Tesis: "European scale"

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Szenasi, Barbara. "Atmospheric monitoring of the CH4 emissions at the European scale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ006.

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Les concentrations atmosphériques de gaz à effet de serre ont rapidement augmenté depuis la révolution industrielle, principalement en raison des activités anthropiques. Les études menées au cours des dernières décennies ont principalement porté sur le dioxyde de carbone (CO2), qui est le principal responsable de la croissance du forçage radiatif mondial. Récemment, le méthane (CH4), deuxième contributeur le plus important, a fait l'objet d'une attention scientifique croissante car il présente un important potentiel d'atténuation. En raison de sa durée de vie relativement courte (8 à 10 ans), les efforts d'atténuation peuvent être efficaces dans des délais relativement courts. Toutefois, les estimations actuelles des émissions de CH4 à l'échelle mondiale et régionale sont très incertaines. Cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension des émissions de CH4 à l'échelle européenne en abordant les différentes sources d'incertitudes.Cette thèse présente le potentiel de réduction de l'incertitude des émissions par des inversions atmosphériques descendantes des émissions de méthane. Les émissions estimées par des approches descendantes dépendent de la performance des modèles de chimie-transport (MCT) et de la précision des mesures. Le potentiel des approches descendantes dans notre cadre des émissions de CH4 en Europe est exploré par trois études, chacune se concentrant sur différentes sources d'incertitudes qui doivent être spécifiées dans les inversions atmosphériques.Dans la première étude, nous nous concentrons sur les performances de la MCT choisie en évaluant les erreurs dans la modélisation des transports et les émissions utilisées comme intrants dans la MCT. La deuxième étude cible d'autres causes possibles d'inadéquation entre les concentrations atmosphériques de CH4 mesurées et simulées, ainsi que les rapports isotopiques atmosphériques de δ13C et δ2H. Entre autres, nous analysons si les inadéquations peuvent être associées aux signatures isotopiques des sources ou aux émissions utilisées ensemble comme données d'entrée dans le modèle de transport. Ces travaux démontrent que les informations obtenues à partir de mesures isotopiques, en plus des mesures des concentrations de CH4, peuvent être utiles pour évaluer les inventaires d'émissions et estimer les émissions par inversion atmosphérique.Le potentiel des mesures de δ13C et δ2H dans les inversions atmosphériques est étudié en déterminant la précision de l'instrument nécessaire pour détecter les signaux de δ13C et δ2H provenant de diverses sources de CH4. Cette précision est examinée à l'emplacement des sites de surveillance du réseau du système intégré d'observation du carbone (ICOS). Nos résultats indiquent des exigences de haute précision pour les instruments de mesure de δ13C et δ2H. Cependant, ils révèlent que les informations isotopiques, en plus des concentrations, pourraient améliorer la discrimination des sources de CH4 lorsqu'elles sont mises en œuvre dans les inversions atmosphériques des émissions de CH4. Les travaux de cette thèse offrent des aperçus sur la manière dont les cadres d'inversion pourraient être configurés et sur les éléments essentiels pour estimer de manière fiable les émissions de CH4 à l'échelle européenne Atmospheric mixing ratios of greenhouse gases have rapidly increased since the industrial revolution, mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Studies in the past decades have primarily targeted carbon dioxide (CO2), being the largest contributor to the global radiative forcing growth. Recently, the second largest contributor, methane (CH4), has received increasing scientific attention as it has a large mitigation potential. Due to its relatively short life-time of 8-10 years, mitigation efforts can be effective within relatively short time ranges. However, current estimates of CH4 emissions at both the global and regional scales are highly uncertain. This thesis aims at improving our understanding of CH4 emissions at the European scale by addressing various sources of uncertainties.This thesis presents the potential of emission uncertainty reduction by top-down atmospheric inversions of methane emissions. Emissions estimated by top-down approaches depend on the performance of chemistry-transport models (CTMs) and the precision of measurements. The potential of top-down approaches in our framework of CH4 emissions in Europe is explored by three studies, each focusing on different sources of uncertainties that must be specified in atmospheric inversions.In the first study, we focus on the performance of the chosen CTM by assessing errors in transport modelling and emissions used as input in the CTM. The second study targets other possible causes for misfits between measured and simulated atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios, as well as isotopic ratios δ13C and δ2H. Among others, we analyse whether misfits can be associated with isotopic source signatures or emissions used together as input in the transport model. This work demonstrates that information gained from isotopic measurements, in addition to measurements of CH4 mixing ratios, can be valuable for evaluating emission inventories and estimating emissions by atmospheric inversions.The potential of δ13C and δ2H measurements in atmospheric inversions is investigated by determining the instrument precision needed to detect signals of δ13C and δ2H from various CH4 sources. This is examined at the location of monitoring sites in the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network. Our results indicate high precision requirements on instruments measuring δ13C and δ2H. However, they reveal that isotopic information, on top of mixing ratios, could improve discrimination of CH4 sources when implemented in atmospheric inversions of CH4 emissions. The work in this thesis offers insights into how inversion frameworks could be configured and what are the essentials to reliably estimate CH4 emissions at the European scale

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Brickhill, Daisy. "Small-scale spatial variation in demography of the European starling Sturnus vulgaris." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201726.

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Quantifying the pattern and magnitude of spatio-temporal variation in demography, and identifying underlying causes, is key to understanding population dynamics. Using long-term, spatially-explicit data from a small population of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) on Fair Isle, Scotland, I quantified spatio-temporal variation in demography and investigated its underlying mechanisms. I objectively described the population’s physical structure and hence defined spatial clusters of nest sites at multiple spatial scales. I quantified spatio-temporal variation in reproductive success and survival, across clusters and years. I explicitly included multiple broods in these analyses, examining their effects on variation in reproductive success and pre-breeding survival. My results demonstrate substantial small-scale spatial variation in both reproductive success and adult survival, contesting the common assumption that demography will be spatially homogeneous at small scales within populations that lack obvious subdivision. The inclusion of second broods had a substantial effect on spatio-temporal variation in reproductive success, however, the pre-breeding survival of second-brood individuals was so low that ultimately they may not have a large effect on population dynamics. I quantified dispersal movements of colour-ringed individuals, demonstrating that individuals breed significantly closer to their natal site than expected under random settlement. Individuals that left their natal cluster to breed moved to less productive clusters more than expected, and the difference in productivity between natal and breeding clusters did not vary with the number of available nest sites in the breeding year. The absence of nest-site availability effect suggests such patterns are consistent with source-sink dynamics, rather than site-dependent population regulation. Finally, I quantified the effect of grassland availability on demographic variation, since reduction in grassland is postulated to be a major factor in starling decline across Europe. However, there was no significant effect of the proportion of grassland surrounding the nest site on reproductive success or subsequent survival.

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Pál, Tamás. "Perspectives for mini-scale ORCpower plants coupled with internal combustion engines in the European Union." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216148.

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4

Adams, Marshall Alhassan. "Analysis of European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade Efficacy: A Multi-Scale Perspective." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch159006012650338.

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Walkup, Jessica A. "Small scale genetic and morphological structure in an island population of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203387.

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Variation in morphology and genotype among individuals of the same species occurs almost everywhere in the natural world. Such variation underlies natural selection and any resulting evolution, and therefore needs to be quantified in order to predict and understand phenotypic and evolutionary dynamics. Where morphology or genotype vary non-randomly in space, structured spatial variation can arise. Such spatial variation can arise from, and cause, further evolutionary processes including local adaptation and speciation. Here, I quantify spatial variation in neutral genetics and morphology, and in selection on morphology, occurring at a very small spatial scale within a single population of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) resident to the Island of Fair Isle. I demonstrate weak but statistically significant genetic structure in microsatellite loci by FST comparison but that similar structure is not supported by Bayesian cluster analysis. I also show significant genetic structure between populations of starlings within the UK from England, Scotland, Colonsay, Orkney and Shetland, and show that there are two main genetic clusters supported by Bayesian cluster analysis. I show there are significant differences in weight, tarsus lengths, bill lengths, bill size and, body condition among three, spatially proximate, spatial areas within Fair Isle thereby demonstrating significant small-scale spatial variation in morphology within this island population Using capture mark recapture analysis to estimate survival probabilities I evidence the occurrence of stabilizing selection on weight and disruptive selection on tarsus length in starlings but find no evidence that selection on morphology differed between sexes or among areas within Fair Isle. I conclude that small scale spatial variation in morphology and neutral genetics can occur on small spatial scales even in species with high potential mobility and where there are no distinct differences in environment and movement is not physically inhibited.

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Owen, Jennifer S. R. "A dynamical perspective on predictions of severe European cyclones : the role of large-scale conditions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8181/.

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Severe windstorms regularly inflict damage throughout Europe. This research examines a set of 31 midlatitude cyclones, investigating each in depth but encompassing a wide variety of such storms. The set is selected using the Storm Severity Index, and categorised using two methods. The first method is based on the relationship between the storm and the jet stream. Four groups emerge: storms that move along the edge of the jet; that cross the jet stream early; that cross later; or have a split jet. The second method is based on the Pressure Tendency Equation. This establishes whether horizontal temperature advection or diabatic processes dominate during storm development. These two approaches are linked: storms in the first two jet groups tend to be driven by horizontal temperature advection, and the other two groups by diabatic processes. This work then studies the storms’ forecast quality and spread using ECMWF data. It finds that storm intensity tends to be under-forecast, the forecast storms move too slowly and are too far south. Forecast quality improves and spread decreases earlier in storms that cross the jet early, compared to those that cross later, suggesting a link between jet interaction and forecast error. Storms where horizontal temperature advection dominates are on average less well forecast than their diabatic counterparts, but diabatically driven storms tend to have greater forecast spread. Finally, this study proposes metrics for storm-prone situations, examining the configuration of the atmosphere prior to the development of the storms. These describe a variety of key factors for cyclogenesis, such as baroclinicity, barotropicity and moist stability. Of the 31 storms, 29 are associated with a value greater than the 98th percentile of one or more metrics. There is a large overlap between storms where baroclinicity is strong and those where horizontal temperature advection dominates the deepening, confirming that the two approaches are dynamically linked. This relationship between the storms, the dynamics, and the metrics will allow future work to identify sources of uncertainty in modelling severe European windstorms.

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7

Henriot, Arthur. "Economics of intermittent renewable energy sources : four essays on large-scale integration into European power systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018509.

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This thesis centres on issues of economic efficiency originating from the large-scale development of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe. The flexible resources that are necessary to cope with their specificities (variability, low-predictability, site specificity) are already known, but adequate signals are required to foster efficient operation and investment in these resources. A first question is to what extent intermittent RES can remain out of the market at times when they are the main driver of investment and operation in power systems. A second question is whether the current market design is adapted to their specificities. These two questions are tackled in four distinct contributions.The first chapter is a critical literature review. This analysis introduces and confronts two (often implicit) paradigms for RES integration. It then identifies and discusses a set of evolutions required to develop a market design adapted to the large-scale development of RES, such as new definitions of the products exchanged and reorganisation of the sequence of electricity markets.In the second chapter, an analytical model is used to assess the potential of intraday markets as a flexibility provider to intermittent RES with low production predictability. This study highlights and demonstrates how the potential of intraday markets is heavily dependent on the evolution of the forecast errors.The third chapter focuses on the benefits of curtailing the production by intermittent RES, as a tool to smooth out their variability and reduce overall generation costs. Another analytical model is employed to anatomize the relationship between these benefits and a set of pivotal parameters. Special attention is also paid to the allocation of these benefits between the different stakeholders.In the fourth chapter, a numerical simulation is used to evaluate the ability of the European transmission system operators to tackle the investment wave required in order to manage the production of intermittent RES. Alternative financing strategies are then assessed. The findings reveal that under the current trend of tariffs, the volumes of investment forecasted will be highly challenging for transmission system operators.

