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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Failing State"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 19 de febrero de 2022

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1

Michael, Kobi. "The Palestinian Authority: the dangerous transition from failing entity to failing state". Israel Affairs 23, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2017): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1274512.

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2

PARYS, EILEEN VAN. "ASSESSING THE FAILING STATE OF THE HEART". Nursing 17, n.º 2 (febrero de 1987): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198702000-00018.

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3

Ahrens, Joachim. "North Korea: From Failing towards Reforming State?" North Korean Review 3, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/nkr.3.2.65.

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4

MILLER, NASEEM S. "Report: Feds, state governments failing at tobacco control". Internal Medicine News 46, n.º 2 (febrero de 2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(13)70053-2.

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5

Learner, Sue. "State of care: failing to meet minimum standards". Nursing and Residential Care 15, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2013.15.1.6.

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6

Thornton, Christopher. "Letter From Yemen: Failed State or Just Failing?" Sewanee Review 123, n.º 4 (2015): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2015.0104.

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7

Charmatz, Marc. "Failing to caption state legislative proceedings may create liability for state universities". Disability Compliance for Higher Education 25, n.º 8 (12 de febrero de 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dhe.30801.

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8

Kosárová, Dominika y Jaroslav Ušiak. "The Republic of Moldova as a Potential Failing State?" Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 4, n.º 3-4 (30 de diciembre de 2017): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.3-4.50-59.

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The Republic of Moldova is a young post-Soviet country facing a continuous internal struggle in the definition of its identity given its location between two major geopolitical blocs – Euroatlantic and Eurasian. In consequence to the combination of several internal and external factors it has striven to stabilize its political scene, sustain economic growth and enhance defense capabilities since its creation. Yet the success is questionable and Moldova today manifests certain features of state fragility. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether Moldova can be regarded as a failing state and if so, which areas in terms of sectoral security are stricken the most by state fragility. The authors point to the shortcomings that Moldova exhibits in political, economic and military sectors of security and concludes that potential failure of Moldova may have serious geopolitical consequences given the interests of external actors, especially Russia. The authors also suggest that the future development of Moldova will depend to a large extent on the attitude and role of the European Union in regard to the stabilization of the state

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9

O'Driscoll, Dylan. "Autonomy Impaired: Centralisation, Authoritarianism and the Failing Iraqi State". Ethnopolitics 16, n.º 4 (18 de septiembre de 2015): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2015.1086126.

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10

Bulley, Dan. "‘Foreign’ Terror? London Bombings, Resistance and the Failing State". British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10, n.º 3 (agosto de 2008): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00305.x.

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11

Tomin, Tamara, Matthias Schittmayer, Simon Sedej, Heiko Bugger, Johannes Gollmer, Sophie Honeder, Barbara Darnhofer et al. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Redox and Protein Profiling of Failing Human Hearts". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 4 (11 de febrero de 2021): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041787.

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Oxidative stress contributes to detrimental functional decline of the myocardium, leading to the impairment of the antioxidative defense, dysregulation of redox signaling, and protein damage. In order to precisely dissect the changes of the myocardial redox state correlated with oxidative stress and heart failure, we subjected left-ventricular tissue specimens collected from control or failing human hearts to comprehensive mass spectrometry-based redox and quantitative proteomics, as well as glutathione status analyses. As a result, we report that failing hearts have lower glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratios and increased oxidation of a number of different proteins, including constituents of the contractile machinery as well as glycolytic enzymes. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics of failing hearts revealed a higher abundance of proteins responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling and reduced abundance of several ion transporters, corroborating contractile impairment. Similar effects were recapitulated by an in vitro cell culture model under a controlled oxygen atmosphere. Together, this study provides to our knowledge the most comprehensive report integrating analyses of protein abundance and global and peptide-level redox state in end-stage failing human hearts as well as oxygen-dependent redox and global proteome profiles of cultured human cardiomyocytes.

