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553196.
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Le principal objectif de la thèse a été d'estimer le forçage radiatif direct exercé par les aérosols de pollution durant la canicule ayant affectée l'Europe de l'ouest durant l'été 2003. Un intérêt particulier a été porté sur l'étude des rétroactions possibles de ce forçage radiatif direct sur la dynamique atmosphérique et les processus photochimiques. Tout d'abord, un module permettant de calculer les propriétés optiques des aérosols en considérant trois types de mélange de la particule (externe, interne homogène et core-shell) a été développé dans le modèle de chimie-transport CHIMERE. Une évaluation de ce module optique a été réalisée pour toute l'année 2003 à l'aide d'observations photométriques et satellitaires. Ensuite, un couplage du modèle CHIMERE associé au module optique avec le modèle de météorologie WRF d'une part et le code de transfert radiatif TUV d'autre part a permis d'évaluer le forçage radiatif direct des aérosols et ses rétroactions potentielles sur la dynamique atmosphérique et les processus photochimiques.
18
Hyun, Jae-Hoon. "Korean automotive FDI in Europe : the effects of economic integration on motivations and patterns of FDI and industrial location". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369852.
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Fallon, Grahame R. "A model of foreign direct investment location, its causes and economic outcomes in Western and Eastern Europe". Thesis, University of Northampton, 2010. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/4960/.
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Streif, Frank [Verfasser] y Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Spengel. "Fiscal Policy in Europe: Taxation, Debt and Direct Democracy with Multiple Jurisdictions / Frank Streif ; Betreuer: Christoph Spengel". Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122019521/34.
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Sami, Chehata Ayad Mina. "Stratégies de localisation et organisation des firmes multinationales en Europe". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1006.
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La littérature sur les investissements directs étrangers a considérablement progressé au cours des deux dernières décennies (Antràs & Yeaple, 2013). Le rapport de la CNUCED sur les investissements de 1998 indique que les firmes multinationales suivent une grande variété de stratégies d’internationalisation. Plusieurs études théoriques ont étudié ces nouvelles stratégies (ex. : colocalisation des activités, agglomération géographique des projets d’une firme, et les stratégies complexes). Néanmoins, les travaux empiriques existants ne traitent pas la séquence d’implantation des multinationales comme un phénomène dynamique dans l’espace et le temps. Notre étude suppose que la localisation des firmes multinationales n’est pas un processus statique. Quand le niveau de la production augmente, l'entreprise prendra de nouvelles décisions organisationnelles afin de maintenir son niveau de productivité et de garantir l'efficacité de son processus de productionThe literature of foreign direct investment has been characterized by a significant progress in the last two decades. According to the World investment report (UNCTAD, 1998), different strategies are set by multinational firms in their internationalization process. Some theoretical studies highlighted the relevance of these new strategies (e.g. co-location of activities, geographic agglomeration within firm boundaries and complex strategies). However, most of the empirical works study the location of the multinationals as if they were to be undertaken once and overlook the dynamic extension of the firms over location and time. Our study assumes that the location decision is not a static process, but when the level of the production increases, the firm will take some new organizational decisions in order to maintain its productivity level and guarantee the efficiency of its production process
22
Chae, Sun Hee. "The transfer of Korean passenger car production to East Central Europe : the case of direct investment by Daewoo Motor". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298290.
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Buchenko, Olga. "Off-shoring’s Impact on Economic Growth of Developing Countries in Central and Eastern Europe". Thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77099.
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This paper investigates the impact of the increased off-shoring in business and manufacturing to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Since the off-shoring process is a relatively new activity, there is no precise definition of how to measure its direct impact on a country’s economy. Thus the study is dedicated to identify the main economic factors associated with off-shoring and to examine their impact on the economic growth. The study has used a dataset on economic characteristics for 9 CEE countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia) during the time period of 2000 - 2008. After applying fixed and random effects econometric model to the panel data for 9 countries, empirical results showed that FDI inflows that enter the country with offshoring processes have a positive influence on the GDP of those countries. Additionally, exports of manufactured products and ICT services are also shown to have a positive influence on GDP. At the same time, indigenous investments and private consumption do have a stronger impact on economic growth compared to foreign direct investments and exports, respectively.
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Benjelloun, Anas. "Les déterminants des IDE polluants : application aux IDE espagnols en Amérique latine et en Europe". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32052.