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Griffin, Liza. "Good governance, scale & power in the European Union : a case study of North Sea Fisheries." Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446287.

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9

Verdelocco, Stefania. "Modelling potential vulnerability of soils at European and regional scale : linking EUSES to geo-referenced data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189404.

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The main aim of this thesis is to develop an integrated approach that can be used to evaluate or support policy and management decisions for potentially vulnerable areas in Europe. The EUSES (European System for the Evaluation of Substances) model was selected for this work. The methodology is based in the adaptation of the models contained in EUSES to use more realistic regional environmental data. The thesis aims to extend the current functionality of EUSES by providing users with the means of visualising and understanding the spatial component of the risk associated with a particular substance. The development environment for this approach is the ESRI ArcView GIS software and associated modules. EUSES was reimplemented in Excel to understand all the equations of the model. In order to understand the drivers of the model, screenings experiments were performed. As a result a set of graphs showing the relationship between the parameter considered and the outputs of the model was produced. A further stage focused on linking EUSES to GIS adding a spatial component. From available datasets the main drivers of the model were extracted. Using ArcView GIS and ArcView Spatial Analyst, these data were overlayed and processed to obtain GIS maps of Europe at different scales. On the basis of the screening experiments, a set of mathematical equations were extrapolated and used to perform new computations to calculate the variation of the regional PECs due to changing in different parameters. These new computations were certificated with EUSES and a very good correspondence was found. These new computations were used in ArcView GIS; as a result a set of GIS maps were created showing potential vulnerable areas at different scales. This approach was also used to perform some scenario analyses useful to assess the impact of changing conditions on PEC values.

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Wu, Yuanyuan. "HADOOP-EDF: LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNAL DATA IN HADOOP MAPREDUCE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cs_etds/88.

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The rapidly growing volume of electrophysiological signals has been generated for clinical research in neurological disorders. European Data Format (EDF) is a standard format for storing electrophysiological signals. However, the bottleneck of existing signal analysis tools for handling large-scale datasets is the sequential way of loading large EDF files before performing an analysis. To overcome this, we develop Hadoop-EDF, a distributed signal processing tool to load EDF data in a parallel manner using Hadoop MapReduce. Hadoop-EDF uses a robust data partition algorithm making EDF data parallel processable. We evaluate Hadoop-EDF’s scalability and performance by leveraging two datasets from the National Sleep Research Resource and running experiments on Amazon Web Service clusters. The performance of Hadoop-EDF on a 20-node cluster improves 27 times and 47 times than sequential processing of 200 small-size files and 200 large-size files, respectively. The results demonstrate that Hadoop-EDF is more suitable and effective in processing large EDF files.

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11

Pietrowiak, Annett. "European payment instruments." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150371.

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This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment costs to society. So far, the institutional environment, as potential important influence on the payment instrument mix, has not been focused on in the literature. Therefore, particular emphasis is laid on the empirical analysis of the impact of institutional factors on the share of card payments on consumer spending at the point of sale (POS). For this, a unique panel data set is constructed covering the eight most important European payment markets ranked by non-cash transaction volumes. The empirical results allow formulating conditions necessary to achieve a more efficient payment mix. They also form a basis for the assessment of related policy measures with a focus on the SEPA project in terms of their efficiency enhancing effect. Future research could possibly build upon the panel data collected.

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12

Dukes, Matthea Johanna Meijnouda. "Place, positioning and European urban policy discourse examples of politics of scale in 'Brussels' and the Netherlands /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/39994.

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Duarte, Gonçalo Filipe Fernandes. "Ghost of diadromous fish past: streamlining research on diadromous fish species using historical data at european scale." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18329.

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Doutoramento em Restauro e Gestão Fluviais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Arquitetura / Instituto Superior Técnico The decline of diadromous fish species has been occurring at least since the beginning of the 20th century. In this thesis, multiple European databases on the historical distribution of diadromous fish were consulted and, acknowledging the lack of data for Portugal, the first database of Portuguese historical data for freshwater fish was created. The existence of multiple databases with distinct geographical coverage and data at different spatial scales lead to the development of an historical data framework able to deal with the limitations of historical data. Its output is a reliable and geographically broad dataset of diadromous species occurrence at the beginning of the 20th century at three spatial scales: basin, sub-basin and segment. Also, a software was developed to facilitate the acquisition of environmental and riverscape variables that can be linked with the data at the three scales. Longitudinal connectivity impairment, climate change and land use alterations are some of the most significant threats to diadromous fish species. The influence of these threats was studied performing a spatial and temporal analysis of the longitudinal connectivity impairment by large dams and, modelling the distribution of diadromous fish at the beginning of the 20th century using climate and land use variables. The longitudinal connectivity impairment of the European freshwater networks became widespread in the second half of the 20th century, and is currently more impactful for populations from basins in southern Europe. The distribution of diadromous fish species is mainly affected by climate, though the effects of land use close to river mouths may be relevant since these are critical passage and entry points for the remaining network. The framework and the software developed were key to achieve the scientific knowledge presented, and more importantly, these can be established as the structural basis for future research on diadromous fish species N/A

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14

Altunbas, Yener. "Economies of scale, economies of scope and the cost implications of hypothetical bank mergers in European banking." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/economies-of-scale-economies-of-scope-and-the-cost-implications-of-hypothetical-bank-mergers-in-european-banking(0547cd98-0d6e-4c95-8a93-301d40b7b7ac).html.

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The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate evidence of economies of scale and scope in various European banking markets. The thesis has also examined the cost implications from hypothetical bank mergers both within the French, German, Italian and Spanish banking markets and cross-border in the EU. The analysis has been prompted by claims that substantial cost savings could be expected as the result of the EU's single market programme in the banking area. Economies of scale and scope, a substantial part of industrial organisations literature, have been widely examined in the US banking system, although little empirical work to date has been undertaken on European banking markets. This thesis aimed to rectify this imbalance in the literature by providing a detailed, in-depth and original analysis of scale and scope economies as well as investigating the cost implications of hypothetical bank mergers. Overall, the results suggest noticeable differences in cost characteristics across European banking markets and strong evidence of economies of scale and scope at the plant (or branch) level in all but the Spanish market. Cost savings appear to occur mainly through the increased average size of established banks' branches rather than through adding new branches. The findings appear to indicate that scale and scope economies will be important in generating economic gains to EU banking markets under the Single Market programme. The evidence from hypothetical mergers within the individual domestic banking markets appears to be that mergers between large banks can generate substantial cost savings or increases depending on the particular merger partners. In general, the results indicate that opportunities for cost saving mergers seem to be greater in Germany and Spain than in the French and Italian banking markets. The prospects for cost saving big-bank mergers in Italy, appear to be limited. The selective results for the hypothetical mergers between the 20 largest banks within domestic banking markets imply that substantial cost savings can be generated from mergers between top commercial banks in Germany. For the Italian banking market, the analyses shows that the majority of hypothetical mergers indicate an increase in predicted total costs. Moreover, the findings from Spain and France are less clear-cut. The evidence from our analysis of hypothetical cross-border mergers in the EU indicates only limited opportunities for costs saving from big bank mergers and that such mergers are more likely to result in an increase in total costs.

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15

Müller, Christin [Verfasser]. "Isotope patterns to trace large scale nitrogen fluxes and flow dynamics in a European river catchment / Christin Müller." Halle, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162134321/34.

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16

Hill, Terence Charles. "Geochemical evidence for weathering in northwestern European loess on a sub-millenial scale during the last Ice Age." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2005. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3143/.

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This study seeks to determine the extent to which chemostratigraphy can supplement other stratigraphic tools in determining the effects of climate change in loess-palaeosol sequences. Geochemical change has been used to illuminate the effects of glacial/interglacial climate change in Chinese loess-palaeosol sequences; less work has been done to examine the effects of stadial/interstadial climate change and little work has been carried out in Europe on either aspect. Two loess-palaeosol sites were selected in northwestern Europe that were known to provide good records of the last ice age. This study has produced detailed descriptions of variation in concentrations of the major, minor and rare-earth elements. These are compared with variation in the standard sedimentological parameters (grain size, organic carbon content and carbonate content) and in enviromagnetic characteristics, which are accepted as palaeoclimate proxies. The existing polymineral-based luminescence chronology at each site has been enhanced using a quartz-based approach,which broadly confirms the accuracy of previous ages and generates estimates of increased precision. That chronology facilitates comparison of these analyses with evidence for palaeoclimatic: change in the wider record, including GRIP ice-core data. Grain size is shown to be a strong proxy for variation in mean wind strength and in accumulation rates which can be correlated in detail with GRIP. The study has established that geochemical heterogeneity now apparent at the sites has been imposed by weathering. Carbonate weathering is a reliable indication of major pedogenic episodes but its detailed interpretation is tempered by carbonate mobility. Silicate weathering occurs at lower intensity than carbonate weathering but is a permanent record since silicates are not subject to reprecipitation under these conditions. The study concludes that chemostratigraphy is a climatological proxy, detecting periods of significant amelioration. It is not a replacement for conventional proxies, it complements them and provides additional evidence upon which climatic reconstructions can be made.

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Polo, Fabio Paolo <1984&gt. "The influence of climate variability on chemical composition of European wines : a regional scale study (Italy and Slovenia)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8327.

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The Earth’s average climate is changing: changes in global and local temperatures are modifying weather patterns, with a number of effects including an increased vulnerability of regions, economic sectors and communities. The relation between climatic conditions and yield is well known in agriculture. So is the wide range of relationships between climatic elements and the quality of the yield. Moreover, the quality of wine is strictly related to the influence of weather conditions in the different years. This project combined two kinds of analysis, namely ICP-MS and IRMS and mainly used to detect possible adulterations and geographical provenance of food, to explore the variability of chemical composition of wines in relation to the climate conditions. The results evidenced that these techniques are useful to correlate the different weather conditions in the regions where wine was produced to the chemical composition.

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MATACENA, RAFFAELE. "Exploring the production side: Small scale food producers and alternative food networks in European urban contexts Raffaele Matacena." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241153.