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12

Marsden, Beth. "“The system of compulsory education is failing”". History of Education Review 47, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-11-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which the mobility of indigenous people in Victoria during the 1960s enabled them to resist the policy of assimilation as evident in the structures of schooling. It argues that the ideology of assimilation was pervasive in the Education Department’s approach to Aboriginal education and inherent in the curriculum it produced for use in state schools. This is central to the construction of the state of Victoria as being devoid of Aboriginal people, which contributes to a particularly Victorian perspective of Australia’s national identity in relation to indigenous people and culture. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilises the state school records of the Victorian Department of Education, as well as the curriculum documentation and resources the department produced. It also examines the records of the Aborigines Welfare Board. Findings The Victorian Education Department’s curriculum constructed a narrative of learning and schools which denied the presence of Aboriginal children in classrooms, and in the state of Victoria itself. These representations reflect the Department and the Victorian Government’s determination to deny the presence of Aboriginal children, a view more salient in Victoria than elsewhere in the nation due to the particularities of how Aboriginality was understood. Yet the mobility of Aboriginal students – illustrated in this paper through a case study – challenged both the representations of Aboriginal Victorians, and the school system itself. Originality/value This paper is inspired by the growing scholarship on Indigenous mobility in settler-colonial studies and offers a new perspective on assimilation in Victoria. It interrogates how curriculum intersected with the position of Aboriginal students in Victorian state schools, and how their position – which was often highly mobile – was influenced by the practices of assimilation, and by Aboriginal resistance and responses to assimilationist practices in their lives. This paper contributes to histories of assimilation, Aboriginal history and education in Victoria.

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13

Willerton, John P. "The Putin Legacy: Russian-Style Democratization Confronts a "Failing State"". Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 34, n.º 1 (2007): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633207x00030.

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14

Anonymous. "New Report Gives Failing Grade to State Child-Serving Systems". Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 31, n.º 8 (agosto de 1993): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19930801-16.

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15

PRATT, NICOLA. "The Queen Boat case in Egypt: sexuality, national security and state sovereignty". Review of International Studies 33, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210507007346.

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The government’s targeting of homosexuality in May 2001, following years of ‘turning a blind eye’ to Cairo’s gay scene, is studied here in terms of the links between the sphere of interpersonal relations and notions of national security within international relations. The persecution of men for alleged same-sex relations not only filled newspaper columns and created a spectacle to divert people’s attention away from the government’s failings. More importantly, the event represented an opportunity for government officials, the media and other civil society activists – both within Egypt and abroad – to ‘perform’ a discourse of national security through which national sovereignty was (re)produced and political order was maintained. However, this national security threat was not only posed by the external threat of Western governments, international NGOs and other transnational actors concerned with respect for human rights within Egypt. More importantly, this threat was constructed as originating with those people failing to conform to the ‘norm’ of heterosexual relationships.

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16

Obodo, Nneamaka y Olanrewaju Yusuf. "Failing state and its consequences on neighbouring states : the Nigerian perspective". Journal of Nation-building & Policy Studies 1, n.º 1/2 (13 de junio de 2017): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-3132/2017/v1_2n1a3.

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17

Rame, J. E., K. Bedi, N. Snyder, J. Brandimarto, C. Mesaros, E. Y. Birati, I. A. Blair y K. B. Margulies. "Myocardial Lipid Metabolism in the End-Stage Failing: Heart: Evidence for an Energy-Starved State". Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 34, n.º 4 (abril de 2015): S89—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.239.

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18

Dumitrescu, Cristian, Prakash Narayan, Igor R. Efimov, Yuanna Cheng, M. Judith Radin, Sylvia A. McCune y Ruth A. Altschuld. "Mechanical alternans and restitution in failing SHHF rat left ventricles". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2002): H1320—H1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2001.

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We examined mechanical alternans and electromechanical restitution in normal and failing rat hearts. Alternans occurred at 5 Hz in failing versus 9 Hz in control hearts and was reversed by 300 nM isoproterenol, 6 mM extracellular Ca2+, 300 nM −BAY K 8644, or 50 nM ryanodine. Restitution curves comprised phase I, which was completed before relaxation of the steady-state beat, and phase II, which occurred later. Phase I action potential area and developed pressure ratios were significantly reduced in the failing versus control hearts. Phase II was a monoexponential increase in relative developed pressure as the extrasystolic interval was increased. The plateau of phase II was significantly elevated in failing hearts. Thapsigargin (3 μM) plus ryanodine (200 nM) potentiated phase I to a significantly greater extent in control versus failing hearts and abolished phase II in both groups. The results suggest that both regulation of Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma and Ca2+ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum may contribute to altered excitation-contraction coupling in the failing spontaneously hypertensive heart failure prone rat heart.

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19

Chinyoka, S. V. "Bricolage: A State of Entrepreneurial Excellence". Asian Business Research 2, n.º 3 (20 de noviembre de 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v2i3.223.