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L’objectif fondamental de cette thèse consistait, après avoir relevé la complexité du lien entre l’économie et l’environnement, à mettre en évidence d’une part, les différents travaux et analyses sur la théorie des havres de pollution ainsi que les théories concurrentes et d’autre part, à apporter une contribution empirique à cette théorie. Ainsi, en évaluant empiriquement l’attractivité de l’Amérique latine et de l’Europe pour les entreprises manufacturières espagnoles appartenant auxsecteurs réputés polluants, on s’est évertué à montrer que les déterminants de cet attrait vers ces deux régions ne suivent pas la même trajectoire. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons un modèle gravitaire développé au moyen de l’économétrie des données de panel. C’est autour de ces points centraux que se sont articulés les quatre chapitres de notre thèse. Nos résultats valident l’existence d’effets de havres de pollution en Amérique latine, renforçant ainsi les conclusions tirées par les défenseurs de cette théorie. Ainsi, les localisations des industries polluantes espagnoles dans cetterégion sont déterminées par la présence simultanée des économies d’agglomération, d’une main d’oeuvre qualifiée et un engagement environnemental faible conjugué à un climat institutionnel douteux caractérisé par une présence massive de l’Etat dans l’économie et une banalisation de la corruption. Il convient de préciser que cette présence espagnole semble moins concernée par les libertés politiques et civiles dans la région, par les niveaux d’imposition et par la taille du marché domestique. Concernant la présence espagnole dans les pays européens, ce sont plutôt lesstratégies horizontales qui paraissent dominer les politiques d’internationalisation des entreprises polluantes espagnoles. Ces dernières semblent prêter bien plus d’attention à des facteurs tels que la qualité de la main-d’oeuvre, la performance des infrastructures, les économies d’agglomération et l’accès au marché qu’à la sévérité de la politique environnementale localeWe have plotted a complex link between Economy and Environment, consequently we could determined the main objective of this thesis which was on one hand to highlight various papers and studies about the theory of contamination havens and about others competitive theories, and on another hand, to propose an empirical contribution to these theories. Thus, by evaluating the attractiveness of Latin America and Europe for Spanish manufacturing corporations involved in sectors known as contaminated, we focused on the fact that the determinants of this attract to both regions don’t follow the same way. In order to fulfill this specific study, we have used a gravity model developed using econometric panel data. Indeed, we have built our four main chapters of the thesis around these major points. The results obtained can argue that effects of contamination havens effectively exist in Latin America, strengthening conclusions put out by the defenders of this theory. Moreover, the place where are located Spanish contaminating manufacturing in thisregion are determined by the existence of agglomeration economies, skilled labor market, a weak engagement in environment issues united to a high level of corruption governmental institutions.In consequence, we can add that the Spanish government in this zone feels less concerned by the quality of way of life and liberty of citizens than by levels of taxes and size of domestic market. Concerning the Spanish implementation of strategies in these Europeans countries, the most relevant are horizontal strategies which seem to dominate internationalization process in Spanish contaminating manufacturing. These ones seem to pay attention to the quality of skilled labor forces, strength of infrastructure, agglomeration economies and access to the market more than the control of environmental local policies
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Wielgus, Alicja (Alicja Marta) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Is Poland emerging from the periphery of foreign direct investment flows to Central and Eastern Europe? An examination of the evidence". Ottawa, 1995.
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Kolodavičienė, Jurgita. "Tiesioginių užsienio investicijų perspektyvos Lietuvoje, įstojus į Europos Sąjungą". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20090908_193855-13232.
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Tiesioginės užsienio investicijos (TUI) yra vienas iš svarbiausių faktorių, turinčių įtakos šalies ekonominiam vystymuisi. Pritraukti TUI į mūsų šalį yra ne tik tikslas, bet ir būtinybė. Įstojimas į ES padidino konkurenciją tiek tarp naujų, tiek tarp senų ES narių. Lietuvos vyriausybė turi nuolat gerinti investicinį klimatą, norint, jog TUI neaplenktų mūsų šalies ateityje.TUI atneša į mūsų šalį naujas pažangias idėjas, progresyvią vadybą, naują techniką ir technologiją, sukuria naujas darbo vietas – kelia pragyvenimo lygį. Vokiečių kompanija „Max.sicherheitsfarchule.Holding.Gmbh“ planuoja savo kompanijos plėtrą Lietuvoje, panaudojant TUI, modernizuojant ir restruktūrizuojant vairavimo mokymo procesą. Empirinis tyrimas kaip tik ir parodė prielaidas, galimybes ir perspektyvas tiesioginiam investavimui Lietuvoje. Darbas susideda iš 97 puslapių, įskaitant 5 lenteles ir 17 paveikslėlių, neskaitant literatūros sąrašo ir priedų.The Direct Foreign Investment (DFI) is one of the most important factors influencing economical development of any country. To raise the level of direct foreign investment in Lithuania is not only a goal, but also a necessity. The entry to the European Union (EU) increased competition between old and new EU member states, so in order to attract DFI to our country Lithuanian Goverment should constantly improve investment climate. Direct Foreign Investment together with direct financing brings into the country many progressive ideas, innovative management, new techniques and technologies, improves employment levels by creating new workplaces and in general raises the standart of living. German company „Max.sicherheitsfarchule.Gmbh“, working in the field of theoretical and practical driving training in Germany, is planing its expansion to Lithuania, using Direct Foreign Investment, modernizing and restructuring the traditional procedure of driving training. The empirical research demonstrated the assumptions, possibilities and perspectives for this particular case of direct investing. The research work comprises of 97 pages, including 5 tables and 17 pictures, excluding lists of literature and appendixes.