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L’applicazione di modelli industriali intensivi alla produzione e alla distribuzione degli alimenti e la liberalizzazione degli scambi sui mercati internazionali hanno portato alla costituzione di un mercato globale del cibo ad alta intensità di capitale e fortemente concentrato, in cui evidenti squilibri di potere concedono enormi capacità direzionali e decisionali a un numero ristretto di grandi player internazionali. Ciò ha generato gravi esternalità che hanno provocato un impatto sulla vita umana, sociale ed ecosistemica, rendendo manifesta la necessità di un processo di re-interiorizzazione dei processi economici legati alla produzione, alla distribuzione e al consumo di cibo entro schemi sociali e ambientali in grado di proteggere le risorse (umane, culturali, sociali, economiche ed ecosistemiche) mobilizzate dalla filiera agro-alimentare. In questo quadro critico, assistiamo ormai da alcuni anni alla nascita e al consolidamento di strutture organizzative ‘dal basso’ che mirano alla re-incorporazione (intesa come ‘ri-socializzazione’ e ‘ri-localizzazione’) delle pratiche di produzione, distribuzione e consumo di cibo entro sistemi sostenibili e locali. Si tratta di quelli che nella letteratura internazionale sono denominati alternative food networks (AFNs), ossia schemi organizzativi di filiera alimentare che puntano alla creazione di circuiti corti di ri-valorizzazione delle produzioni locali, tradizionali e sostenibili, con la promessa di potenziare l’accesso a cibi sani, nutrizionalmente adeguati ed eticamente corretti, ed al contempo costruire un’alternativa viabile alle strutture produttiviste e predatorie del capitalismo attuale. Negli ultimi due decenni, un imponente sforzo di ricerca ha permesso la creazione di una robusta letteratura sui fenomeni di ri-localizzazione e sugli alternative food networks. Molte analisi hanno avuto ad oggetto la transizione dei modelli di consumo verso la riscoperta delle produzioni locali o etiche, o altrettanto si sono occupate dei presupposti valoriali, ideologici e relazionali di funzionamento dei network e delle economie alternative, analizzando queste reti in termini di innovazione sociale o driver di sviluppo rurale. Rimane tuttavia relativamente poco esplorata la componente produttiva, ossia l’arcipelago produttivo-imprenditoriale che viene mobilizzato da queste reti e che in esse trova un nuovo centro di gravità. Il mio studio vuole inserirsi proprio in questo solco, e tentare di avanzare la conoscenza del mondo sociale ed economico dei piccoli produttori alimentari che vendono i loro prodotti attraverso i circuiti commerciali stabiliti dagli AFN nella città di Milano e, in un’ottica comparativa, nelle città di Manchester e Lancaster nel Nord Ovest dell’Inghilterra. Attraverso metodi qualitativi, dunque, si cercherà di fornire un’interpretazione della realtà dei produttori ‘alternativi’ nei due territori. L’obiettivo è di mettere in evidenza le loro identità e le loro storie, le loro rappresentazioni dei problemi del sistema alimentare e le strategie per venirne a capo, i requisiti, le logiche e i meccanismi d’azione che definiscono e rendono possibile la partecipazione a un AFN, l’insieme di riferimenti valoriali e ideologici che ispirano la loro azione, le opportunità, i punti critici e gli ostacoli che minacciano il proprio sviluppo personale-imprenditoriale e quello degli AFN stessi. Indagando l’habitus di questo campo emergente e le operazioni dei suoi attori, dunque, si tenterà di oggettivare la presenza e le pratiche dei ‘nuovi’ produttori alimentari e le modalità di ‘demercificazione’ tramite le quali le loro attività sono reintegrate entro un sistema innovativo di relazioni sociali. The food system crisis and the urgent need to develop a different socio-economic model for the organization of food production and consumption practices are analytical constructs about which a growing scientific consensus is coupled with increasing media attention. The application of intensive industrial models in food production and distribution together with ever growing liberalization of exchanges in international markets have spurred the development of a highly-concentrated and capital-intensive global food market, in which prominent power imbalances grant immense directional and decisional leadership to a restricted number of big international players. This type of food chain management has shown a marked incapacity to satisfy the requirements of sustainability, thus calling for a reform process which aims to re-internalize the economic processes linked to production, distribution and consumption of food within social and environmental frameworks able to protect the (human, cultural, social, economic, and ecosystem) resources which are mobilized by the agri-food chain. In this critical scenario, in the last years we have been witnessing the construction and consolidation of new ‘grassroots’ organizational structures, aiming at re-embedding (through processes of ‘re-socialization’ and ‘re-localization’) food production, distribution and consumption practices within the frame of local and sustainable systems. These initiatives have been labeled as alternative food networks (AFNs): they are food chain organizational schemes setting up and managing short circuits to re-valorize local, traditional and sustainable productions. They are seen as carrying a promise of facilitating access to healthy, nutritionally-adequate and ethically correct foods, while providing an opportunity to revive the local rural fabric by building a viable alternative to the productivist structures of current capitalism and to the predatory relationships inherent in them. In the last two decades, a great effort in research has brought about robust literature on the phenomena of re-localization and on AFNs. Many analysts have focused on the transition of consumption models towards the re-discovery of local or ethical production and others have concentrated on the values, ideologies and relations underlying the building and working of networks and alternative economies. However, the productive component of these networks remains relatively unexplored, i. e. the productive-entrepreneurial archipelago which is mobilized by these networks and which finds in them a new center of gravity. My study aims to occupy this field, and attempts to advance the knowledge of the social and economic world of small food producers selling their products through AFNs-related commercial circuits in and around the city of Milan and, in a comparative perspective, in the cities of Manchester, Lancaster and the whole region of the North-West of England. By employing qualitative methods, then, this thesis tries to provide an interpretation of the reality of ‘alternative' producers in these two cities. The objective is to bring out their identity and their story, their representations of the problems affecting the food system and their personal strategies to cope with them, plus the requirements, logics and mechanisms of action which define the participation to an AFN and make it possible. I tried to analyze the set of values and ideological references inspiring their actions, their opportunities, and the critical points and obstacles which threaten their development and that of the AFNs themselves. By investigating the habitus of this emerging field and the operations of its players, my attempt is to objectify the presence and practices of these ‘new’ food producers, along with the corresponding ‘de-commodification’ modalities with which their activities are re-integrated within an innovative system of social relations.

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19

Marrec, Pierre. "Dynamics of the carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in western European shelf waters : a multi-scale approach." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066656/document.

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L'augmentation continue des concentrations atmosphériques de CO2 due aux activités anthropogéniques est un des principaux facteurs responsable du changement climatique. De par leur forte propension à stocker ce CO2 anthropogénique, les océans jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cycle global du carbone. La quantification des échanges air-mer de CO2 et de leur variabilité à diverses échelles spatio-temporelles représentent encore aujourd'hui un défi majeur dans l'étude du cycle global du carbone. Alors que les flux air-mer de CO2 sont relativement bien quantifiés en milieu océanique, les études réalisées en milieu marin côtier demeurent insuffisantes au regard de l'importante variabilité spatio-temporelle de ces échanges et de la diversité de ces écosystèmes. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mener une étude approfondie de la dynamique du système des carbonates et des échanges air-mer de CO2 à de multiples échelles spatio-temporelles au sein des écosystèmes contrastés du plateau continental nord-ouest européen. Ces systèmes particulièrement dynamiques d'un point de vue biogéochimique présentent l'avantage d'être représentatifs des principales structures hydrographiques des marges continentales tempérés. A ce jour, les études portant sur la dynamique du CO2 dans les eaux de la partie occidentale du plateau continental nord-ouest européen restent peu nombreuses. Du cycle diurne à une échelle multi-annuelle, d'une station fixe au large de Roscoff au plateau continental nord-ouest européen, et d'échantillons d'eau de mer à des données satellitaires, cette thèse offre un aperçu exhaustif de la complexité de la dynamique du système des carbonates et des flux air-mer de CO2 en milieu côtier The raise of atmospheric CO2 due to anthropogenic activities is a major driver of the climate change. The ocean plays a key role in the uptake of this anthropogenic CO2. The constraint of air–sea CO2 fluxes and their variability at various time and spatial levels remain a central task in global carbon cycle and climate studies. The contribution of open ocean to this uptake is presently rather well quantified, whereas the role of the coastal ocean to this process remains ambiguous due to the diversity and the high spatio-temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in these ecosystems. This PhD thesis investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in contrasted ecosystems of the north-west European continental shelf. These highly dynamic biogeochemical ecosystems host numerous key hydrographical structures (permanently well-mixed, seasonally stratified, frontal structures, estuarine) of temperate zones, in which the dynamic of the CO2 system were poorly documented. From tidal to multi-annual variability, from a fixed station off Roscoff to the north-west European continental shelf and from seawater samples to satellite data, this PhD thesis provides an integrative overview of the complexity of the CO2 system dynamics in coastal seas and the ongoing challenges to achieve

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20

Sharples, Colin M. "Large- and small-scale factors influencing the population ecology of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus L., in southern Spain." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309906.

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21

Marrec, Pierre. "Dynamics of the carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in western European shelf waters : a multi-scale approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066656.pdf.

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L'augmentation continue des concentrations atmosphériques de CO2 due aux activités anthropogéniques est un des principaux facteurs responsable du changement climatique. De par leur forte propension à stocker ce CO2 anthropogénique, les océans jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cycle global du carbone. La quantification des échanges air-mer de CO2 et de leur variabilité à diverses échelles spatio-temporelles représentent encore aujourd'hui un défi majeur dans l'étude du cycle global du carbone. Alors que les flux air-mer de CO2 sont relativement bien quantifiés en milieu océanique, les études réalisées en milieu marin côtier demeurent insuffisantes au regard de l'importante variabilité spatio-temporelle de ces échanges et de la diversité de ces écosystèmes. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mener une étude approfondie de la dynamique du système des carbonates et des échanges air-mer de CO2 à de multiples échelles spatio-temporelles au sein des écosystèmes contrastés du plateau continental nord-ouest européen. Ces systèmes particulièrement dynamiques d'un point de vue biogéochimique présentent l'avantage d'être représentatifs des principales structures hydrographiques des marges continentales tempérés. A ce jour, les études portant sur la dynamique du CO2 dans les eaux de la partie occidentale du plateau continental nord-ouest européen restent peu nombreuses. Du cycle diurne à une échelle multi-annuelle, d'une station fixe au large de Roscoff au plateau continental nord-ouest européen, et d'échantillons d'eau de mer à des données satellitaires, cette thèse offre un aperçu exhaustif de la complexité de la dynamique du système des carbonates et des flux air-mer de CO2 en milieu côtier The raise of atmospheric CO2 due to anthropogenic activities is a major driver of the climate change. The ocean plays a key role in the uptake of this anthropogenic CO2. The constraint of air–sea CO2 fluxes and their variability at various time and spatial levels remain a central task in global carbon cycle and climate studies. The contribution of open ocean to this uptake is presently rather well quantified, whereas the role of the coastal ocean to this process remains ambiguous due to the diversity and the high spatio-temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in these ecosystems. This PhD thesis investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in contrasted ecosystems of the north-west European continental shelf. These highly dynamic biogeochemical ecosystems host numerous key hydrographical structures (permanently well-mixed, seasonally stratified, frontal structures, estuarine) of temperate zones, in which the dynamic of the CO2 system were poorly documented. From tidal to multi-annual variability, from a fixed station off Roscoff to the north-west European continental shelf and from seawater samples to satellite data, this PhD thesis provides an integrative overview of the complexity of the CO2 system dynamics in coastal seas and the ongoing challenges to achieve

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22

Hagenfeld, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Interfaces between second language acquisition and the common European framework of reference : proposing a scale for grammatical range / Katharina Hagenfeld." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118783033X/34.

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23

Smith, Daniel John. "The challenge of creating sustainable development processes for large scale urban regeneration projects : exploring different experiences in major European cities." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5741/.

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This research investigates what type of actors and organisations are involved in achieving the goal of providing more sustainable high quality urban regeneration in England. The research draws on three key strands of literature including sustainable urban development, development processes and governance. The research gap is where these three strands come together. The thesis explores these issues through the use of case studies in Hafencity (Hamburg) and 22@ (Barcelona) alongside consideration of major projects in England. The main findings of the research show that the continental case studies place stronger emphasis on proactive public sector management of projects (‘positive planning’) than would normally be the case in England. The public sector is able to lead the projects for reasons including land ownership, the planning system, skills in the planning department, use of a local development agency and a more positive and collaborative approach between the public and private sectors involving the appropriate use of power, partnerships and networks. This approach permits greater emphasis to be placed on long term / sustainability issues and helps to balance public interest and private sector gain, both of which could be of interest in the context of achieving more sustainable urban regeneration in England.