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PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to discuss the concept of bricolage. It defines the term bricolage and its personified form ‘bricoleur’. The paper attempts to identify some measures of bricolage that can assist to relate that concept to either growth of enterprises or their performance. The paper also relates bricoleurs to entrepreneurs. Lastly, the paper asks whether bricoleurs are born or made.Design/Methodology/Approach This is an exploratory paper on a new concept, which should be pursued in more detail in subsequent research. Sources of information are mainly journal articles identified by way of Google scholar. Conclusions point to a promising concept with potential to generate a number of articles on Botswana and surrounding countries.FindingsConceptually defining bricolage as separate from entrepreneurship is feasible, however, discussing related issues, like metrics, becomes fussy and difficult.Practical ImplicationsTaking an extreme view that entrepreneurs, as currently defined, are failing could justify the concept of bricolage. However, common sense might lead one to conclude that, perhaps those failing are not really entrepreneurs. Bricolage can be seen, then as a trait of entrepreneurship.Originality/ ValueThe concept of bricolage is alien to African discourse. When presenting this paper at an African Conference in July 2017, the listeners were alarmed at the attempt to distinguish bricolage from entrepreneurship. Yet there is a wide-ranging debate in the world. These listeners, though experienced researchers in entrepreneurship, dismissed the concept in ignorance. Further research into the concept is justified.

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20

Almashat, Abdulmonem y Salwa Thabet. "State survival bureaucracy (SSB): state sustainability after Arab revolutions". Review of Economics and Political Science 4, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2019): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-09-2018-0001.

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Purpose Non-politicized bureaucracy plays a fundamental role in the survival of states during times of transition and drastic change. Moreover, non-politicized bureaucracy protects state institutions from failing. In fact, state survival bureaucracy (SSB), as an alternative to Deep State, obtains all mechanisms for the sustainability of the state, both its entity and identity. In case of resistance to the elected officials and executives’ abrupt decisions, professionals and experts came up with Deep State to reflect the elements of rejection. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses both system and function approaches in analyzing the role of bureaucracy in states going through transition. It also draws comparisons from the harsh experiences in the Arab region after Arab revolutions where most of the states collapsed while Tunisia and Egypt survived. The authors will use the available literature in reviewing different arguments regarding the role of bureaucracy in addition to the own observations as scholars who were engaged in the political process in Egypt for sometimes and during the drastic changes since January 25, 2011 and the knowledge about political process in Tunisia and other Arab states. Findings In the study of the collapse of a number of Arab states and the survival of Tunisia and Egypt, it was found out that it is SSB which holds state together in cases of drastic changes or tangible threats. SSB includes bureaucrats and policy implementing agencies that are committed to both entity and identity of the state. The role of SSB emerges clearly in a state of utmost survival crisis of the state. SSB does inherently obtain self-correcting mechanisms that help states face, experience drastic change and cope with it. Originality/value Non-politicized bureaucracy plays a fundamental role in the survival of states during times of transition and drastic change. Moreover, non-politicized bureaucracy protects state institutions from failing. In fact, SSB as an alternative to Deep State, as defined in this paper, obtains all mechanisms for the sustainability of the state, both its entity and identity. The analysis will show how SSB is a constructive mechanism for the survival of the state when its entity and identity as well as well-established national interests are under tangible threats.

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21

Vaught, Sabina Elena. "GLSEN's State of the States: How One Seattle Educator Gets an “A” in a Failing State". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education 3, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2005): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j367v03n01_13.

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22

Mallidi, Hari R., Jatin Anand y William E. Cohn. "State of the Art of Mechanical Circulatory Support". Texas Heart Institute Journal 41, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2014): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-14-4143.

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Mechanical circulatory support of the failing heart has become an important means of treating end-stage heart disease. This rapidly growing therapeutic field has produced impressive clinical outcomes and has great potential to help thousands of otherwise terminal patients worldwide. In this review, we examine the state of the art of mechanical circulatory support: current practice, totally implantable systems of the future, evolving biventricular support mechanisms, the potential for myocardial recovery and adjunctive treatment methods, and miniaturized devices with expanded indications for therapy.

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23

Carey, D. "Crisis of Governance in Maya Guatemala: Indigenous Responses to a Failing State". Hispanic American Historical Review 94, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2014): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2641505.