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Richtáriková, Zdenka. "Phenomenon of the FDI: Investment Environment in the Countries of the Central Europe". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125126.
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The Master Thesis deals with the investment environment of the Central European countries, familiarizes the reader with the phenomenon of foreign direct investment, and analyzes the macroeconomic environment in relation to the investment inflow and stock. It characterizes foreign direct investment in the global setting and outlines several internalization theories. Covering a wide range of various macroeconomic indicators that influence the investment favorability, the thesis compares Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia along with relevant concise analyses. Moreover, the foreign direct investment inflows and stocks are addressed and the investment inflow influence on national trade, especially export and import flows and trade ties, is presented.
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Dreyhaupt, Stephan J. "Locational tournaments in the context of the EU competitive environment a new institutional economics approach to foreign direct investment policy competition between governments in Europe /". Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231776.
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Zou, Fanfan. "Extension ou nouvelle théorie de l'internationalisation ? une analyse des stratégies marketing de quatre entreprises multinationales chinoises en Europe". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020047/document.
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Aujourd’hui les chercheurs du commerce international ne peuvent pas négliger la croissance significative et soutenue de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE), à la fois entrant et sortant, réalisé par des pays en voie de développement. Parmi ces pays, la Chine est en position de leader, en démontrant un fort élan en tant que récepteur d’IDE et investisseur, pas seulement dans des pays en voie de développement, mais aussi dans des pays développés. Les principaux acteurs derrière cette scène sont des entreprises multinationales (EMN) chinoises. Etant des retardataires en terme de l’internalisation, des EMN chinoises sont en train de concurrencer leurs compétiteurs plus établis, des EMN pionnières, dans le monde entier, y compris dans leurs marchés domestiques. Les études existantes sur l’internalisation de la Chine ne peuvent pas refléter la grandeur et la profondeur du processus d’internalisation de l’empire au milieu. Spécifiquement, des EMN chinoises démontrent des particularités bien distinctes qui méritent des études plus poussées et focalisées. A cet égard, la question souvent posée est si le processus d’internalisation des EMN chinoises peut être expliqué par les théories classiques dérivées des EMN pionnières, ou par les analyses effectuées dans les littératures sur des EMN retardataires. Dans cette thèse, nous répondons cette question en menant une étude sur les stratégies de Marketing des quatre EMN chinoises majores s’internationalisant dans des marchés développés, notamment l’Europe de l’ouest : Huawei, Haier, Lenovo et Geely, qui sont tous déjà leaders dans le marché domestique. En juxtaposant des propositions dérivées des stratégies des EMN chinoises avec les théories d’internalisation existantes (les théories classiques et alternatives), nous démontrons l’évolution et l’adaptation de ces théories dans le nouveau contexte de la globalisation, qui constitue aussi à une contribution managériale à la fois aux EMN retardataires et aux EMN pionnièresNowadays researchers of International Business could not possibly fail to notice the phenomenon that the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows and outflows of the world's developing countries keep increasing at a steady pace, and within this group, China continues to take the lead, showing great momentum both as a recipient of foreign investments and as an investor itself, not only in fellow developing countries, but in developed ones as well. And the main player and driver behind the scene is the country's MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) - latecomers in terms of internationalization, Chinese MNEs are competing their more established competitors, the MNE early-movers, all over the world, including in the home markets of the latter. Existing studies on China’s internationalization fail to reflect its scale and depth; Chinese MNEs as well as the social-economical situation of the country as a whole demonstrate distinct features, which deserve more-focused and case-specific studies. While questions often linger on whether the internationalization process of Chinese MNEs can be explained in terms of mainstream theories derived from early-movers, or in terms of the analyses that have so far been offered for latecomers, we decide to make a contribution to the solution of the question by having a focused examination on the Marketing strategies of four major Chinese MNEs internationalizing into developed country markets, notably West Europe: Huawei, Haier, Lenovo and Geely - all of which are already leaders in the domestic market and actively seeking a global leadership. By juxtaposing propositions derived from the strategic behaviors of Chinese MNEs with existing internationalization theories (both mainstream and alternative), we demonstrate how such theories could evolve in the new context of globalization, and make managerial contributions to both MNE latecomers and early-movers alike
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Bhandari, Bornali. "Essays on foreign direct investment and income inequality and cross-price effects in the U.S. trade balance /". view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192186831&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-124). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Saladin, Matthieu. "Esthétique de l'improvisation libre : étude d'une pratique au sein des musiques expérimentales au tournant des années 1960-1970 en Europe". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010589.