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24

Hopfstock, Anja. "A User-Oriented Map Design in the SDI Environment: Using the Example of a European Reference Map at Medium Scale." Doctoral thesis, Verlag des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25665.

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The ever increasing demand of our information society for reliable Geographic Information (GI) is the moving power for the development and maintenance of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). Consequently, an SDI works to full benefit of its users if the SDI data collection is accessible and can be efficiently used by all users in spatial problem solving and decision-making. Current development and use of SDI focuses on handling geospatial data entirely by means of information technology. Thereby, low awareness seems to be paid to a user-friendly and understandable presentation of geospatial data. Based on the understanding that GI is the result of human geospatial information processing, it is argued that cartography is essential in the SDI context in order to achieve the objectives of SDI. Specifically, the thesis aimed at exploring the concept of user-oriented map design in relation to SDI and elaborating a methodology for creating effective cartographic representations for SDI relevant user types. First of all, the SDI concept, its objectives and principles are explored using the example of the current European SDI initiatives as to the human aspect of an SDI. Secondly, in order to determine the role and task of cartography in the SDI context, the conceptual framework of contemporary cartography is reviewed to provide the theoretical and technological framework for a user-oriented map design. Given this, the SDI environment is assessed in relation to cartography with respect to the services providing access to the SDI data collection. Further, an SDI map production framework is elaborated utilising Spiess’ concept of the graphic filter as a model for the transformation of SDI data into useful cartographic representations. Besides, the map design strategy by Grünreich provides the starting point for developing the process of map production. The main tasks are detailed and justified taking into consideration the semiotic-cognitive and action-related concepts underpinning contemporary cartography. The applied research encompasses a case study which is performed to implement and, thus, evaluate the proposed methodology. It starts from a use case scenario where an international spatial planning team requires getting familiar with the overall geographic characteristics of a European cross-border area. Following the process steps of user-oriented map design in the SDI environment, a map design specification is elaborated and implemented under real world conditions. The elaborated methodology for creating user-friendly and understandable cartographic representations of geospatial data in the SDI environment is based on theoretical and technological foundation of contemporary cartography. Map design in the SDI context, first of all, means to establish a graphic filter that determines the parameters and rules of the cartographic transformation process to be applied. As both an applied art and engineering the design of the graphic filter is a creative process developing a map design solution which enables SDI users to easily produce their map. It requires on the one hand an understanding of map use, map user and map use situation, and on the other hand insight into the data used as the source. The case study proves that the elaborated methodology is practicable and functional. Cartographic reverse engineering provides a systematic and pragmatic approach to the cartographic design task. This way, map design solutions can be built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions as suggested by the INSPIRE recommendation for portrayal. The resulting design solution constitutes a prototype of a European Reference Map at medium scale built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions. A user-friendly, understandable and comparable presentation of geospatial data in Europe would support the human and institutional potential for cross-border cooperation and collaboration. Besides that, the test implementation shows that tools are available which make it technically feasible and viable to produce a map from geospatial data in the SDI data collection. The research project raises awareness to the human aspect of SDI inherit in its objective to support end users to derive GI and knowledge from the geospatial data gathered in the SDI data collection. The role and task of cartography in the SDI context is to contribute to the initiation, creation, and maintenance of portrayal services to facilitate a comprehensive access to the underlying geospatial data by means of a user-friendly and understandable graphic interface. For cartography to take effect in the SDI development and use, cartographic design knowledge has to be made explicit and operational. It is the responsibility of cartographic professionals to prepare the map design. The wide range of map use contexts requires a great flexibility of design variants depending on the dimension of human-map interaction. Therefore, the design of the maps needs to be user-driven to enable an efficient map use in the user’s task. Besides their function as a graphic interface, maps facilitate a common understanding of the depicted geographic features and phenomena when sharing GI between SDI users. In other words, map design can be regarded a measure to establish interoperability of geospatial data beyond the technical level. The research work is in the scope of communication cartography, a research domain seeking to deepen the understanding of the role of cartographic expressions when understanding and communication of GI is involved. Der wachsende Bedarf unserer Wissensgesellschaft an zuverlässigen Informationen über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte ist die treibende Kraft bei Aufbau und Einsatz von Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI). Eine Geodateninfrastruktur wirkt zum vollen Nutzen der Gesellschaft, wenn die Daten in der GDI zugänglich sind und effektiv für Erkenntnis- und Entscheidungsprozesse genutzt werden können. Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung von GDI setzt auf moderne Informationstechnologien bei der Geodatenverarbeitung. Dabei, wird einer bedarfsgerechten und nutzerfreundlichen Präsentation von Geodaten in ansprechender visueller Form wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Da Geoinformation erst durch die Interaktion des Nutzers mit den Geodaten entsteht, ist es Aufgabe der Kartographie, bedarfsgerechte Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten und an der Schnittstelle zwischen einer Geodateninfrastruktur und ihren Nutzern bereitzustellen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, eine Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in einer GDI-Umgebung zu entwickeln und beispielhaft zu erproben. Zunächst, werden Konzept, Ziele und Prinzipien von Geodateninfrastruktur beispielhaft anhand der Europäischen GDI-Initiativen dargestellt und hinsichtlich des Bedarfs an kartographischen Darstellungen untersucht. Danach wird, ausgehend von der Forderung nach verständlichen und gut interpretierbaren Geoinformationen, die Rolle der Kartographie im GDI-Kontext bestimmt. Dabei werden zunächst Funktion und Aufgaben der Kartographie sowie die tragenden Konzepte und Grundlagen einer nutzerorientierten Kartengestaltung dargelegt. Der Vergleich der bestehenden Geodatenzugangsdienste zur Funktion der Kartographie ergibt eine Lücke, die es zu schließen gilt, um den Nutzeranforderungen gerecht zu werden. Dazu wird der Gesamtprozess für die Herstellung von Karten im GDI-Kontext beschrieben. In diesem Prozess kommt dem Graphikfilter von Spiess (2003) besondere Bedeutung als Modell eines wissensbasierten Systems zur Aufstellung und Umsetzung von kartographischen Gestaltungsregeln zu. Den Ausgangspunkt für die Ausarbeitung der Teilprozesse bieten die von Grünreich (2008) vorgeschlagenen Teilaufgaben der Kartographie im Rahmen der GDI. Mittels eines Anwendungsfalls im Europäischen Kontext wird der vorgeschlagene Gesamtprozess erprobt. Dieses Beispiel geht davon aus, dass eine internationale Planungsgruppe im Zuge der Konzeption einer grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrsverbindung eine anschauliche Beschreibung der Landschaft in Form einer einheitlich gestalteten und flächendeckenden Karte benötigt. Durch Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering anerkannt gut gestalteter Karten werden die Vorgaben für die Kartengestaltung ermittelt. Einschließlich der Anwendung auf konkrete GDI-Daten wird der zuvor entwickelte Herstellungsprozess ausgeführt und diskutiert. Die entwickelte Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in der GDI-Umgebung basiert auf den semiotisch-kognitiven und handlungstheoretischen Konzepten der modernen Kartographie. Kartengestaltung im Kontext von Geodateninfrastrukturen bedeutet die Entwicklung eines Graphikfilters, der eine optimale bedarfsgerechte Visualisierung der Geodaten mittels nutzerspezifischer Parameter und Gestaltungsregeln ermöglicht. Wie das Fallbeispiel zeigt, ist es die durch die entwickelte Methodik möglich, brauchbare und nützliche Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten. Die Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering erlaubt es, Kartendarstellungen zu entwickeln, die - wie von INSPIRE empfohlen - bewährten kartographischen Erfahrungen und allgemeinen Traditionen entsprechen. Das Ergebnis des Anwendungsfalls ist ein Prototyp einer Europäischen Referenzkarte im Maßstab 1: 250,000. Die einheitliche und somit vergleichbare Darstellung über Grenzen hinweg unterstützt das Planungsteam in seiner Arbeit. Die praktische Umsetzung der Karte zeigt zudem, dass funktionsfähige Werkzeuge und Technologien für die regelbasierte Kartenherstellung aus GDI-Daten vorhanden sind. Die Dissertation trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für den menschlichen Aspekt der Nutzung einer Geodateninfrastruktur zu schärfen. Der Beitrag der Kartographie zur Nutzung der Geodaten einer GDI besteht in der Initiierung, Gestaltung und Pflege von Darstellungsdiensten, da die Nutzbarkeit der Geodaten am besten gewährleistet ist, wenn die Gestaltungsmethoden der Kartographie angewendet werden. Dabei liegt es in der Verantwortung der Kartographen, die nutzerseitigen Aspekte dieser graphischen Schnittstelle unter Berücksichtigung der modernen kartographischen Konzepte zu betreuen. Gemäß INSPIRE-Richtlinie werden auf Karten gestützte Informationen bei zahlreichen Tätigkeiten verwendet. Für eine effektive visuelle Informationsverarbeitung durch den Nutzer ist daher eine nutzerorientierte Kartengestaltung in Abhängigkeit von der geplanten Interaktion (z.B. Kommunikation oder Analyse) unerlässlich. Neben der Funktion als Schnittstelle machen kartographische Darstellungen räumliche Strukturen verständlich. Daher ist die Kartenherstellung im GDI-Kontext eine Maßnahme, um Interoperabilität von Geodaten über die technische Ebene hinaus auf menschlicher Ebene zu ermöglichen. Die Relevanz dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt im Bereich der Kommunikationskartographie, die die Effektivität und Verbindlichkeit der Kommunikation über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte zu vertiefen sucht.

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25

Boisvert, Sophie, and Sophie Boisvert. "Adaptation culturelle et validation de l'échelle "The european heart failure self-care behaviour Scale-9" pour la population franco-canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26406.

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L’échelle European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) permet de mesurer les auto-soins en insuffisance cardiaque. Cette étude visait à adapter l’EHFScB-9 et à en évaluer la fidélité et la validité auprès de la population franco-canadienne. Suite à l’adaptation culturelle, la fidélité a été évaluée selon les critères de cohérence interne et de stabilité temporelle. La validité a été évaluée par une analyse factorielle et selon le critère de validité convergente/divergente. L’alpha de Cronbach (0,70) et l’agrément entre le test-retest est satisfaisant. L’analyse exploratoire pointait 2 facteurs : comportements de consultation et comportements liés à la santé. L’EHFScB-9 a démontré des corrélations significatives avec l’adhésion à la prise de médicaments, la pratique d’activité physique, les saines habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes de vie. Comme attendu, l’outil a démontré de faibles corrélations avec la qualité de vie. La version franco-canadienne a démontré des évidences de fidélité et de validité satisfaisantes. L’échelle European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) permet de mesurer les auto-soins en insuffisance cardiaque. Cette étude visait à adapter l’EHFScB-9 et à en évaluer la fidélité et la validité auprès de la population franco-canadienne. Suite à l’adaptation culturelle, la fidélité a été évaluée selon les critères de cohérence interne et de stabilité temporelle. La validité a été évaluée par une analyse factorielle et selon le critère de validité convergente/divergente. L’alpha de Cronbach (0,70) et l’agrément entre le test-retest est satisfaisant. L’analyse exploratoire pointait 2 facteurs : comportements de consultation et comportements liés à la santé. L’EHFScB-9 a démontré des corrélations significatives avec l’adhésion à la prise de médicaments, la pratique d’activité physique, les saines habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes de vie. Comme attendu, l’outil a démontré de faibles corrélations avec la qualité de vie. La version franco-canadienne a démontré des évidences de fidélité et de validité satisfaisantes. The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) measures heart failure self-care. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the EHFScB-9 for the French Canadian population. After the step of cultural adaptation, reliability was assessed according to internal consistency and temporal stability criteria. Validity was assessed by factorial analysis and on the basis of convergent / divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha (0.70) and the agreement between the test-retest is adequate. Exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: consulting behaviours and health behaviours. The EHFScB-9 has demonstrated statistically significant correlations with adherence to drug intake, physical activity, good dietary habits and good lifestyle habits. As expected, the tool demonstrated low correlations with the quality of life. The French-Canadian version of the EHFScB-9 showed satisfactory psychometric properties. The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) measures heart failure self-care. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the EHFScB-9 for the French Canadian population. After the step of cultural adaptation, reliability was assessed according to internal consistency and temporal stability criteria. Validity was assessed by factorial analysis and on the basis of convergent / divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha (0.70) and the agreement between the test-retest is adequate. Exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: consulting behaviours and health behaviours. The EHFScB-9 has demonstrated statistically significant correlations with adherence to drug intake, physical activity, good dietary habits and good lifestyle habits. As expected, the tool demonstrated low correlations with the quality of life. The French-Canadian version of the EHFScB-9 showed satisfactory psychometric properties.