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24

Aherne, Sean y Vivian Okere. "THE EVOLUTION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: A FAILING EXPERIMENT IN POLITICAL ECONOMY". Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 17, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jabe-17-4.3.

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25

Becis-Aubry, Y., D. Aubry y N. Ramdani. "Multisensor set-membership state estimation of nonlinear models with potentially failing measurements". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 12030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.03793.

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26

Litsas, S. N. "The Greek Failing State and Its "Smart Power" Prospects: A Theoretical Approach". Mediterranean Quarterly 25, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2014): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10474552-2772262.

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27

Joyce, D. W., D. K. Tracy y S. S. Shergill. "Are we failing clinical trials? A case for strong aggregate outcomes". Psychological Medicine 48, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001726.

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Clinical trials in psychiatry inherit methods for design and statistical analysis from evidence-based medicine. However, trials in other clinical disciplines benefit from a more specific relationship between instruments that measure disease state (e.g. biomarkers, clinical signs), the underlying pathology and diagnosis such that primary outcomes can be readily defined. Trials in psychiatry use diagnosis (i.e. a categorical label for a syndrome) as a proxy for the underlying disorder, and outcomes are defined, for example, as a percentage change in a univariatetotal scoreon some clinical instrument. We label this approach to defining outcomesweak aggregationof disease state. Univariate measures are necessary, because statistical methodology is both tractable and well-developed for scalar outcomes, but we show that weak aggregate approaches do not capture disease state sufficiently, potentially leading to loss of information about response to intervention. We demonstrate how multivariate disease state can be captured using geometric concepts of spaces defined over routine clinical instruments, and show how clinically meaningful disease states (e.g. representing different profiles of symptoms, recovery or remission) can be defined as prototypes (geometric locations) in these spaces. Then, we show how to derive univariate (scalar) measures, which capture patient's relationships to these prototypes and argue these representstrong aggregatesof disease state that may be a better basis for outcome measures. We demonstrate our proposal using a large publically available dataset. We conclude by discussing the impact of strong aggregates for analyses in traditional and novel trial designs.

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28

Dedering, Kathrin. "Consultancy in ‘failing schools’: Emerging issues". Improving Schools 21, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2018): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365480217753515.

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External consultancy in schools by those who do not belong to the teaching staff has always been an important factor in school development. Such consulting goes hand in hand with the idea that internal school development processes and their results can be influenced positively by external experts. This is even more so for failing schools – that is, those that are revealed to have serious quality deficiencies by the school inspection. (The term failing schools is used in this article as shorthand; the actual terminology, and the underlying thinking, varies between education systems.) This article considers how school development consultancy is exercised by external experts in schools that have been classified as failing. It draws on empirical findings in part from a research project with schools found to have serious deficiencies in the first round of school inspections in the German federal state of Lower Saxony. Our research reveals that the framework conditions under which the outcomes of the inspections are processed at failing schools (in particular, the follow-up inspection) influence the activities in the school in such a way that a specific type of consultancy and/or a specific procedure by the advisers becomes attractive for the schools. This sometimes works against a closer examination of contents, strategies and instruments in school development – although the consultancy contracts advise this. This article, therefore, deals with how external consultancy for school development would have to be designed conceptually in order to effectively support the development activities at failing schools.

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29

Wabwile, Nyongesa Michael. "Transnational Corruption, Violations of Human Rights and States’ Extraterritorial Responsibility: A Case for International Action Strategies". African Journal of Legal Studies 8, n.º 1-2 (2 de junio de 2015): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342060.

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Although transnational corruption in Failing States is evidence of bad governance, its reconstruction as a gross violation of human rights – especially economic and social rights – is fairly recent. The present study argues that violation of economic and social rights through transnational corruption is linked to State failure, which in turn has transnational spill-over repercussions that threaten the common interests of international peace and security. The international community has extraterritorial human rights obligations to devise appropriate responses to current destruction of the economic foundations of Failing States and stop the economic crimes perpetrated by corrupt regimes against their own people. This paper argues that domestic anti-corruption institutions are inadequate to contain this problem and this inadequacy necessarily requires coordinated international or regional action. Such international action may include managerial strategies to reengineer and manage political culture change in Failing States, and legal strategies to confront the impunity of Failing States, individual perpetrators and their associates.

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30

Williams, Dana M. y Matthew T. Lee. "Aiming to Overthrow the State (Without Using the State): Political Opportunities for Anarchist Movements". Comparative Sociology 11, n.º 4 (2012): 558–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341236.