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A travers l'étude des trois ensembles AMM, Spontaneous Music Ensemble et Musica Elettronica Viva, cette thèse entend rendre compte de l' esthétique de l' improvisation libre au tournant des années 1960-1970 en Europe, période d'émergence de cette pratique au sein des musiques expérimentales. La première partie de cette étude s'attache à dresser les portraits de ces trois groupes à l'esthétique différente et à décrire les modalités qui les ont conduits à expérimenter la radicalisation du principe d'improvisation dans la création musicale. La deuxième partie cherche en confrontant ces trois ensembles à discuter, du point de vue esthétique, les problématiques essentielles qui structurent le processus de création de l'improvisation libre: les rapports à la liberté et aux règles, la création collective ou encore l'expérimentation musicale. La troisième partie se concentre enfin sur la relation qui unit l'émergence de cette pratique et son contexte sociohistorique afin de considérer ce que l'on pourrait appeler la« politique» de l'improvisation, caractérisée par l'a priori démocratique qui la sous-tend et l'émancipation musicale à laquelle elle prétend conduire les musiciens qui s'y engagent. Au terme de cette étude, nous verrons alors que l'expérimentation à l'oeuvre dans la pratique de l'improvisation libre ne saurait être réduite à la seule recherche musicale abstraite, détachée des contingences du monde, mais qu'elle se doit d'être envisagée comme double, répondant d'une dualité constitutive: à la fois expérimentation musicale et expérimentation politique.
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Vail, Morgan. "Marché intérieur et neutralité de l'impôt direct : la construction fiscale européenne revisitée". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020092/document.
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Le Marché intérieur s’est constitué en vue d’établir une concurrence libre et de répartir les ressources de la manière la plus efficiente possible. Impliquant l’abolition des frontières intérieures, l’action communautaire a conduit à harmoniser ou au moins à rapprocher de nombreux domaines. Même la fiscalité directe, compétence réservée des Etats membres, a fini par être placée sous la surveillance des Traités par le biais des libertés fondamentales et du principe de non-discrimination. Ce dernier a permis une certaine intégration fiscale au niveau européen en vue d’une neutralisation de la fiscalité sur les mouvements de personnes, de biens, de services et de capitaux. Cette oeuvre, essentiellement prétorienne, a cependant montré ses limites au plan de la cohérence de la politique fiscale, le juge ne pouvant faire un choix quant à la forme de neutralité qu’il conviendrait de choisir : neutralité aux importations de capitaux, neutralité aux exportations de capitaux ou une autre. En effet, les Traités établissent indéniablement un objectif de neutralité à destination des Etats. Emanant des textes européens cette neutralité abstraite est fondamentale afin de réaliser les objectifs économiques de l’Union. Cependant, en l’absence d’harmonisation fiscale il est nécessaire de faire un choix pour une forme de neutralité afin de concilier imposition, efficience économique et allocation efficace des ressources. A l’aune des principes qui structurent la construction de l’Europe, il convient désormais de dessiner les contours d’une neutralité fonctionnelle capable de procéder à l’intégration des impôts directs des Etats membres dans un Marché communThe Internal Market was formed to establish free competition and allocate resources as efficiently as possible. Involving the abolition of internal borders, Community action led to harmonize or at least to bring together many areas. Although direct taxation powers have been reserved by member States, it was placed under the supervision of the Treaties by means of the fundamental freedoms and the principle of non-discrimination. The latter has led to some tax integration at the European level in order to neutralize taxation on the movement of people, goods, services and capital. This work, mainly performed by the ECJ, showed its limits in terms of consistency of fiscal policy, the judge cannot make a choice as to the form of neutrality that should be chosen: capital import neutrality, capital export neutrality or another form of neutrality. Indeed, the EC Treaty establishes an undeniable objective of neutrality toward member States. The abstract neutrality that is emanating from European texts is essential to achieve the economic objectives of the EU. However, in the absence of tax harmonization it is necessary to choose among the different standards of tax neutrality in order to reconcile taxation, economic efficiency and efficient allocation of resources. In the light of the principles that shape the European construction one should now draw the outlines of a functional neutrality able to perform the integration of direct taxes in a Common Market
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Poulet, Julie. "Direct effect of the law of the GATT in the European Union, the United States and the consequences for the WTO". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78227.
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This aim of this thesis will be to first address the issue of the direct applicability of the GATT within the national framework, mainly through the use of an analysis of the considerations that such a denial of the direct effect of the GATT is based upon, to understand if there are real obstacles to its implementation, before examining the harmful effects this of denial. The analysis will focus on the situation in both the European Union and the United States, these two countries being two of the most important trade partners in the WTO, before suggesting various solutions that could be adopted to implement the direct effect of the GATT in order to benefit both individuals and the WTO members.However, since WTO members are still highly opposed to the recognition of the direct effect of the GATT, the unlikelihood of its implementation, at least in a short term perspective, will lead to an analysis of the situation directly at the WTO level. This will permit us to further conclude, whether it would be possible to find solutions to palliate the problems arising out of the denial of the direct effect of the GATT at a national level. Indeed, in the last part of the analysis undertaken in this work, various ways to remedy the deficit of democracy will be explored, examining alternatively the best vectors that could be used: individuals or NGOs, in order to enhance the legitimacy of the WTO which is principally under attack.
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Chrištof, Tomáš. "Přímé zahraniční investice a investiční pobídky ve střední Evropě". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4114.