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26

Rouger, Romuald. "Restoration genetics of north-west European saltmarshes : a multi-scale analysis of population genetic structure in Puccinellia maritima and Triglochin maritima." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21634.

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Increasing human pressure combined with sea level rise and increased storminess is threatening coastal ecosystems around the world. Among these ecosystems, saltmarshes are particularly endangered due to their position in temperate areas with low wave action where human density is often high (e.g. estuaries). Around the UK, centuries of land reclamation have led to a substantial decrease of the area of saltmarsh. Over the past decades, restoration schemes have been implemented in numerous coastal locations in an attempt to counteract this loss. Such schemes involve allowing sea water to inundate a previously embanked area and letting the vegetation develop naturally, thereby reverting to saltmarsh through natural colonisation. However, surveys of restored areas that have looked at the recovery of plant species diversity or functional characteristics often show that restored saltmarshes do not reach the state of a natural saltmarsh ecosystem. While there is much data at the species level, recovery of plant intra-specific diversity (genetic diversity) has not been assessed in restored saltmarsh although this component of biodiversity is receiving increasing attention for its effect on ecosystem function. This thesis represents the first attempt to (1) characterize the nation-wide genetic structure of two important north-west European saltmarsh plant species, the common saltmarsh grass (Puccinellia maritima) and the sea arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima) and (2) compare levels of genetic diversity and structure between restored and natural ecosystems. Microsatellite molecular markers were developed for both species. Using innovative methods to analyse the genetic data obtained for these two polyploid species, this thesis highlights that genetic diversity at the national scale is organised regionally for both species, although gene-flow is still restricted between populations within the same region. Gene-flow between populations is determined by different processes depending on the species. While coastal processes mainly influence gene dispersal in P. maritima, overland routes of dispersal are involved for T. maritima. These differences are believed to be due to differences in dispersal ecology between the two species. Although gene-flow exists between distant saltmarshes, the genetic analysis of P. maritima and T. maritima colonists arriving on restored sites highlighted their local origin and reaffirmed that it is preferable to restore saltmarsh where a nearby natural saltmarsh can act as a source of colonists. A multiple paired-site comparison identified similar genetic diversity between restored and natural saltmarshes indicating that restoration of local genetic diversity is rapid for both species. A single site comparison at Skinflats in the Forth estuary compared fine-scale spatial genetic structure between the restored and natural saltmarsh. Interestingly, no structure was detected for T. maritima either in restored or natural saltmarsh. In contrast, a strong genetic structure organised along the elevation gradient was observed in the natural saltmarsh for P. maritima but was absent in the restored saltmarsh. The origin of this structure is not clear but could be due to restricted gene-flow between individuals from different elevations due to strong post-zygotic selection, as suggested in previous work. In any case, this lack of structure in the restored saltmarsh indicates that genetic recovery is incomplete in this respect for P. maritima. This thesis introduces the growing field of restoration genetics to saltmarsh ecology and identifies the principal population genetic trends in two of the species dominating the vegetation of north-west European saltmarshes community. The information given here will be useful for restoration practitioners and provides a strong foundation for future work characterizing the importance of genetic diversity for saltmarsh function.

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27

Alcasena, Urdíroz Fermín J. "Wildfire risk management in southern European landscapes: Towards a long‐term comprehensive strategy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667939.

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Pocs incendis grans i destructius representen els impactes més negatius en els valors socioeconòmics i naturals de les zones mediterrànies. Com a conseqüència de l’augment de l’acumulació de biomassa en els paisatges culturals prèviament elaborats, aquests esdeveniments no característics que es produeixen en condicions meteorològiques extremes són resistents als esforços de supressió a causa de les brases massives de dutxa, les intensitats de foc aclaparadores i les taxes d’expansió molt elevades. D'altra banda, l'augment de les àrees d'interfície de zones silvestres-urbanes representa un factor condicionant que exigeix protecció i augmenta substancialment la complexitat de la gestió d'emergències. Les polítiques de prevenció d’ignició i de supressió d’incendis només resulten ineficaces per mitigar les pèrdues dels focs contemporanis. En aquesta tesi he implementat un marc analític a escala múltiple per informar sobre la presa de decisions d’una estratègia de gestió de riscos d’incendis forestals amb l'objectiu de crear paisatges resistents al foc, restaurar el règim de foc cultural, donar suport a la supressió d’incendis segura i eficient i crear comunitats adaptades al foc. En descompondre el risc d'incendis forestals en els principals factors causals a les escales relacionades amb les capacitats de gestió dels diferents agents, des dels propietaris individuals fins als governs regionals, aquesta tesi intenta proporcionar una solució integral per aconseguir aquests objectius bàsics a mig termini a la Unió Europea del sud regions. Es va implementar un model de simulació contra incendis per obtenir els factors causals de risc requerits o els indicadors d’exposició. La propagació del foc i el comportament en grans àrees es van modelar tenint en compte els règims de bombers variables en termes d’estacionalitat, gran nombre de focs i distribució espacial. Les relacions de susceptibilitat definides per experts o models de mortalitat es van utilitzar per avaluar els efectes de foc com a possibles pèrdues econòmiques en valors de risc. A més, vam utilitzar una anàlisi de transmissió per definir els incendis de la comunitat i avaluar l'intercanvi de foc entre els municipis veïns. La gestió de combustibles és la principal estratègia de mitigació de riscos d'incendis forestals a escala paisatgística i s'han utilitzat models d'optimització espacial per ajudar en el disseny del tractament del paisatge estratègic i explorar les oportunitats de col·locació sota restriccions pressupostàries. Els resultats es van proporcionar a les escales operatives adequades per informar de diferents estratègies de gestió d’incendis forestals. Els perfils d’exposició i l’avaluació de riscos a escales finals per a les estructures d’habitatges individuals i els valors dels boscos de fustes intenten promoure la participació dels propietaris i exigir les bones pràctiques dels gestors forestals amb l'objectiu de mitigar les pèrdues derivades dels incendis en el mateix lloc (unitats de tractament) i les terres veïnes. Els esforços de gestió dins de les àrees de planificació articulats com a projectes de planificació col·laborativa entre diversos agents socioeconòmics inclouen tractaments sobre el combustible del paisatge en llocs estratègics que redueixen la probabilitat general d’incendis forestals i la intensitat del foc, la planificació del paisatge per excloure àrees perilloses per al desenvolupament urbà, la preparació de la comunitat reduint la vulnerabilitat social i les ordenances del municipi a reduir la vulnerabilitat de l’habitatge. La producció conjunta de tractaments representa una oportunitat en ecosistemes forestals mediterranis multifuncionals per organitzar solucions complexes. La formulació de polítiques a escala regional dóna prioritat a nivell municipal a les diferents estratègies de gestió, com ara programes de prevenció d'ignició, pre-posicionament de recursos, assignació de subvencions per a tractaments de combustible i aplicació de la llei per a la gestió de combustibles en comunitats d'interfície de zones silvestres-urbanes amb major risc. Els diferents treballs es van desenvolupar en diverses àrees mediterrànies per ressaltar l'aplicabilitat del marc en altres llocs. Pocos incendios grandes y destructivos representan la mayoría de los impactos negativos sobre los valores socioeconómicos y naturales en las áreas mediterráneas. Como resultado de la creciente acumulación de biomasa en los paisajes culturales que antes eran de grano fino, estos eventos no característicos que ocurren en condiciones climáticas extremas son resistentes a los esfuerzos de supresión debidos a las brasas de lluvia masiva, las intensidades de fuego abrumadoras y las tasas de propagación muy altas. Además, el aumento de las áreas de interfaz urbano-forestal representa un factor de condicionamiento que exige protección y aumenta sustancialmente la complejidad de la gestión de emergencias. Las políticas de prevención de ignición y extinción de incendios por sí solas resultan ineficaces para mitigar las pérdidas de incendios contemporáneos. En esta Tesis, implementé un marco analítico de múltiples escalas para informar la toma de decisiones de una estrategia de gestión de riesgos de incendios forestales con el objetivo de crear paisajes resistentes a incendios, restaurar el régimen cultural de incendios, apoyar la supresión segura y eficiente de incendios y crear comunidades adaptadas a incendios. Al disolver el riesgo de incendios forestales en los principales factores causales en escalas relacionadas con las capacidades de gestión de los diferentes agentes, desde los propietarios individuales hasta los gobiernos regionales, esta tesis intenta ofrecer una solución integral para lograr esos objetivos centrales a medio plazo en el sur de la Unión Europea regiones. Se implementó un enfoque de modelado de simulación de incendios para obtener los factores causales de riesgo requeridos o las métricas de exposición. La propagación y el comportamiento de los incendios en grandes áreas se modelaron teniendo en cuenta los regímenes de incendios variables en términos de estacionalidad, gran número de incendios y distribución espacial. Las relaciones de susceptibilidad definidas por los expertos o los modelos de mortalidad se utilizaron para evaluar los efectos del fuego como posibles pérdidas económicas a valores en riesgo. Además, utilizamos un análisis de transmisión para delimitar las cuencas comunitarias y evaluar el intercambio de incendios entre los municipios vecinos. La gestión de combustibles es la principal estrategia de mitigación del riesgo de incendios forestales a escala del paisaje, y se utilizaron modelos de optimización espacial para ayudar en el diseño estratégico del tratamiento del paisaje y explorar oportunidades de colocación bajo restricciones presupuestarias. Los resultados se proporcionaron en escalas operativas apropiadas para informar diferentes estrategias de manejo de incendios forestales. Los perfiles de exposición y la evaluación del riesgo a escalas finas para las estructuras de viviendas individuales y los valores forestales de los bosques de madera intentan promover la participación de los propietarios y demandan las buenas prácticas de los administradores forestales con el objetivo de mitigar las pérdidas por incendios encendidos en el mismo sitio (unidades de tratamiento) y las tierras vecinas. Los esfuerzos de gestión dentro de las áreas de planificación articulados como proyectos de planificación colaborativa entre diversos agentes socioeconómicos incluyen tratamientos de combustible de paisaje en lugares estratégicos que reducen la probabilidad general de incendios forestales y la intensidad de incendios, la planificación del paisaje para excluir áreas peligrosas para el desarrollo urbano, la preparación de la comunidad para reducir la vulnerabilidad social y las ordenanzas municipales para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la vivienda. El tratamiento conjunto de la producción representa una oportunidad en los ecosistemas forestales mediterráneos multifuncionales para organizar soluciones complejas. La formulación de políticas a escala regional prioriza a nivel municipal las diferentes estrategias de manejo, como los programas de prevención de ignición, el posicionamiento previo de recursos de supresión, la asignación de subsidios para tratamientos de combustible y la aplicación de la ley para el manejo de combustibles en comunidades de interfaz urbano-forestal en mayor riesgo. Los diferentes documentos se desarrollaron en varias áreas mediterráneas para resaltar la aplicabilidad del marco en otros lugares. Few large and destructive fires account for most negative impacts on socioeconomic and natural values in Mediterranean areas. As a result of an increasing amount of biomass accumulation on the previously fine-grained cultural landscapes, these uncharacteristic events occurring under extreme weather conditions are resistant to suppression efforts due to massive showering embers, overwhelming fire intensities, and very high spread rates. Moreover, increasing wildland-urban interface areas represent a conditioning factor demanding protection and substantially increasing emergency management complexity. Ignition prevention and fire suppression policies alone result ineffective to mitigate losses from contemporary fires. In this Thesis I implemented a multiple-scale analytical framework to inform the decision-making of a wildfire risk management strategy aiming at creating fire resilient landscapes, restoring the cultural fire regime, supporting safe and efficient fire suppression, and creating fire-adapted communities. By decomposing wildfire risk into the main causative factors at scales related to management capabilities for the different agents, from the individual homeowners to Regional Governments, this dissertation attempts to provide a comprehensive solution to achieve those core goals on the mid-term in southern European Union regions. A fire simulation modeling approach was implemented to obtain the required risk causative factors or exposure metrics. Fire spread and behavior in large areas were modeled accounting for variable fire regimes in terms of seasonality, large fire number, and spatial distribution. Expert-defined susceptibility relations or mortality models were then used to assess fire effects as potential economic losses to values at risk. Moreover, we used a transmission analysis to delineate community firesheds and assess fire exchange among neighboring municipalities. Fuels management is the main wildfire risk mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, and spatial optimization models were used to help in strategic landscape treatment design and explore collocation opportunities under budgetary restrictions. Results were provided at appropriate operational scales to inform different wildfire management strategies. Exposure profiles and risk assessment at fine scales for individual housing structures and timber stand forest values attempt to promote homeowners’ involvement and demand forest managers’ good practices aiming at mitigating losses from fires ignited on the same site (treatment units) and the neighboring lands. Management efforts within Planning Areas articulated as collaborative planning projects among various socioeconomic agents include landscape fuel treatments on strategic locations reducing overall wildfire likelihood and fire intensity, landscape planning to exclude hazardous areas for the urban development, community preparedness reducing social vulnerability, and municipality ordinances to reduce housing vulnerability. Treatment joint-production represents an opportunity in multi-functional Mediterranean forest ecosystems to arrange complex solutions. Regional scale policy-making prioritizes at municipality level the different management strategies such as ignition prevention programs, suppression resource pre-positioning, assignation of subsidies for fuel treatments, and law enforcement for managing fuels in wildland-urban interface communities at highest risk. The different papers were developed in various Mediterranean areas to highlight the applicability of the framework elsewhere.