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Abstract The anarchist movement utilizes non-statist and anti-statist strategies for radical social transformation, thus indicating the limits of political opportunity theory and its emphasis upon the state. Using historical narratives from present-day anarchist movement literature, we note various events and phenomena in the last two centuries and their relevance to the mobilization and demobilization of anarchist movements throughout the world (Bolivia, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, Venezuela). Labor movement allies, failing state socialism, and punk subculture have provided conditions conducive to anarchism, while state repression and Bolshevik success in the Soviet Union constrained success. This variation suggests that future work should attend more closely to the role of national context, and the interrelationship of political and non-political factors.

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31

Guriev, Sergei. "Soft budget constraints and state capitalism". Acta Oeconomica 68, s1 (enero de 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2018.68.s.9.

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I consider the application of János Kornai’s soft budget constraint (SBC) concept to the state capitalist economy. I argue that interaction of SBC with agency problems within the government bureaucracy helps explaining a major feature of state capitalism – failure to privatize underperforming state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Bureaucrats supervising the failing SOEs prefer to keep them afloat and gamble for resurrection; in contrast, privatization would involve recognizing the loss, which would result in acknowledging the bureaucrat’s failure that is disincentivized by the state. This endogenously emerging preferential treatment of state-owned firms creates a competitive advantage against private firms; this explains why in state capitalism privatization may result in lower rather than higher productivity and therefore remain unpopular.

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32

VINOKUROVA, NATALYA. "State Terror as a Management Practice". Enterprise & Society 19, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2018): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.15.

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This comment, in response to Phil Scranton’s article, suggests that communist business practices differ from those adopted in the West along three dimensions: (1) the locus and degree of centralization of production decisions, (2) the mechanism for coordinating the producers’ actions, and (3) the use of state terror in shaping the workers’ and the managers’ incentives. My analysis focuses on the third dimension—state terror, which I define as workers and managers experiencing extreme penalties for failing to meet the state’s goals. I argue that business history and allied disciplines of management and economics would benefit from studying state terror as a management practice and outline several avenues for pursuing such research.

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Essl, Christiane, Lauritz Seifert, Michael Rabe y Anton Fuchs. "Early Detection of Failing Automotive Batteries Using Gas Sensors". Batteries 7, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020025.

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Safety for automotive lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications is of crucial importance, especially for electric vehicle applications using batteries with high capacity and high energy density. In case of a defect inside or outside the cell, serious safety risks are possible including extensive heat generation, toxic and flammable gas generation, and consequently fire and explosion. New regulations (GB 38031-2020) require a warning for passengers at least five minutes before serious incidents. This regulation can hardly be fulfilled with state-of-the-art battery monitoring. In this study, gases produced during battery failure before and during a thermal runaway (TR) are investigated in detail and the use of different gas sensors as early detectors of battery incidents is tested and proposed. The response of several commercially available gas sensors is tested in four battery failure cases: unwanted electrolysis of voltage carrying parts, electrolyte vapor, first venting of the cell and the TR. The experiments show that battery failure detection with gas sensors is possible but depends highly on the failure case. The chosen gas sensor can detect H2 produced by unwanted electrolysis and electrolyte vapor and gases produced by degassing of state-of-the-art LIBs. The results may contribute significantly to failure detection and improvement of battery safety.

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34

Nevo, E. "Constrained optimization of ventricular efficiency in normal and failing hearts". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1993): H1292—H1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.4.h1292.

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Optimal ventriculoarterial coupling, in terms of maximal energetic efficiency, was recently analyzed by analytic and experimental studies. Whereas for normal hearts the analytic predictions agreed well with measured data, failing hearts were found to operate remote from the predicted optimal conditions. An analysis of optimal coupling is developed in the present study, based on constrained optimization. The constraints are based on the concept that the system must comply with physiological requirements (restrictions) under all conditions. Optimization using the mean pressure as a constraint yielded results similar to the unconstrained case in the normal heart but different with the failing heart: in the failing heart the optimal arterial elastance was found to be larger than the ventricular elastance, whereas the opposite was predicted by the unconstrained optimization. If an additional constraint on the end-systolic pressure is used, a unique solution of the coupling state is obtained. The predicted coupling ratio was found to match published data from normal subjects and heart failure patients, where in the latter group it was found to be remote from the optimal efficiency state. An increase in ventricular contractility and reduction in afterload were shown to shift the nonoptimal coupling state toward the optimal one. This prediction complies with the use of inotropic agents and vasodilators as the mainstay of heart failure treatment. This study may provide a convenient framework of analysis for the assessment of the ventriculoarterial coupling and for the evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of specific drug treatments.