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The thesis deals with tpopics which refer to the term Foreign Direct Investment within the bounds of the Central European region or the "Visegrád group" (Czech republic, Slovak republic, Poland and Hungary) respectively. First, a detailed examination is conducted from a theoretical point of view in relation with the term Foreign Direct Investment. This part is then followed up by an analysis of the Foreign Direct Investments inflow into the mentioned region and a profound analysis of the Investment Incentives provided by the Visegrád group countries.
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Høen, Hans-André Aadland. "Hvorfor Shanghai? : norske rederiers direkteinvesteringer i Shanghai /". Bergen : Norges Handelshøyskole, 2008. http://bora.nhh.no:8080/bitstream/2330/1976/1/Hoen%202008.pdf.
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Öhman, Amanda. "Towards a fossil free steel sector : Conditions for technology transfer of hydrogenbased iron and steel in Europe". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264106.
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In order to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement, there is a need to significantly reduce emissions from energy-intensive industries, iron and steel included. One promising technology with the potential to reduce the emissions related to iron and steelmaking to basically none is direct reduction with fossil free hydrogen, which requires large amounts of fossil free electricity. This master thesis explores the conditions for this technology in a European context with an energy perspective as the main focus. Three primary steel producing countries in Europe are chosen as focus countries; Germany, France and Italy. The findings of the study conclude that neither of the focus countries is an optimal sociotechnical fit for hydrogen-based direct reduction for iron and steel production at present. France is the country with the best conditions from a solely energy perspective but lacks some important factors for an enabling environment for technology transfer. Germany on the other hand have the most promising characteristics for an enabling environment but still face large challenges when it comes to power sector decarbonisation. In order to overcome the barriers and create an enabling environment it is key that energy and industry transitions are aligned, that a policy framework that supports these transitions is in place and that key actors representing all aspects of the transition cooperate; from industry to research, academia, policymakers and others. The findings also show that the current locations of the primary steel plants are in many cases not where the most favourable conditions for renewable power generation are and given the renewable capacity and transmission limitations of today, merely switching to a hydrogenbased process is not likely viable. A future configuration could be decentralised value chains where the different processes are located where there are optimal conditions e.g. that either hydrogen or sponge iron is produced where there are favourable power conditions and then transported to steel plants for the remaining processes in the value chain.För att nå målen uppsatta i Parisavtalet behöver energiintensiva industrier kraftigt minska sina utsläpp, däribland järn- och stålindustrin. Direktreduktion med fossilfri vätgas är en teknologi med potential att minska utsläppen från järn och ståltillverkning till praktiskt taget noll men kräver stora mängder fossilfri el. Detta examensarbete undersöker de energimässiga förutsättningarna för denna teknik i en europeisk kontext. Tre länder som producerar primärstål är utvalda som fokusländer i studien; Tyskland, Frankrike och Italien. Resultaten av studien visar att inget av de utvalda länderna i dagsläget har optimala sociotekniska förutsättningar för tekniken. Frankrike är det land med de bästa energimässiga förutsättningarna men saknar några viktiga faktorer för att vara en möjliggörande socioteknisk miljö. Tyskland å andra sidan har de mest lovande förutsättningarna för en lämplig socioteknisk miljö men står inför utmaningar när det kommer till energisystemet och tillgången på fossilfri el. För att skapa förutsättningar för denna teknik är det viktigt med koordinerade omställningar i energisektorn och industrin, policys som möjliggör dessa omställningar samt ett väl fungerande samarbete mellan industrin, akademin, beslutsfattare och andra viktiga aktörer. Studien visar också att de platser där nuvarande stålverk för primärstål finns inte har de bästa förutsättningar för förnybar elproduktion och att en vätgasbaserad process inte är optimal, baserat på den förnybara kapaciteten och de transmissionsbegränsningar som finns idag i elsystemet. Det finns istället möjlighet till decentraliserade värdekedjor, där varje process placeras där de mest lämpliga förhållandena finns. Detta kan exempelvis innebära att vätgas eller järnsvamp produceras där tillgången till fossilfri el är god, för att sedan transporteras till stålverken för de resterande processtegen.
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Nickens, Bradley Harrison. "Postmaterialism and Democracy: What Does the Postmaterialist Value Shift Mean for Democracy?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9913.
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This thesis explores the possible impact of a postmaterialist value shift on the future of democracy in advanced industrial democratic countries.
Research over the past few decades has questioned the responsiveness of representative democratic institutions in advanced industrial democracies to individual and communal needs in society. Radical democratic theorists have called for direct action, structural reform, and other social and political changes to make democracy "stronger." Increased education levels brought on by continued economic and physical security in advanced industrial societies has led to a change in the ability of citizens to access the political process. How the relationship between the citizen and the state is altered as a result of continued prosperity is a primary motivation for this research.