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Lobanova, Anastasia [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinkelmann, Reinhard [Gutachter] Hinkelmann, Ian [Gutachter] Holmann, and Fred [Gutachter] Hattermann. "The assessment of hydrological impacts of climate change and their implications for water management across scales : from the local to European scale / Anastasia Lobanova ; Gutachter: Reinhard Hinkelmann, Ian Holmann, Fred Hattermann ; Betreuer: Reinhard Hinkelmann." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186130415/34.

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Przybycin, Anna Maria [Verfasser]. "Lithospheric-scale 3D structural and thermal modelling and the assessment of the origin of thermal anomalies in the European North Alpine Foreland Basin / Anna Maria Przybycin." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081077778/34.

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Leuthold, Florian U. "Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26135.

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This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.

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31

Erdinger, Florian [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Design of Front End Electronics and a Full Scale 4k Pixel Readout ASIC for the DSSC X-ray Detector at the European XFEL / Florian Erdinger ; Betreuer: Peter Fischer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180737644/34.

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Keune, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Integrated terrestrial simulations at the continental scale : Impact of groundwater dynamics and human water use on groundwater-to-atmosphere feedbacks during the European heatwave in 2003 / Jessica Keune." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188732455/34.

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Hannerz, Fredrik. "Making water information relevant on local to global scale : the role of information systems for integrated water management /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7431.

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34

Bampa, Francesca. "Options for climate change mitigation in agricultural soils and impact on crop and grassland production: a multi-scale study." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424061.

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The decline of soil fertility is recognized by the European Union (EU) as the cause of yields reduction in many arable lands. The Soil Thematic Strategy proposed by the European Commission in 2006, identified the decline of organic matter as one of the main soil threats in EU. Organic carbon content is a recognised indicator of soil quality. Several studies have investigated this relationship through long-term field level experiments. This thesis presents a different approach: starting from data and information at EU level, a regional case study is investigated. The general objective of this thesis is to evaluate and quantify the impact of specific management practices in preserving or sequestering soil organic carbon in EU and regionally. The thesis is structured in five chapters: the first is a general introduction on the need for preserving soil organic carbon in the agricultural land and a review on the relevant legislation at international and European level. The second is a scoping chapter that presents a comparison on the available data on organic carbon content at EU level. The third chapter is a meta-analysis on soil organic carbon sequestration data available in scientific literature and reflection the management practices applied at EU scale. In the fourth chapter, the CENTURY model is applied at regional level in order to estimate the actual values of soil organic carbon stock and to model the implementation of the most promising management practices in two different climatic scenarios. The last chapter outlines the general conclusions and recommendations. La ridotta fertilitá dei suoli è riconosciuta dall’Unione Europea (UE) come preludio di una minore produttivitá delle aree agricole. La Strategia tematica del suolo, prodotta dalla Commissione Europea nel 2006, aveva identificato il declino della sostanza organica come una delle otto principali minacce dei suoli in UE, in quanto il contenuto di carbonio organico è un indicatore della qualitá dei suoli. Molti studi si sono concentrati su esperimenti a lungo termine a taglio locale. Questo lavoro ha un approccio diverso: a partire da dati ed informazioni a livello UE viene indagato un caso studio a taglio regionale. L’obiettivo generale di questo lavoro è valutare e quantificare quali sono le pratiche agricole piú promettenti nel preservare o sequestrare carbonio organico nei suoli dell’UE. La tesi è strutturata in cinque capitoli: il primo è un’introduzione generale sulla necessitá di preservare il carbonio organico presente nei suoli agricoli e una review della legislazione disponibile a livello internazionale ed Europeo. Il secondo capitolo indaga e confronta i dati disponibili sui livelli di carbonio nel suolo a livello UE. Il terzo è una meta-analisi su dati in letteratura sulla capacitá di sequestrare carbonio da parte delle pratiche agricole utilizzate dei suoli dell’UE. Nel quarto capitolo viene applicato il modello CENTURY a livello regionale per ricostruire i valori di stock di carbonio organico attuali e modellare l’applicazione di pratiche agricole promettenti in due diversi scenari climatici. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo riporta le conclusioni generali del lavoro e alcune linee guida.

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35

Hopfstock, Anja [Verfasser], Manfred F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchroithner, Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünreich, and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Dickmann. "A User-Oriented Map Design in the SDI Environment : Using the Example of a European Reference Map at Medium Scale / Anja Hopfstock. Gutachter: Manfred F. Buchroithner ; Frank Dickmann. Betreuer: Manfred F. Buchroithner ; Dietmar Grünreich." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1067729011/34.

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Harmes, Riccardo Lucian Paul. "Localism and the design of political systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30140.

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Localism places a special value on the local, and is increasingly prominent as a political doctrine. The literature suggests localism operates in three ways: bottom-up, top down and mutualistic. To assess its impact, localism needs to be seen within the broader context of multi-level governance. Here localism is examined in relation to three major themes: place, public value (PV), and institutional design. Regarding place, a key distinction is drawn between old and new localism. Old localism is about established local government, while new localism highlights the increasing room for manoeuvre that localities have in contemporary politics. This enables them to influence wider power structures, for example through trans-local organizing. With regard to public value, localist thinking makes a key contribution to core PV domains such as sustainability, wellbeing and democracy, as well as to others like territorial cohesion and intergovernmental mutuality. As for institutional design, the study is particularly concerned with ‘sub-continental’ political systems. A set of principles for the overall design of such systems is proposed, together with a framework of desirable policy outcomes at the local level. This can be used to evaluate how effective political systems are at creating public value in local settings. The thesis presents a comparative study of localism in two significant, sub-continental clusters: India/Kerala/Kollam and the EU/UK/England/Cornwall. Both can be seen as contrasting ‘exemplars’ of localism in action. In India, localism was a major factor in the nationwide local self-government reforms of 1993 and their subsequent enactment in the state of Kerala. In the EU, localism has been pursued through an economic federalism based on regions and sub-regions. This is at odds with the top-down tradition in British politics. The tension between the two approaches is being played out currently in the peripheral sub-region of Cornwall/Isles of Scilly. Cornwall’s dilemma has been sharpened by Britain’s recent decision to leave the EU. The thesis considers the wider implications of the case studies, and presents some proposals for policymakers and legislators to consider, together with suggestions for further research.

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Nóbrega, João Pedro Machado. "OTC markets – clearing, settlement & custody analysis : a cost function estimation of central securities depositories (CSDs)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15148.

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Mestrado em Finanças Este trabalho analisa a eficiência dos Sistemas Centralizados de Valores Mobiliários (Central Securities Depositories (CSDs)) em relação aos custos, na Europa. As CSDs são organizações financeiras especializadas na guarda de títulos até à sua data de liquidação. A abordagem adotada assenta na estimação de custos que permita comparar a eficiência das instituições em análise. Também é analisado o impacto do programa Target2 - Securities (estabelecido pelo BCE) e do regulamento CSDR concebido para estas instituições. O primeiro tem como objetivo contribuir para remoção de barreiras à eficiência de custos na liquidação entre mercados financeiros, e o último a promoção da segurança, eficácia e competitividade dos mercados financeiros da UE. Por último, procura-se saber se existem economias de escala para cada CSD, dependendo do seu tamanho e país. This work is based on the analysis of cost efficiency on European Central Securities Depositories (CSD's). These financial institutions are experts on holding securities and clearing them until its settlement date. Our approach is focused on cost estimation, in order to compare the efficiency of each institutions analyzed. In addition, we examine the impact of ongoing Target2 - Securities program (by the ECB) as well as the impact of the CSDR regulation made for these institutions. The first is a new European securities settlement engine that aims to contribute for removing the barriers for poor cost efficiency on cross-border settlement between financial markets, and the latter aims to promote the safety, effectiveness and competitiveness of the EU financial markets. Furthermore, the main objective is to find out if economies of scale exists for each CSD, depending on its size and country. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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38

Lai, Bo-Chi Geoffrey. "Distribution of genetic diversity at local to continental scales in European insects : implications for conservation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398899.

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Bath, Antonella. "The relationship between person-environment congruence and fundamental goals for African American and European American, female college students." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1056649233.