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35

Trotman, Wayne. "‘Where Have All the Students Gone?’ Absenteeism in a Turkish State University English Language Preparatory Year". Asian Education Studies 1, n.º 1 (3 de marzo de 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/aes.v1i1.32.

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<p>Research presented here adopted a mixed method approach to data gathering in order to provide a case study that investigated reasons for students in a higher education context in Turkey failing the year due to repeated absenteeism. A survey administered to 109 students and 43 teachers revealed varying reasons and perceptions of why students were absent from language lessons. Individual and follow-up interviews with ten students revealed how absence was due largely to logistical and personal problems, principally commitment and motivation, rather than those related to learning or teaching, which reflects Longhurst (1999). Based upon these points, it is clear that in order to maximise language learning opportunities in the university preparatory year, the issue of both potential and actual students failing due to absenteeism (SFDA) requires urgent address.</p>

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36

Arguedas-Ramirez, Gabriela. "Abortion and Human Rights in Central America". Janus Head 17, n.º 1 (2019): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20191712.

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This essay aims to show that the nations of Central America must create access to safe and legal abortion as well as promote a political dialogue on the subject that is based on reason and science, rather than religion. Not only does prohibiting abortion constitute a violation of women's human rights, but, based on international human rights law as well as the minimum duties of civil ethics, failing in to provide such access or dialogue would mean failing to meet the standards of a legitimate democratic state.

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37

Ekpo, Akpan H. y Elijah Udo. "External Debt, Growth and Poverty Reduction in a Failing State: Nigeria, 1970-2011". Journal of Business and Economics 6, n.º 5 (20 de mayo de 2015): 944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/05.06.2015/010.

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38

Nichols, Joe D. "Prediction Indicators for Students Failing the State of Indiana High School Graduation Exam". Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 47, n.º 3 (enero de 2003): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10459880309604439.

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39

Lobo, Gregory J. "Colombia, from failing state to a second independence: The politics and the price". International Journal of Cultural Studies 16, n.º 4 (3 de octubre de 2012): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877912460613.

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40

Benthuysen, John Van. "In-between anarchy and interdependence: from state death to fragile and failing states". Third World Quarterly 36, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2015): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.976015.

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41

Bohi, Douglas R. "Utilities and state regulators are failing to take advantage of emission allowance trading". Electricity Journal 7, n.º 2 (marzo de 1994): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(94)90008-6.

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42

Bah, Abu Bakarr. "State Decay: A Conceptual Frame of Failing and Failed States in West Africa". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 25, n.º 1-3 (10 de junio de 2012): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10767-012-9120-9.

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43

Ward, Marie-Louise, David J. Crossman, Denis S. Loiselle y Mark B. Cannell. "Non-steady-state calcium handling in failing hearts from the spontaneously hypertensive rat". Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 460, n.º 6 (21 de septiembre de 2010): 991–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0876-3.

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44

Essl, Christiane, Andrey W. Golubkov y Anton Fuchs. "Influence of Aging on the Failing Behavior of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries". Batteries 7, n.º 2 (7 de abril de 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020023.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a dominant state-of-the-art energy storage system and have importance in the automotive sector. Still, LIBs suffer from aging effects and serious hazards from failing batteries are possible. These failures can lead to exothermic chemical reactions inside the cell, ending up in thermal runaway (TR). TR has caused most electric vehicle (EV) fires. Since statistically most accidents with EVs happen after about one year of vehicle usage, in particular, the failing behavior of aged cells needs to be investigated. Little information is available in open literature about the influence of aging paths on the failing behavior and especially on the degassing behavior of large automotive LIBs. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of three different aging paths (cyclic at −10 °C and at 45 °C and calendric at 60 °C) on the thermal behavior, the vent gas emission, and the vent gas composition. The results show a clear effect of aging on the failing behavior. The aged cells showed a less violent failing reaction, reduced maximal temperatures, lower amount of produced gas, significantly lower amount of CO in the vent gas, and lower mass loss than fresh cells in the same overtemperature experiments. The results are valuable for the scientific and industrial community dealing with LIBs.