Working with World Values Survey data, I examine individual and societal level relationships between postmaterial values and direct political participation and acceptance of participatory values. Empirical evidence supports the hypotheses that postmaterial values are positively associated with direct political participation and as the level of Postmaterialists increases in a given society the level of participatory behavior and acceptance of participatory values will also increase. Substantive analysis suggests that increase in the level of postmaterialism in a country will lead to increases in alternative political activity and other forms of direct participation.Master of Arts
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Obrocki, Lea Marit [Verfasser]. "Advances in geoarchaeological site formation research by integrating geophysical methods, direct push sensing techniques and stratigraphic borehole data - case studies from central Europe and the western Peloponnese around ancient Olympia - / Lea Marit Obrocki". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118923730X/34.
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Berei-Nagy, Antonia. "Globalisation et régionalisation : les stratégies d'internationalisation de Volkswagen, Renault et Fiat dans les principaux pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale et en Chine durant leur transition systémique à l'économie de marché". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030085.
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Durant les dernières décennies, la globalisation de l’économie mondiale s’est non seulement développée à une vitesse accélérée et inattendue, mais elle s’est également complexifiée de manière inédite. Ce processus a induit des changements considérables dans l’organisation de la production industrielle au niveau mondial. Parallèlement au renforcement de la globalisation a émergé le phénomène de la régionalisation. Les firmes multinationales, organisées aujourd’hui en firmes réseaux, sont devenues les acteurs économiques principaux et semblent façonner l’économie mondiale au point d’en déterminer l’évolution future. Elles peuvent également être des moteurs puissants de rattrapage et de mise à niveau du secteur industriel dans une économie donnée. Pour démontrer le développement à la fois global et régional des firmes multinationales, nous avons choisi l’industrie automobile qui, par son étendue et son intensité technologique, permet d’illustrer plus concrètement les principales évolutions économiques de ces dernières années. L’analyse des principaux pays d’Europe Centrale et Orientale et de la Chine permet de montrer le rôle qu’ont joué les firmes multinationales de la construction automobile dans la transition d’une économie planifiée socialiste à un système d’économie de marché, ainsi que de mettre en évidence le processus d’intégration des territoires dans la stratégie globale et régionale des constructeursDuring the last decades, the globalization of the world economy has not simply developed at an accelerated and unexpected pace, but it has also become more complex than ever before. This process led to significant changes in the organization of industrial production at the world level. Parallel to the globalization, the phenomenon of regionalization has emerged. Today multinational firms organized as network enterprises, became the principal actors of the world economy and they seem to shape the direction of its future evolution. They can also serve as the engine for industrial upgrading and catching up for a given economy. To demonstrate the global and regional development of multinational enterprises, we have chosen the automotive industry since it is a wide and technology-intensive sector and can highlight the main stages and changes of the last decades’ economic evolution. The analysis of the main Central and Eastern European Countries and of China enables to shed light on the role that multinational enterprises within the automobile manufacturing sector have played in the transition from a socialist planned economy to a market economy and on the process of integration of these territories in the global and regional strategy of the vehicle manufacturers
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Loureiro, Ana Rita Lopes Almeida. "A eficácia das políticas de informação e comunicação da União Europeia: o caso do CIED Aveiro". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23185.
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Mestrado em Ciência PolíticaA União Europeia tem vindo a ser questionada de diversas formas pelos cidadãos. Este questionamento manifesta-se na opinião pública e é muitas vezes transformada em desconfiança e euroceticismo em relação ao projeto europeu. Para colmatar estes problemas, a UE tem vindo a adotar políticas que visam promover o diálogo com o cidadão, a transferência de conhecimento e a participação ativa deste. Os Centros de Informação Europe Direct (CIED) são resultado da adoção desta política e caracterizam-se por serem uma rede que pretende ser um ponto de contacto do cidadão com a UE, propondo-se a efetivar a transmissão de conhecimento sobre a UE e suas instituições, bem como os diversos mecanismos e as políticas que afetam o cidadão europeu. O objetivo do nosso estudo é compreender de que forma esta rede Europe Direct é capaz de produzir um maior conhecimento sobre a UE na população e alterar as atitudes dos cidadãos perante a UE. Para tal, analisámos a implementação da política pública de informação, nomeadamente um conjunto de variáveis de funcionamento dos CIEDs, de forma a identificar eventuais problemas e bloqueios na implementação. Ademais, analisámos a eficácia que atividades como as desenvolvidas nos CIED têm nas atitudes dos cidadãos em relação à UE. Através da nossa análise foi possível concluir que a implementação do CIED Aveiro (CIEDA) tem algumas debilidades, que necessitam de mudança, nomeadamente relacionados com a existência de objetivos muito vagos, de parcerias instáveis, do número e formação dos recursos humanos ou da indefinição dos grupos-alvo. Verificamos ainda que as sessões de informação como aquelas que são desenvolvidas no CIEDA tendem a não produzir grandes efeitos positivos ao nível das atitudes por parte dos cidadãos face à UE, mas apenas ao nível dos conhecimentos.