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40

Santos, Mónica Esgueira dos. "GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice: tradução, adaptação e análise psicométrica para o Português Europeu." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4813.

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Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Terapêutica da Fala, área de especialização em Linguagem no Adulto Introdução: A necessidade de se dispor de escalas padronizadas e adaptadas aos diversos meios socioculturais e linguísticos assume-se fundamental no contexto de avaliação em terapia da fala. A avaliação percetivo-auditiva da voz necessita de se transformar numa avaliação objetiva, com dados padronizados. Assim sendo, e dada a escassez de escalas e testes para avaliar percetivamente a qualidade vocal em Portugal, foi levado a cabo o presente estudo que teve como objetivo traduzir e adaptar a escala GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice para o Português Europeu, analisar as propriedades psicométricas da escala e, por último, identificar associações entre avaliação percetivo-auditiva, medidas acústicas e variáveis atributo: sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. Participantes e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo do tipo quantitativo-descritivo transversal, com a tradução e retroversão da escala GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice por tradutores independentes. A escala GRBASH na versão final foi aplicada a 80 amostras vocais de 80 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com média de 51,5 (DP=14,7) anos de idade. A amostra vocal é composta pela sustentação da vogal /a/ em intensidade e altura confortáveis ao sujeito, sendo posteriormente submetidas a uma avaliação percetivo-auditiva pelo painel de peritos e extração dos parâmetros acústicos (F0 média, jitter, shimmer e HNR). Para testar as características da escala foi usada a análise das componentes principais e análise da consistência interna. Resultados: No que diz respeito à distribuição das variáveis em estudo pela idade dos indivíduos, verifica-se que os que consomem outros medicamentos para além daqueles usados para a voz apresentam uma maior representatividade nos mais velhos (38,2 vs. 61,7; p=0,049); nos indivíduos com consumo de álcool (33,3 vs. 67,7; p=0,022) e nos que referem alterações hormonais (30,0 vs. 70,0; p=0,015). Estas conclusões obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as variáveis em estudo. Após a análise de componentes principais foram extraídas duas componentes: CP1 – Grau, Rouquidão, Tensão, Aspereza e CP2 – Soprosidade e Astenia, que explicam 76,41% da variância, com um alfa de Cronbach de 0,763 e de 0,548, respetivamente CP1 e CP2. A consistência interna das duas componentes confirmam que a escala é um instrumento homogéneo para avaliar a disfonia. No que diz respeito à distribuição dos scores pelas variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis clínicas e comportamentais, não se verificaram quaisquer diferenças estatisticamente significativas dos scores da componente principal 1. Relativamente à componente principal 2 verificou-se que os indivíduos com consumo de outra medicação (32,7 vs. 24,2; p=0,031) sem consumo de álcool (34,2 vs. 23,1; p= 0,004) e hábitos tabágicos (22,9 vs. 33,0; p=0,005) apresentam uma média de scores superior. No que diz respeito à avaliação da validade do critério, comparando as diferenças de médias obtidas na qualidade da voz (CP1 e CP2) pela avaliação acústica, verifica-se que de uma forma geral não existe uma relação entre a qualidade percetiva da voz e a F0 em ambos os sexos. No entanto, apesar de não terem sido realizadas inferências estatísticas, as mulheres apresentam uma média superior de F0. Por outro lado, para as variáveis jitter (CP1 p=0,002; CP2 p= 0,019), shimmer (CP1 p<0,001; CP2 p=0,008) e HNR (CP1 p<0,001; CP2 p=0,001) verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, para ambas as componentes da escala. No que diz respeito à distribuição da frequência fundamental média (F0) pelas variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis clínicas e comportamentais, verifica-se que homens mais velhos possuem uma média significativamente superior comparando com homens mais novos (154,0 vs. 126,1; p=0,020). Verifica-se que homens com presença de patologia laríngea possuem uma média de F0 superior (147,5 vs. 123,1; p=0,010). As mulheres que consomem outros medicamentos (exceto medicamentos para a voz) possuem uma média da F0 superior (169,5 vs. 163,6; p=0,023). As mulheres que fumam possuem uma F0 menor (155,7 vs. 196,0; p=0,024). Os homens com refluxo faringo-laríngeo possuem uma F0 inferior (124 vs. 155,1; p=0,013) e as mulheres com alterações hormonais possuem uma F0 maior (209,2 vs. 167,8; p=0,005). Para as restantes variáveis não se verificam diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Nas restantes variáveis acústicas verifica-se que os indivíduos do sexo masculino possuem uma média de jitter inferior (0,6 vs. 1,0; p=0,004). Para a variável HNR, os indivíduos que têm doença respiratória aguda nas últimas 4 semanas, possuem um valor menor (9,3 vs. 13,3; p=0,020). Para a variável jitter, verificou-se que quem consome álcool possui uma média significativamente menor (0,6 vs. 1,0; p=0,024). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo permitem comprovar as hipóteses teóricas levantadas e demonstraram que a escala GRBASH – Escala para Avaliação da Disfonia é um instrumento com boas propriedades psicométricas para ser usado na população portuguesa. Introduction: The need to have standardised scales adapted to various sociocultural and linguistic environments becomes crucial in the context of evaluation in speech therapy. The auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice needs to become an objective assessment with standardised data. Therefore, given the scarcity of scales and tests to perceptively evaluate voice quality in Portugal, this study was conducted, which aimed to translate and adapt the GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice to European Portuguese, analyse the psychometric properties of the scale and, finally, identify associations between auditory-perceptual evaluation, acoustic measurements and sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural attribute variables. Participants and methods: We conducted a quantitative/descriptive cross-sectional study, with translation and reverse translation of the GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice scale performed by freelance translators. The final version of the GRBASH scale was administered to 80 voice samples of 80 subjects of both sexes, with a mean of 51.5 (SD = 14.7) years of age. The vocal sample consists of the maintenance of the vowel /a/ at an intensity and volume comfortable to the subject, which is subsequently subjected to perceptual-auditory evaluation by the panel of experts and extraction of acoustic parameters (mean F0, jitter, shimmer and HNR). To test the characteristics of the scale, analysis of the principal components and analysis of internal consistency were used. Results: In relation to the distribution of the variables studied by the age of the subjects, it appears that those taking medicines other than those used for the voice are more prevalent among older subjects (38.2 vs. 61.7, p=0.049); in subjects who consume alcohol (33.3 vs. 67.7, p=0.022) and in those who report hormonal changes (30.0 vs. 70.0; p=0.015). These findings resulted in statistically significant differences for the variables under study. After analysis of the principal components, two components were extracted: CP1 – Grade, Roughness, Strain, Harshness and CP2 – Breathiness and Asthenia, which explain 76.41% of the variance, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.763 and 0.548 in CP1 and CP2 respectively. The internal consistency of the two components confirms that the scale is a uniform instrument for evaluating dysphonia. With regard to the distribution of the scores by sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of principal component 1. Regarding principal component 2, it was found that subjects taking other medicines (32.7 vs. 24.2, p=0.031) who do not consume alcohol (34.2 vs. 23.1, p=0.004) or smoke (22.9 vs. 33.0, p=0.005) showed higher mean scores. As regards the assessment of the validity of the criterion, comparing the differences in the averages obtained in voice quality (CP1 and CP2) by acoustic evaluation, it is found that, in general, there is no relationship between perceptive quality of the voice and F0 in both sexes. However, despite statistical inference not having been applied, women have a higher average F0. On the other hand, the variables jitter (CP1 p=0.002; CP2 p=0.019), shimmer (CP1 p<0.001; CP2 p=0.008) and HNR (CP1 p<0.001; CP2 p=0.001) demonstrate statistically significant differences for both components of the scale. With respect to the distribution of mean fundamental frequency (F0) by sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables, it appears that older men have a significantly higher average compared to younger men (154.0 vs. 126.1; p=0.020). It appears that men with laryngeal disease have a higher average F0 (147.5 vs. 123.1; p=0.010). Women taking other medicines (except medicines for the voice) have a higher average F0 (169.5 vs. 163.6; p=0.023). Women who smoke have a lower F0 (155.7 vs. 196.0; p=0.024). Men with gastroesophageal reflux have a lower F0 (124 vs. 155.1, p=0.013) and women with hormonal changes have a higher F0 (209.2 vs. 167.8; p=0.005). For the remaining variables, no statistically significant differences are found. In the remaining acoustic variables, it appears that male subjects have a lower average jitter (0.6 vs. 1.0; p=0.004). For the variable HNR, subjects who have had acute respiratory disease in the past 4 weeks exhibit a lower value (9.3 vs. 13.3; p=0.020). For the variable jitter, it was found that who consume alcohol have a significantly lower average (0.6 vs.1.0; p=0.024). Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to confirm the theoretical hypotheses raised and demonstrate that the GRBASH Scale for the Evaluation of Dysphonia is an instrument with good psychometric properties for use among the Portuguese population.

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Santos, Ana Rita Sousa. "Contributo para a tradução e adaptação cultural da “VoiSS – Vocal Symptom Scale” para o português europeu." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3211.

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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Terapêutica da Fala Neste estudo propõe-se uma revisão sobre os constituintes anatómicos e fisiológicos da fonação, bem como a explicitação do mecanismo de fonação, dos diversos conceitos de voz normal e voz disfónica, e os fatores que a influenciam. Foram abordadas diversas patologias vocais considerando as referências bibliográficas encontradas, e aplicada uma metodologia descritiva, na qual visa todos os processos de obtenção do questionário VoiSS original e outros questionários de auto perceção vocal já editados. A escala VoiSS foi traduzida e adaptada para Português Europeu, e contou com a contribuição de profissionais convidados, peritos na área de voz, para determinar a uniformidade deste instrumento sob a perspetiva adaptativa do mesmo. Todos os parâmetros sobre os quais não se atingiu concordância no painel de peritos, foram modificados até alcançarmos a unanimidade. Posteriormente foi aplicado a um grupo de 20 sujeitos com patologia vocal, comparando-se os diferentes resultados pela frequência e foi testada a sua consistência interna através do α de Cronbach, concluindo-se que foi possível dar um contributo válido para a tradução e adaptação cultural da escala VoiSS para o Português Europeu. This study proposes a review of anatomical and physiological constituents of speech, as well as the explanation of phonation, the various concepts of normal and dysphonic voice, and the factors that influence it. Addressed several vocal pathologies considering the references found, and applied a descriptive methodology, with covers all the processes of obtaining VoiSS original questionnaire and others self-perception questionnaires already edited. The scale VoiSS was translated and adapted to European Portuguese, and included the contribution of invited professionals, experts in voice, for determining the uniformity of the instrument under the same adaptive perspective. All the parameters on which no agreement was reached on the panel of experts, have been modified to achieve unanimity. Later it was applied to a group of 20 subjects with vocal pathology, comparing the results for different frequency and was tested for internal consistency by Cronbach’s α, concluding that it was possible to make a valuable contribution to the translation and cultural adaptation of VoiSS scale for European Portuguese.

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42

Alsamad, Fatima. "Développement d’une méthode de détection et de quantification des produits de glycation avancée par spectroscopie de diffusion Raman. Towards Normalization Selection of Raman Data in the Context of Protein Glycation: Application of Validity Indices to PCA Processed Spectra In depth investigation of collagen non-enzymatic glycation by Raman spectroscopy Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis: Results of a Large-Scale European Multi-Instrument Interlaboratory Study." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMP202.