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45

Wang, Xi, Emmanuelle Sentex, Harjot K. Saini, Donald Chapman y Naranjan S. Dhalla. "Upregulation of β-adrenergic receptors in heart failure due to volume overload". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, n.º 1 (julio de 2005): H151—H159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00066.2005.

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To examine the mechanisms of changes in β-adrenergic signal transduction in heart failing due to volume overload, we studied the status of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK), and β-arrestin in heart failure due to aortocaval shunt (AVS). Heart failure in rats was induced by creating AVS for 16 wk, and β-AR binding, GRK activity, as well as their protein content, and mRNA levels were determined in both left and right ventricles. The density and protein content for β1-ARs, unlike those for β2-ARs, were increased in the failing hearts. Furthermore, protein contents for GRK isoforms and β-arrestin-1 were decreased in membranous fractions and increased in cytosolic fractions from the failing hearts. On the other hand, steady-state mRNA levels for β1-ARs and GRK2, as well as protein content for Gβγ-subunits, did not change in the failing heart. Basal cardiac function was depressed; however, both in vivo and ex vivo positive inotropic responses of the failing hearts to isoproterenol were augmented. Treatment of AVS animals with imidapril (1 mg·kg−1·day−1) or losartan (20 mg·kg−1·day−1) retarded the progression of heart failure; partially prevented changes in β1-ARs, GRKs, and β-arrestin-1 in the failing myocardium; and attenuated the increase in positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol. These results indicate that upregulation of β1-ARs is associated with subcellular redistribution of GRKs and β-arrestin-1 in the failing heart due to volume overload. Furthermore, attenuation of alterations in β-adrenergic system by imidapril or losartan may be due to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in the AVS model of heart failure.

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46

Dhalla, A. K. y P. K. Singal. "Antioxidant changes in hypertrophied and failing guinea pig hearts". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1994): H1280—H1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.4.h1280.

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Hypertrophy and heart failure were induced by placing a mildly constrictive band around the ascending aorta in young guinea pigs. Based on heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness, hemodynamic data, and other clinical signs, these animals were found to have physiological hypertrophy at 10 wk and congestive heart failure (CHF) at 20 wk. Hearts from these two groups of animals were examined for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and catalase activities as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione [reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG)] levels. There was an age-dependent increase in SOD activity and GSH content in sham controls. SOD activity was 28% higher in the 10-wk-hypertrophy group and 46% lower in the CHF group than in respective sham controls. GSHPx activity increased significantly in the hypertrophied hearts, whereas in the failing hearts, the activity was not different from the 20-wk controls but was significantly lower than in the hypertrophied hearts. Catalase activity did not change at either stage. GSH content in the hypertrophied hearts was significantly higher compared with sham controls. In the CHF group, GSH content was significantly lower and GSSG content was significantly higher than in sham controls. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde content, was significantly decreased in the hypertrophy group but increased toward control levels in the failure group. It is proposed that a relative deficit in myocardial antioxidant capacity as well as in the redox state may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure.

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47

Hamilton, Corinna K. "America’s Failing Trade War With China: A Focus on Fentanyl". American Journal of Trade and Policy 8, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v8i1.531.

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As this article will explain in detail, much of the fentanyl reaching the hands of Americans comes from The People’s Republic of China (“China”). However, as seen by the rise in overdoses, most efforts to control the invasion of fentanyl have been unsuccessful. Although the federal and state governments have attempted to curtail this crisis by imposing sanctions and urging China to regulate the production and shipping of the substance, fentanyl continues to flood the streets of the U.S. Moreover, the economic interdependence between the two nations complicates the matter. Because of this interdependence, the U.S. must take control of the situation. The U.S. fentanyl problem will persist if Americans are not dissuaded from using the drug. We must focus on the demand, rather than the supply. This comment focuses on the rise of opioids and synthetic pain relievers, and the variety of attempts at decreasing the number of addicts and overdoses. Initially, the comment will discuss the history of the popular drug opium, opiates, and prescription opioids, discussing state and federal attempts at curbing the crisis that the U.S. faces. It will address the rise of synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, and how and why it was created. Section two will discuss how fentanyl and its precursors are imported into the U.S. from China. Section three will discuss U.S. federal and state attempts at legislation to control the flow of fentanyl into the U.S. Section four will address the implications, or perhaps fuel to the fire, that the influx in the supply of fentanyl from China has had on trade relations, and how the trade linkage between the two nations obfuscates the situation. The comment will conclude by hypothesizing how the U.S. and China will recalibrate their relationship and recommend that to combat the fentanyl emergency, the U.S. needs to take steps to offer Americans with drug addictions the assistance they need.