The European Union has been questioned in several ways by its citizens. This questioning is revealed in the public opinion and is often turned into distrust and euroscepticism in relation to the European project. To address these problems, the EU has been adopting policies aimed at promoting dialogue with citizens, knowledge transfer and active citizen participation. Europe Direct Information Centers are the result of the adoption of this policy and are characterized by being a network that aims to be a point of contact between citizens and the EU, trying to transmit knowledge about the EU and its institutions, as well as about the several mechanisms and policies that affect European citizens. The goal of our study is to understand how this Europe Direct network is being able to promote a wider knowledge about the EU among citizens and to change citizens' attitudes towards the EU. TO do so, we analyzed the implementation of this public information policy, namely a set of variables about the way CIEDs function, in order to identify potential implementation problems and blockages. Moreover, we analysed the effectiveness that activities as the ones developed by CIEDs may have on citizens’ attitudes towards the EU. Through our analysis we were able to conclude that the implementation of CIED Aveiro has some flaws that need to be improved, namely the existence of very vague goals, the instability of partnerships, the number and training of its human resources, or the undefinition of target groups. We also concluded that information sessions like the ones developed by CIEDA tend not to have significant positive effects on the attitudes citizens have towards the EU, but only on the knowledge they have access.
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Tortian, Annie. "Les accords internationaux d'investissement et leur impact sur l'investissement direct étranger : évidence de quatre pays de l'Europe Centrale émergents". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165194.
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Pendant la dernière décennie du 20ème siècle, l'économie globale a été témoin de changements importants. Les années 90 ont été témoin: (1) d'une transformation importante dans la structure et la taille des flux de capitaux internationaux. L'Investissement Direct Etranger (IDE) s'est développé de façon significative en comparaison à d'autres formes de flux financiers internationaux; (2) d'une explosion du nombre des Accords Internationaux d´Investissement (AII); (3) depuis la fin des années 1980, les quatre pays de l'Europe Centrale (CEC4) – République Tchèque, Slovaquie, Hongrie et Pologne - ont fait des efforts prodigieux pour s'intégrer dans l'économie globale. L'intégration financière du CEC4 se reflète dans la conclusion de nombreux traités bilatéraux d'investissement, dans l'adhésion à des institutions internationales tels que l'OCDE, FMI et OMC, et dans les flux impressionnants d'IDE que ces pays ont attirés. En dépit de la prolifération des AII et des IDE pendant les années 90, les effets des AII sur le IDE constituent un thème qui n'a pas encore été exploré. L'objet de cette thèse est d'examiner empiriquement l'impact des AII sur le IDE à travers les mouvements de capitaux du CEC4. Pour estimer l'impact des AII sur le IDE du CEC4, l'étude utilise un modèle de données de panel sur les IDE en provenance de 22 pays d'OCDE vers le CEC4 pour la période 1992-2003. Les résultats empiriques démontrent que TIB exercent un impact significatif et positif sur le IDE. Parmi les autres AII, l'adhésion à l'OMC a un effet significatif et positif sur le IDE, alors que l'adhésion à l'OCDE et au FMI n'a pas d'effet significatif.
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Štefaňáková, Michaela. "Porovnání potratovosti v zemích střední Evropy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205944.
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The objective of this diploma thesis is the analysis and comparison of abortion in selected countries of Central Europe - Czech republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. In the thesis is analyzed in detail the controversial topic of abortions in terms of the various factors that affect it. For a detailed comparison of the differences between countries are used the indicators of abortion and direct method of standardization, through which is possible to compare the countries and eliminate the influance of age structure. The analysis showed that even though it is the neighboring countries of Central Europe, the situation regarding abortions is significantly different, especiall due to legislative changes and other important factors.
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Mezerová, Veronika. "Přímé zahraniční investice v zemích střední a východní Evropy na počátku nového tisíciletí". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16263.
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Thesis is focusing on trends in foreign direct investment flows and stocks in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia break down by country and activity. The main data analysis is for years 2000 - 2006. Recent trends from 2007 till H1 2009 are mentioned only in terms of total flows and stocks.
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Monsenego, Jérôme. "Taxation of foreign business income within the European internal market : an analysis of the conflict between the objective of achievement of the European internal market and". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Juridik, språk och ekonomisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1287.
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Member States' rules on the taxation of the foreign business income of companies, whether they are based on the fiscal principle of territoriality or on the principle of worldwide taxation, raise complex issues of compatibility with the law of the European Union. Areas of conflict include particularly the taxation of foreign profits, the deduction of foreign losses, the elimination of international double taxation, and the attribution of profits to permanent establishments. The dissertation analyses these conflicts on the basis of a study of the case law of the European Court of Justice. Although this analysis provides some guidance for the taxation of companies when they carry out business activities throughout the European Union, it is concluded that the Court cannot, by itself: solve the conflict between the taxation of business income in a cross-border context and the objective of achievement of the internal market.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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Vaňková, Kateřina. "Přímé zahraniční investice ČLR do zemí střední a východní Evropy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197862.