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Dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population et d’accroissement des maladies chroniques liées à l’âge, l’étude de la glycation non-enzymatique des protéines constitue un axe de recherche d’actualité. En effet, les produits de glycation avancée (AGE) jouent un rôle important dans la complication des maladies liées à l’âge comme le diabète. La compréhension des mécanismes de glycation est complexe du fait de la variété importante d’AGE formés. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier in vitro la glycation des protéines, le collagène de type I en particulier, au moyen de cette technique de microscopie photonique. Deux AGE, la carboxyméthyllysine et la pentosidine, ont été ciblés. L’exploitation des spectres Raman a nécessité des adaptations chimiométriques originales. En effet, une approche couplant l’analyse en composantes principales aux indices de validité a été développée pour déterminer le type de normalisation à appliquer aux données spectrales. De plus, la régression Lasso a été utilisée pour identifier des marqueurs Raman associés au processus de glycation. Ces investigations ont été menées en réalisant des réactions de glycation sous diverses conditions expérimentales et en considérant les dosages en AGE par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem comme références. Ces travaux permettent de positionner l’apport et les limitations analytiques de la microspectroscopie Raman dans l’étude moléculaire de la glycation non-enzymatique des protéines In the context of an aging population and an increase in age-related chronic diseases, the study of protein non-enzymatic glycation constitutes a topical research axis. Indeed, the advanced glycation products (AGE) play an important role in the complication of age-related diseases such as diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of glycation is complex due to the large variety of AGE formed. The objective of this work is to study protein glycation in vitro, especially type I collagen, using this biophotonic technique. Two AGE, carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine, were targeted. The exploitation of Raman spectra required original chemometric adaptation. Indeed, an approach coupling principal component analysis to validity indices has been developed to determine the type of normalization to apply to spectral data. Additionally, Lasso regression was used to identify Raman markers associated with glycation process. These investigations were carried out by performing chemical reactions to induce glycation under various experimental conditions and by considering the AGE assays by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry as references. This work makes it possible to position the contribution and the analytical limitations of Raman microspectroscopy in the molecular study of the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins

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43

Olsson, Martin. "Assessing oral skills : A study comparing the Swedish and Norwegian English syllabi with the Common European Framework of Reference." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57078.

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This is a comparative study of the Swedish and Norwegian syllabi for English for the minimum courses required in order to be allowed to apply for university courses in both countries. The study focuses on the assessment of oral production and what guidelines teachers and students are provided with in order to know what is to be assessed. As a reference point while comparing, the Common European Framework of Reference has been used as a framework for this study. The comparison has been done solely in a text-oriented manner, comparing both of the syllabi with the reference document. In the conclusion, the results drawn from this comparison will be put against each other in order to see any differences between the two syllabi and the ways in which they have interpreted the reference document. The conclusion was that both of the syllabi were largely inspired by the reference document and so turned out to be very similar in many aspects within oral proficiency assessment, as well as there were some aspects where they were quite different. The most obvious of these were the aspect of descriptors of different grade levels which was an aspect where all three documents differed in some manner, the Norwegian syllabus being the document that was least alike the two other documents.

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44

Orts-Cortés, María Isabel. "Validez de contenido del Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) en el ámbito europeo." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/21852.

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45

Kalfas, Ilias. "Tritrophic relationships amongst cultivars of olives Olea europea, the scale insect Parlatoria oleae and the parasitoid Aphytis maculicornis in olive orchards in northern Greece." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441349.

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46

Klausner, Theresa Maria [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Rapp. "Aircraft-based in situ measurements of CH4 and CO2 downstream of European and Asian urban centres at local to synoptic scales / Theresa Maria Klausner ; Betreuer: Markus Rapp." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221524453/34.

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47

CORAZZA, STEFANO. "Indicatori di Biodiversità . Con un Test degli indicatori europei SEBI 2010 per misurare i progressi nella conservazione della Biodiversità alla scala della." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278290.

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48

Covi, Patrick. "Multi-hazard analysis of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/313383.

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Fires following earthquake (FFE) have historically produced enormous post-earthquake damage and losses in terms of lives, buildings and economic costs, like the San Francisco earthquake (1906), the Kobe earthquake (1995), the Turkey earthquake (2011), the Tohoku earthquake (2011) and the Christchurch earthquakes (2011). The structural fire performance can worsen significantly because the fire acts on a structure damaged by the seismic event. On these premises, the purpose of this work is the investigation of the experimental and numerical response of structural and non-structural components of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake (FFE) to increase the knowledge and provide a robust framework for hybrid fire testing and hybrid fire following earthquake testing. A partitioned algorithm to test a real case study with substructuring techniques was developed. The framework is developed in MATLAB and it is also based on the implementation of nonlinear finite elements to model the effects of earthquake forces and post-earthquake effects such as fire and thermal loads on structures. These elements should be able to capture geometrical and mechanical non-linearities to deal with large displacements. Two numerical validation procedures of the partitioned algorithm simulating two virtual hybrid fire testing and one virtual hybrid seismic testing were carried out. Two sets of experimental tests in two different laboratories were performed to provide valuable data for the calibration and comparison of numerical finite element case studies reproducing the conditions used in the tests. Another goal of this thesis is to develop a fire following earthquake numerical framework based on a modified version of the OpenSees software and several scripts developed in MATLAB to perform probabilistic analyses of structures subjected to FFE. A new material class, namely SteelFFEThermal, was implemented to simulate the steel behaviour subjected to FFE events.

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49

Kopatz, Philip A. "The Red Scare and the Construction of a White American Identity: The Role City Newspapers Played in Undermining the Great Steel Strike of 1919." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1555618327121869.

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50

Minot, Marceau. "Traits biologiques et facteurs environnementaux structurant les mouvements locaux et la dispersion des libellules( Insecta, Odonata) dans les réseaux de mares. Pond creation and restoration:: patterns of odonate colonisation and community dynamics Biometry of the large dragonfly Anax imperator (Odonata, Aeshnidae):: A study of traits from larval development to adults Effects of water pollution on the larval development and condition of the adults at emergence in Aeshna cyanea (Odonata: Aeshnidae) Habitat use and movements of a large dragonfly (Odonata: Anax imperator) in a pond network. Diversity and genetic structure of Anax imperator populations at the European scale." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR031.

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Au cours des dernières décennies, le nombre de mares a connu un déclin de plus de 50 % dans les pays européens, atteignant parfois jusqu'à 90 % dans certaines régions. Cette diminution a entraîné une forte perte de connectivité entre les mares. Pourtant, ces écosystèmes petits et dispersés sont essentiels au cycle de vie d'une grande diversité d'espèces d'eau douce. Les politiques d'aménagement du territoire, comme la création des Trames Vertes et Bleues en France, visent à améliorer les continuités écologiques pour permettre le maintien des populations existantes et les échanges entre elles. Cependant, les études de connectivité entre les mares doivent prendre en compte les capacités de dispersion des espèces et cette information fait souvent défaut pour orienter les mesures de restauration. Dans le présent travail, nous avons étudié les capacités de dispersion des libellules à plusieurs échelles spatiales ainsi que les caractéristiques biologiques et les facteurs environnementaux qui façonnent leurs mouvements. Dans la première partie, nous avons évalué la colonisation par les libellules de 20 mares normandes pendant les trois années suivant leur création ou leur restauration. Les résultats mettent en évidence des taux de colonisation élevés pendant la première année et aucune différence de richesse spécifique n'a été constatée entre les mares nouvellement créées ou restaurées. Cela suggère que la restauration des mares après un assèchement total ne devrait pas toujours être prioritaire par rapport à la création de nouvelles mares dans les stratégies de gestion. Nous avons constaté que les espèces généralistes étaient davantage présentes la première année après la création ou la restauration des mares, alors que la présence d’espèces spécialistes des forêts augmentait avec l'âge du plan d’eau. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence que le contexte paysager autour des mares (i.e. milieu forestier ou ouvert) avait un effet sur la composition des communautés de libellules. Enfin, l'abondance totale des espèces d'odonates était liée à la densité des plans d’eau alentours. Ce résultat souligne que les mares très connectées peuvent abriter des populations plus importantes que les mares isolées et donc être plus résistantes aux perturbations. La deuxième partie fournit des éléments sur le développement larvaire d'Anax imperator et la relation entre les caractéristiques morphologiques des larves et des adultes. Les résultats suggèrent que la survie de cette espèce pendant la période de maturation pourrait dépendre de la longueur des individus. Nous avons également essayé d'étudier la dispersion natale en marquant 87 individus à l'émergence, mais seuls deux mâles ont été retrouvés après la période de maturation. Enfin, l'effet de deux polluants de l'eau (Round-up et DEET) sur le développement larvaire et les adultes d'Aeshna cyanea a également été étudié à différentes concentrations. Les larves ont été élevées dans des conditions de laboratoire et exposées à des concentrations allant jusqu'à 30 mg.L-1 des deux polluants. Aucun effet des polluants sur les conditions morphologiques des larves ou des ténéraux n'a été détecté, ce qui suggère que A. cyanea est une espèce tolérante aux potentielles pollutions de l'eau dans les mares. Le niveau de la protéine de stress HSP70 était également similaire selon les différents traitements, mais les adultes ténéraux présentaient des niveaux de stress plus élevés que les larves, ce qui suggère que l'émergence a provoqué un stress élevé chez les individus During the last decades, the number of ponds decreased by more than 50 % in European countries, occasionally reaching up to 90 % in some regions. Their decline in number has led to a strong loss of connectivity between waterbodies. Yet, these small and scattered ecosystems are essential for the life cycle of a high diversity of freshwater species. Land use policies like the creation of Greenways and Blueways in France aim to improve ecological continuities to allow maintenance of existent biological populations and exchanges between them. However, the connectivity between ponds must be considered according to the dispersal abilities of freshwater species and this information often lacks to guide restoration measures. In the present work, we studied the dispersal abilities of dragonflies on several spatial scales and investigated the biological traits and environmental factors that shaped their movements. In the first part, we evaluated the colonization of 20 ponds in Normandy by dragonflies during three years after pond restoration or pond creation. The results highlight high colonization rates during the first year and no difference in species richness was found between newly created or restored ponds. This suggests that restoration of ponds after complete drought should not always be prioritized over pond creation in management strategies. We found that generalist species were more present in the first year after pond creation or restoration, whereas the occurrence of forest specialists increased with the age of the pond. The results also highlighted that the landscape context around ponds (i.e. forest vs. open lands) had an effect on the composition of dragonfly communities. Finally, the total abundance of odonate species was related to the density of other ponds in the surroundings. This result emphasizes that highly connected ponds can support larger populations than isolated ones and thus, be more resilient to perturbations. The second part provides insights into the larval development of Anax imperator and the relationship between morphological traits of larvae and adults. The results suggest that the survival of this species might depend on its body length during the maturation period. We also tried to study the natal dispersal by marking 87 individuals at emergence, but only two males were resighted after the maturation period. Finally, the effect of two water pollutants (i.e. Round-up and DEET) at different concentrations was also investigated on the larval development and adults of Aeshna cyanea. Larvae were reared under laboratory conditions and exposed to concentrations up to 30 mg.L-1 of the two pollutants. No effect of the pollutants was detected on the morphological conditions of larvae or tenerals, suggesting that A. cyanea is tolerant to potential water pollution of ponds. The level of HSP70 stress protein was also similar according to the different treatments, but teneral adults presented higher levels of stress than larvae, suggesting that emergence induced a high stress in the individuals. The third part focuses on the dispersal of A. imperator. We first assessed the local movements within a pond network in the Normandy region

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