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48

Hamilton, Corinna K. "America’s Failing Trade War With China: A Focus on Fentanyl". American Journal of Trade and Policy 8, n.º 2 (20 de julio de 2021): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v8i2.562.

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As this article will explain in detail, much of the fentanyl reaching the hands of Americans comes from The People’s Republic of China (“China”). However, as seen by the rise in overdoses, most efforts to control the invasion of fentanyl have been unsuccessful. Although the federal and state governments have attempted to curtail this crisis by imposing sanctions and urging China to regulate production and shipping of the substance, fentanyl continues to flood the streets of the U.S. Moreover, the economic interdependence between the two nations complicates the matter. Because of this interdependence, the U.S. must take control of the situation. The U.S. fentanyl problem will persist if Americans are not dissuaded from using the drug. We must focus on the demand, rather than the supply. This comment focuses on the rise of opioids and synthetic pain relievers, and the variety of attempts at decreasing the number of addicts and overdoses. Initially, the comment will discuss the history of the popular drug opium, opiates, and prescription opioids, discussing state and federal attempts at curbing the crisis that the U.S. faces. It will address the rise of synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, and how and why it was created. Section two will discuss how fentanyl and its precursors are imported into the U.S. from China. Section three will discuss U.S. federal and state attempts at legislation to control the flow of fentanyl into the U.S. Section four will address the implications, or perhaps fuel to the fire, that the influx in the supply of fentanyl from China has had on trade relations, and how the trade linkage between the two nations obfuscates the situation. The comment will conclude by hypothesizing how the U.S. and China will recalibrate their relationship and recommend that to combat the fentanyl emergency, the U.S. needs to take steps to offer Americans with drug addictions the assistance they need.

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49

Fouladvand, Shahrzad y Tony Ward. "Human Trafficking, Vulnerability and the State". Journal of Criminal Law 83, n.º 1 (febrero de 2019): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018318814373.

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This article looks at human trafficking from a perspective influenced by the ‘vulnerability theory’ developed by Martha Fineman and her associates. It draws particularly on empirical studies of human trafficking from Albania to the UK and elsewhere. It suggests that Fineman’s approach needs to be modified to see the state not only as ameliorating vulnerability, or failing to do so, but as actively creating and using vulnerability to control or exploit its population. The fact that people are placed, for political, social and economic reasons, in situations of heightened vulnerability does not of itself deprive them of agency or responsibility. People should, however, be understood as ‘vulnerable subjects’ whose capacity for autonomy may be lost when they are deprived of supportive social relationships. The implications of this view for the criminal responsibility of trafficking victims are explored.

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50

Gilson, N., N. el Houda Bouanani, A. Corsin y B. Crozatier. "Left ventricular function and beta-adrenoceptors in rabbit failing heart". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1990): H634—H641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.3.h634.

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Few models of heart failure (HF) are available for physiological and pharmacological studies. We report here a model of pressure plus volume overload induced in rabbits in which left ventricular (LV) function was studied in the conscious state after instrumentation of the animals with LV pressure catheter and ultrasonic crystals measuring LV diameter. Beta-Adrenoceptors were studied on crude membranes obtained from control (C) and HF rabbits using [3H]CGP 12177. LV weights and end-diastolic diameters were significantly increased in the HF group compared with the C group (by 79 and 38%, respectively). The percentage of diameter systolic shortening was decreased, in the control state, in rabbits with HF (15.3 +/- 1.6%) as compared with C rabbits (29.6 +/- 2.5%) and remained lower in the HF group when end-systolic pressures were matched. Chronotropic response to isoproterenol injection was significantly decreased in rabbits with HF compared with that of C rabbits. Beta-Adrenergic receptor density was decreased in rabbits with HF (39.3 +/- 3.7 fmol/mg) compared with C rabbits (56.7 +/- 4.2 fmol/mg) without affinity changes. This model of chronic HF thus produces a marked hypertrophy with ventricular dilatation and a depression of LV function within 2 mo, factors that are associated with a reduced cardiac responsiveness to catecholamines and a decreased ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor density.

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