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The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of outward foreign direct investment of the People's Republic of China in Europe in general and with focus on Central and Eastern Europe. This work gives an overview of the main determinants that influence Chinese investor's decision and gives specifics and main features of Chinese FDI. The work also assesses the attractiveness of the CEE region in terms of FDI.
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Fikarová, Šárka. "Význam nadnárodních korporací ve světové ekonomice s důrazem na země stření a východní Evropy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142169.
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This thesis deals with the analysis of problems of transnational corporations. It is defined which positive and negative effects can transnational corporations have on the host country mainly in economic and political terms and to what extend and in what ways can the national states regulate their activities. This work presents the largest non-financial transnational corporations in the world and in the developing countries and the largest financial transnational corporations in the world. They are weighted by their size, geographical and sectoral distribution. A special attention is paid to the region of Central and Eastern Europe. At first this thesis deals with FDI flows that are associated with the mentioned region. In addition, it focuses on the reasons of entry of corporations from the West to the region and on the effects of their action. Space is also given to the transnational corporations with the headquarters in the monitored region.
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Chanet, Alain. "Determination de vitesses sismiques entre puits, inversion des temps de parcours par modelisation iterative". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066134.
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La tomographie appliquee a la geologie presentee dans ce travail repose sur l'estimation d'une grille de repartition des vitesses sismiques entre puits. Cette estimation est faite a partir des temps de parcours d'ondes sismiques traversant la zone a explorer, elle est effectuee suivant un processus iteratif. Ce processus se presente sous deux aspects : - resolution du probleme direct correspondant aux calculs de temps de parcours theoriques en fonction d'une repartition donnee de vitesses de propagation. - resolution du probleme inverse qui consite a fixer un schema de repartition des vitesses repondant au mieux aux temps de parcours mesures sur le terrain. On teste les solutions des deux tomographies ainsi developpees a partir d'exemples synthetiques simples. L'experience acquise permet d'appliquer ces processus a des donnees reelles dans le domaine du genie civil et pour une etude grande profondeur.
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Forti, Neto Octávio 1987. "Embates políticos ideológicos na crise europeia : o caso da centro-esquerda e da centro-direita no Parlamento Europeu". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279733.
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Orientador: Rachel MeneguelloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar os posicionamentos partidários das duas maiores agremiações e grupos transnacionais do Parlamento Europeu em relação à crise europeia, que se refletiu na área econômica, financeira, social e de emprego, no período entre 2009 e 2011. Para isto, esta dissertação analisou os programas partidários do S&D e do PPE-DC e seus documentos produzidos em quatro comissões do Parlamento Europeu. A principal conclusão dessa dissertação é que a ideologia foi importante para definir posicionamentos observados no âmbito das agremiações transnacionais. A partir desta descoberta, identificou-se também que a agremiação transnacional de esquerda e seu respectivo grupo no Parlamento Europeu produziram respostas políticas relacionadas a elementos da Terceira Via. Com referência à direita, descobriu-se que ainda persiste a defesa de políticas neoliberais. Outro achado importante foi que embora ambos os grupos apresentassem respostas e soluções diferenciadas para a crise, votaram em conjunto em muitos relatórios finais, mostrando que em âmbito transnacional os grupos tendem a cooperar mais do que competir
Abstract: This research aims to demonstrate the party positions of the two major parties and transnational groups in the European Parliament in relation to the European crisis, which was reflected in the economic, financial, social and employment areas in the period between 2009 and 2011. To this end, this dissertation analyzed the party programs of the S&D and EPP-CD and their documents produced in four Parliamentary Committees of the European Parliament. The main conclusion is that the ideology was important to define positions observed in the context of transnational parties. From this finding, we also identified that the transnational leftist party and its respective group party in the EP produced political responses related to elements of the Third Way. In regards the right wing, it still defends neoliberal responses to the crisis. Another important finding was that although both groups presented different answers and solutions to the crisis, they voted together on many final reports, showing that at transnational dimension they tend to cooperate more than compete
Mestrado
Ciencia Politica
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Tomíšek, Jakub. "Přímé zahraniční investice z Korejské republiky do zemí EU (zejména do ČE, Polska, Slovenska a Maďarska)". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4302.
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Presented thesis is focused on the nature of Korean direct investments in European Union, especially in the new central European member states (The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The major task of thesis is to clarify, which Korean companies invest in central Europe and why do these companies locate their investments in new member states. Additionally, character of existing investments is analyzed. Thesis is divided into three main parts. Firstly, the explanation of development of Korean multinationals is provided. The main question of second part is why Korean multinationals invest in Europe and what the impact of European economic integration is. In the third part, distribution of Korean investments in central Europe is demonstrated. Both the nature of foreign direct investments and the effect of economic integration are analyzed from theoretical perspective first. Subsequently, theoretical concepts are applied on real data. Answer to all three main questions (which, why and how) will provide insight into future development of Korean direct investments in central Europe (middle- and long-term perspective).
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Smith, Julie. "Direct elections to the European Parliament : a reevaluation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308892.
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